eco-efficient agriculture & central america
DESCRIPTION
Presentation by Axel Schmidt for the CIAT KSW 2009TRANSCRIPT
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the poor 1
Eco-Efficient Agriculture &Central America
The field lab where you really want to be?
A. Schmidt et al. 20/05/2009
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the poor 2
Content
The challenges
The demand from the region
Current activities (highlights)
Some additional issues
Conclusions
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the poor
The challenges
Poorest region of the hemisphere Continuing decrease of agriculture
production vs. population growth High degree of vulnerability to inevitably
upcoming changes Resource degradation
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Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the poor
Central America is a hot spot of land degradation, affects 75% of agricultural land
Source: UNEP-ISRIC, 1990
Very SevereSevere
Degradation
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the poor
The challenges (2)
Poorest region of the hemisphere Continuing decrease of agriculture
production vs. population growth High degree of vulnerability to inevitably
upcoming changes Resource degradation Deforestation /agriculture frontier Water deficit (human/production) Energy crisis
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Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the poor
The challenges (3)
Instability of the coffee sector Increased inequity Migration / brain drain Weak human resources and
national systems (ASTI-IFPRI/IICA 2008)
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Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the poor
The “good” news
Developing domestic markets Advances in CA integration (CA4) Free Trade Agreements: CAFTA, EU Growing interest of food processing
industry to produce near sourcing base “The horticulture revolution” Changing consumer preferences /
demands …
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Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the poor
Demand from the region
Improved water use & management Soil fertility management Value chain development and market
connection Seed supply systems Capacity building (research and
technology transfer)
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Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the poor 9
Content
The challenges
The demand from the region
Current activities (highlights)
Shortfalls and opportunities
Conclusions
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the poor
Improved water use & management
CFC-FLAR water harvesting project
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Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the poor
When there is water, there is no light
and
when there is light, there is no water
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the poor
RADIACIÓN SOLAR EN NICARAGUA
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Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the poor
Improved water use & management
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Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the poor
Soil fertility management in mixed systems
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Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the poor 15
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the poor
Soil fertility management in mixed systems
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Canavalia brasiliensis is drought resistant,
increases milk yield in the dry season, fixes up to 70 kg N/ha, reduces mineral fertilizer input Trade offs between forage use and
soil improvement – danger of N depletion?
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the poor
Soil fertility management
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Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the poor
Variables Location 1 (SV) Location 2 (ITC)
NuMaSS
Farmer NuMaSS Farmer
Fertilizer (kg/ha) 90 300 141 300
Yield (kg/ha) 2.7 1.23 3.0 1.7
Net gain (US$/ha)
511 85 575 191
NuMaSS on-farm validation results
Effect of NuMaSS recommendations on maize production profitability at two locations in Honduras Candelaria , Lempira
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the poor
Agroforestry System Quezungual
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Planting of crops into mulch under trees
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the poor
Agroforestry System Quezungual
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Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the poor
Agroforestry System Quezungual
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Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the poor
Agroforestry System Quezungual
Results: Improved food security No fuel wood shortages Increased water availability on landscape
level Limited production potential How to improve productivity?
Diversification? Danger of livestock introduction
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Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the poor
Soil fertility / water management & markets
RED SICTA Diversification project: Diversification of traditional maize
bean systems based on market information
Crop specific fertilizer and water management
Simple protection measures Strong training component
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Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the poor 24
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the poor
Value chains / markets
Markets are the driving forces for production and decisions on the use of available resources
Huge opportunities for income generation
Market information to avoid waste of resources
Markets may even push for ecoeff.ag.
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Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the poor
Decision support for value chains
PPP project Café Direct (Fair Trade) Project Partners: GTZ, CATIE, farmer
organizations Nicaragua, Mexico, Peru Impact of climate change on a fair trade value
chain Where will coffee cultivation still be possible in
2050? What are the environmental variables that
drive the suitability of an area to grow coffee?
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Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the poor 28
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the poor 29
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the poor
Seed Supply Systems
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the poor
Seed Supply System
Decentralized seed production Biofortified crops 32 partners in CA Strong training component
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Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the poor
Seed Supply System
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EMPRASEFOR
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the poor
Capacity building
Eco-efficient agriculture is based on information and knowledge
Knowledge transfer is needed New models necessary? Regional capacity building platform ?
IICA, CATIE, EMBRAPA, CG, Zamorano …
Knowledge management of former programs/projects
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Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the poor
Other issues
Management is key to the concept of eco-efficiency – we have to reengage
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Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the poor
4.4
5.5
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9.9
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Yie
ld t
/ha
Summary of results obtained by FLAR in Nicaragua 2004
Average national yield
Yield with conventional management 2001-2003
Farmer yield with semi-improved
management 2004
Best management
2004
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the poor
Other issues
Management is key to the concept of eco-efficiency – we have to reengage
In order to confront the challenges in the region, alliances are necessary to access multiple capacities
CIAT should take advantage of his unique infrastructure and legal status in the region and host “The CG Consortium” in CA
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Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the poor
Conclusions The region is characterized by a number
of serious challenges but provides opportunities to work on eco-efficient agriculture technologies and management systems for the poor
“We do already eco-efficient agriculture” But capacity upgrades / reengagement in
some areas are necessary (e.g. water use, knowledge transfer, management)
Regional capacity building platform CG Consortium Hub
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Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the poor
Conclusions (2) Central America has all the conditions to
be used as a field lab for research on eco-efficient agriculture and it is an important impact zone for the new strategic directions of CIAT
We have to be involved on the ground with others, building and leading new networks and alliances; this is not possible by remote control
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Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the poor 39
Welcome to Central America
“ … The place to be!”
Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the poor 40
Welcome to Central America
“ … is STILLthe place to be!”
Thank you