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CORNELLUNIVERSITY

LIBRARY

THE WASONCHINESE

COLLECTION

Cornell University Library

PL 1111.L29

Easy steps in Chinese studies :a

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3 1924 023 341 815

Cornell University

Library

The original of tliis book is in

tine Cornell University Library.

There are no known copyright restrictions in

the United States on the use of the text.

http://www.archive.org/details/cu31 924023341 81

5

Easy Steps in Chinese Studies

A SERIES

LESSONS, VOCABULAEIES, EXPEESSIONSETC. ETC.

Compiled for the use of Beginners in Chinese

BY

GEORGE LANNINGPrincipal, Shanghai Public School

KELLY & WALSH, LIMITEDSHANGHAI—HONGKONG—YOKOHAMA—aINGAPORE

i9oe

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Introduction

TABLE OF CONTBNTS.

Official Oocupationa

Ordinary Occupations

Further Exercises on Numerical

Expressions

XXXIV—XXXIX.— Common Words in Combination

XXVI.—XXVII.—XXVIII—XXXIII.

Other Pronominal Words and

Expressions

Religions

Relationship, Kindred

Furniture, etc. ...'

Law, Government, etc.

Imports

Exports ...

Travelling Expressions

By Land and Water

The Provinces and their Cap-

itals, with the meaning o£

the Names

A Collection of Interrogative

Expressions

Further Interrogative Expres-

sions ...

A Collection of Exclamatory

Expressions

Agricultural Words and Ex-

pressions

Conversational Exercises

Miscellaneous Words, Expressions and Sentences for

General Practice

XL & XLI.—

XLII & XLIII.

XLIV—XLVI.XLVII.—XLVIII.—

XLIX.—L.—

LL—LII.—

LIU.—

LIV.—

LV.—

LVI.-

LVII.-

Page.

98

103

106

122

134

138

143

150

152

154

159

164

169

174

177

181

187

190

197

208

INTRODUCTION.

I.

—

By way of Preface.

The proof of the pudding, as we all know, is in the

eating. Whether this little book will attain its object

remains to be seen. And yet it is not a matter wholly

of conjecture, for while the work of compilation

has slowly been going on, Messrs. Kelly and Walsh

have been good enough to supply advanced sheets

which I have used with the boys of my school

;

and, so far as experience goes, it would seem that,

though there are shortcomings here and there, boys

do take kindly to the lessons and make progress so

long as they have foreign supervision as well as the

Chinese teacher. The adult beginner will, 1 think,

find in the little volume a useful introduction to the

higher manuals, to Edkins, Bailer, Mateer, and others,

to all of which I have been indebted for hints and

information.

n INTRODUCTION.

The plan I have adopted is so to familiarise the

scholars with the characters in the earlier lessons that

these may be recognized at sight, but not necessarily

written from memory. Tone-marks are used, but at

first no notice whatever is taken of them, the boys

being cautioned to depend upon their ear entirely,

and give no heed whatever to the transliteration, except

as a refresher to the memory. Of the success of this

plan there is no doubt. Dr. Bdkins, who did us the

honour to examine the classes in December 1901,

writes thus in his report :—" The pupils whom I heard

read have the tone and Pekin accent. Though all

are foreign boys they seem to catch the tone from

the teacher, a Pekinese belonging to the Imperial city,

much more readily than they would do if they had

begun to learn at, say, 25 years of age."

As soon as the pupil has mastered a score or so

of characters, he is in a position to begin to use

them, and this he is encouraged to do to the utmost

of his power. If early in his career he buys a copy

of Mrs. Arnold Foster's little Dictionary [price $ 1.00,

Kelly & Walsh], he will find therein a suflacient

vocabulary for most practical purposes, and will be

able to construct many more sentences than if he

used this book only. In all the earlier chapters the

INTEODUOTION. lU

system of spelling is that of the dictionary referred

to. But no great amount of care has been taken to

ensure exactitude in this matter. As I have said,

the Romanization from the outset should be looked

upon merely as a remembrancer, and if, for ex-

ample, the Chinese teacher says " ren " for " man "

(as mine distinctly does) then " ren " it must be,

though the Romanization makes it "j^n." So with

" kiang " and " chiang " (a river). So vyith many

others. The differences are a useful lesson in them-

selves, calling attention as they do to variations in

dialect.

It is not intended that the lessons should be taken

necessarily in the order in which they come. In the

first part of the book this is unquestionably , desirable,

but further on the pupil may select for himself those

sections which will prove most useful to him, or, in

the case of schools, the master may take the same

liberty.

Whatever faults critics may discover in this little

primer may deservedly be laid upon my shoulders.

Anything of worth may with equal justice be credited

to my late teachers, Messrs. Chang and Huang, to the

sons of Mr. C. C. Bojesen, who gave me much useful

IV INTRODUCTION.

assistance, and last, but by no means least, to

Dr. J. R. Hykes, who so kindly supervised much of

the proof reading.

GEORGE LANNING.

Shanghai Public School,

January, 1905.

II.

—

Some things worth remembering.

The Chinese language is spoken by 400,000,000 of

human beings, fand in its written form is understood

by still mor^ since many educated Japanese, Koreans,

Annamese, etc., are able to read it.

Each character is a sort of picture of a thought

or idea. The language is therefore called ideographic.

Some 40,000 characters are known, but only about

6,000 are in common use, and a knowledge of a much

smaller number than this, if well selected, is extremely

useful.

Mandarin in some form may be said to be the

dialect of the whole of China, with the exception of

the coast provinces south of the Yangtsze.

INTRODUCTION. V

There are a good many cliaracters that have two

distinct pronunciations. Chinese is said to be mono-

syllabic, but this statement needs some little modifi-

cation. " Mandarin is distinguished by the fact that

nearly all its syllables end with a vowel. Its only

consonantal endings are n and ng."—(Mateer).

Remember that the tone considerably modifies

the pronunciation of syllables sometimes.

Pekinese recognises four tones only. In Southern

Mandarin there are five.

The examples given by Dr. Mateer are as follows:

—

1st tone or _t ^^ Shang p'ing sh6ng ^ ,-Fm

2nd „ -|C2jsgHsia „ ^ ^Fu

3rd ,, ± g Shang sheng ^ 'Fu

4th „ ^ ^Ch'u „ ^Fu'5th >. A ^ J'* " ^ Fuh,

To get them thoroughly and correctly, listen

intently.

You cannot listen too attentively if you want to

speak Chinese like a Chinaman, a remark which applies

to the ordinary convers3tion"'6f daily life equally with

that you have with your teacher. In the streets, shops,

and homes of the people, you hear a true intonation

which no Eomanization can give.

VI INTRODUCTION.

If possible, get Mandarin speaking servants (in

Shanghai somewhat of a difficulty), and as soon as

possible hold communication with them in their tongue,

not your own.

Talking is infinitely better as an exercise than

writing translation. Dr. Mateer's experience regarding

the value of learning to read as well as to speak should

not be forgotten. He says, " It is worthy of remark

that one who- does not learn to read, scarcely ever

learns to speak well."

There is no Chinese grammar to trouble a learner,

but there are certain difficulties to be overcome.

1. As in other languages, there is a right and

wrong way of arranging words and clauses in a

sentence. Sometimes the right way exactly reverses

that of English. This is a matter of prime importance

in which practice only will bring success.

2. It is quite possible to use the exactly correct

words in exactly the right order, and yet not be under-

stood. In that case rhythm or emphasis, perhaps both,

have been at fault. Pronounce the word " impertur-

bability " to any Englishman so that the accents

fall on the syllables " per " and " 11 " and see if he

understands it.

Here again the ear is the great teacher.

INTRODUCTION. VU

3. There are single syllables that are apt to

troubre the foreigner in conversation. Some have

vowel sounds not common in English; sonie, othisf

difficulties. Without correct articulation these are not

€asy to be understood. One forieigiier cart, however,

frequently understand another foreigner's Chinese

better than that of the natives, because of the more

exact articulation.

4. The question of tones has already been

referred to. There are aspirates as well. These need

to be mastered before perfection is attained. A good

€ar and careful attention will usually be sufficient.

III.

—

The Chinese Radicals.

The nearest approach to an alphabet which the

Chinese possess is their collection of radicals or root

characters, and phonetics, or sound characters. The

former should be learnt little by little beginning early

in the course. In Chinese Dictionaries all characters

are arranged under these radicals as though alpha-

betically. It is sometimes difficult, however, even for

a native to tell off-hand which is the radical under

which a certain character will be found. Generally

speaking, the radical is the most striking part of

VUl INTRODUCTION.

the character, and is found on the left rather than

on the right, on the bottom rather than on the top,

outside rather than inside. A good many exceptions

occur, however.

Dr. Edkins, in his Introduction to the Study of

the Chinese Characters [Chap. III.] gives a list

of .1,040 strokes and characters known as Phonetics.

Upon each of these he comments, and the student will

do well, later on, to study carefully the 90 pages

covering this exposition.

These phonetics, as their name implies, are " signs

of sound." Thus in the character ^ Meng (Mencius)

the ^ tsz (child) is the radical, while the ]]]1 min or

ming is the phonetic.

The following is a complete list of the radicals,

214 in number :

—

INTRODUCTION. IX

2 Strokes

7 J^r' (MW *'W0.

8 ^T'ou -^*a cover, a hat.

9 iJSn (H jt A)A -t a man.

10sJe/i JL* a man, the legs of a man.

11 'Ju' y\_ to enter, into.

12 ,sPa A eight.

13 'CMung (HJitE) PI* a limit.

14 Mi' (^ ]^ §) '^* to cover, a cover.

15 ,Ping (pS ifi tK) i *ice, icicle.

16 t'CM JL a bench.

17 'K^an U * a receptacle, a box.

18 ,Tao (S: 7J) 77 1 J a knife, a sword,

19 Li' ij strength.

20 ,Pao -^'to wrap.

21 'Pi {j a spoon, a ladle.

22 (Pan^ (H jIS) C* s* ''^^st, a case.

23 'ITm (H 'M WTH to conceal.

24 iShi + ten.

25 'Pu h t° divine.

26 sC/hV (® 5 7J) P * [2 ^ ^^^^' * J°^°*-

27 jETan' (^ ® ±) f* a ledge, a cliff.

28 ,5i _/^» selfish, perverse.

29 Yiu' y^ and, again.

INTRODUCTION. XI

53 'Yien ((^ Jt) )* ^ roof, a shelter.

54 'Yin ^U* moving on.

55 ^Kung 7y* joined hands,

56 i' -^ a dart.

57 fKung ^ a bow, archery.

58 C/t'j' (-^ lU)3 5t a pig's head, pointed.

59 ,5/*an (H M) :^ hair, plumage.

60 Ch'f (^ jl: A) -^ • a step.

4 Strokes

61 ^Hsin iiji '!"> the heart.

&-2 ,Ki :fe a spear.

63 J^u' P A door.

64 'SAou -^ the hand.

65 ^Cht "^ a branch, a prop.

66 ,P'u (S X) d^ ^* to rap, to tap.

67 jTr^n ^ literature, ornament.

68 ' Tou •t' a peck, a bushel.

69 fChin ft an axe, a catty.

70 iFang ~)j square.

71 jTTm 5P ^ without, not.

72 Ji> the sun, a day.

INTRODUCTION.

73 .Yiie' to Ppeak.

74 Yile' ^ the moon, a month.

75 Mu' ;^ wood, a tree.

76 Ch'ien' ^ to owe, to be deficient.

77 'C/il ih to stop.

78 ' 2ai y '5^ had, vicious.

79 ,5/m "% a pole; to kill.

80 jTTm' ^ to deny ; do not

!

81 'Pi yC to compare.

82 ^Mao % hair, wool. .

83 (SAf ^ family name.

84 CA'e' ^ breath, vapour.

85 'Slmei 7K <|v water.

(Hi5;k) ^7

^^ 'Hwoti ik. fire.

(0 Si A) >^^^

87 'CAao iK ''^claws.

88 Fw ^ father.

89 ^Yao jX, crosswise.

90 ^CliHang 71 * a bed, a frame.

91 P'ien' rT a slice, a splint.

92sFa :^ a tooth.

93 iMu (J;g -^ ^) 4^ a cow, an ox.

94 'Ch'uen "jt a dog.

» (i^ :^ or ;ft ®) ^

INTRODaCTION. XIU

5 Strokes

95 fHsHen 5Z sombre, black.

96 Yu' j5 a gem, a precious stone.

97 fKwa JJk a melon, a gourd.

98 'Wa %. a. tile.

99 ^Kan "H sweet.

100 f^SMng ^ to live, to produce.

101 Yung' ^ to use.

102 ^THen ffl a field.

103 'PH /E a roll of cloth.

104 ,NP (^ ^ ^) iT* disease.

105 ^Poa^ y^* back to back.

106 iPai Q white.

107 jP'i i^ skin, bark.

108 'Mn (M *i) M a dish, a platter.

109 il/w' g JH an eye.

110 jA/ao ^ a halberd, a lance.

111 'SM y^ an arrow, a dart.

112 s^fe ^ a^tone. [revelation.

113 Shf TIT jTT^ ^ divine omen, a

114 'Jbu fSl* a footprint.

115 iHe (^ 7{v)^ grain of any kind.

xiv INTRODUCTION.

116 ^Hsile' (^iJiSi) f^ a cave, a den.

117 Li' JUL to set up, to erect.

6 Strokes

118 iChu (-tJi^li) It the bamboo.

119 'Mi ^ rice.

120 ,Si m m ^* ^ J^aw silk.

121 'Fou ^ crockery.

122 'Wang ^* 101^^ a net.

123 iYang ^ a

124 'Yil ^ wings, feathers.

125 'Lao ^ old.

126 iJ&r tfij still, yet.

127 'Lei ^ a plow.

128 'A ^ the ear.

129 Fit' ^ a pen, a pencil.

130 Jou' 1^ ^ flesh, meat.

131 ^Ch'en K a statesman.

132 Tsf © self.

133 Chi' M. to, to arrive.

134 Chiu^ ^ a mortar.

335 iShi ff the tongue.

136 'Ch'wan ^ to oppose, error.

137 ,Chon -^ a boat, a ship.

INTRODUCTION. XIX

16 Strokes

212 *Lung f| a dragon.

213 fKwei ^ a tortoise, a turtle.

17 Strokes

214 Yod' "^ a flute, a pipe.

Note.—This arrangement, with the transliteration, ia borrowed

from Dr. Mateer's admirable " Primary Lessons in Mandarin.''

The asterisks denote characters no longer used independently.

EASY STEPS IN CHINESE STUDIES.

LESSON I.

On Number.

T .IKE Europeans, the Chinese count in tens, and

their numbers run exactly like ours till they reach

ten thousand, for which they have a separate word

not known to English. This changes the subsequent

counting, and must be carefully remembered by the

pupil.

Numerical expressions in Chinese frequently vary

from ours. Where, for example, we say "two or three,"

they often say, "three two" (HPM flSl c^*** 'Hang ko'),

dropping the " or," and placing the larger number first.

So, " thirteen or fourteen " is translated "f* ^ 29 fI3

shih, fSan sz^ ko' where the " ten " is omitted from the

" fourteen."

In this and all subsequent exercises the Romanized

sound of a character will, as a rule, be given once

only. The learner must, from the very first, study the

characters sufficiently well to be able to recognize them.

3


1

EAST STEPS IN CHINESE STUDIES.

A few *p 'shao, ^fi ^ puh, ^to.

Some H 'igl Jd ko\ ^ ^ 'ijiu ^sie or 'yiu iji\ ,sil

Many ^ ,to, iff- ^ 'hao ,sid.

None 7^ ^ ?)iit/jj '^^m.

Very Jg Hing, ^_g View,-f- ^ sliih, Jan.

Ex. 1.—Translate :

—

Hi* eg, %-Yii^ 1:+/^, -b+-,A+ ^'L, M+, HW, -W*/Xsw-fc+r, -hws+i:, AWH+0,

-wm. 5^m-ti=-«A+ :^, HW2L+,

Ex. 2.—Count witli the teacher from 1 to 100 in 2"?,

3's, 4's, 5's, 6's, 7's, 8's and 9's.

Ex. 3.—Translate into Chinese :

—

yi, 82, 73, 64, 55, 46, 37, 28, 19, 101, 203, 304,

405, 506, 607, 708, 809, 1,000, 1,001, 2,010, 3,500,

6,044, 9,872, 10,000, 11,000, 11,100, 36,409, 78,069,

90,008, 100,000, 1,000,000, 736,451, 9,876,543.

Ex. 4.—Count from 1 to 100 in ordinal numbers ; thus,

^ —, ^ ::!, The lirst, The second, etc.

BAST STEPS IW CHINESE STUDIES.

LESSON II.

Some Nouns and their Classifiers.

(LINGULAR and plural nouns have the same form

in Chinese.

A classifier is a word placed before a noun to refer

it to a certain class. We have some classifiers in

English, usually for plural or collective nouns, such as

herd, pack, coveij, etc. But in Chinese they are

constantly used both for singular and plural, and the

learner must take particular care to use them correctly,

for it would sound as ridiculous to a Chinaman to

hear a wrong classifier as it would to an Englishman

to say "a covey of elephants."

In the course of these lessons the most common will

be given. \_See Mrs. Arnold Foster's Dictionary,

p. 1.] The classifier 'jjg ho', may be used with most

nouns.

The following vocabulary must be well mastered

before proceeding to the exercises which follow. The

EAST STEPS IN CHINESE STUDIES. 5

characters will, however, be repeated frequently enough

in subsequent exercises to impress them on the

memory.

One man


One teacher < tlh^.sienshang

\ —' ^ 3E^ " w<^i' csien ^sliany

Have; There is, etc. /§ ' ij'lu

How many ? ^ ^) ^ ^ e^o '«^'«o ; 'ki <(o

Ex. 5.—Cover up the Romanized pronunciation, and

read with the teacher the nouns in the preceding

lesson thus (in Chinese) " One man," "Two women,"

etc. over and over again till you reach a hundred.

Ex. 6.—Eead as in Ex. ,5, thus, "There is a man;'" There are two women," etc. ^ —

' f@ A-

Ex. 7.—Eead as in Ex. 5, using both forms of the

question "How many," and givini;- an answer thus :

"How many men are there'"? ^ ^ ^P \, ^^m A, "There are ten men " W + 10 A-

Ex. 8.—Read as in /::",)•. 7, giving the following answers

thus : How many men aic theie ?

