Eating DisordersSemester 2

2011By

Gloria StacyTsionLili

Definition of Eating Disorders Causes of Eating Disorders Symptoms Treatments Preventions Conclusion

Introduction

Refuses to eat in an attempt to satisfy a psychological need rather than a physical need

Eating behavior problems

Preoccupation with food

Definition of Eating Disorders

Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia Nervosa Binge eating Anorexia Athletica Over Exercise Over Eating Night Eating Orthorexia

Types of Eating Disorders

An obsession with diet and body image

Low body weight No menstruation Loss of appetite Poor digestion

Anorexia Nervosa

An obsession with diet and body image

Normal body weight Extreme unhealthy

methods to control weight A feeling of loss of control

over eating behavior Bingeing Purging

Bulimia Nervosa

Negative family influencesBiological/genetic influencesPsychological problemsSocial influences

Causes of Eating Disorders

Family history of addiction or emotional disorder

Parental behaviors or attitudes Family history of obesity History of abuse

Negative family influences

▶ It’s known that people with biological sister, mother or other relatives who suffer from eating disorder have more chance to develop eating disorders compared to others who don’t have the same history.

▶ Also if the brain functions abnormally due to stress, mood and appetite, it can cause eating disorders.

▶ Biological changes during adolescence can also lead to eating disorders.

Biological/genetic problems

Psychological factors▶ Most of those with eating disorders tend to

have problems with :

- Low self-esteem- Stress - Obsession with perfectionism- Poor anger control skill

In a modern society, the idea of beauty is extreme thinness. Success and self-worth are commonly associated with being thin, which may lead to the belief “the thinner the better”, hence the eating disorders.

Social factors

Anorexia Nervosa Symptoms

By Stacy

Refusing to eat and denying hunger Secretive behaviour around food and exercise Low body weight: less than 85% of normal weight for

their age and height Flat mood or lack of emotion Preoccupation with food Dizziness or fainting Menstrual irregularities or loss of menstruation Constipation Dry Skin Purging and bingeing behaviour

SYMPTOMS

Bulimia Nervosa Symptoms

By Stacy

Self-induced vomiting Excessive exercising Irregular heartbeat Dehydration Sores in the throat and mouth Constant dieting and fasting Going to the bathroom after eating or

during meal

Symptoms

▶ Family support - least expensive

- suitable for patients with mild conditions▶ Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT)

- a kind of psychological treatment - successful in over half of cases

Treatment of Bulimia

▶ Drugs

anti-depressants known as SSRI such as:

Fluoxetine Setraline ParoxetineFluvoxamine ▶ Hospitalization

Treatment of Bulimia

▶ Restoring normal weight and nutritional intervention: hospitalization

Inpatient : a weight-gain goal of 1-1.5 kg for a week

Outpatient : a weight-gain goal of 0.25-0.5 kg for a week

Increase to 2,000-3,500 calories a day

Treatment of Anorexia

Treatment of AnorexiaTubal feedings for patients who refuse to eat

Intravenous feedingsin life-threatening situations

through the nose to the stomach

through a tube inserted through the abdomen into

the stomach

insert a needle into the vein and infuse fluids containing nutrients directly into the bloodstream

administer carefully

▶ Exercise The goal of exercise is to improve physical

fitness and health, not to burn off calories.▶ Psychological approaches

children and adolescents: Family therapyadults: motivational psychotherapy + CBT

▶ Medicationsantidepressants: not many benefits reported with SSRInutrition supplements: Calcium and Vitamin D often

recommendedsome reports of Zinc to help gain weight

Treatment of Anorexia

▶ Healthy eating▶ Healthy weight control▶ Active involvement in sports

Prevention of Eating Disorders

Do you feel that others pressure you to be thin? Do you feel guilty about what you eat? Do you feel that your weight is one of the only

things you can control Do you feel you've become isolated from family

and friends? Do you prefer to eat alone? Do you use food as a comfort? Do you consume large amounts of food in a brief

amount of time? Do you feel fat despite others telling you that

you're not?

Quiz – questions and answers

Do you ever exercise excessively? Do you ever induce vomiting after eating or

drinking? Do you count all the hidden calories or grams of fat

in each bite of food? Do you often feel depressed and unhappy with

yourself? Do you diet excessively? Do you use laxatives, diet pills, or diuretics each

week? Do you weigh yourself several times each day? Do you eat when you're lonely, anxious, depressed,

or nervous?

If you answer “yes” to five or more, you may have an eating disorders.

Key to the quiz

Definition of Eating Disorders Causes of Eating Disorders Symptoms Treatments Preventions

Conclusion

http://kidshealth.org/parent/emotions/feelings/eating_disorders.html

http://www.psychology.org.au/publications/tip_sheets/eating/

http://www.umm.edu (University of Maryland Medical Centre)

http://www.eatingdisordersonline.com

References