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Sweat electrolyte concentrations are not predictive of hydration status or sweating rate

Sweat metabolite concentrations are not a reliable biomarker for exercise intensity or other physiological stressors

Glucose, cytokine, and cortisol research is too limited to suggest that sweat is a useful proxy for blood

Lactate (derived from sweat gland metabolism)

Trace minerals, amino acids, cortisol (contamination derived from skin cells)

Urea, ammonia, cytokines (derived from sweat gland metabolism and skin cells)

Sodium, chloride, bicarbonate (because of reabsorption in the sweat gland duct)

Glucose, cytokines, cortisol (because of limitations in transport across/between cells of the sweat gland)

GSSI REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS DETERMINING ECCRINE SWEAT COMPOSITIONLINDSAY B. BAKER AND ANTHONY S. WOLFE

Solutes that appear in sweat at higher concentrations than that of blood:

Solutes that are relatively dilute (less concentrated) in sweat vs. blood:

KEY TAKEAWAYS

Sweat flow rate

Byproducts of sweat gland metabolism

Skin surface contamination

Eccrine Gland

Eccrine Gland

Apocrine Gland

Sebaceous Gland

Secretions from apocrine and sebaceous glands

Some ions reabsorbed in the proximal duct

Mechanisms of primary sweat secretion in the secretory coil

Baker LB and AS Wolfe. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020. Doi: 10.1007%2Fs00421-020-04323-7The authors are employed by the Gatorade Sports Science Institute, a division of PepsiCo, Inc. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of PepsiCo, Inc.

CAN SWEAT BE USED AS A PROXY FOR BLOOD

OR AS A BIOMARKER FOR NUTRITIONAL OR

PHYSIOLOGICAL STATUS?

IN MOST CASES, NO, BECAUSE SWEAT

COMPOSITION IS INFLUENCED NOT ONLY BY

BLOOD SOLUTE CONCENTRATIONS BUT ALSO….