COST SAVING IN COST SAVING IN IMPLEMENTING IMPLEMENTING

CONSTRUCTION WASTE CONSTRUCTION WASTE MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT

ECM 735 – CONSTRUCTION ECM 735 – CONSTRUCTION WASTE MANAGEMENTWASTE MANAGEMENT

Prepare and presented by:Prepare and presented by:

MARDINA BT. OMARMARDINA BT. OMAR -- 2009 4257 2009 4257 1818

SUFIAN B. BAHAROMSUFIAN B. BAHAROM -- 2009 6227 2009 6227 1212

IVALINA BT. HANISIVALINA BT. HANIS -- 2009 6232 2009 6232 8888

SHAHNON B. ZAKARIASHAHNON B. ZAKARIA -- 2009 4217 2009 4217 3636

MOHD NORLI B. MOHD RAFDZIMOHD NORLI B. MOHD RAFDZI -- 2009 9202 2009 9202 6363

NORLINA BT. MOHD IGHARNORLINA BT. MOHD IGHAR -- 20094578022009457802

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION The construction industry has a major The construction industry has a major

impact on the environment, both in impact on the environment, both in term of the resources it consumes term of the resources it consumes and the waste it produces.and the waste it produces.

Waste minimization: reducing the Waste minimization: reducing the amount and environmental impact of amount and environmental impact of waste generated as well as reducing waste generated as well as reducing pollution.pollution.

Provide education to make sure every Provide education to make sure every persons is familiar with the waste persons is familiar with the waste management program.management program.

IMPACT OF WASTEIMPACT OF WASTE Cost for waste disposal are vary depending Cost for waste disposal are vary depending

on volume of waste and disposal fees.on volume of waste and disposal fees. Others considerations that may affect the Others considerations that may affect the

project programme as well as the budget:project programme as well as the budget:1.1. The purchase price of the The purchase price of the

materials that are being materials that are being wasted,wasted,

2.2. The cost of storage, The cost of storage, transport and disposal of transport and disposal of waste,waste,

3.3. The cost of the time spent The cost of the time spent managing and handling the managing and handling the waste,waste,

4.4. The loss of income from not The loss of income from not salvaging waste material.salvaging waste material.

REDUCING COSTREDUCING COST Reducing waste costs can occur through Reducing waste costs can occur through

a variety of methods. These include a variety of methods. These include waste segregation, source reduction, waste segregation, source reduction, reuse and recycling.reuse and recycling.

The potential large savings can be made The potential large savings can be made by incorporating best practice in waste by incorporating best practice in waste management.management.

Reclaimed materials and products from Reclaimed materials and products from recycle material are likely to cause less recycle material are likely to cause less environmental damage and reduce the environmental damage and reduce the quantity of waste sent to landfill.quantity of waste sent to landfill.

By using implementation of good By using implementation of good waste management plan, the waste management plan, the following can be achieved:following can be achieved:

1.1. Save energySave energy

2.2. Reduce landfillReduce landfill

3.3. Reduce transport distancesReduce transport distances

4.4. Conserve natural resourcesConserve natural resources

5.5. Reduce pollutionReduce pollution

6.6. Stimulate recycling schemesStimulate recycling schemes

COST SAVINGCOST SAVINGCost saving can be produced by Cost saving can be produced by reducing the amount of waste on reducing the amount of waste on site. Source will reduction such as :site. Source will reduction such as :

1) Decreases disposal costs 1) Decreases disposal costs

2) Lowers labor costs because less 2) Lowers labor costs because less materials must be handled and cut materials must be handled and cut

3) Reduces expenditures for materials 3) Reduces expenditures for materials because less is wasted. because less is wasted.

PRINCIPLES OF COST PRINCIPLES OF COST SAVINGSAVING

TYPES OF COST SAVINGTYPES OF COST SAVING

CONSIDER PROJECT COST CONSIDER PROJECT COST AND SAVINGAND SAVING

CASE STUDY OF AN CASE STUDY OF AN ONGOING PROJECTONGOING PROJECT

Cadangan Membina Dan Menyiapkan Kampus Utama Kolej Pertanian Malaysia (KPM), Bukit Tangga,

Mukim Temin, Daerah Kubang Pasu, Kedah Darul Aman

Project Brief

Located at Bukit Located at Bukit Tangga, Daerah Tangga, Daerah

Kubang Pasu Kubang Pasu Kedah. Kedah.