There are no men tx W A„ „ a few men W A 'f* ^,, ., some men W ^ A

„ many men ^ $f ^ f@ A„ very many men ^ tS ^ fili A


E,r. 9 :—

W H i^ EQ W 3£+ A li <I> i& ia> ^'PMM'

TT.c. 10 :—

-iiM, >ff ts^^. mffi±^- ^-m, mmn'f.


LESSON III.

Personal Pronouns.

jnHERE is no difference in Chinese between he, she,

and it.

The natives avoid the use of " you " to superiors,

just as we in England say "j-our Lordship," or "your

Grace."

I, me


We, us

10 EASY STEPS IN CHINESE STUDIES.

And thus :—This cat is my own. That dog is your

own, etc.

,, ,, .—I myself have, etc. You j'ourself have,

etc.

Kv. 12.—Translate into Ohinese :—

1.—There are 10 l)rido;es. 2.— 1 have ^1,000.

3.—He has a dog. 1.—^The wheelbarrow is mine.

.').—The teacher has some books. G.—His carriage.

7.—Your own bool^. S.—They want ,50 bamboos.

9.— They have 100 knivfs. lO.^How many dollars

do you want ? I want 6'12. 11.—There is one river;

there are five bridges. 12.—This cat is yours.

13.—That dog is hi<. 14.—There is a pagoda.

1.').— I have a carriage. 16.—No books ; a few

books ; some books ; many books ; very manybooks. 17.—She has a cat. IS.—This chair is hers.

19.—The knife is her own. 20.—That woman has

many dollars.

E.r. 13 :—

^ti^m^mn m it -t , nn ri^m ?, % n ^ »,

EASY STEPS IN CHINESE STUDIES. 11

Ex. 14 :—

m^m^m^, mmm^^m^, wm'i-^^^^

m^-mm, n^-m.nm, mMfii^ts?,

Kr. 15 :—

-mm, mmm^ ^mrr^, mmn^f, ^myij-,

fmm, -kmm, /\m^A, :^mK -ti^^ii?,

-is-i-mM, -=f-m-fmm, i:w*-*«,m-mK mi:m?% mnffiuu, mmmu,


LESSON lY

Adjectives.

'•TT'D.JECTIVES may be compared 1»y prefixing various

/ adverbs, e.ij. ^, 5t, ^5, iS' ^^eng\ ijeu\ tsaP, Jud

and ]g, ^, ^, ^g, tf/(/, tsiii', 'hen and sometimes

adding ^^ for the superlative.

The translation of such sentences as, " This is better

than that," rnns in Chinese thus, " Tliis compared witii

{^) tliat i^ better."

Opposites may be expressed by prefixing 7f\ I'uh,,

thus : 7ft ^ pull, 'hao (not good) means bad.

The adjective ^ has an almost endless number of

meanings. Whatever is right, proper, correct, etc.

is Itf

.

The Chinese frequently double the adjective for the

sake of additional force. When this is done the double

words often have the effect of adverbs; thus : 'j^ maii\

(slow) becomes inait' man'' li/i^ (slowly).


The character ft^ tlh* added to names of substances

has the effect of

—

en in English, and makes adjectives.

Thus : lead, becomes leaden. ^ ^kin (gold), ^kin tih,

(golden).

Good, bad ^ ; ^, /fj J^ ' hao ; 'tai, pu/i^

' hao

Old, young


Ex. IG.—Read with the teacher in Chinese the

vocabulary pp. ."> and (j, using with the nouns suitable

adjectives, thus :—The man is old ; The woman is

young, etc. etc. MÛ^^ K^ MMiC KÛ\^'p and thus :—The woman is old; The man is

older ; The teacher is oldest, etc. M 113 AA ;^^ 5

E^c. 17.—As before, thus :— I have a good knife. He

has a new chair, etc., using all the pronouns in turn

E.I-. 18.—As before, thus :—This hill is high, that is

iovv,etc.affiUj^!/Kîijfa-

Ex. 19.—As before, thus :—JSome books arc cheap.

Many hills are high, etc. W ^ * ^ S 11 W

XoTE.—The followiiif; exercises may be read in any ordev.

Those in reading from the character should lie most carefully

liractised, the pupil listening most attentively to the teacher's

pronunciation and intonation.

Before the pupil has pot through them he will probably bopleased to tind that with the few words he has learnt so far he is

able to express a great variety of ideas.


Ex. 20.—As before, thus :—How many old men are

there? M^'P^K-

E.r. 21.—As before, thus :—There is one old man.

There are two young women, etc.—going through the

numbers up to forty.

E.v. 22.—As before, thus :—The hill is higher than the

pagoda, etc. jlJlfct^i^.

Ex. 23.—As before, thus :—The older, the better. The

cheaper, the better, etc. ;@^M$i""-

E.v. 24.—As before (vocabulary pp. 2 and 12), thus :

—

The first is good, the second is bad, etc. etc.—going

over the adjectives till you reach " tlie fortieth."

This exercise may be repeated thus :—The first is

bad, the second is worse, the third is worst, etc.

Ex. 25 :—


Ex. 2G :—

m m ^hM^^ m

m

is, m s P5 ^ if m

,

E.I', il :—

mmmpitmmmpam mm ^^utrnm ?vh,

wmtiit?, ^--^mm^^, -^mm^^-

Ej: 28 :—

m m ^h M^-^mm, fr^ m m p ^^ w,fn 6^ pg ;i m m, ^^ n m m ^ m m m

EASY STEtS IN CHINESE SltJBiES. 1?

Ei: 29 :—

m.m^ mm, m:k, mm, ^imxi^, n&^mmm^m> m:k, m^h mmm&, mm, mmmm, 'im, mrnkm, mmhrnm, nm^m^i


LESSON V.

Verbs.

"ORBIGN students learning Chinese must be pre-

pared for wide differences between the grammatical

usages of European languages and those of Chinese.

They must be on the look-out for them, and should

make notes of such as they discover.

In this chapter we shall glance at some of the

commonest methods of indicating tense, but it must be

remembered that unless a Chinese verb has some

special tense particle joined with it, it may denote

the present, past, or future, according to the general

meaning of the sentence.

The commonest particles denoting the past tense are

17 liao', and E ^S'*'

f^«X<7- The former denotes

completeness, tlie latter past time in the sense of

something being already done. Liao' always follows a

verb preceded by '^' ,kiny, but is frequently used

without, and sometimes is employed merely for the


sake of euphony. In conversation it is frequently

shortened to la\

j^ kwo' is also used before "J" liao'.

^ "y 'mai la\ bought ; have bought.

B ^SM 7 '' (fiing 'mai la', have already bought.

^ f 'si<^ la\ wrote ; have written.

B ^M^ T '*c^*'*5'

****' ^'^\ hdi.\e already written.

Common future auxiliaries are ^ yao', want ; tj^pih^,

or pih^ yao\ must ; g|£ toa' approach ; and ^ ^tsiang.

These are sometimes combined, e.g., pih^ yao'; ^tsiang

yao'.

M 5^SS (iT^ing ftien yao' kHV, to-morrow want go,

i.e. I, you, he, etc. will go to-morrow.

B9^ iEi'^ ,mm^ itien pih^ kHV, must go to-morrow.

BJ^i^>lc^ .' " " yao'k'ii' „

S Ml^ c*"" ^^^^'^ ^''"''-' ^''^ S° (j'^st now).

fm^^ c*« (tsiang k'il', He will go (immediately).

T^gt (tsiang tsiu' is also used in the sense of being

willing to accommodate.

fiH^ 5lf (Ml c^^ /)M/i, ftsiang tsiu\ He is unwilling, etc.

Tense auxiliaries are omitted when unnecessary.

Thus: ^"^fi^^ ,ta puh^kHl' may mean that "he will

not " or " has not gone." ^ @9^S 'wo I'mir^ ctien til

\

20 EAST STEPS IN CHINESE STUDIES.

means " I am going " or " will go to-morrow," without

the use of the yao'-

In asking questions the Chinese use interrogative

particles rather than tones ; e.g. flUj^ T ^ t'^'* ^"* l^

^meli. Has he come? where the ^meh has no meaning

whatever, but is merely a sign of the direct question.

To go ^ k'il'

„ come 5jj (lai

„ make ; do fij^ Iso'

„ buy ^ ' mai

,, sell ^ mai^

,, teach ^ lian'

,, write ^ \vi'

„ read j^ nii'ii'

„ „ (silently) ^^ /.'an\shu

„ bring ^ Jjf ,)!a ,?ue

„ take ^ ^ (?ia tii'

„ pay (bill) iM M Jiwan cJiavg'

,, „ (wages) ^X^ ' ki ^kung ,ts'ien

; see ^ _^ iW kim'

., reckon ^ Sican'

„ count ^ 's/jM

» say |g s/n«o/ij

„ tell § 1^ /mo' sm>


E.r. 30.—Read with the teacher through the above Kst,

using first "J" liao', and then Q ^ '«'c^i"-9f ^nd using

the English translation, thus: ^^j^T 'wo tii'

Java' la', I went, or I have gone, andfl!l BM£ T

^t'a H (king k'ii' la\ He has already gone or been, etc.

Vary the pronouns.

Ex. 31.—Read thus round the class or with the teacher

%^M'^i A'ti' ,meh. Answer ' Wo ¥u\

Ex. 31a.—Read similarly using all the future forms.

E,v. 32.—Combine into short sentences the verbs and

nouns in Lessons V and II.

E.v. 33.—Prepare sentences to be used with the verbs

here given (Lesson V) thus :—They read (silently).

The man counts. Tell the man to come. Teach

him to write, etc., etc. Translate them into Chinese,

and read them to your teacher.

Ex. U :—

n^n^^^ m^^T*, nnmmi


LESSON VI.

Verbs .

—

(continued).

JFHE following are some examples of the simple uses

of words in the foregoing exercises.

ftasT ,t'a k'ii' la'

' ni Jai Ic'an'

'luo tso' ti/i,

'mai kHl' la'

'ni mai' 'ke 'wo

'wo Jai kiao' 'ni

'ni 'sic tili^ ,meh

He is gone.

Come and look.

1 did (or made)it.

Gone to buy.

You sell to me.

I (have come to)

teach you.

Did you write it?

(fa viiiJi^ nien' kwo^ ^shu He has never read

(before).

J:'atsainarhk'an^fShu He is reading

there.

(Ha Jai la' ^meli Has (he) brought

(it)?


E^^TST '* i ^^^9 ^nala' kîi ' la ' Already taken

away.

^ fi^ iSMT '*"" ^'^'> cliang' Jiwan la" My bill is already

paid.

SSSaX^ muh, 'M ^kung ^ts'ien Wages not paid.

55cMS".^ '"'o niuhi k'an' kien' 1 did not see (it).

^jMT swan' hco' la' (He) has reckoned

(it).

MMM(.T c/te' /oo' 'shu la' This has beencounted.

"0^8^^îl^ 'ni shwohj slii' 'to 'shao How many doyou say ?

f3^@ liHo fiti'ni kao' suîoo tih

,You told me.

5KJKSS

M5KMS

(Zai (lai k'ii' k'il'

^na Jai ^na kHi'

nien' J,ai nieti' k'

k'an' yih^ kân'

' mai J,ai 'mai k'ii

swan' yili^ twaa'

Coming and go-

ing.

Fetching andcarrying.

Reading over andover again.

Take (or have)

a look.

Buying and sell-

ing.

Reckon (and see

how much).

24 EASY STEPS IN CHINESE SitUDllES.

Ex. 35.—Construct as many sentences as you can on

the model given in Lesson VI.

Ex. 36.—Translate :—I see the pagoda. I want to go.

He bought the house. You must read. Do you

want to buy my dog ? My carriage is dirty. Pay

my bill. Tell him to go. Tell them to come.

Count the dollars. Bring my book. Take away this

rope. Men are coming and going. Do you see

the hill? Teach me to read. Look at your book.

He says yon made it. They say we are small. I

see this is bigger than that. Do you want to buy a

cheap chair ? The cheaper the better. We ourselves

are going. You must come yourselves. They can

do it themselves. I shall buy the cat myself. She

sold the book herself. The teacher himself taught

me. I wrote it myself. This book is my own.

That wheelbarrow is your own. He counted ^3,4;.53.

N.B.—When you have once mastered the words given in theforegoing lessons, do not confine j'ourself to them in writing yourexercises, tut use your dictionary freely.

(.N.B.—The translation of these and similar exercises will drawyour attention to the fact that the arrangement of a Chinesesentence frequently difl'ers very much from that of the samesentence in English, You should note these difiurences verycarefully.)

BAST STEPS JS CHINESE STUDIES. 25

LESSON VII.

Prepositions and Postpositions.

TTS in English, prepositions go before their nouns,

' postpositions follow them. Many of the preposi-

tions are also used as verbs.

5

tsai

tsai

tsai

tsai

tsai

tsai

tsai

tsai

tsai

' ^kia

' shang ^t'eu

yuen^ 'tsz 'li

' hia' (t^eu

' ^shu (fang 'li

"li (t'eu

' wai' (t'eu

^ lieu' ft'eu

' (tsHen (teu

at home.

(at) upstairs

;

above.

in the yard.

below.

in the library.

inside.

outside.

after, behind.

before, in front.

fts'ung Pehj ^king tao' from Pekin to

Shan' 'hai Shanghai.

tsai' shu' shang on the book.

tsai' (Shu 'ti hia' under the book.


iEffiF3lu

filiHng {fih'ang) Hi f.'-eu in the city.

fs^ung Jang 'tsz shang' to fly over the

Jet kioo' house.

Ji 'wo tih^ fkia kin' near my house.

ching^ tsai\'man ^tsHen just before the

door.

pe/ij ^mdn wai' outside the

north gate.

^chwan kwo' k'ii' to go through.

Ex. 37 :—

^^mmm,' m^±mm, mmMum±,

WHMI5& C^' ^«^ literally 'U road), mM&W^TW^

Ex. 38.—The teacher is at home. The dog is in the

yard. Upstairs there are three chairs. Go below.

lu the library I have 1,000 books.

* Note.—The P/3|i na' in the first sentence is without special

meaning, but completes an answer.


Put the dollar under the book.

)) ,) Bear ,, ,,

He has gone outside to read. Just before the door

there is a carriage. The teacher came from Pekin to

Shanghai. We buy our books in the city. He has a

house in the city. Go before me. Come after me.

Near my house there is a bridge. Outside, cold;

inside, hot. Outside the north gate we saw fifty men.

On the hill there is a pagoda. In the pagoda there is

a chair. On the chair there is a book. Under the

book there is a knife.

28 EAST STBPS IN CHINESE STUDIES.

LESSON VIII.

Time.

^ H ) "1*5^ f ^^" J^K ! .^''"-

t^'^ to-day.

RBB>B9^ (ining jell,; fining (t'ien to-morrow.

B'pQjH'p^ tsohjeh,; tsoh it'ien yesterday.

b3H)B35^ (tsîen jeh^; (ts'ien ^t'ien the day before

yesterday.

^B'tS^ heu' jell,; heu\tîen the day after

to-morrow.

11^. ifi^B 'lipai';'lipaPjeh, Sunday.

Si^— " " y«'') Monday.

jE_^ ^chûng yiieh^ the first month.

Zl ^ ''''^'*

1) i> second „

* The %o> in tbege ezpresBioDB is Pelunese.


m^


li^mn^^xa m^nm^w, f^^cnatis,

Ex. 40 :—"

^^^m-, m-^mwzi, m^^^^^h, ii^h

:f<m^B-tVi, ^hm^H-fiiJi, -if^i-rLMJi,

U.v. 41.—I will come to-day. He must go to-morrow.

They saw him yesterday. To-day is Sunday. To-

morrow will be Monday, the day after to-morrow

will be Tuesday. Yesterday was Saturday, the day

before yesterday was Friday. The third of the

eighth moon. The thirteenth of the fifth moon.

The first of the sixth moon. The thirtieth of the

next moon. Last moon was the third moon. Next

moon will be the fifth ; this is the fourth. A"great" moon has 30 days. A "small" moon has 29

days. This year there is an intercalary moon.

There are four weeks in a month. There are twelve

months in a year. A week has seven days.


LESSON IX.

Time .

—

(continued.)

^^ cA'mw (tHen spring.

^5'C ^"'*')> summer.

^^ (<«'m „ autumn.

^ 5^ , itttifjr „ winter.

^ sz' ki' the four seasons.

^^ k'u\nien last year.

89 ^ ,m2«(7 „ next „

^^^ lieu' „ ,, „ butone.

'l|tji^

Jili'zeH „ the year before

last.

-"JZ, yih^^tHen one day.

—'MiSiS)

—'"FiS yih^Hien ^churtg; yihj one hour.

Ida' ^ohung

— ^ y/Aj j/((n one minute.

—• ^Ij „ it'o' a quarter of an

hour.

^ ffi M pan' '<ien ^chung a half-hour.

H, T* @ ^san Ida' „ 3 o'clock.

32 EAST STEPS IN CHINESE STDDIES.

^ cl5^ i^ S^ ^<^^ '^^^^ (Chung kwd' 3.05 o'clock.

'i«M ^fun

^ rii5—

' ^'J (San'tien yih, k'o' 3.15 ,,

HS—fIji^+H^ c««« '^2«« «/2^', k'o' kwo' 3.28 „s/«'A, ^san ^fdn

^ ffi^@ (*'"»* '*'^'' far^ filiung 3.30 „

^MAS^J ^sanHien t^sanUo^ 3.45 „

iiW5£^:gE9Til <^M«W '*"« c/«« s^«' 3.55 „sz ' hia

' , chung

?• JE; -^-ft 'tsao'kH'tsao ;Chan morning.

_t^ p^ shang' pan' ^Vien the forenoon.

T^^ Am' „ „ „ afternoon.

5^ Pllj 'wan shang'

yi' 'U, heh^ Ida'

pan ye

,, evening.

at night ; in the

dark.

midnight.

Ex. 42 :—

mmmm^mmmr, -x-^^ni-mrm,-MAa^A+^, -ymmmm, mhmMum,


^^^m, m^i^m, r^^cmt, bu^b^bibi.

Z«. 43 :—

Twelve o'clock midnight. I don't read in the dark.

