ECOLOGYECOLOGY EcologyEcology (ee-KAHL-uh-jee) is the (ee-KAHL-uh-jee) is the

scientific study of scientific study of interactions among organisms and and between organisms and their between organisms and their environment.environment.

Organizational levels of biology

Some great, Some great, BIG issues……PollutionPollution

Acid rainAcid rain

Greenhouse effectGreenhouse effectGlobal warming

El NiEl NinnooLa NinaLa NinaIce AgeIce Age

Mrs. De Peralta ‘08

What are some examples

of living things?

A Living Thing!

To belong to the same species you must be ableto successfully produce

fertile offspring

Trees, Plants,Animals, Bacteria

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What do you call a group of

organisms that belong

to the same species?

What is it called when many different

populations are living together in

one area?

PopulationCommunity

We live in the community of Prince George’s

County.What populations make up

this community?

Levels of OrganizationLevels of OrganizationLook closely at this picture. What does this level include that the previous levels did not?

Mountains

Water

NON-LIVING THINGS

Some small questions…Some small questions…1.1. What are some examples of living What are some examples of living

things found in our community?things found in our community? These are called BIOTIC FACTORSThese are called BIOTIC FACTORS

2.2. What are some examples of non- What are some examples of non-living things found in our community?living things found in our community?

These are called ABIOTIC These are called ABIOTIC FACTORSFACTORS

““BioBio”” means means ““LivingLiving””

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Living things/organisms

Non-living things

It all starts with the…It all starts with the…

ENERGY

What does the prefix

“auto” mean?As in AUTOPILOT!

SELF Nourishment(feeding)

Autotrophs are also known as Producers

How do autotrophs produce How do autotrophs produce their own food?their own food?

Energy fromThe SUN!

Deep sea bacteria live at ocean depths too great for

light to reach, thus photosynthesis cannot occur. Yet, these bacteria still make their own food (sugars). What is the source of energy for the

bacteria?

What is this process called?

What if there is no sunlight?

Chemosynthesis

What does the prefix

“Hetero” mean?

Other Nourishment(feeding)

What are examples of organisms that eat other organisms (HETEROTROPHS)?

Heterotrophs are also known as Consumers

HeterotrophsHeterotrophs

HERBIVORESHERBIVORESCARNIVORESCARNIVORES

OMNIVORESOMNIVORESDETRITIVORESDETRITIVORES

DECOMPOSERSDECOMPOSERS

Plants onlyAnimals only

Plants and Animals

Detritus only

Break down organic matter

Energy moves along a pathway

What happens to the What happens to the energyenergy in in an ecosystem when one an ecosystem when one organism eats another?organism eats another?

Which of these Which of these describes the describes the role of the red role of the red oak in the forest oak in the forest food web? food web?

A. omnivoreA. omnivoreB. parasiteB. parasiteC. herbivoreC. herbivoreD. producerD. producer

Corals are marine animals that often Corals are marine animals that often live in tropical seas. Many types of live in tropical seas. Many types of corals have unicellular algae living in corals have unicellular algae living in their tissues. The algae provide up to 98 their tissues. The algae provide up to 98 percent of the corals' food. The corals percent of the corals' food. The corals provide protection and inorganic provide protection and inorganic nutrients for the algae.nutrients for the algae.

Algae leave the coral when the water is Algae leave the coral when the water is too warm. What kind of factor is too warm. What kind of factor is temperature on this relationship?temperature on this relationship?

A. BioticA. BioticB. AbioticB. AbioticC. ParasiticC. ParasiticD. CommensalisticD. Commensalistic

An ecosystem contains organisms An ecosystem contains organisms interacting with each other and their interacting with each other and their physical environment. Which of these physical environment. Which of these is the is the bestbest indicator of a healthy indicator of a healthy ecosystem?ecosystem?

A. There are few decomposers.A. There are few decomposers.B. There are many different species.B. There are many different species.C. There are few herbivores.C. There are few herbivores.D. There is a large population of only one D. There is a large population of only one species.species.

Describe the flow of energy Describe the flow of energy in the wetland food web. in the wetland food web. In your response, be sure In your response, be sure to:to:

Name the biotic and Name the biotic and abiotic factors affecting abiotic factors affecting the heron the heron

Identify the trophic levels Identify the trophic levels of the different organisms of the different organisms in the wetland food web in the wetland food web

Describe how the energy Describe how the energy is transferred between is transferred between the organisms in the the organisms in the wetland food web wetland food web

Explain how the other Explain how the other organisms in the wetland organisms in the wetland ecosystem would be ecosystem would be affected by the sudden affected by the sudden disappearance of the disappearance of the heron population heron population

BCR

Food Web InteractiveFood Web Interactivehttp://www.harcourtschool.com/http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/food/food_menu.htmlactivity/food/food_menu.html