Approximately 5 Approximately 5 KM from Bukit KM from Bukit

Kayu HitamKayu Hitam Complex Complex Constructed in Constructed in

350 hectares of 350 hectares of land, where land, where

development development area about 75 area about 75

hectares.hectares.

Full Capacity Full Capacity of students of students when fully when fully

operated will operated will be 5000 be 5000 studentsstudents

Operating as higher Operating as higher learning institute learning institute for agricultures. for agricultures.

Consist of Various Consist of Various Faculties, Faculties,

Administrative Administrative Blocks, Library, Blocks, Library,

Mosque, Hostels, Mosque, Hostels, Quarters and etcQuarters and etc

ConstructionConstruction

BriefBrief

Formwork used Formwork used 189,019 m2.189,019 m2.

BRC used BRC used 75,872 m2.75,872 m2.

Concrete used Concrete used 63,836 m363,836 m3..

Reinforcement Reinforcement used 6,878 tonsused 6,878 tons..

ESTIMATED SAVING FROM RESALE SCRAPE MATERIALS

MATERIALS Concrete (m3) Reinforcement (tons) BRC (m2) Formwork (m2)

Quantity 63836 6878 75872 189019

3 Times Usage 63006.33

Conversion kg/m2

Conversion Unit 32

2016202.667

Density 625kg/1000kg 625

Final Conversion in tons 3225.92

Final Quantity 63836 6878 75872 3225.92

Final Unit m3 tons m2 ton

Material Price MYR 190.00 MYR 2,100.00 MYR 10.00 MYR 850.00

Based on Grd 30 Based on T16 - T32 Based on BRC A8Based on Mixed

H/Wood

Total Materials Price MYR 12,128,840.00 MYR 14,443,800.00 MYR 758,720.00 MYR 2,742,035.63 MYR 30,073,395.63

Costing Wastage 3% 5% 3% 3%

Costing Wastage Quantity 1915.08 343.9 2276.16 96.777728

Costing Wastage Amount MYR 363,865.20 MYR 722,190.00 MYR 22,761.60 MYR 82,261.07 MYR 1,191,077.87

Assume Wastage Recovery 90% 75% 75% 50% Costing Wastage Quantity Recovery 1723.572 257.925 1707.12 48.388864 Rates for Recycle Raw Materials MYR 0.00 MYR 800.00 MYR 5.00 MYR 100.00

Costing Wastage Amount MYR 0.00 MYR 206,340.00 MYR 8,535.60 MYR 4,838.89

MYR 219,714.49

ESTIMATED SAVING FROM REUSABLE MATERIALS

MATERIALS Concrete (m3)Reinforcement

(tons) BRC (m2) Formwork (m2)

Wastage Quantity 1723.572

Reusable as 350mm Road base 603.2502

Reusable Materials Unit m2

Rates for Reuse Raw Materials 18

Costing Wastage Amount MYR 10,858.50 MYR 10,858.50

ESTIMATED SAVING FROM TRANSPORTING AND DUMPING OF CONSTRUCTION WASTE

MATERIALS Concrete (m3)Reinforcement

(tons) BRC (m2) Formwork (m2) Quantity 63836 6878 75872 189019 3 Times Usage 63006.33 Conversion kg/m2 kg/m2 Conversion Unit 3.95 32 2016202.667 Density kg/m3 2430 625 Final Conversion in tons 155121.48 299694.4 3225.92 Final Quantity 155121.48 6878 299.6944 3225.92 Final Unit tons tons tons ton Costing Wastage 3% 5% 3% 3% Wastage Quantity 4653.6444 343.9 8.990832 96.777728 Assume Wastage Recovery 90% 75% 75% 50%

Wastage Quantity Recovery 4188.27996 257.925 6.743124 48.388864

Cost Transportation to dump site /tons MYR 70.00 MYR 70.00 MYR 70.00 MYR 70.00

Costing Wastage Transport Amount MYR 293,179.60 MYR 18,054.75 MYR 472.02 MYR 3,387.22 MYR 315,093.59Cost of Dump site / tons MYR 15.00 MYR 15.00 MYR 15.00 MYR 15.00