In the evening, 1 will come. They write in the

morning. The woman comes in the forenoon. Bring

me the book in the afternoon. Come at 4.20 p.m.

I will pay your wages at half-past five. This year

is . Last year was . Next year will be

. The next year but one will be

Sixty minutes make an hour ; twenty-four hours,

one day. The four seasons are spring, summer,

autumn, winter. There are three months in spring.

Summer months are hot. Winter is cold.

Ex. 44 :—

Read round the clock the time between seven and

eight, thus :—Seven o'clock ; one minute past seven,

etc., etc. After passing the half-hour read both ways,

e.g. Thirty-one minutes past seven, or Twenty-nino

minutes to eight.

34 EASY STKPS IN CHINESE STUDIES.

LESSON X.

Additional Verbs.

9®' So ^


^


Do you remember? No, I don't remember. Heforgot to bring his book. Walk slowly. Eun home.

I think he owes ^100. Do you know this character ?

I don't understand. Look for your book in the

library. I have found it. Ask him to give you a

dollar. He will lend, he will not give. Please come

in. I shall invite ten men. I promise to give you

a dollar. Don't borrow, don't lend. He will build

a small house. They want to build a pagoda. Heowes me five cash. The man gave the woman a

chair.

Ex. 48 :—

'-fmrnm, t^s-, f5;S7^^^*if, i^^mmmmm-m, ^^Mmmr^m^, mm'i^mmm% m^.itmmmm, mfmmm-mmmmmmw7&, mt£mi:mm, 9t^


LESSON XI.

Conjunctions.

JjHHE following are examples of the use of some of

the commonest Chinese conjunctions. The learner

will notice in conversing with natives that they

frequently omit such conjunctions as " and, but, or,"

etc. where we should use them in English. Dr. Mateeu

isays there is no "and" in Chinese, and that the word

^p haP, is used in place of it by foreigners more

frequently than is necessary. It may be mentioned as

an example of the varying uses of the same word

that the character ^p haV has in Pekin three sounds,

and more than three meanings.

In the exercises which follow, note carefully such

differences as you meet iwith both in the uses of

the Chinese words, and in the idioms of the two

languages.


The new characters are in brackets.

i^fOffii; i^haP). I and he.

i^ ffl fdl ^. You go with him.

® Is] '0^ ; ([rI ii'ung). I with you, or I and you.

flil In]^ i- He goes with me.

^ B^^ n^- Both food and drink.

5H<K^ He ; (S' ^ slên, dai,). Both you and I.

ficiB^; (iSs^'Ô- I still want

?oS'&' I have (some) yet.

fi^'lil^ ; (-fll'y'*-')- I also go ; I am going too.

f5^^ fffli i!ll<- You want (it) ; he also wants it.

M^fljl; (iato«0. Only he.

^ ai^W PH f@- There are only two.

:^\B.Âm!lt^^lMl {UM.k'oâw/'lsîe). Not

only is he a good man, moreover he has money

;

ijr lie has inoney besides.

^ ia m ^ JR m it S P A ^ ?K- He net only

doesn't come himself, but he tells other men not

to come.

afm^mftiffia^^^ ; mM.,rh <tsHe). This

is not only dear ; it is bad as well.

v^m^mmm^^-, (n^, mm /««o'; tao' ui). i

called him, and yet (but) he won't come,

go either to-day or to-morrow.


-T* ^^ Si/t^ "(S- I^ it' i** 110*' liigli) then it is low.

SK^ SK M- Either long or short.

'^ fl^MM^ g'JA ; (PJE' giJ < «*' cP'^/O- Is it you,

or is it another man ?

:^C 65^^ ''> 65 -Hi^ $f I'he large are bad, so are

the small.

-^ffiWlJj-^ffiWM; (ffi mien'). On the one

side hills, on the other tlie river.

mm^r^m^^^'jui^^^m; mm, m <vir>

>cei\ ^nang). Because I cannot go, you must go.

nmmmm^Xnn-Am\;).'^o H). Because (he)

has money, therefore he can buy.

JS ta m^^^ ?K ; (5S ta ' ^^'^"^9 P«0- I fear he

will not come to-day.

% >JK» ^tS JS ta fai^ 3fS ; (M'

teh). You must go

lest he doesn't come.

^^r^T^r^^-^n, i^ ting'). Whether he

will come or not, is uncertain.

E.X. 49 :—

(not the same), ^m%^^^^%^^ ^'^


Kr. 50.—Using any previously learnt words, prepare

sentences to be read to the teacher, each sentence

containing a conjunction.

E.v. 51.—Translate :—He and I. He and you. You

and she. Thou and I. Ours and yours. Theirs

and mine. I will go with you. He came with me.

Both the dog and the cat are mine. Both the hill

and the pagoda are high. I still want ,$10. I have

three books yet. The teacher is going ; I am going

too. The carriage is dear, (but) the wheelbarrow is

cheap. There are only three days. Only he knows

it. Not only is the pagoda high ; it is beautiful

Qhao k'an') as well ; or, The pagoda is not only high.

EASY STEPS IN CHINBSK STUDIES. 41

but beautiful. I looked for him and yet I couldn't

find him. Either this mouth or next, you must pay

your bill. Either he or you must go. If the door is

not mine, it is yours. The man is either good or bad.

Is the chair his or yours ? The rivers are wide, so

are the bridges. The cat is yours, so is the dog.

On one side good, on the other side bad. On this

side there is the hill, on that, the pagoda. I want

to buy this book, because it is very good. Because

you don't understand you don't remember. You

must understand lest you forget afterwards. I

don't know whether he ate or not ; whether he slept

or not ; whether he went or not.


LESSON XII.

Additional Nouns for Practice.

Bi, 5fC M- Jeh^^Veu, f-aP ^yancf, the sun.

M^^^W- Yileh^ Hang', t'ai' ci/in, the moon.

B ^ fli ?K T- J^^^> s*'«" ch'uhj Jtai, sun rises.

H M^T- J^^^i it'eu lao' la, sun sets.

^ M- cS*" J/M^'*)! new moon.

Jl ^. (Yuen yiieh^, full moon.

S M- c Sincf (Sing, stavs.

^ jlj. (T 'iVns/io, milky way.

j^. 'Shut, water.

^. 'llai, sea.

;5 ^> jl3^ 7 •sChiang

j c/i'ao, ^ c/t'ao ^Zaj k, the

rising tide.

^ 5IH' }^jM7- -^"^o' ^cli'ao, ^ch'ao f-uP la, the

falling tide.

® BH ]®- '-^^ s^'^" s'"^'wharf, jetty.

M' IF M- '-^"j ^""'^ '.y") rain, to rain.

§, "f*^. Siieh^, Ilia' siieh^, snow, to snow.


M|. M Jii- <-f««5'» t^'ô* c/w^'j î'^<^' windy.

3^^. fTHen A'«', weather.

j^ ^. ^Hai 'tsz, boy, child.

25:^. 'iVus'rA, girl.

J^ fj. 5 Faw^s/jaw(/, a foreign firm.

iS tx ^Sil' <-^'''* s^'ffl«5'; itsHen p'u', a bank ; an

exchange shop.

"* B£ M- ^*^'j /''^''j ''"'*' ^ horse, or pony.

^^ H- ^'** t,!/"'5' kwoJi^, England.

^S A- c^''"5' AwoA, ijen, Englishmen.

3?SSS- (^'''^9 kwoh^ hwa\ English.

/^ Ih ®- Ta\cliung kwoh^, G\ana,.

'f' ^ A- ^Chung liwoh^ ^jen, Chinamen.

pjt Q |g. JChung hwoh , /itoa , Chinese.

'^^. tZTttfan /jwa'. Mandarin.

E":);. 52 :—

i% S»z« = every), i53H sK 1^H»M ff >g , ^ IS

^± (M cF«n=side), ^?ciS;K:^Sfia;gJS(JE tsuh,= enough, quite), B^^^» ii ji ?g =fg :;^

J'^Hu^'hdn fa'= current very strong), a^T^^Î]

Ts, m^mMi> m^^mm (itM=tot),


^ aA fa i» il A -^ i^ (-« ,!//A.^jam, '= the

same), W tf 1* ffl AifctfiSf 6^ ^ HI i5. ^^1*

Ex. 5.3.—There is one sun. It rises at six o'clock.

The new moon is small. The full moon is large.

Tlie moon sets at 3 o'clock. There are many stars.

You can count thousands of stars. We can see the

milky way. I want some water to drink. The sea

is wider than a river. The tide is rising, or coming

in. The tide is ebbing or going out. There are

twenty men on the jetty. We are going to the

wharf. To-morrow it will rain. It rained last

night. It snows in winter. The weather is windy.

This little boy is mine. The girl is not mine. Two

hundred children came to Shanghai. The foreign

firm buys and sells. I think this is a bank. This

house is an exchange-shop. The horse walks, the

pony runs. Are you going to England ? No, I do

EASY STEPS IN CHIWESE STUDIES. 45

not understand English. There are many Englishmen

in China, but not many Chinese in England. Some

Chinese understand English. China is bigger

than England. Do you understand mandarin ? 1

understand it, but I cannot speak it.


LESSON XIII.

Interrogatives.

li. ;Sii- iShui. Shi' ,shui? Who? Who is it?

W&^' fi^^SHifi^- iShui till,. Che' ^shit shi'

^shui tihy Whose ? Whose hook is this ?

M fia- % g-Mm $• 'iV« '^o\ 'M. yao' 'na Hang'

fCh'S. Which? Which carriage do you want?

K S, Wi^MMM- '5''*""'

' '""• (T'a yao"mai

shun' 'mo. What ? What does he want to buy ?

5^»M ^. ilgS® 69- ^^c"*' '^0 y<^ng\ Tsdn' 'mo

yang' tso' tihy How ? How is it done ?

^. ^MfiilT- '^»- '^^«' '^^'«" <c/iMn^ la. Howmany? AVhat (how many) o'clock is it?

^- ^^- Jo- Jo Jcao. How? How high?

'mo. (Kin ,t'ien ^fa ivei' shan' 'mo puh^ ^lai.

Why ? Why does he not come to-day ?


M^ ^Mf^>M^tS-\S&- '-î* 'î siang shan

'

'mofChok 'hao fUi.

^%tl^^^- Slip 'ni tih^ puJi^ sId'. Is it yours

or not?

g^g. Yao' pult, yao\ (Do you) want (it or)

not?

IBS, %XMM.^- '-^« 'U- 'Ni shang' 'na 'U

kû'. Where? Where are you going

?

^ .51, fa^ ifia fi^ A- 'Na.rh. ,T'a slu"na ,rh

tihj Jen. Where? What place? What place

does he belong to ?

i^^M^^- 'Ni , ts'ung ' na , rh , lai. Where

do you come from ?

^ B$> ^ B|f M ^- 'Ki ,shL 'Ki ,shi tao' tih,.

When ? When (will he) arrive ?

^Pi> f^K^PtS- cô rtsmi. 'Nl ,to ,tsan til'.

When ? When are you going ?

M' l!l>?Klf M#- itioh. 'm ,lal 'yen Jioh sld\

What. What business have you here ?

M ^ Sll> fi :^ fSl ^ iHl A- iHoh 'tang ,Uh. J'ashP JioW- tang ^tih Jen. What kind? What sort

of man is he ?

* (^N.B.— Ni is merely an interrogative particle. It may beused at the end of questions not needing " yes " or " no " for answer.The sentence given means : Which or what do you think better ?)


Mffl) ^fBlffl- s^^o/t yiing\ 'Yeu Jioh yung\

What use is it ?

""^BcJJfiSS- c-^ ding^ yao' 'too k'u' ^muh.

Must I go ?

m^f^^JS- Jing Mi 'wo ^'w' c'««^'- Oug^t

I to go ?

pT iil' ^ RI Jil£ iS- ' ^^'o ''t'o '« *'«' (mM/«- May

or Can I go ?

ftP^'/TI^- ^Nik'-u'puh)tu\ Are you going or

not?

•^^ Jg. 'iVi ^'m' (?n»/i. Are you going ?

i^A'. 54 :

—

M la fi* SI A pg ^ Bg, '>^ ^ f<i^ _fc IK » £,

:^£^-^, fiff5DTJ^*@. fitlff^^j-aiRia

EASY STEPS IN CHINESE STDDIKS. 4£

Ex. 55.—Who is that man? Whose chair is this!

Which book do you want ? What is he looking for;

How do you write it? How much o'clock is it I

What time did you come ? How large is the

carriage ? How high the pagoda ? Why do yor

run ? Which book do . you think the best ? Is this

dog his or not ? Do you want the boy or not i

Where is the girl ? What place do you come from I

I come from England. Where are you going? ]

am going to Pekin. When did the Chinaman arrive!

He came last night at nine. When are you goino

to the bank ? I am eoiug at eleven. What business

have you at the bank ? What sort of rope did yoi]

buy? What use is the pagoda? Must the smal.

boy go ? Ought the girl to come to-morrow ? Can

you read? Do you remember or not? We arc

going. Are you ?


LESSON XIV.

Adverbs of Time.

W P^lJ ?R- tKang ^ hang ^ lai, just come.

^ ^> ^P ^, ^ l5£, ^ IS- Sien' , kin, Jil ,

Un, Men

'

tsaP, rfang ^ts'ai, now.

[p] ^. Hiang' ^lai, hitherto.

Ip] SJ IS ff • Hiang\lai 'hun 'hao, hitherto it has

been all right.

^ gif. sTsûng ; is'wn, formerly.

^SBUfiSE?3W^- iTs'ung ^tsHen cliP ^rh ^meli

^yiu ^k'iao, formerly there was no bridge here.

® Sli ® B$- Tsan^ ^ts'ieh, tsan' ^sJd temporarily.

S^ ^ 'f* S- Tsan^ jtsîeli 'wo ^puli yao', for the

present I don't want it.

f^, f^^. Beu'', lieu\lai, after, afterwards.

^> t5E ^, 156 :§:• /^'^''> /^*' £>"' î' sM\ already.

"l^KSE^WT- '-^* ki' Jan'yiu Ja. You have it

already.


-^.. ^M^ ^.^MCi- H^^^^K h.wuk Jan (suddenly)

liwuh^ Jan ^f'a Jai Ja. He came suddenly.

W' Ji W- cC'^'M) 'c^'^ (Ch'u, at first, at the beginning.

-T* Wa f^ H*- c^uh lun^ kH' ^shi, no matter when.

^ HJ. ' Yiu 5 shi, sometimes.

^ '^, HJ '^.sShi

scli'ang, ; cli^ang j ch'anc/, always.

j^ H$ ^- '-STm j sAi , kien, in ancient times.

^ ^ 1^. ^To ^sJiao ts'z\ How many times ?

!H PS ^- c'S«"i 'Ziaw^ is's^ two or three times.

li #[^. liM 'ff- ' ^«''"5' c w"' ''5«"'*5' ! »»«'' '«/«'«'> never.

I^M- (ChHng i\ seldom.

fSM'T»!^S"Hifi!l' (ChHng i\puh ta' kan' kien\t'a.

seldom see him.

Ew. 56 :—


Ex. 57.—Using mainly the verbs in Lesson X, and the

adverbs in Lesson XIV.

Translate :—He has just eaten. 1 heard you just nov?.

We are just going to sleep. Hitherto I have not

forgotten. It has been very bad hitherto. Formerly

there were no foreign firms at Shanghai. For the

present I want to borrow ^100. Eat now, drink

afterwards. At first he could not understand ; now

he does. They have already built the hut. In

ancient times men built pagodas. Always think

first, then do. He suddenly ran away. No matter

when he comes, he must come to me. Sometimes

I run, sometimes I walk. An old man always walks.

How many times has he invited you ? He has

already invited me twice. I have never been to Pekin

He never forgets, you never remember. I seldom

understand a man who speaks the Shanghai dialect.

Please come now. I knew it already. Formerly

there was a pagoda here. There is now a house.

Ej;. 58.—Write other sentences with the help of your

dictionary, and translate them to Chinese for the

teacher's criticism and correction. You will thus

learn by experience that the same English word

used with varying meanings or shades of meaning

will need a complete change in Chinese.

EAST STEPS IN CHINESE STUDIES.; 53

LESSON XV.

Adverbs of Place, etc.

SS. S SE- CW Hi, che' ^rh, here.

M S- M IS- -^«' '^^ ««' i->'h, there.

Jb^. _fcM JlM- Shang' ^pien, shang' ^feu, shang'

mien', above.

~F ^' J!S T*! T^ ®' -^^«' (pie«, 'ti hia\ Ida' mien',

below.

•i* ^1- P3 S. ^ 4*> S EM- c C'Awray ( /"'era, ne' ' li, ^ tang

^cliung, 'li ^teu, between, among, inside.

'&^- 'Tso, yiu', left, right.

jj3 S- fiheti ^loei, all round.

ji^ IS- S-' t'-heu ^we>, in or from all qnarters.

M 4- C/ii'Aj 'fêw, walk straight.

$4^- s'S/f^ '^sei/, walk o'jliquely.

1^V ^- '-^'^0' s

''^'O^' '<se?/, walk in a roundabout way.

îMi && Jôh^ ch'u', ch'u' ch'u', everywhere.

flil^ffifsJilLBU- <T'aJaitsai"wo'iitsHen. Hecomes before me.


Î^M^^^"^^^- '-î<. âi shP ts'ai'' wo ' tseu

,chi heu\ "When you came, 1 had gone.

ftH ffi fJs JiJl ±- cT'a ts'aP 'wo <i shang\ He is

above me.

f|^:jgf|J),j^.~p. ']rots'ai\t'a'ihia\ I am below him.

^y, ^(» /^^ ^. '/ luai''yiu ^to 'sJiao. How many-

are there over and above ? What balance is there ?

M 'M- s-^^0 ^t'ung, east of the river.

LU 0^ ^- (Shan (Si ^pien, on the west of the hills.

^ f§. sfC'i'ô ^nan, south of the bridge.

i§ "Hj ^- '?'fi(/i peky (pien, on the north side of the

pagoda.

Ex. 59 :—

?i«-^)l, i-Milf^, «^Jg, #âi^Kii7(ir, <(w= all, in every place), BM'^lii, iiL0.mm^


Ex. 60.—You are recommended to take as many

suitable verbs as you know, and combine them with

the adverbs in Lesson XV, thus :—Go here ; Go

there, above, below, right, left, etc.

