eating disorders among athletes
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Eating Disorders Among Athletes. Presentation by: Julie Cassara Hildeberto Campos Carolyn Gonzalez Gus M. Lasam Return to main page. Introduction. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Eating Disorders Among Eating Disorders Among AthletesAthletes
Presentation by:Presentation by:Julie CassaraJulie Cassara
Hildeberto CamposHildeberto CamposCarolyn GonzalezCarolyn Gonzalez
Gus M. LasamGus M. Lasam
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IntroductionIntroduction
Eating disorders, specifically anorexia and bulimia, continue to be on the Eating disorders, specifically anorexia and bulimia, continue to be on the rise among athletes in the sports of figure skating, wrestling and rise among athletes in the sports of figure skating, wrestling and
gymnastics.gymnastics.
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OutlineOutline
FindingsFindingsCausesCauses
StatisticsStatisticsPreventionPreventionTreatmentTreatment
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FindingsFindings
Most Common Types of Most Common Types of Eating Disorders in SportsEating Disorders in Sports
Anorexia NervosaAnorexia NervosaBulimia NervosaBulimia Nervosa
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Psychological Characteristics Psychological Characteristics of Anorexicsof Anorexics
Preoccupied with dieting and being thin leading to excessive Preoccupied with dieting and being thin leading to excessive weight loss.weight loss.
Have intense fear of fat and becoming fat.Have intense fear of fat and becoming fat. Preoccupation with food and weight loss mask underlying Preoccupation with food and weight loss mask underlying
psychological problems.psychological problems.
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Psychological Characteristics Psychological Characteristics of Bulimicsof Bulimics
Frequent episodes of binge eating.Frequent episodes of binge eating. Exercise compulsively.Exercise compulsively. Fasting.Fasting. Abuse laxatives/diuretics.Abuse laxatives/diuretics.
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Psychological Characteristics Psychological Characteristics of Bulimicsof Bulimics
Purging involves vomiting.Purging involves vomiting. Often feels guilty after eating a meal.Often feels guilty after eating a meal. No visible physical characteristics.No visible physical characteristics. Uses self-destructive eating behavior to mask Uses self-destructive eating behavior to mask
psychological problems.psychological problems.
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Types of Sports With High Types of Sports With High Risks for Eating Disorders Risks for Eating Disorders
GymnasticsGymnastics WrestlingWrestling BoxingBoxing Figure skatingFigure skating
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CausesCauses
Causes in GymnasticsCauses in Gymnastics
Standards Set by SocietyStandards Set by SocietyPressure from ParentsPressure from ParentsPressure from CoachesPressure from CoachesPressure from JudgesPressure from Judges
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Standards Set by SocietyStandards Set by Society
““In 1976, the average gymnast was 5’3” tallIn 1976, the average gymnast was 5’3” tallweighting 105 pounds, and in 1992, the averageweighting 105 pounds, and in 1992, the average
gymnast was 4’9” weighing 88 pounds.” gymnast was 4’9” weighing 88 pounds.”
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Pressure from ParentsPressure from Parents
Parents who are competitive, controlling orParents who are competitive, controlling orperfectionists tend to push these behaviors onperfectionists tend to push these behaviors on
their children.their children.
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Pressure from CoachesPressure from Coaches
Coaches are guilty of criticizing gymnasts for theCoaches are guilty of criticizing gymnasts for theneed to be thin. A lot of the time coaches seeneed to be thin. A lot of the time coaches see
their athletes’ physiques as a reflection oftheir athletes’ physiques as a reflection ofthemselves.themselves.
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Pressure from JudgesPressure from Judges
Judges consider thinness a factor when scoring forJudges consider thinness a factor when scoring fortechnical and artistic ability.technical and artistic ability.
““In 1988, at a meet in Budapest, a US judge toldIn 1988, at a meet in Budapest, a US judge toldChristy Hendrich, one of the world’s topChristy Hendrich, one of the world’s top
gymnasts, that she was too fat and needed to losegymnasts, that she was too fat and needed to loseweight if she hoped to make the Olympic squad.”weight if she hoped to make the Olympic squad.”