Costing Wastage Transport Amount MYR 62,824.20 MYR 3,868.88 MYR 101.15 MYR 725.83 MYR 67,520.05

Total Saving for transporting and dumping of construction waste

MYR 382,613.64

Therefore Total BenefitTherefore Total Benefit

TB = Ssm + Srm + Std + ITbTB = Ssm + Srm + Std + ITbTB – Total BenefitTB – Total Benefit

Ssm – Saving from scrap materialsSsm – Saving from scrap materials

Srm – Saving from recycle materialsSrm – Saving from recycle materials

Std – Saving from transportation and dump site costStd – Saving from transportation and dump site cost

Itb – Intangible benefitsItb – Intangible benefits

TB = MYR 219,714.49 + MYR 10, 858.50TB = MYR 219,714.49 + MYR 10, 858.50

+ MYR 382,613.64 + ITb+ MYR 382,613.64 + ITb

= MYR 613,186.63 + ITb= MYR 613,186.63 + ITb

ESTIMATED QUANTITY OR COLLECTION AND SEPERATION OF CONSTRUCTION WASTE

MATERIALS Concrete (m3)Reinforcemen

t (tons) BRC (m2)Formwork

(m2) Quantity 63836 6878 75872 189019

3 Times Usage 63006.33

Conversion kg/m2 kg/m2

Conversion Unit 3.95 32

2016202.667

Density kg/m3 2430 625

Final Conversion in tons 155121.48 299694.4 3225.92

Final Quantity 155121.48 6878 299.6944 3225.92

Final Unit tons tons tons ton

Estimated Wastage 3% 5% 3% 3%

Estimated Wastage Quantity 4653.6444 343.9 8.990832 96.777728 5103.31296

ESTIMATED COST OR COLLECTION , SEPERATION, TRANSPORT, STORING AND CRUSHING OF CONCRETE FOR CONSTRUCTION WASTE

Construction Period; 18 MonthsWastage / Month: 283.5173867 tonsCollection Frequancy 4 time/mothh

70.88 TonsCapacity of Dumping Bucket 6 tons:Therefore Dumping Bucket required: 11.81322444 NosApproximate Qty: 12 Nos

Therefore Dumping Bucket rental = 12nos x MYR 350.00/month x 18 months(Ceq) = MYR 75,600.00

Therefore Transportation Cost = 5,103tons x MYR 15.00/ton within site (Cts) = MYR 76,545.00

Therefore Storage Cost within site = 5,103tons x MYR 10.00/ton (Cstg) = MYR 51,030.00

Therefore Concrete Crushing = 4,654 tons x MYR 10.00/ton (Ccc) = MYR 46,530.00

Therefore Total CostTherefore Total Cost

TC = Ceq + Cts + Cstg + Ccc + ItcTC = Ceq + Cts + Cstg + Ccc + Itc

TC – Total CostTC – Total Cost

Ssm – Saving from scrap materialsSsm – Saving from scrap materials

Srm – Saving from recycle materialsSrm – Saving from recycle materials

Std – Saving from transportation and dump site costStd – Saving from transportation and dump site cost

Itb – Intangible benefitsItb – Intangible benefits

TB = MYR 75,600.00 + MYR TB = MYR 75,600.00 + MYR

76,545.00 + MYR 51,030.00 76,545.00 + MYR 51,030.00

+ 46,530.00 + ITc+ 46,530.00 + ITc

= MYR 249,705.00 + ITb= MYR 249,705.00 + ITb

Therefore Nett BenefitTherefore Nett Benefit

NB = TB – TCNB = TB – TCNB – Nett BenefitNB – Nett Benefit

TB – Total BenefitTB – Total Benefit

TC – Total CostTC – Total Cost

NB = MYR 613,186.63 – NB = MYR 613,186.63 –

MYR 249,705.00 MYR 249,705.00

= MYR 363,481.63= MYR 363,481.63

A further saving of 30.51% out of total estimated wastage ofA further saving of 30.51% out of total estimated wastage of

RM 1,191,077.87 for three major structure materials. WherebyRM 1,191,077.87 for three major structure materials. Whereby

the original wastage are reduced from 3.69% to 2.75%.the original wastage are reduced from 3.69% to 2.75%.

ConclusionsConclusions

Cost Cost ReductionsReductions

Optimizing Optimizing ResourcesResources

Increased Increased ProductivityProductivity