Ex. 61.—Translate :—Come here. Go there. Look

everywhere (for it). Go below and do it. To the left

there are hills. To the right there is the river. Walk

to the right. He walks obliquely. The dog went

straight (along). Where can you buy it ? Everywhere.

Where did you see him? I saw him on the west of

the hills. Where do you live ? I live south of the

bridge. Where did you buy it ? In Pekin. Where

did he go ? He went amongst the trees. Are you

above or below him ? I am above him. He is

below me. There is a balance of ^20.00. East of

the river there is a foreign firm. Where is the

exchange shop? On the north side of the foreign

firm. All round Shanghai. In Hongkew. Between

the houses. It rains everywhere. The wind blows

from ail quarters. Bring the book here. Walk

before me. Walk behind him. I had gone when

he came. Spring has gone when summer comes.

Don't walk in that roundabout fashion.


LESSON XVI.

Adverbs of Manner, etc.

•TTDVERBS of manner may stand either before or

/ after tlie verbs to which they belong. They

frequently consist of adjectives either used singly or

doubled.

§f \. ,Hao ^jen, a good man.

^ ?§• ^'- ' ^^'^ i^^^^ ,hao, writes well.

>^. Kw'aP, fast.

S E5 B :^ ^M 'Hi-CM' -pih^ ma' shi' 'hen kw'ai',

this pony is very fast.

'K '^ ^ Sfl- K'o'ai' kio'al' ^tih p'ao^, run quickly.

^ M>-> ®- si'w".'/ *') !,nan, easy ; difficult.

^^ '12 ^- lYung V ^tung îeh, easy to understand

or easily understood.

i8 S9 Q- iNan fining peh, difficult to understand

c\ea.r\j.

î^- 'Ilao siang', like, as, the same as.

^ IrI- s"^** iiûng, like, as, the same as.


g^lf^îgfiîB**- Che pun, ,shu 'hao

siang' 'wo ,tih na' pun, ^ shit. This book is like mine.

S fH —'^- (ChSn siang' ^yih yang', exactly alike.

^ i^ ^. 'Liang yang^ ^tlh, different, differently.

^^T • Châ-' (to fla, very different.

ii'?»^' Ch'a' puh' fio, slightly different, nearly

the same.

ij^\^, 7^^- îh, ting', kwo' Jan, certainly, surely.

^ ffi-£^'""5' pien', convenient, conveniently.

>^. 'fcj^'^ fi^. Kio'ai'; kw'ai' kw'ai' (tih, quickly.

ifi' ?S jE l5^- Kin' ; kin' kin' ^tih, near.

jg, j§ j(§ rt^. 'Fuen; 'yuen 'yuen ^tih, far.

"H* lb' M W,- cKan

tsin, yuen ' yi', willingly.

Ex. 62 :—

m'^m^'i^mm muKmm^mK^ mmm'i-tam-kK-m, nm%^mmi\% mm**6^;fc/>ii^7, mmm^m?r^^' ^Ws

'K '^ 1^ ?K> -O? faa JE i£ rj, 15: §1 ^1 (Mi-- open)


Ex. 63.—Translate :—He willingly paid the wages.

Don't walk far. Come quickly. Bring it near me.

To buy just now is not convenient. He certainly

knows. He will surely come. This and that are

slightly different. Your book is diilerent from

mine. It is very different ; mine is big, yours is

small, mine is clean, yours is dirty, mine is dear,

yours is cheap. These two men are exactly alike.

This boy is like that girl. My pony is like yours.

Some books are easy to understand ; some are

difficult. It is easy to write English, but difficult

to write Chinese. You write very well. He runs

very quickly. I paid ^§200 for this pony ; he is very

fast. I think it is certain to rain. How does he

teach ? He teaches very well. How are you going ?

I am going to walk. Do you walk quickly or

slowly ? Sometimes quickly, sometimes slowly. It

is easy to walk slowly. I will go willingly, if you

go too.


LESSON XVII.

Adverbs of Degree.

jnHESE are attached to adjectives as a rule, but

many of them may also be used with verbs.

Iglf. Keng"hao, better.

M^' t,Hwcin 'hao, better.

JC ;S- ^^"' ieJi''ancf, longer.

If ifc © 113 /ff •^«<^«'' 'p* ^^^' ^"^ '^*«o> better than

this.

M lin •^ $f • J^weA' c^*'" jomA' 'Aao, worse.

®^ -T* T • ^"^^* ' c/i^^* J""^*"hao f la, still worse.

]J ^. 'Tin^i 'Aao, very good, or best.

^ ^. sKi/i 'hao, very good, or best.

^$p. C/j^' 'Aao, very, very good, excellent.

;g0. TiMp '/iao, very good.

^ ^. TW (/o, too much, too many.

5<j^ ;/<;. Toh' ta', too big.

5^ j^. Zwo' '«/Mew, too far.

j^ S5 ^' ^"'o' s2/" (*") f^i" *°° many or much,

60 EASY STEPS I5f CHINESE STUDIES.

^ ^ Jf . Puh' ta' 'hao, not very well.

^ jj. 'Hen 'hao, very good.

5^ ^. 'Hao (^ch'ang, very long.

^^ 6^' '-^''"' *«' c**^) very big.

^K tS S?^T • -^* ' ko"haOi kill ^ la, that is very good

.

^ }^ —' 10 .H- jf''"^'' 'man (j///j ko' yileh^ not a full

month.

^^. LioP 'hao, a little better.

;§.^ S^. Lioh' lioh' ,tih, very little.

^ |5g. 'F^M /iiew*, has a limit, little ; not much.

ffil 6t) ^ W KB- f^'** ('^'^ (is'iWn 'yeu Men'. His

money is not unlimited.

Ex. 64 :—


Ex. 65.—Translate :—Older (as a man), older (as a

thing). Cheaper, dearer, higher, lower. There are

none better than this. Many are worse. You write

badly, he writes worse, and I still worse. This is

very good : that is excellent. This is the best water.

He has too much money. The house is too big.

There are far too many boys. England is small,

China is very big. This is not very well done.

A very long rope is very dear. It is not quite a

week. This is a little better than that. A very

little better. I have only a little money. Very

dear, very cheap, very high, very low, very bad, very

good, very clean, very dirty. Rather dear, cheap,

high, etc. He has gone too far. I am not very

well to-day. There is a limit to my money. Far

too big, small, high, long, etc. Not big, small, high,

long, etc. enough.

62 EAST STEPS IN CHINESE STDDIES.

LESSON XVIII.

Adverbs of Degree—fconh'nued.

J

^^^^^ 1^- -^''" ' ftwui ' (shtooh

(pull hwui ' ts'o

',

he can only talk, he can't do.

ho'ai' ii/cmg ^tsHen, there are about ten dollars.

;;fl j|^ -f' {0 ^. , Pull ' cAi' s/h'/; , ho^ Jen, not only ten

men. (There were more.)

—. d^ ;Ji; g^ —•^ /J-* t5{|. J K/j pan' ^a' ,i27i ,yih paii'

'siao ^tih, half big, half small.

/i> j^ ^ —•'0'. ^Pull kwo^ 'ijiu ^yili

'pai, not more

than a hundred.

^ f^. 'Siao yung\ use little.

J|^^/f»i|. ,Sz Jiao (puh ch'a', not in the least

wrong.

^^ 8"^ —' MiS ^- c'S'e t^^M ^«n' £sie«' (?/i7i Hieh

'rh, can see a little.

^ ;^^ J^. ,PmA <a' fkan tsing', not very clean.

^ 1^— ^. (Pm/j ,tan ,?/j7i ko', not one only.


1^ H flil ^. iTan ftan ,<'a hwuP, only he can do it,

/fJUlJ — ^. iPuh tao\yih ^tsHen, not so much as

1,000.

:Jt^']^^MM^- Ta' ,yOh 'yiu ^san sz' Hi lu\

about three or four U.

>E ?S- Tsuh^ keu\ quite enough.

S+ FS IS ? JE ^ M fi^ T •' ^" s

«''«'^«' ^««"9' s2/«'«

'<s tsuh, keu' 'mat ^tih ^la, fifty taels is quite sufficient

to buy it.

Îji!'^—

' ^* K'ung^ 'tsiing 'yiu ^yih ^ts'ieii, there

are altogether a thousand.

^ — fISj- iTvh cyih ko\ only one.

^ ^ ^ ^. (Siao fU-ei 'yiu ^ts'ien, a little rich,

rather rich.

'K^®W f^ A- i^^^ s*"'' '^'" 'Hang Jen, there are

only two men.

^J^^W~"W- tô^' t"ô/t ^choh 'yiu ^yih 'pai,

about a hundred.

PfJ j^ — "g",,Puh 'man ^yih 'pat, not quite ; almost

a hundred.

/F» >S— W- t-P"^ <«w/(j ^yih 'pai, not quite ; almost

a hundred.

^H— W- t-f"'* keu\yih 'pod, not quite ; almost

a hundred.


^ Si^^^ ji -' H- ''^0 <yoh tmoh ,puh 'man ,yih

'pai, I have not quite a hundred.*

i:x. 65 :—

Ex. 66.—He can only walk, he can't run. We see

about 3,000 stars. There were not only the two

boys, there were also two girls. Half the books are

mine, half are yours. There are not more than 40

million Englishmen. This jetty is but little used.

The bill is right. It's not in the least wrong. We

* (Note the doubled expression for " not quite." Doubled words

and expressions are common in Chinese.)

EAST STEPS m CHINESE STUDIES. 65

can see a little here. This pony of mine is not very

clean. I want to buy a dozen, not one only. You

can't do it : only he can do it. 1 can lend ten, but

not so many as 100. From this place to that is

about 10 li. ;$100 is quite enough. To buy this

house, seventy taels is quite enough. Altogether

there are 50 foreign firms. I have only one child.

This mandarin has a little money. There are only

six bridges. He wants about one thousand cash.

I know about 200 characters. We saw about 5,000

men. There were nearly 40 children. I have not

quite 1^20.

10

66 BAST STEPS IN CHINESE STUDIES.

LEiSSON XIX.

AdverTbs of AfiB.rmation, Negation, etc.

"77TE have already had occasion to use various affirma-

^H. tive and negative expressions, e.g.

;

—^ it is ; it is so ;

yes, etc.

^ ;^, it is not, etc.

^ used for " yes "; I am present, etc.

11 S> iK' S. i£J^ g- 'Tsung yao\ pih' yao',piP

ting' yao\ all used in the sense of must.

Others are :

—

^M- ^TsHen ivan', used in the sense oi certainly.

^i^Mt^^K- Y°'i certainly must come to-morrow.

•=p^^ ^^ Jf[. You must not fail to bring it.

^^^ pj. Twan' Jm pith' ' k'o, certainly not.

?^^^ pT- s^'*"'''«

si«»* » " » '.

MM^RT- llan'i«a«' „ „ „ „

^ 6^. It is so.

/f» |g. " Not -wrong," is used as an affirmative,

meaning " yes," " all right," etc.


^ f^. PmA' ^neng, unable, you cannot.

/f» ^. „ i^ng^, it is not certain;perhaps.

^^- » 'chuen, „ „ „ „

'^^M- )> ,t'ung „ „ reasonable.

^ 'fi t^ ^- I am unable to go.

^'^^^^ 5K- I 3,m uncertain if I shall go or not.

/f» ip ;^ fUj. It is not certain it is he.

S 10 A ^ S ^M Gi' = reason). The man is

unreasonable.

^. ^Miih or jmei, no, not any, etc.

IE ^- Cheng' ski', just, just so.

f^K ?K 6^ JE^ BjfH- You come just at the riglit time.

^ ;§. Tsieu' shP, it is so ; that's it.

I;;gfi^fi5- That's the way.

W.^ ;§. Ping' puh' sJd\ it certainly is not.

3fi -Ti ^ ^^ ^. Certainly not this book.

@ ^' '$»5K'^'^^'

ij'^'^f 'P^^ Mh naturally, of course.

iS-^i HC ^- sl^wew ^pun, ^yuen ^lai, naturally, of

course.

S f!? fi^ ^ !;• Naturally he is unwilling.

'^ JK :^ flfii-Of course it is he.

*^^l?ig^M-Mfl!i- Of course if it is bad, I

don't want to buy.

1^^ :§ iK fit)' Of course it's old.

j^ 5|f^ /J> ^. Bad as a matter of course.


Ex. 67 :—

ftii;^ -^§ ilF TiB 1^. ;ig»5 J:Jc MS 51 :^ ig,

aPiaianS, ^, aB$f^lE;^f/Kf^KT, ilffl

Hg^^am f/PSBgB a^^g-Dg, AAM

^^Tg-£";». 68.—Run through the affirmative and negative

expressions with your teacher using :

—

1.—Adjectives, e.g. It is right. It is high. It is

cheap. It is not right, etc.

2.—Pronouns, e.g. It is mine. It is not mine, etc.

3.—Adverbs, e.g. It is here. It is not here, etc.

Ex. 69.—Translate :—You must go, come, buy, sell,

etc. (using all the verbs you know). The teacher

will certainly come to-morrow. Don't fail to pay


the bill. I certainly shall not sell. He certainly

does not write well. We certainly do not want to

buy that pony. Is this right or not? Yes. Have

yoTi any money ? Yes. I am unable to go. It is

not certain if I can go. Perhaps he will come to-

morrow. What lie says is unreasonable. He has

no children. There are no dollars in the house.

He paid my wages just at the right time. Our house

is small. It is so. The child is too small to read.

Just so ; that is so. Your house is certainly not too

big. Naturally the dog runs fast. Of course t!ie

mandarin is rich. Naturally snow falls in winter.

Of course the weather is hot in summer.

Ex. 70.—The student should use such words as perhaps,

certainly, naturally, of course, unable, must, etc. with

the verbs in Lesson V, going through them viva voce

with the teacher.


LESSON XX.

Money Matters.

JT[HE only national coinage of China at the present is

the cash, ^ ^ts^ien. Uncoined silver is much nsed

by weight. A tael is roughly 1\ oz. of silver. These

are cast into "shoes of sycee " (literally IfJ,^ fine silk)

of varying weights and purity. There is no tael

coin.

Money M^ its'ai .p'ai Qpo).

Cash ^ Jts'ien.

One tael of silver —' P@ fM "f" <lA^'-

'Hang ^yin ftsz.

A shoe of sycee —' fl3 Tti^ cph ko' ^yiten 'pao.

Dollar -^tS|J¥^ cy'/« hw'ai' ^yang

^ts'ien.

Five cents M^ 'w" c/««-

Ten cents —.^ ^yih'cMo ('ko).

Fifteen cents — ;^c^ .yih'cJdo pan\

Eeady money 3^^ U6n\tsHen.

Credit ^|g .sUchang'.

BAST STEPS IN CHINESE STUDIES. 71

Receive


Invoice

Bill of lading

Freight

Passage-money

Duty

Taxes

Municipal Rates

Market

„ price

Bankrupt

Bank note

Insure

Capital

Cargo

Retail

Wholesale

Bribes ; to receive

bribes

Broker

Brokerage

mmm> mi

mm±m

mmmr

mmmm

mm

hivo' ^ta?i.

(P'ing ftan.

I^ch'ivan tsai' tsHen

;

1 tsai^ hwo^ itih

; ch'ioan 5 ts'ien

;

' shui 'chio.

^eJi'wan ^tsHen.

sharig' shui'.

shui'; ^tsu ,ts:.

Jcung boo' Jil ^chuan

5 is''ien.

shV

shi'kia', Jiang (Ch'ing.

'mai mai' ^kwan ^la.

^yin pHao' ; ^tsHen

p'iao' 'isz.

'pao.

'pun ^ts'ien.

hwo' wu'.

Idling mai'.

Jah mai', ^p'i (fah.

puh'^ling mai'.

ft''an ftsang ; sheu'

hw&' lu'.

fChin chih'.

55 )) ( ZS Zc/2*


Smuggling

Exchange

Worth

Rich, poor

Wages, salary

Business

fi^ fSZ liwo'-

|^> j^l^ hwan', t'ui' htoan'.

skHung ijen.

m ^) ^ >jti (hung ^tsHen; îtliin

!^ HP. # Si ^ shui ; shu\siu ;

feng^ luh'.

îB. 71 :—

A A H? '^M ^ ('S «i' to like, to love), ^^'P^

ns:^. ^^n^^^^ m^mûm^ mn^m^^

^^Mfi'^Xm^'P (® '"^^ every), 1 (i^ A'^

11


WMmmm (.tang ,s/= things generally), fj^^m

mmiM&m^-fmm3s.m i^m= Tientsin),

m ti'= hnd, ground), mUTT^iZ, X^^ ^

IT, Ifi

Us'ing wan'^may I ask?), ^.'a^-^^^fPl^iSf^,

^>;ii:i(is ;tt s^M /(ZTO'==of' all sorts; a general cargo),

xnnm (ffla=i>'-okerage), mmmw>mJ^M

Ex. 72.—Translate :—My money is limited. Cash is

used everywhere in China. The pony is worth

Tis. 100, but I paid only Tls. 75 for him. This shoo

of sycee is worth Tls. o3. The price is a dollar.

Seventy-five cents. Half a dollar ; a quarter of a

EASY STEPS IN CHINESE STUDIES, 75

dollar. My little boy wants ten cents. He has no

ready money. Buying for ready money is better

than buying on credit. How many taels have you

received ? What have you paid out ? Prices are

high just now. Sometimes prices are low, sometimes

fair, or moderate. There are many banks in

iShanghai. A money-changer has not very much

money. The banker is sometimes very rich. Which

is the buyer, wliich the seller ? There is no profit

in this business. 1 pay ,^1.00 interest per month.

There was a loss of fifteen cents. Every man wants

to gain. My income is Tls. 50 per month. What

is his debt ? More than Tls. 1 00. Who is the debtor ?

1 don't know. A debtor ought to pay his debts.

The creditor wants to receive his money. We sliall

have a big dividend this year. The discount was

Tls. 10. Go to the broker for the invoice. Where

is the bill of lading ? How much freight is there to

pay ? The passage-money to Canton is ^5. You

must pay the duty. I will pay the taxes and the

Municipal Rates. Go to the market and ask the

market price. In Shanghai we use bank notes. This

shop is bankrupt. I have insured my house for

,85,000. My capital is not very large. The cargo

is not enough. Wholesale sellers do a big business,


retail sellers a small one. The broker wants his

brokerage. Many men receive bribes in China.