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Causes Lead to ConsequencesCauses Lead to Consequences
““On July 26, 1994, at age 22, Christy Hendrich died of multiple organ failure. She On July 26, 1994, at age 22, Christy Hendrich died of multiple organ failure. She weighed only 47 pounds.”weighed only 47 pounds.”
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StatisticsStatistics
Population and Eating Population and Eating DisordersDisorders
Eating disorders among males and Eating disorders among males and females are more prevalent among females are more prevalent among athletes then non athletes.athletes then non athletes.
Eating disorders have a higher Eating disorders have a higher prevalence in the female athlete prevalence in the female athlete population, than in the male athlete population, than in the male athlete population.population.
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Eating Disorders and Eating Disorders and GendersGenders
The occurrence of eating disorders cases The occurrence of eating disorders cases among female athletes is of 90 – 95%among female athletes is of 90 – 95%
Among females Anorexia Nervosa and Among females Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa are more prevalentBulimia Nervosa are more prevalent
Among males self-induced vomiting, Among males self-induced vomiting, binging, abuse of laxatives and diuretics is binging, abuse of laxatives and diuretics is more prevalentmore prevalent
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Females and Anorexia Females and Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa and Bulimia
NervosaNervosa In the female In the female
population the population the percentages of percentages of Bulimia Nervosa Bulimia Nervosa is higher than is higher than that of Anorexia that of Anorexia NervosaNervosa
3% of women 3% of women between the ages between the ages of 13 and 30 are of 13 and 30 are bulimic, while 1% bulimic, while 1% are Anorexicare Anorexic
Females and Anorexia Females and Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa…continuedNervosa…continued
10 to 20% of all 10 to 20% of all anorexic patients anorexic patients admitted to the admitted to the hospital for hospital for anorexia will anorexia will eventually die from eventually die from itit
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PreventionPrevention
TreatmentTreatment
Warning Signs, Prevention and
Treatment of Eating Disorders
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Warning SignsWarning Signs
Excessive exercise outside of routine training Excessive exercise outside of routine training periodperiod
Withdrawal from teammatesWithdrawal from teammates Inability to complete workouts Inability to complete workouts Menstrual irregularitiesMenstrual irregularities Loss of concentrationLoss of concentration Restrictive dietingRestrictive dieting
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More Warning SignsMore Warning Signs Purging through Purging through
vomiting,diuretics or vomiting,diuretics or laxativeslaxatives
Chronic fatigueChronic fatigue Weight lossWeight loss Changes in moodChanges in mood FaintingFainting Light-headednessLight-headedness Decreased staminaDecreased stamina
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PreventionPrevention One should be prepared to recognize and educate One should be prepared to recognize and educate
athletes on the symptoms and warning signs of eating athletes on the symptoms and warning signs of eating disorders.disorders.
Educate athletes on the physical risks of maintaining a Educate athletes on the physical risks of maintaining a low body weight.low body weight.
Set realistic goals, taking into account the individual Set realistic goals, taking into account the individual athlete’s body type and shape.athlete’s body type and shape.
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Promote total and healthy Promote total and healthy nutritionnutrition
Eliminate public weight-in and Eliminate public weight-in and body-fat analysesbody-fat analyses
Provide a resource for emotional Provide a resource for emotional counselingcounseling
Encourage positive self-image Encourage positive self-image and self –esteemand self –esteem
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More PreventionsMore Preventions Do not overplay the impact of weight on athletic Do not overplay the impact of weight on athletic
performanceperformance Recognize when healthy training regiments turn into Recognize when healthy training regiments turn into
obsessive regimentsobsessive regiments Eliminate ridiculing or flippant remarks about body Eliminate ridiculing or flippant remarks about body
shape or weightshape or weight
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TreatmentTreatment HospitalizationHospitalization MedicationMedication Dental workDental work Individual counselingIndividual counseling Group counselingGroup counseling Family counselingFamily counseling
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ConclusionConclusion The key is Awareness of…The key is Awareness of…
SymptomsSymptomsConsequencesConsequencesUnderstandingUnderstanding
EducationEducationBottom line is…Bottom line is…
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CommunicationCommunication