Smuggling is done every day. What is the dollar

exchange to-day ? Some men are rich, some poor.

The coolie receives his wages, the mandarin his

salary. There is much business done in Shanghai.


LESSON XXI.

Conversational Expressions.

\_Here and there throughout these exercises literal translations

of the Chinese have been given.']

Note.—In Southern Mandarin the pronoun jKin or

jNin na' is replaced hy fjvftt) "*"I^Kj

"'' omitted

altogether.

^^ ft j^. 'Lao ^yeh kwei' sing' (asked of a man of

higher class). (Old father) what is your (honourable)

name?

^ i& ^- '^" ^^^9' (Chang. My surname is

Chang.

i^WilM±t^M^- iNin na'Ju shangUsaV'na'rh.

Where is your mansion ?

iS ffi St P ft- 'Wotsai\ Hung ' ten chu '. I live in

Hongkew.


^;g » £1 P RT :i ^â P Big- ShP'li

,Hung ' k'eu

koli slip wai\ Hung ^k''eu ^ni. In the inner or outer

Hongkew ?

f^ fi i£ $'h fit P- 'Wo chu' tsai' wai\Hung ' teu.

1 live in the outer Hongkew.

M^Bi^^^M]^- 7i' rh> tso' ta' ,k'iao 'pei

fpien ^rh. On the north side of the second bridge.

2" i^ S P^ KS ^. ( Kung c,fsi J-yuen'' ^koh pih'.

Next door to the Hospital.

xummm JAIL'S m:f^m- Mng pu^ d^M^man ^pai shih' rh' 'pai ^ling liu' hao'. The Municipal

number is 206.

^ <** ^ ^ ;/,; ^ 1^ 7. ^Nin ,Un iUien ,to ta' sui'

shu' ^la. You this year how many years ? = How old

are you ?

shou\ kuei'' ' kia 'ts:, kiiei' Jâiig, ^tsuen 'chîh, ^ch'ing

^chûcn 'hi Jioh. Exalted age? Honourable cycles?

Honourable decades? Venerable teeth? Verdant

springs how many? (These all mean, "How old are

you ? " 1 and 4 are applicable to the elderly, 2 and 3

to young men, 4 to anyone except children.)

S^^^tt^S- (Chang ^sien fSMng tsai' kia' fineh.

Is Mr. Chang at home ?


^ Hi^ T- iTs'ai ^ch'uh chu' la. He has just gone

out.

fifc^B^fllJillSlJK- (T'a ffo ctsan ' k'o ' i ^

hwui ^ lai.

"What time will he come back ?

a^^nm-faS^TIS- '\yopuh\c1utao\ Jâ

f^mSi ^liu Ida' hua'. I don't know. He didn't leave

word.

:M.'M'(£.M}M-'^''«*' ''«2'^ '««"*'' Ma'\muh. Is the

mistress at home ?

:*::*:W ^ ?; ^g M ^- ^-w^ <'ai' 'yu< &;»2^', p«/t'

^ndng kien^ kôP. The mistress is ill, and cannot see

visitors.

'wo c/iiu' ^liu Ida' fining pien' 'tdng 'lao ^yeh Jiwui t^lai

h&i fta. Then I will just leave my card. When the

master comes back, give it him.

i^\ Wi m ^- i^^'* '"'"'' 'chHng (so'. Please sit down.

iff P»1S fill-'C/i'mg wan"paohao'. What is your

'shop name?

/J-»|^jgflJ. 'Siao hao\fu IP. My shop name is

Fuh Li.

^ffiÊ^PM- ^îen> tsaP ,shang i' Ju ^holu

How is business at present ?


M Rliil^SJf- iHai 'to 'i, puh' sh&n' 'hao.

Fair. Not very good. " Can pass."

1S -S^S JKT ^H ^' Tso\shan ftno Jai Ja ^nin na\

What do you want (to do) Sir ?

tn'M^- ''TsHng tsin' Jai. Please, come in.

i5 ^ S ^ 6^- ^'"^ */"' '^2' J<^"' M- That is

natural = Naturally, of course.

^]Sl0WSSifM^- cC'/iZ-r/t ko ' 'yiu j shen , mo

^nhin ^wdn ^meh. Is there any news to-day ?

^yao ^yen. Ta^ kai\to shi\niei 'ying-rh ^Hh ^shia hwa'.

This is rumour. Probably it's all without substance

—

all false.


LESSON XXII.

Conversational Expressions—/^co«/f.y

iS S i? T SO ^- '^'^o *«o' s's2 c^a ipieh sungK

I (will) take my leave (now), don't accompany (me).

H ^. Tsai' chien\ Again see=I shall see you

again. An revoir.

IS ^ l!S- Kia-rh' ^ni. What price ?

M^^- 'Maipuh"chH. Can't buy = Can't afford

so much.

MM^^lUU^l- N<i\rnah cJdu' pa\la'wo

Jiwui ch'u',la. Then that's finished. I shall go back.

t'^' flfii 5K- Chiao' (ta Jai. Call him here.

^W^^^ H -f • 'M t'aP kuo\to ' shao jih'Usz.

You stayed how many days ?

^ SI ffi P5 s. ;^> 3!c 1^ m pg *• '^«o .y^^ <«/*'«

iin&n ^meh. Shi', 'wo yao' fCh'u ^mcin ch'ii'. Are you

going out, Sir ? Yes, I am going out.

12

82 EAST STEPS IN CHINESE STUDIKS.

^^^M^MM^^^^T- c^^c yah ! ' siang puh

'

tao' chd' j«/«' hou' (la. Hullo ! I dida't think (we had)

reached this time ; i.e. 1 didn't think it was so late.

S b] its '1^ T B "f • ,-Kuniji ^sz ^cliuan icu' Ja jih'

Hsz. Public Company ship (mail) has delayed days

(is late).

iS BS-H ^^ ^ 6^ is JK-' T'^'o p'an ' wang ' wai ' ^

kwoh

till' hsin\lai. L am expecting some foreign letters.

nao' ' kuei chiu' Jia\meh nao' ^ kuei. You (must) not

play the devil this way and that. (Used of mischief or

"squeezing.")

.^ S- iTsao 'jao. (I) disturb, harass (you) =Excuse my intrusion. (Used also as an expression of

thanks.)

U^t^WtUM- '^^^0 joh> ,nung keu' chiu' tso\

I if can, then do= I will if 1 can.

?!& R ic li^ M- '^^'o ^'"^'' yô' inang âh. I only

want power = I would if I could.

%Wi.W.Wk'^\\!),- '-î- J/w«« 'y«

' cA/w" A'o S". You

wish, then may = You may if you like.

nWmmmMT^m -m-' Wo > tsmzg Jan yuen^ yV

'yeh p'uh\nang keu\ I even if wished, then not could

= I couldn't if 1 would.


0> SI^ llE^ til ^ 1^ 1^- ''îi«««' s>« s ^'îiff keu

'

^ yell ^puli ^kai ^tang. You althougli cau, yet not should

= Although you can, you should not.

M ^ ^ <î% 1^- Na' ,puh shP pi' ' til(till. That

is not necessar}-.

yp fpuh yuen' yp Usung 'lei tso'- Not discuss, you like

not like, must do.

m^T^nn,mM:t- ' Wo sW puWM î ,rh ,xvei

fChih. I am unable to shirk it, so (I) do it.

^ iSt H^ "^ -T* Sf • Uien^ tsoLp ^sJiih ling' pvh' 'hao.

Present season not good = Unhealtiiy weather.

M^^Wi^'MK- '-^^«« ch'u\rh ,tu sJiP ping'

ijen. There are sick people everywhere.

^tt'^M^'iiîU^T- îen ' tsai ' ,ylng , kwo , tih

^yang kia' kwdi' Ja. Just now English money price is

dear.

W^f& 7 fHlS- s^«n^ Js'ien 'chang Ja kia-rh'.

The price of dollars is rising.

T ^ ;iS ÎJ. Hia' pulp ^wei IP. Afterwards not

constitute rule= This must not be taken as a

precedent,


SS^^i^- iLin c/icln' ^mo ^ch'tanff. Just before,

battlefield, to what, the spear^ To leave everything

to the last moment.

i&iMWit&'HtM^- cTa na' ^chioh wei' sJiP

shih' Jisi ^tih. His rank is hereditary (generation

descending).

fj^\MM^^- il'ieh cM\muh^yang chP. Don't

put on such airs.

fSi W -TI :§:• s-^^" ^chang ^pvli shP. How, can be

proved, not, so = It is undeniable.


LESSON XXIII.

Conversational Expressions—/^co«^.y

MUMt£.^^ -î MMtt.- < Shwang,chHn ^ liai

tsai\tâng. ShV ; (tu Jiai tsaV . Are your parents both

alive? Yes, both.

ÎS^M^-ffiBS- (Kia ^yen ,Ma ^t'sz ftu tsai\na.

Father and mother are both alive.

^^fi^^ji^T- c^wA i/«'"iw 'mw ,tsHng kwo.

cliu^ (la. No, my mother is dead.

M fl* ^ &• t^w'en chung' 'chi weP. How many

brothers have you ?

^ JtL ^ tfc-^*' (Uung 'cJd wei\ Hovir many

brothers ?

M^^'ffi- (Tsi mei" cJii wei\ How many sisters?

8 fl) SP tl' t'?'«"«"

5 /'""S'- !P '««'

s^'«"5'' Honoured

rank= What position (by age) in the family ?

nm:k,mm:l- 'Wo,faita\ 'Woyatrh'.

I am the eldest, I am the second,


^ T ^ S- iChânp (la ^kia ^meli. Completed

home ?= Are you married ?

%^'^n&i%^'M^M- '^î (Shwoh,tih hwa"ioo ^puli

ai\tHng. I don't like to hear you talk like that.

it n 1,1 n !ai ^b ^m 6^ i^ s- .?'^« . '»"«

'^^""^

'tee ^t'ung fSin Jioli i' ^tih ^sliang Hang . We must

matched miiida combined a^ree meaninix consult = Wemust lay our heads together.

^Tii- Suan' Ja pa\ Reckon finished != There !

enough about it.

B^^^JKf^Î^jffi- iTso-rh 'nijai 'wo '/urn ,shih

iying. I am sorry 1 was out yesterday when you

called.

^ 85 T I^K-Ilsin' Jcûei Ja 'ni. It was most

fortunate for me, (or) Thank you much, your service

was most timely.

fill ^ :S ffi tt- (^'* cliing'' shi' t^jen sldng^ Hethoroughly is following disposition = That's just like

him ; characteristic of him.

^J^^m^^M^tkU- iMmg-rh ko' ' wo yao\lai

'ch'iiig chiau\ni. I wish to call on you to-morrow.

^ ffi^ "F- s-^"'' ^^'"'^^ hwa' sia'. That's of course

;

or, Unnecessarj' to be spoken of.

^^W,y. ' ^Fo hwei' P ^la. I catch your niCEining.


^^^TIpJ- 'Wo Usou chuan'Ja siangK I

missed my way.

iSSffillB^- 'Wo ¥an\ta'yen^shou. I knowhim very well by sight.

315 10 mH fl^ M JT 7 BS 7 • Na' ko' ,tung ,si 'ni

'mai Ua Ja 'i/an Ja. That thing you bought struck

eyes= You have made a bad bargain.

yK.^'^Vi- ' Cldu ^yai^g ta' fining. Long honoured

great reputation= Have long wished for the honour

of your acquaintance.

M ^'{f. % fi^ ^ }:.• -â' shi' tsaV 'ni ,tih ,shun

shang'. That's your affair;you will be answerable.

fiK Wt M a^]MMWM- 'î (^^ôh hwa' ,pieh

che\moh ^k'ua ^chang. You speaking shouldn't thus

expand= Don't exaggerate so !

% ?A fll ii& S R DK- 'î iPêh haP < ivo ,shiia ,pHn

<tsui. Don't use such offensive expressions (common

mouth) to me.

1'4'0^^'K- Chiao' 'ni p'o' fei'. Cause you waste

expense^ I'm afraid I'm putting you to great expense.

— •^ ft -S S& £• c^'*^ «^««' e^^'iao' ,pH lma-rh\

A very witty, amusing expression.


K -T* 'fS B^- s"^^'*' P*'^*' fSiang ^man. Truly not

mutually deceiving= To tell you the actual truth.

% YA ^ IS ff5 fi^ y- 'Ni ,pieli aP 'wo ^man ,tih

shih'. Doa't you meddle in our affairs.

M^u^t.i;in 6i ^"^^^ ^^^' 'wo ,chHu ,chih puh^teh ftih. That is I seek not get= I sliould only be

too glad to do—or get, it.


LESSON XXIV.

Conversational Expressions—/^co« z'.y/

i^ ff!^ i3> ?a^ 11- ' TT'osman ' tsou , ch'ao chi-rh

'

pa'. We go cross cut road= A short cut.

•^i^j^^S- i^^^ ''^*^'*' kuo\MoIi fineh. Are

you a siu-ts'ai ?

J^ ift^ 7* BB- i^in chung^ 'kii ^la ^meh. Are you

a cliu-jen ?

PM' i^ ?S ffi ^ M '^- c^Wj s«"* *^'«"' ^«««'' «^«''

Zz'an^ 'pang. Oh, you are a c/(m - shih (twice

placarded).

'^ IP J^ "J". (Hsiao hsing' kuo' Ja. Good luck

fortunate passed == I am a (whatever the degree

may be).

Ut'HSSJS^^?^- '^^ ^«o' '^^^^'^ c/w'-r/i' toan^'

'c7w' ti'^Vr^. I should like to put up here for a few

days.

13


^ ^ ;;^ -gr. Wei\c]iang pu\cMa. Not, caa be

proved, not, admirable = Excellent in every vv'ay

(said of anything).

'0[^llt|-'l!l'^ P M-'- '^'' 'tsung 'tell .sin 'h'eu Ju ,yih.

You should heart mouth as if one= Say what you

think.

^ ^ S 'K- (Kuang .yin shun' k'uaP. The time

(light, shade) passes very quickly.

ft^^TBiS- Kiiei\i/ang ' Jiao Ja ^meli. Honour-

able complaint ?= Are you any better ?

flii 61l^^ 51- #• (T'a.tihping' puh'ai' shih'. His

illness is not serious (not hinder business).

WS S :^ Eii ix W- ' i^i^t ishdn (Wzo ' shao ji'o ^mei

' yiu. Can you let me have it for less ?

Wi^^M tl E- ^" '

'«'"' c/"» ^J'

sRising j

/(«'. At

what rate of interest ?

^ ^n^ ftH 65 T^ M- '^'»cc/'e tao'.t'a^ tih Ida ' lo

'

.meh. Do you know his whereabouts? (where he has

settled down).

i^ ffiSW^ }^H^ 7 • iNln tsai ' cU '' shang lo

'

hii'' ^ki ^nien Ja. How long have you been settled in

this province ?


ISM ixW Ji#M ^- ' ''^0 ping ' ^ miî 'yiu j wei Jei

tso'

' tai. I indeed not have acted wrong done wrong=Indeed I have not done anything wrong.

?SW-^)SM-?35'R- '^0 '2/*'"(P^>'

«^«'"^ if<^ng

'tsz ^ch'u Un'. I have a house to let.

^mW^Ml^l^M-'M- 'Ni chih' 'kwan pa' 'so

H ^jan ^shwoh i\shwoh. Tell me exactly how the whole

thing occurred.

Mf^9n^t'^W^&tl- Che chien' shih' 'wo

pull' ^nang tih''ni^ch'u IP. I cannot help you in this

matter.

iS -T* §5l ^ E/ lis ®- '^'^ pwA' ^kan Jao lung'' ^nin

na\ I not dare trouble disturb you.

J^ 5^ "J*.jiVi';i ^lai Ja. Are you coming, Sir.

m ifi ^' 'Ch'ing tsin' Jai. Please enter; come

in.

liii&M' ^^^WM- iNin, ch'ou ,ijen,' wo puW

hwei\cliôu ^yen. Will you smoke ? I can't smoke.

MfÛ^ WM S Si^S—^- ,Pieh .chioang 'chia.

An' ^clioh tsz' 'chi ^cliia 'li ^yih yang'. Don't stand

on ceremony. Do as you would at home.

n^WMMMT,m,^Ml'- 'WoÛi.nintao'

'sM Jai Ja. ^Nin ta' 'shi Ja. I have come to

congratulate you. You are to be congratulated.


' sM. It is very friendly of you.

mmiMl, mmmir- ^^m Jan 'nm , la. Shou '

shu' tao\la. I condole with you (in case of a death).

His years were sufficient= His time had come.

i^ In lis^¥ ?KT • ^Wo^Mi ^ nin pai\ nien ^ lai ^ la.

I wish you a happy new year.

;^ if if. IS if H- £ ^"^ cshin ' shi.

£ Nin , shin ' sM.

New year greetings. The compliments of the season.


LESSON XXV.

Miscellaneous Words, Phrases, etc.

yPHB Chinese are fond of arranging things in sets of

five. The following are some examples :

—

1.

—

The five grains:—1§, ^, ^, ^, ^ tao\ ^liang,

t^ou\ map, 'sh'u. After all these the character ^ tsg

is used in conversation, except the second, which in the

colloquial is ^ ^ 'kao Jianc/. The corresponding

English names are rice, sorghum, peas and beans,

wheat, and millet. These are the ^^ 'wu 'ku, five

grains.

2.—The five coloufs .—^, Q, ^, ^, ^ ^hung,

ipai, Jan, Jiwong, Jieh, red, white, blue, yellow, and

black. Collectively they are the jE'Si 'w" 'shai, or

'wu seh', the five colours :

—

Light Blue, ^^ *ehHen Jan,

Dark Blue, ^^ ^shan Jan.

Tinged with red, ^K ISL '«'*"* Jiung,


i?.ga>?i^ a shades of blue.

[^ /t» fe; |§S i'l^cifi inu' seh'; ^tsung seh' lit. south

wood colour •= brown.

§ Q ^sileh (pai, snow white ; as white as snow.

Jfil S! '^we^« Jmng, blood red ; as red as blood.

^ EaJchHh hell, paint black ; as black as ink.

^CM t,i''i6n flan, sky-blue.

JllS s'^5'''

shwong, gosling yellow.

§^ .s/h'w^? '

shwong, the Imperial yellow.

^ ^ (/««ta' Wt', ash colour= gray.

3.— The five metals:—^^ ';«« tHn.

<fe , ^^, IIp), ^, ^ r^7'n, iVin, ^thmg, H'ieh, ^sih,

gold, silver, copper, iron, tin.

Besides these there are; fQ, |[J, ^ Ifp] (/,wi^,

(?/en, ^hwong (,t'ung, steel, lead, brass.

Tinned iron used for making boxes, etc., is ,1| P^'ma 'kou 't'ieh.

i\^ hwa', to melt.

^ siu\ rust.

^ c/m', to cast in a mould.

4.— The five tastes :—^ (^ 'tou W(3f'.

^> M) ^; 5t) ^ c««««, ia\ 'k'u, it'ien, ^han,

sour, hot, bitter, sweet, salty.


ii> ^. :^^> I®, ^ <«'«'. ,isiang, tap ^hivong,

if'ang, ^yen, vinegar, ginger, rhubarb, sugar,

salt, are substances which serve as examples of

the taste.

5.— T)ie five elements:—^^^ ^wu ^sliing.

^. tK' 7jC, IK^ ± c-^^j »"<'> '^^'"2) '^""o. '*'". gold,

wood, water, fire, earth.

6.

—

Tlie five quarters:—^ |p] 't«M sliiang''.

^> M, rS) ^! fj' ri'wn^r, ,«/, jwaM, ';3e?', ,c/i'lH?^,

East, West, South, North, Middle.

Pekin is divided into these five cities, the middle

being also known as the Forbidden City.

^^^ 'Tsz ^Mn^ch'ing.

Ex. 73 :—

IS?, I§?@?5b7jtm (ft ,cAim^= plant), ^^^^^m^ {-^ </on^= place, district), S^ll^

JflL^i^fi^, g:^&e^, ^;g^6^, />Slfi^€

;;^^&^ (^ ; jrtao^ feathers, hair, down), ifl ^ iJij

Wi^m fi^ (moA'=ink), m^m^^ikm,


mm mm mm ^m 4*m, f3:±si5sas,

mmm^, mm-m, mm±mm^, mmm

(^ , loan= tun), mm^m^M^mm, ^^m,

alone), ^U^MU, nU%-i^^^mfm

Ex. 74.—Translate, using your dictionary for all the

words not supplied in previous lessons. Gold is

yellow. Silver is white. Copper is red. Iron is

heavy. Tin is not so heavy as lead. Steel is hard.

Lead is soft. Brass is copper and tin mixed. Lead

melts easily. Iron will soon rust. There is casi

iron and wrought iron.

Vinegar is sour;ginger is hot ; rhubarb is bitter

;

sugar is sweet ; salt is salty. Unripe fruits are sour.

Preserved ginger is very nice. Rhubarb is a useful

medicine. Quinine is very bitter. Chinese people

don't use sugar in their tea. Bacon is very salty

sometimes.


The Chinese say the five elements are gold, wood,

water, fire and earth. But in truth gold is the only

element amongst them. Wood is composed of three

or more elements ; water of two. Fire is not a

true element, neither is earth.

How is Pekin divided ? Pekin is divided into five

cities. What are they called ? They are called the

Eastern, Western, Southern, Northern and Middle

cities. What is the Middle City also called ? The

Middle City is usually called the Forbidden City by the

foreigners, but the 'Tsz ^hin ^ch^eng by the Chinese.

Ex. 75.—Write out lists of things that are red, white,

blue, green, etc. Each under its proper heading.

Ex. 76.—Write out all the English expressions you

can think of connected with colour ; e.g. as white as

snow ; as brown as a berry, as black as ink ; blood-

red, sky-blue, etc., etc. Translate them literally, and

read them to your teacher and see how many of them

agree with Chinese idiom.

Ex. 77.—Make a collection of the names of food plants

growing about Shanghai, and use with them from

your dictionary such common words as plough, dig,

sow, reap, cultivate, water, manure, thresh, etc.

14

98 EASY STEPS I^ CHINESE STUDIES.

LESSON XXVI.

Official Occupations.

^ _tli ^ "^ iHwang shang\ ^ Hwang ti\ the Emperor.

^)g ^Hwang heu\ the Emperor's wife ; Empress.

i^l^^ ^iistla T'aP heu', ^Ilwang t'aV heu\ Emperor's

mother ; Dowager Empress.

2> M^^ 3E^ iWang, ,ChHn ^wang, ^Wang Hsz,

Princes.

"^ ^ ^Kuan (,yuen, Mandarins.

M § 'Tsung ^tii, a Viceroy.

Wi o" '-^**s^'<^^' ^^^ Governor of a province.

jg 1^ Tao' ^t'ai, the head of a " Fu" city.

^n M> ^n B cCId ,cli6u, ,Chi 'fu, a Prefect.

^Wi c^^*' fisien', the head of a ^^ hsien" district.

District Magistrate.

iJ( ^ t^'m ( cA'ai, an Ambassador, Minister.

fM ^ '^ 'imf/ s/w' ^kwan, Consul.

^^ 'g' HioeP slum ^hoan, Mixed Court Magistrate.

I,® 1^ ^ W] Tsung shuP wu^ ^sz, the Inspector

General of Customs.


f^^ p1 ShuP wu' fSZ, a Commissioner.

ffl _h 65 A c-S^M«w shanc/^ ^tih Jen, a Custom house

officer.

P3 Iffi 6^ A -^^*^ cP^'* (**^' si^**' *^^ indoor staff.

^Mffi fit) A ^^(î' cP<^^ c*»^ sj^") the outdoor staff.

H ^ s^Mo (I'M, the Government.

jj^ Chang' slii\ State affairs.

P ti. ^P iw/t' si'eao, ' Fall lilh', law.

p^'tK JTWoI -^ô' chwang', '2a (î«a?j jSr, to go to law.

^ F'ai, to appoint to an office or duty.

^K i^^^^ i ''^'^^r to dismiss (as a mandarin).

^ jp jiTe/j (Za/j, to dismiss (anybody).

^ P5 s-^'''jWi^w, an official residence or court.

y?J =§I5LmA' jom', the six boards or Government offices.

X hI5(Kung pu\ the Board of Works (in Shanghai

the Municipal Council).

|& §15 rPing pu\ the War Office.

^ §15 Hu' pu', the Board of Revenue.

IS hB '-î P"') the Board of Rites.

JflJ §p ^Shing pu\ the Board of Punishments.

1^ §15 iz' pu\ the Board of Civil Office.

KB.—Note carefully the difference in tone between

M and jf^.

If Jl^ pg 'Tsimg 'U (Yamen, the Office of Foreign

Affairs.


13 ^ (Siang ^pang, to help, to assist.

^^ Pan^ slip, to condnct affairs.

^ 'Seng, a province.

^ Kwan, to govern.

=3 s-Fa/i, to punish, to fine.

g ^Ch'en, a stati^sman, a high official.

E'.r. 78 :—

«•^m^ l5tj 'B' A. IS .^W II §> ® #1 (Soochow)

^mm-^ i^^m, m'i mmmm^mm, -s^mfT'^m^-mmm m±m±mm mAm, m:^Um^^^, ISB, liSIJ. MU< M%


Ew, 79.—I have never seen the Emperor yet. Have

you? The Empress is pretty, but the Dowager

Empress is not. Many Princes live in Pekin.

Thousands of mandarins live in the 18 provinces.

The Viceroy at Nankin is named §|J i^ —, Whois the Fu-t'ai at Sooehow? The present Taotai

of Shanghai is Mr. Ts'ai. I saw the prefect yesterday.

The Chihsien was calling on (visiting) him. For-

merly no Chinese ambassadors were sent to foreign

countries. The English Consul wrote to the Taotai.

The Mixed Court Magistrate has gone into the

city. Sir Robert Hart is the Inspector General of

Customs at present. Our Commissioner allowed the

ship to go. Mr. Wang is a Custom-house officer.

Is he indoor or outdoor? State affairs are transacted

by the government in Pekin. The mandarin who

did not know the law was dismissed. Wise people

don't go to law. The outdoor staff man was

appointed one day, and dismissed the next. I went

to the Taotai's official residence last week. There

are six boards or Government offices in Pekin.

What are they called ? They are called the Board

of War, the Board of Revenue, the Board of Rites,

the Board of Punishments, the Board of Works,

and the Board of Civil Offices. The office of foreign


affairs is new compared with the others. To govern

a province is not an easy matter. The viceroy has

many mandarins to assist him. This high official

was punished. He was fined ^1,000.


LESSON XXVII.

Ordinary Occupations.

^ ^, ;;^^ c^ c Sencf, TaP Ju, a doctor.

^^ Sheo^ J, a veterinary surgeon, a farrier.

ED^ 6^ I7n,' fShu ftih, a printer.

R^ 6^ ^^'^P t*^" t'*^*' ^ bookseller.

^^^ fihwang ^Jcia Jen, a farmer.

miS) '^'*IC (Kung tsiang', 'Siao ^hung, a labourer, a

coolie.

l£ _\ Tsiang' ^jen, an artisan.

J^^ jPi tsiang^, a shoe-maker, a leather seller.

JffiÊ s-^"^

tc^*''^ tsiang ', a painter.

^ i^ sT!s'a? ifung, a tailor.

7[v E Muh' tsiang', a carpenter.

Ê 'THeh tsiang', a blacksmith.

iME s-^^** tsiang', a silversmith.

IMÊ iTung t,sih tsiang', a copper and tin-smith.

Jffi -fbE ^Tiao ^hwa tsiang', a wood carver.

Îj iÊ ^'fi/*' tsz' tsiang', an engraver, a type cutter.


£ ^Chung 'piao tsiang\ a, clock and watch^^maker.

3£^ ' ITa tsiang', a mason, a builder.

^ 'flj 6'5l '^"" /'"' c

^^^') '^ dyer.

^ ^ fi^ 'iân^ sien' jilt, a spinner.

)^ ffi 6§ (CMpu' till, a weaver.

• i^^ '/S/m? 's/ifiM, a sailor.

^ (Ping, a soldier.

^:î WfS 6^ '^'"' ^^^'j ^Kwan ^ch'wan (tih, a boat

captain.

^ ^ g^ '(Si'eA i*s'ff?7j, a writer, a clerk.

^^ A (Smg P ijen, a merchant.

U^^ ^T'uan lien'' cping, a volunteer.

^ !^ Hioh (Seng, a pupil, a scholar.

SS'WA s^*''*

c*''**'

c^<^^* si^") ^ scholar, a learned man.

¥SA 'Shell i' Jen, a handicraftsman.

Ea;. 79 :—

(ping\ sickness), H^ itSS* S> ED If 65 gfl 6^^

mm (û\tohive),^mmB'i'mmxmm^,

* Note.—'jV« si'i;f«= pony money. The doctors formerly rodeto visit patients.

liAgY STEPS IK ehlNESB gTUDiES. lOS

^^Ammm, i^flifitifi^-^^^x, ate

m'^^mfm (tie «vo, (^m am i4 m i a.

IS


LESSON XXVIII.


Expressions.

One.

The student will find as he advances that numerical

expressions are in frequent use. We give herewith a

selection of them, to which he may add from his own

experience or from Stent, Mateer, Bailer, etc.

~* ^ M Yih^ ^chien ^ivu, a room.

~* ff aS ^ I7/j, chien' ,z 'sJiang, a garment.

— i^ ^ Yih^ fChih 'pi, a pencil, or pen.

"~ S )IB ^^) (CAz'/i ^chw'en, a ship.

— ^^ Yih, (king, as soon as, already.

—• "^ ^ Yih^ kit' hwa', a sentence.

—• ^ ^ '[§ Yih^ (Chuang s7dh' ^cliHng, an affair.

—* ^ J^ Yih^ hui^ ^rh, a short space of time.

~* ^ i^ KA, 'kan ^tsHang, a spear, musket, etc.

—' P /^ Yih, 'k'eu 'shui, a draught of water.

rf "^ dl Fz"A, k'uai' Hii, a piece of land.


"*?Bf M "? ^^K ^w*' ifang 'tsz, a row of houses,

~*ffi A ^^^

> <P'^^ ij^^) ^ company of men.

~^ M ® Yîh^ fShuang Jisieh, a pair of shoes.

""* ^ iS Yih^ ting^ ^yin, an ingot of silver.

— ^ Hil rj/i, tso' miao', a temple.

—•^ Yih, êhH, all at once, altogether.

—• j|[ ri'A, ^chih, straight.

—• Jt^ YihJfChin, a catty.

— ^ Yih^ (fan, once.

—^ Yih, tz'u\ once.

— in Yih, ihui, once.

—* jS I'zA, pien', once.

— ;j^ Fi'A, j/an^, the whole neighbourhood, 10,000

(in money).

— [pj Yih, hsiang\ hitherto, a while past.

— Xg Yih, hsiang', one sort or kind.

— ffi Yih, ^siS, a little of, a few.

—• i^ Yih, fSin, the whole heart.

— — Yih, yih, one by one.

—• Îj Yih, h'o\ a quarter of an hour.

— 3t ^^î kung\ all, the whole of.

—• -gj Yih, chHeh\ „ „

— g Yih, mien\ one while, on the one hand.

— j^ ;^ Yih, fhan ta\ of the same size.

— ^ Yih,ping\ the whole, together, all.

108 EAST STEPS IN OBIHESB pTUI»IBS,

—* ^ -^ ^ Yih, pu^ ,yih pu\ step by step,

—> ^ Yih, fSJiCmg, all one'glife.

—' B$ Yih, ,shih, inadvertently, a time, sometimes.

—' ^ Yih, tai', all along, the whole row.

—ifi J^ Yih^ Hie-^rh, a little.

— ^ Fi'/t, t'mg\ certainly, positively.

— ^Ij Yih, fs^ , in the first place.

— |,§ Yih^ 'tsung, the whole of, all,

—' '^ Yih, yo-ng', the same, alike.

^ ^ —' ^ t

^^w s&7i' ^yih yang\ all alike.

—' I^ i^ ® (^^^' (<'^" jW^*' shan', once is enough.

—*M I^^ c

Y^^^ mien '( cAz ^ iz, one side of the question

.

The student will be wise to use these expressions

and those 'in succeeding lessons in conjunction with his

previous lessons. For this reason no exercises will be

given. Each student will thus be able to vary his work

to suit himself, and teachers in schools will easily set

exercises for their pupils.


LESSON XXIX.


Expressions.

Two AND T0EEE.

^ jg 'HP cMa\ two prices.

-L ^ '-^^' fCkHn, parents.

Zl H ^ ^ '^^*' '»'^'c^" t'i") hesitating, confused.

]Il i^\ *i2/i' (Si«, douhle'Ddinded.

H A IbI 'Cl^'-^^'

si^** s*'""5' c®*"> ^0*-^ °f "'^^ mind.

Zl 15 ^ 'i2/t' ^kSuff ft'ien, the second night ^yatcb.

'^ ^ 'i?/j' Jai, in the second place, next, etc.

ZlM'R^'M, » » » »

3^ ^ 'jRA* jZan, navy blue.

"*. ^ 'i?A' flianff, two taela.

I— ^ jK ^ 'i^A' jjnao 5Joe 'aa, a skin coat ^itb wool.

Zl }B ^ 'i2A' 'pa 'sJiou, a four-handled barrow for tw©

men.

I^S $ '-^^^ *^'''f^M * two^rhprae carriage or cart.

"^ f^ 'Bh' weP, two, or both gentlemen.

110 EASY STEPS IN CHINESE STDDIES.

Zl ^ BS '-^^' '^" 'y^"> *^® same (goods).

3 ft t'^<'''* 'chiao, triangular, three-quarters.

H ^ K ffi fSan j«s'?'e« 'Zzan^ <?ao', 2,000 or 3,000

cash.

3 ^ ^ (San ^chih 'shou, a pick-pocket.

S SI A? tfe (5an (CA'm Z?m' Am', various friends and

relatives.

S ^ "fc it fSan ^chw'an (Chi 'met, most excellent.

3 y ,San fCliiin, a general, the army.

S ^ fflJ iSan fCh'un 'liu, a kind of acacia plant.

S JCI' H ^ <San ^sin 'rh' V, undecided, irresolute.

3 ^ (San (Sing, "three stars," happiness, emolu-

ments, long life.

S W X 1^ (Saw fkang 'lou ^ch'anc/, the 3 Bonds and

5 Constant Virtues.

^ ^ (San (kwang, " three lights," the sun, moon and

stars.

S ?B t0 (San 'Hang ko', two or three.

]3 ^ 2 ^ ISan ^nien 'lou ^tsal, three or four years.

3 ^ ,<San 'paw, " three planks," a boat.

H <^» (San fSZ, "three thoughts," think thrice, be

careful.

3f^ fSan tap, father, grand- and great-grandfather.

3^23 (San ,tien 'wu jih', three or four days, a

few days.

EASY STEPS IN CHINESE STUDIES. Ill

^ 3£ 5*5 (San 'wu ^tien, three or four days, a few days.

S W M '^ (San ^yen 'liang chu', a few words.

^ ^ Tsai' fSan, again, and a third time.

H S flB ^ tl (Sci^ (Sz ^rh heu' ^shincf, think thrice,

then act.

^ 3E )JS S (San 'tou ^ehUng ^ohUn, three or five make

a group (used respecting unlawful meetings.)

112 EASY BTEPa m CHINESE STUDIfiS.

LESSON XXX.

Furtiier Exercises on Numerical

Expressions.

Four, Five and Six.

29 ^ '^2' (C^ih, the four limbs (man).

29 iH 'S^' ^chih, square, a map.

23 ^ ^ 99 &' chih' ffgn fining, the four boundaries

clearly defined.

Eg ^ &' ch'u', all around, everywhere.

pg )\\ Sz' fCh'uan, "four streams," Szechuen.

pEj ;^ /S» ' cfang, square, the four cardinal points.

29 tM '5*' '^''''*'' "four seas," everywhere.

29 ~F 'S^' Ma', all round, everywhere.

^ &' iUn, the neighbours all round.

pg Ig Sz' lu\ "four roads," on all sides.

29 ffi 'S^' mien'', all round, everywhere.

29 ffi A 3i^ S^^ mien' ^pa (fang, a cube, everywhere.

29 ^ A IS '^^' sP% «/"« '*"«") firm, substantial.

29 h5J "Sz' saw', dispersed all over the place.


gg ^ &' fsMnff, the four tones.

pg ^ iSs' cAP, the four seasons.

H$ &' s*^*') tlie four seasons.

E9 iS /V^ Sz\tûng ^pa 5 t<z, a thoroughfare, in every

direction.

3£ 3^ 'l^w t/o'J^', five quarters, E., S., W., N., Centre.

BE 3^ ^ ' JFm ,/«<« hsioMg'f a five-tenths likeness, a

profile.

^ ^ ' IFm j/«, the five blBSsings.

S }^ '^ 'l^w s/m ss' Viae, the Empire.

5E ^^ A 'f'P'^" sângf ^pa ,<so, small tradesmen.

5 S^ " ^" t'*^")^''^^ ^*'^ drum or watch. 3 or 4 a.m.

3£ 'g'' PFm ( Atân, the five senses.

^W&^^ *TFm %'m ich'ang Jan, full beard.

S /^ '^" 'i«'a«', the five colours.

3£ jg 'PFm ts'ang\ five viscera: heart, spleen, liver,

lungs and kidneys. (See Lesson XXV.)

}?; Iljfiiw' '/m, the abdominal viscera.

;^ ^ Liu^ hsiln\ six decades of days or years, a cycle.

A? + ?£ ¥ -^*'«'s*^"'^ ^hualiChia, a cycle of 60 years.

16


LESSON XXXI.

Furtlier Exercises on Numerical

Expressions.

Seven, Eight, Nine and Ten.

•^ ^ /\, M. iT'sili ^tsang ^pa Huan, long and short,

scandal.

•"tj Jff /\ f ^T'sili ^cM ^pa k'ou\ seven or eight parts

in ten.

•^ ^ (T'sih ch'iao', the eyes, ears, nostrils, mouth :

7 holes.

•ij M (T'sih ^ch'tnc/, the seven passions.

-t ^ (T'sih ^hsi, 7th evening of the 7th month.

't M (T'sih (hsing, seven stars ; Charles's wain.

"tl 3^A |jiC (T'sih ' ku (pa ch'a\ at loose ends, tangled.

-b ^ A M (T'sih ^ling ^pa lo\ scattered about in all

directions.

"fc A ^ iS (T'sih ,pa (Cheng ^7-h, seven or eight to

one in favour.


-fc^ /\ KI (T^sih 'shou fpa 'cMao, too many cooks spoil

the broth.

-t ;^ /V 4"* (T^sih toi^ ^pa ' siao, different sizes.

"b Ij^ /Vl? (T'sih 'tsui ^pa ^shS, conflicting opinions,

a tattler's gossip.

•^J s /V ^ (T'sih ^yin ^pa ^yil, conflicting opinions,

a tattler's gossip.

/\ 1^ jPa jc/i't, the eight banners at Pekin.

j\^^ (Pa ihang ^shu, Chinese note-paper.

/V flil cP<^ ^hsien, the eight worthies.

j\ ^ fPa fko, the raven.

j\^ '^ (PC' c^*'* s ^^) niusical boxes.

•fl^ 1^ 'Kius tsanff, a name of Pekin.

^ iC 'Kiu( kianff, 9 streams, Kiukiang.

^ jl>I>I'Kiu fChou, the nine provinces, everywhere.

^ ^ 'Kiu iCh'uan, "the nine springs," hell: the

grave.

•^ ^ 'Kiu 'pin, the nine ranks or grades.

^ ^ — ^ 'Kilt 'su P ^sMng, a very narrow escape.

^ ]^ 'Kiustsu, the nine generations.

"t* ^ £iS/K7t ^ch'uan, complete, perfect.

"f* 1§ iShih 'cJdh, the ten fingers.

-p ^ ;^ —• 5)SAi7f {/wn (is^! .^zA, one-tenth.


"f* SJ t® iShih Jai ko\ nearly ten.

^Wi^WL iSMh o' ipu s7ie\ the ten unpardonable

crimes.

"t* A ^' iShih fpa 'sheriff, the 18 Provinces of China

Proper.

"f* ^^ ^ ^Shih ftien pan' yiieh', 10 or 15 days.

-|* i^ ^ ^Shih tzu' fChieh, cross streets.

-f*^ /^ }^ iShih 'yeu ^pa 'kiu, eight or nine chances

in ten.


LESSON XXXII.


Expressions.

A Hundred, a Thousand.

W ^ W ^ ^Pai chan' 'pai sheng^, always victorious.

W ^ j^ 'Pa? (kia Jising', The Book of Surnames.

"g" 15 W §^ 'P'^'i 'ch'iao ^pai ^ning, all kinds of abilitj.

S" JS A "f* 'Pai ii-h ,pa ishih, 8Q or 100.

"^ ^ g' 14* 'Pai ^fa 'pai chung', always successful.

g' *§" 'Pai fkivan, all the officers of government.

W ^ ^ ^ 'Paiinien ^chih hou\ after death.

g" :^ ]^ j^ 'Paisnien pu ' yU\ an extremely rare event

W IS '-^^* cjjcwi, many kinds, various.

W ]^ '-f'''*' **'*') ^*50 years (of age).

g"-f* fl3 ^Pai isJiih ko^, upwards of 100.

§g){ 'Pae show', wild animals, beasts.

"5" ^ '^'''^" «'<^'*') a million, countless numbers.

§ ^ j^ ^ '^«* Man' fChihfu', exceedingly wealthy.


^ ^ W 'S cTsieii ^cli'i 'pai kuaP, very strange.

=^ ^ ^Tsien Jcin, a thousand pieces of gold, your

daughter.

^ ^ fTsien (fang, versatile, versatility.

^ 3J^§ f j- (Tsien Jang 'pai chp, by hook or by

crook.

•^ 5^ ^ g: (Tsien (hsin wan' (Jcu, extreme hardship.

^ j^ ^Tsien ^ku, ancient times.

^ M ^ (Tsien Hi ching', a telescope.

"f^Wli (Tsien Hi 'yen, „

=f- fp ^Tsien ^nien, 1,000 years.

^ Ig" (Tsien 'pai, 1,100, above 1,000.

^^WiVCi (Tsien pien' wan' hua', changeable.

^ ^ (Tsien sui', 1,000 years ; a kingly title.

^ (Jj ^ /^ (Tsien ^sJian wan' 'shui, far and wide.

T^ *W* M J® (Tsien (Su loan' 'hsiang, full of thoughts.

^ ^"^ (Tsien tzu' ^wen, 1,000 Character Classic.

^ M (Tsien wan', 10 myriads, by all means.

^ M 'T» (Tsien ivan' pu', don't on any account.


LESSON XXXIII.


Expressions.

A Mtraid, a Half.

M Wi Wan^ c^fu, innumerable blessings, a woman's

salutation.

j^ ^ Wan' hsing\ great happiness.

^ — Wan'' (-yih, just a possibility.

^ -jjfWan' 'kii, from the most distant ages.

M ifi ^ ^ TFixw' 'ku ct'sien ^cMu, all antiquity.

1^ ^ ^ iS IFcin^ 'kua ^Ung ^chih, the slicing punish-

ment.

^ 9 ^ j|i[>| TFixn' s^KO VA/m ,c7jom, the world.

H M ;S Ilk ^«"' '^^ cC^'«w5' sc/j'^n^', the Great Wall.

^ ^ jQ ^ TFan' o' ,too (i/en, outrageously wicked.

H ^ fra?i' peP, 10,000 fold.

^ 'TJ fiibfFfl'i'pw' fPing, on no account able to.

in /f> ^ B TFizn^ pw^ s«e'«', to be obliged.

120 EASY STEPS lU CHINESE STUDIES.

^ ^ Wan' sui\ a myriad years, the Emperor.

M^M Wan' sui' ,yeh, "lord of 10,000 years," thei

Emperor.

^ ^ Wan' sJdh', "the myriad affairs," everything.

^ ^ Wan' sh6u\ the Emperor's birthday.

^ H T"» RT TFan' ii;an' pw' '/;o, you must not on any

account do it.

H^—^ Wan' ^lou i' ^sJdh, not one failure in 10,000,

perfectly safe.

^ ^ Wan' wu', "the myriad things," all things in

creation.

^ ^ Pan' ^cliieh, half, a large piece.

:^ tfl ^ Pan' fChung ^yao, the waist.

:^ -g^ ^ Bj^ Fan' ^han pan' tu\ half-concealed, half-

confessed.

^ i^ -TJ ^ Pcin' lisin' pu' chiu', the worse for wear.

^ fg ^ ^ Pa7i' hsin' pan' î, half-believing, half-

doubting.

^ M S Po.^' Jisuan (ûng, in mid air.

i^ @ Pan' ko', half.

^ Îj Pa)i' A'o', a little while, a brief space.

^ ^ ^ ^l^ Pan' ^kimg pan' ^su, half-public, half-

private.

^ /J§ Pan' lu', half way.

^ ^ Pan' ^nien, half the year.


^ "§ Pan^ 'pai, half a hundred, 50 years old.

^ ffi ? Pan' peP 'tsz, a middle-aged person.

^ :^ -T* ^ Pan' ^shen pu' ^shui, half paralysed.

^ ^ Pan' ^sMng, middle aged.

^ ^ ^ ^ Pan' s,«/ieM(? j)m* ^shu, half ripe, half

cooked.

^ 5E^ vS Paw' *iit pit' j/oto, dead and alive, life-

less.

^M.^ -P^**' *«"'s''^«)

h^lf ^^^ way.

^ ^ Pa?i' ftHen, half a day ; a long time.

3^ ^ Pan' 'isai, half a year.

^ ^ Pan' yeh', half the night : midnight.

^ ^ ^ 1^ -^'«"' cP^ P"-^' sJ/«"5'> '^^^f bl'acfe, half

white.

=^ ^ ? Pa«' '«/M '<«^, a stutterer.

16


LESSON XXXIV

Common Words in Combination.

Tea, Wine, etc.

^ JL sC'/t'a ,c/m', a tea-poy.

^ J^ ^Ch^a 'cJuu, tea and wiae.

^ ^ iCh'a t^hu, a tea-pot.

^ S^ sC/j'a 'kuan, a tea-shop.

S lf> sC'/t'a (pe/, a tea-cup.

^ ^ sC/j'a ' ivan, a tea-cup.

^ ^ jCA'a ye/i', tea (in leaf).

jS ^ 'C/im cA'«', breath smelling of wine.

S ^ ' ^^"'^ iCh'ien, " wine money," a cumshaw.

^ S ' t'/iwschung, a small wine cup.

S /S 'C'/tm jAii, a dinner, a banquet.

}S §]| 'C/rtM 'kwan, a wine-shop, an eating-house.

j]@ fi 'C/«'« Uang\ a man's capacity for wine.

S ^ *C/w'u iP'ing, a wine bottle.

S ®? t!x IQ 'C/mm <6i«j' /au' ^pao, to have eaten and

drunk one's fill.


^ @ lYen tap, a pipe.

lIQ ^ li^ J® (Yen tap 'tsui ^rh, the mouth-piece of a

pipe.

'M. ^ (Yen yeli', tobacco in leaf.

^M. ^ c^^" 'c/man, a cigar.

15 iân', boiled rice, food, a meal,

fi ^ Fan' 'kuan, an eating-house.

1!^ ^ iân ' ( A«o, the pot in which food is cooked.

^^Fan\shih, food.

15 1^ Fan' (tan, a napkin or bib.

15 ^ iâw' tsâP, rice and vegetables, food.

gj! 7«im'', drunk, intoxicated,

^ ^ Tsui' han', a drunken man.

^ ^ 2««««' '^M«, an habitual drunkard.

^ 52 Tsui' 'ssn, dead drunk.

8^ flj TsmP 'too, to fall down drunk.

^ "j* 7'«mP 'liao, drunk, intoxicated.

B^ 'T* T y*'"' pu' Hiao, incapable of being drunk.

ffi^ fiS ^ T Tsui' ^hu ^t'u Hiao, stupidly drunk.

'M. M c^'^'* t''*"^tobacco ashes.

S S fil J® c^«'» '««' c*"o s'»"^'>ttie bowl of a pipe.

j^ i t^'^" '^'^5 opium.

124 EASY STEPS IN 'CHINESB STDDIES.

LESSON XXXV.

Common Words in ComTbination.

Cotton, Silk, Oil, and Water.

^ -fE <.M.ien Jiwa, raw cotton.

'f^ •?£ ^ iMien Jiiua 2Ju', cotton cloth, calico.

IS ^ i^fien Jisieh, -wadded shoes.

^ ^ jMen hsien', cotton thread.

jfg 'j^ ^ ^Mien î 'sJianc/, cotton clothes.

IS ^ ? iMien ip'ao 'tsz, wadded gown.

^ -f yft (Mien Us: iyiu, cotton seed oil.

^^ cSz, silk, raw silk, small, minute, etc.

^ ^ fS2

shao, the least, the slightest.

i^^ -^l^ |g (Ss Jiao ipii t'so\ exactly right.

^ ^ c"^- Jiîen', silk thread.

J|§ 5^ ^ ^ (Sj sâ? ^Jiao chû\ a very little, the least

bit,

^ ^ fiSz jZo, crape, gauze, silk ; matrimony.

^ ^ , Ss (tai, silk ribbons, braid.

^.i^-f-fS: Itoo 'tsz, silk edging or fringe.

EASY STEPS IN CHIi^BSB STUDIES. 125

'?fl c Yi>t, oil.

?ft ^ s^*w (C/t'i, oil colour, varnish, lacquer.

?ft ^ IS i^'i'^ (Ch'i tsiang', painters, varnishers.

fiil IK 5^'''" 'c/w/(, oil paper.

y® jfS s^^" Jtsiang, oil boxes.

Vfi ^ i 17m pw', oil cloth.

'?ft D^ i'i'5 s-^"' '^*''* c^"'''* s^^'^j "greasy lips, slippery

tongue," eloquent, glib.

jfi ?• sI'*M '^^'J) oily mouthed.

/^ fM 'Shiti 'chang, to flow in ; flood tide.

/(TC ^ '<S/mi c/i'e, a water-wheel (for irrigation).

/^ Ml '•SAtfi 'chiao, fare by water.

7K ^ 'fS/tMi idling, crystal.

/d'C ^ 'S/«i«2 t /iM, a kettle.

"^ 'J^^'^'Shui 'huo ^ivu ^ch'ing, fire and water

don't agree.

j)}( ^ '»S/iM? s^MO, fresh fruits.

^ 1^ 2p^ '5/iMi Zm^sP'^'^5'

'<^"5 I "'^ish you a pleasant

journey.

7jl( fl '«SAm« ilung, a pump, a fire-engine.

/d'C it 'T* flS 'SImi 't'upu' J'li, climate don't agree with.


LESSON XXXVI.

Common "Words in Combination.

Rice, Meat, Fruit, and Cooking.

^ 'Mi, rice, seeds.

^ tS ^Mifeu^, cooked rice or millet.

^ )^ 'M 'fin, rice flour.

^ 1^ 'Mi f^k''ang, rice husks or chafl".

i jf 'if/ /«', rice.

^ 15 'Jfi Jiang, food in general, rations.

;^ ^ 'xlfe mien', rice and flour, rice flour.

^ ^ 'Mi ( i'ajjgr, congee, bounce, flattery.

^ iS '^^'- '"'"'' ^ ''^°® shop.

0^ Jom', meat, flesh.

^J )r J°'"-^ 'p'ien, a slice or slices of meat.

^ ^ "^0"' P'^'j ''^ butcher's shop.

^ ^ /om' fS/ie«, the body.

^ rff >^ow' .s/h'A', a meat market, abattoir.

^ 1^ -'^"^c^^) shreds of lean meat.

^ B^ Jbu' 'j/en, " flesh eyes," dull sighted, blind

(abusive).

EASY STEPS IN CHINESE STUDIES. l27

H Tsâi', vegetables, victuals in general.

3^ ® J® Ts'ai' 'clLung ^rh, vegetable seeds.

3^ IK TsâP fan', vegetables and rice.

^ 77 Ts'ai' (tao, a chopper, a kitchen knife.

sK Bl "f Ts'aP c,yuen 'tsz, a vegetable garden.

^ nn '-/^'^'o sP'^M) fruits generally.

^ tJC '^mo tom', fruit trees.

^ -f '/rwo 'tsz, fruit.

J^ Jl ^ '^t«osyuen ' fee, an orchard.

!^ tS/iao, to burn, to roast ; to boil.

j^ ^ c SAao 's/iMz, to heat water.

!^ ^ cShaojoii, to roast meat.

!^ ^H ^Shao ^cJii, to roast a fowl.

'M S cSî-'io

sc/t'a, to boil tea.

'M 'M (Shao ping\ fever.

!^ A c'S'Aao VtMo, to light a fire.

1^ S iShao 'chiu, whiskey, ardent spirits.

1^ ®f < SAao 'ping, name of a round wheaten cake.

I^ i\j (Shao hua\ to burn up, to consume.


LESSON XXXVII.

Common Words in Combination.

The Cardinal Points.

y^ f'Tung, the east, the place of honour, spring,

master.

"M. ^ tTung ^chia, a master, a host.

^ ^ (Tung ^rh, a spread, a meal (for guests).

^ ^ ( Tung (fang, the eastern regions.

"M. M tTu7ig Jisi, east and west ; a thing, things.

"MMM^ <Tung Jisi ,nan 'pei, E. W. S. N. (the

fixed order).

^ j^ ;^ /Tung (gang ^ch'e, a jiurilisha,

^ (Hsi, the west, European.

® JR, ( ^^^ , ^v.a, the water-melon.

M © (-^-^'* jAiMo, western countries, Europe.

^ ^ j^si |.p?Vn, on the west side, westward.

15 J^ ti7.si ^yang, the western ocean, foreign countries.

j^ 5 Nan, south.

rS ^ jiVaH ^ching, Nanking, the southern capital.

EASY STEPS IN CHINESB STtlCIES. 129

S "^i ! -^^" c/i^"5'> the southern regions, in the south.

iS M iNan mien'', facing the south ; the Emperor.

^ ^ ;^ g c^Nan iyang ta' ^ch'en, superintendent of

southern trade.

^t 'Pei, north ; to oppose, to retreat, perverse.

4t "^ 'Pei ^clung, Pekin, the northern capital.

4t S 'JPei^cU, the North Pole.

4fc ^ 'P«' (fang, the north.

:}fc .^ 'Pez 'ioif, Charles's wain, the " dipper."

•Iti j¥ ;^ E 'P«' iijang ta' iCh'in, superintendent of

northern trade.

tft fihung, the middle, central ; among, in ; half.

t^l ^ (Gluing chien', in the middle, within, between.

rft ^ ^Chung chien', a witness.

4* ® fChung ^kuo, China.

l^t ^ (Chung 'teng, the middle class.

tjt ^[» ^Chung wai\ within and without ; native and

foreign.

fp 13 (Chung yung', capable, efficient.

pfj ft* S5 fChung chung ^ti, middling, passable.

4* ip m (Chung ^hua ^huo, China.

tft ^ (Chung (hsi, China and Western nations.

4* *T» 4* (Chung puh' (Chung, Hit or not? Succeeded

or not ?

17

130 EASY STEFS in CHINESE STUDIES.

LESSON XXXVIII.

Common Words in Comlbination.

The Four Seasons, the Yeae.

^ JJhhui, spring.

^ ^ ^Ch'un chi', the spring season.

§ ^ I'-'fi'un ^c/iHu, spring and autumn; age.

§ 5^ Jlihat Jieii, a spring day, s})ring weatbor.

^ M (Ch'iui 'i/ii, spring rains.

g IJsia', summer.

g Q Bsia' jih\ a summer day.

g /fU i7.s/a' pw', grass cloth.

S ^ i7sia' (f'i'en, summer time.

g ^ i7s/a' yveh\ the summer months.

^ fCh'iu, autumn.

Wi ^ (Ch'iu ^/cn, autumnal equinox, a term.

^k f^ (Ch'-i.ii hou, in the autumn.

Wi ^ (Ch^iu 'n/tui, the autumnal assizes.

Wi JJl tCh'iu

s//c(;/^, cool.

^ (Tung, winter.


^ ^ ^Tung cliX, the winter solstice.

^ jKi i.Tung Jiua, a kind of pumpkin.

^ ^ ^Tung 'sun, edible bamboo shoots.

^ ^ fTung ^tHen^ winter, a winter's day.

^ J^ /Tung yueh\ the 11th month.

^ ?>t! ^ ^ ;iV^!'en c/«'' (fo Ja', how old are you?

^ "^ f,2\lien fu\ "rich in years," middle-aged, in

one's prime.

^ i^ ilîen (kao, advanced in years.

^ ^ sJVz'eK jZao, one advanced in years.

^ ^ iNien sup, years.

^ SK s-ZV«^« s^'ou, beginning of the year ; crops.

^ I® ~F (.Nien 'ti hsia\ the end of the year.

^ ;S iîen 'chang, the elder.

^ ^ iNien 'sliao, young, youthful.

^ fS 65 iNien ^cliHng ^ti, young.

^ SB s-^2^" <'^"\ years, time, years of age, a person's

age.

fp ^ c Nien (king, year of one's birth.

^ |§ c Nien 'li, new year presents.

i^fjj 5 iView 5 chieh, the new year, winter holidays.

^ fîM" iî^n iCh'eng 'hao, a good year for crops, etc.


LESSON XXXIX.

Common "Words in Combination.

Compounds and Combinations with Q self.

g 2 Tsz'' 'ki, self, one's self.

Q g, _\ 7sc' 'la ijen. very intimate.

g ^ Tsz^ fCli/a, one's own family, one's self.

S ^ 2k' ^ch^ien, humble.

Q ^P 7'm' (C/h'A, conscious of, to know one's self.

g •^ J[JJ, f^ Tsz^ (Chin 'i hou'', from this time forth.

S ffi 2>s' c/h'k', to commit suicide.

Q ^ 2".?-:' 'c/h<, to assume consequences.

Q ^ j2^ m Tsz' 'chic fChih ^chhian, sovereign rights,

free will.

@ ^ ^*^'ij'^^t 6ase, certainly, naturally.

Q ^ ^ Tsz' Jan ^tih, of course, natural, certainl3^

§ ^ 6^ 51 Tsz'' Jan ^tih ' li, a necessary truth.

§ 1^ iil ?JS Tsz' 'Icu 'i Jal, from ancient times till

now.

@ ^ Tsz 'J/.'tja, to boast.

9 ?K A ^«~' ;''«* '^"""j matches.


S 111 ^ ^*^' fining fChunc/, clocks, self-striking

blocks.

Q ^ Tsz' pien', convenient to one's self.

@ ;^ ^s^' •s^«/*'j self opinionated.

Q 3^ Ti^r' ia', self important.

S ft ^'^'^ tsai^, to be one's self, composed, self

possessed.

S f^ S ^ Tss' tso' tsz' shou', yon must take the

consequences of your own acts.

Q JS ^^'•'~'s^^"j satisfied with one's self.

@ ^5; J^'Ss' itshmg, since, from that time.

g Jtt; Ts:' 'te'(^ from this time forth.

S W S ^ '^"''^s.y*'^

^^^' '.?/"> t° ^^''^ t° one's self.

@ S il ft T^sz' ^yu tsz' 'tsai, at liberty, free.

Q jg Q '[g Tsz' yuen' tsz' hen', blaming one's self.

@ ffl1^^''' 'y^''^9i t° ^^^ one's own discretion ; to use

one's self.

9 ^7 $ Tsz' ^hsing cli''e, an auto-car.

g J^ Tsz'^man, self-satisfied ; to boast.

^^Tsz' ,ch'ih, self-control.

@ 3K ''ikTsz' Jai 'shui, water from a tap.

@ $^ M IM Tsz' ft'ou Jo 'wanff, to expose one's self

to danger [a trapJ.

@ -T* ''J'* 'd'Tsz' pu' 'hsiao Jisi?!, to be careless of

one's self


LESSON XL.

Other Pronominal "Words and

Expressions.

^ ; Ch'i, lie, she, it, its, the, that, they.

fnj j/Zo, who ? what ? which ? how ? wliy ?

^ Ko', each, every, various.

^ ^ Ko' chhi', everywhere.

^ J^ iTo' hsiang', every sort or kind.

:g- ^ ^o' s/(?n, each person, every one.

^ ^ S ^ ^^°' 'Aifan tc/«'i s/»'A', each attends to his

own affairs.

;^ flfc —• |p] Ko' kiing'' V -Js'Ti, each to tell a different

story (in evidence).

^ ^ Ko' Jcuo, each or every country.

^ flfi ]^ Zo' ti' tfang, every place. '

# il if IM -^^''^' '^''"''' ;•"" ;'''^"'' let each follow his

own convenience.

^ ^ Ko' yang\ each or every sort.

fiASV STEPS IN CHINESE STUDIES. 135

^ W M ;S 1^°' 'y" '*" <,ch'ang, each has his own

strong point.

^ IE ^ A Ling' chmg' ,fa Jen, a wife, your wife.

-^ ^ Lm^' jc/h'A, your cousin or nephew.

•^ 52i Ling' Jishing, your elder brother.

-^ ^ ^ Ling' ^hao ^fang, your father and mother.

-^ MB Ling' ; Za?!^, your son.

^ H^ Ling' ti\ your younger brother.

lî^ M f® A '^^ '"^'^ ^"' si^"» yo^ (speaking severely).

"0^ ^ •^ ?K '-^*s^'^* P" ' s ^"^j '"^^^ y°^ coming or not ?

13^ ffl ffi'-^^ (Wera 7ia, you two, both of you.

i^^'^î'ii-'o, you and I.

f?n ?^ -7* î '-^'' 'iô ]ju' tui', you and I don't agree.

^ 1P5 ^ A '

'^''' '"^"£^'^ j'^'*' ®'''*^^' °f '^^^

^ 31 ' iVo pei' we, us.

•^ ^ 'TFo 'Jen^, we, us.

fi W ISq cT'a hai' 'wo, he and I.

flil iK t® A cT'a 'na ko' J6n, that person.

Pll ^ sLsa ^chia, I, me, myself.

Dg 1^ 5 7 6a ^ti, mine; 'Tm j«i, why? why so?

136 iSASY StBPS IN CHINESE STUDIES.

LESSON XLI.

Other Pronominal Words and

Expressions.

1^ 5 Shui, who, whose ? what ?

ffi ^ c 5/iMi ^chia, of what family ? whose ?

i§ MS F3 iShui ^ch'iao ^mijii, who knocks at tlie door?

dfi A tSliui ^jen, what person ? who ?

iS /f» ^[1 (Shui jm'' ^cJuh, who doesn't know that?

B.am 7B a ^^ ^Sliui shih\shui (fc'i, who is right, and

who wronff ?

IS 65 ^ :^ jS/u(/ ji//i jpw shih', whose fault is it?

ffi iU 'f* fl (Shici 'yeh pu^ Jising, no one would do.

[I@ c^Tsa, 1, me.

"& ^ i'^^^'^ ^clda, I, me, myself.

•© iPI s^'''^ (?)ic«, we, us.

"9 ffi ffi s7«a (?nera 'Zia, we, both of us.

Pg ffi 65 i^^sa (Wert (</A, our, ours.

K =& A '^0 ^o' J««. i> myself.

^ ^ ' W'osA«o, our country.

BAST STEPS IN OHIKESB STUDIBS. 137

K m "01? ' TFo s^fi 'mi, I and you, I with yon.

^ 'Wu, I, me.

^ ^ '^M (hsiung, my brother (complimentary).

^ g 'PFm ^pei, we, us.

^ ^ 'Wu 'teng, we, us.

.'S s ^^) simple, stupid, ignorant, I.

j§ HH sFm jc/io, rustic, simple.

^lîYii 'ch'un, stupid, simple.

^ I"! s-^" Jisiung, stupid elder brother ; I,

j§j ^ sTii ^jen, a stupid person.

iS( S s-^ jwin, the simple people, the common people.

^^ iYu ti', "your stupid younger brother ;" I.

^T iYil hsia\ I.

j^^ sFm iChS, the stupid one, I.

^ 6^ Bis '^^ c** t"*' ^^^ mine ? where is mine ?

K fP5 ^ A '^^ c'"«« sô si*") 6ôh of us.

^ 'Tsin, what ? how ? why ?

i^ S '^ 'Tien jwio yang', in what way ? how ?

18


LESSON XLll.

Religions.

^ Chiao', to teach, to command, a doctrine, a sect.

WL ih ^/««o' hua\ to instruct, to convert.

Sfc ^ Chiao' hui\ a church.

^ ^ Cliiao' (tong, a chapel.

Hjj; ^ Chiao 's/iii, a teacher, a professor.

^ ^K C/ijao' 'kuan, a school, to teach a school.

^ P3 C'/w'ao' jwiera, a sect, disciples.

I8t S Chiao' 'i/u, a church member.

^ ,i^o, Buddha.

^^ (Fo chiao', Buddhism.

^ ^(Fo hsiang', Buddhist images.

^ ^(Fo (k^an, little shrine of Buddha.

1^ P3 ^ ? f-'^'' i'^"' **' '^««) a disciple of Buddha.

^ ^ ,i?b 'shou, " Buddha's hand," a kind of citron.

^ Ijjl , Fo ' <«u, Buddha.


'B^ (Fo ii/eh, Buddha.

f§ (Seng, Buddhist priests.

f^ ^ (Seng ^chia, Buddhist priests.

f^ \ cSdng Jen, Buddhist priests.

© ft? (SSng jsu, spiritual and secular; priests and

laymen.

f^ ^ ^Seng tao', Buddhist and Taoist priests.

140 BASY STEPS IN CHINESE STUDIES.

LESSON XLIII.

Religions—{continued).

f^ sSh&n, spirits, spiritual, god.

Sf H ^ fS iSMn ^ch'ai 'kuei 'sJiih, spiritual emis-

saries.

jp^ ^ sSheng ch'i', the spirit, eagerness.

?if ffl ^ ^ iSkeng ^ch'u 'kuei mo', marvellous,

astonishiag.

Wf fill iShSng fhsien, fairies, genii.

ffi? ^ sSheng ' kuei, spirits and devils.

1$ ^ iSMng

Jling, spiritual, the spirit, soul, gods.

^ 13 sSheng j ming, intellect, intelligent.

W «^» iSheng fSsfi, the thoughts, intellect, etc.

j^ Zao', road, way ; to speak, reason.

W. ifc ^^<^' chiao', the doctrine of Taoism.

Jg ^ Tao '

' hsi, to congratulate.

^ IS Tao' A«ieA', to thank.

^ \ Too' Jen, a Taoist.


j^ g Too' Hi, right principles, reason, right.

^ jf§ Tao^ lu\ roads and ways, a way.

Jj^ "^ Tao' 'nao, condolence in case of death.

^ ^ Tcjo' ipao, a Taoist priest, 6 robe.

^ j; 2'ao' ssft^ a Taoist priest.

^ 2 Tao^ ^t'ai, an intendant of circuit.

^ 3^ ^'''''* s*'"> ^ road.

JL 'K^ung, Confacins :—a hole, an orifice.

JL ^ ^Kung 'ck'ich, the peacock.

JL ^ ^ "F ^Kung ^ch'iao Jing Hsz, peacock's feather

for mandarins.

fL ^ -J 'Kung Joo Hsz, Confucius.

?L ^ A '^*»»5' «A^n^' j_;en, Confucius the sage.

^ 89 <,SMn iining, gods (Taoist).

^ jjij Tie' 'isM, sacrifice to ancestors.

^ S 5-f"" t***^' Buddhist deities (2nd class).

|g ^ jio Aan', „ „ (3rd class).

^ ^ Tsz' yuen', Buddhist monasteries.

^^ iHo shang', „ priest.

Xj] ^ ,Kung ^teh, merit.

j^ @ ^Shau fhsiang, burning incense.

i it cS^O" '"'«>>.

paper.

J: ^ -SAan^r' «;', God.

5 ^ FmA' <«', the god of the Taoist.


^ ^ Miao' ^yii, Taoist temples.

^ , T'sien, bamboo divining rods.

^ ^iCh'iu ft'sien, to divine.

JlJjk U fiSm jsAen, the soul.

;^ pj^ ^KHeu 'yil, praying for rain.

M i$ £ ^••*'iisMn, god of riches.

S ^ fiSan ft'sing, the three pure ones.

S K c'S«'* 'pao, „ „ precious pure ones

^ ^ Nien' (king, chanting prayers.

SI ^ cKuan fijin, the goddess of mercy.

EAST STEPS IN CHINESE STUDIES.' 143

LESSON XLIV.

Relationship, Kindred.

^ (Fu, a husband, a man, any working man.

^^ (Fu (ChH, husband and wife.

^ \ fFu ijen, a wife, a lady.

^ ^ ^Fu 'tsz, a sage, teacher, husband ; yon.

^ Fu', a father, a title of respect.

^ jPi-'^''** (CliHn, one's father.

^ -^ jFm' 'mw, father and mother.

^ '^ W -^«' '»i!< ,feMaw, district and prefectural

magistrates.

^ ^ -f^it' *tsz, father and son.

^ ^Tsz, a son, child, progeny, a viscount.

^ jg *T«2 ^chih, sons and nephews.

^ _g Tss jwrn, the people.

^ ^ Tss *?iM, sons and daughters, children.

? j^ '^*^ <***"' descendants.

^ ^ 'Tss isJdh, 11 to 1 o'clock, midnight.


J-f^'Tsz tP, sons and younger brothers ; young

folks.

51 ,Hsiung, an elder brother ; a term of respect.

SL St (Hsiung 'chang, a senior, Sir.

}rii -^ (Hsiung ^t'ai, "eminent brother," a term of

respect.

_J1 f^ ^Hsiung ti', a younger brother,

^ (Ko, an elder brother.

"if % 1P1 1-^" s^^' (inen, brothers.

j|5 ^Ku, a father's or husband's sisters; a girl, a

maiden.

^ ;^ (Ku ^chiu, cousins.

JS5 :^ c^" c/") S' father's sister's husband.

ifi iH. c^w s'^**) indulgent, forgiving, to spoil as a

child.

$j§ ^ ££« fku, a father's sister's aunts.

SS ® c^w '"»", » »

H^WjWi <^" *"'"* ''^'^^ * great aunt. (A married

girl is so called).

iS iM t-^*' t^niang. Miss, a girl.

^ ^ (-STm 'iao, sisters-in-law.

jiS ^ ,Zm s^e/i, a father's sister's husband, a son-in-

law.

^ 5 iS/ju, a father's younger brother, an uncle.

EASY SfBPS IN OMNBSB STUDtfiS. 145

^ i& i'^^'"

s '^^^K uncle and nephew.

^ ^ iShufu', an uncle, a junior uncle.

M fl5 3tL 5l& s-S/jw ^pai fhsiung ti\ older male cousins

f the same name.

19

14(:) EASY STEPS IN CHINESE STtlDlES.

LESSON XLV.

Relationship, Kindred.—{continued).

jji§, 'Tsu, ancestors, a grand father, to begin.

jjifl ^ 'Tsufu', a grand father.

SIE 5E 'I'su fhsien, ancestors.

iB. -t 'Tsu shang\ „

M ^ 'Tsu ftsung, „

Wl ^ 'Tsu 'mu, a grand mother.

WL Iflf'^•'^

c^'"') tlis patriarch of a sect, patron saint.

5|^ 1'i\ a younger brother.

^ 51 ^'' Jtsuiig, brothers.

^ ^ 2'*' mei\ a younger brother's wife.

^-f Ti' 'tsz, a pupil, a disciple.

ffi sf") an uncle ; a senior, a superior.

fS @ s-f^ ! chueh, 3rd rank of nobility, an earl.

f6 ^ iPofu^, a father's elder brother, an uncle.

fl5 ^ s-^" ''*"'' ^ father's elder brother's wife, an aunt.

fS <K s^'' s*^"' uncles on the father's side.

^^^ TaiKj' ( /../cs ' ts.:, kindred of the same surnames.


^ 1^ ^Tsin ^ch'ih, kindred of the different surnames.

Jg ^ £ Yei ^yd. Paternal grandfather.

^ ^ 'Lao5yii, Maternal grandfather.

SJ5 SJJ *-^'** '^'''^ Paternal grandmother.

^ ^ *iao ' Zao, Maternal grandmother.

^ f^ /?0M ' tap, descendants.

^ ^ Êrh 'tsz, son, a boy.

Jg Jg 'Ts^2 '<s^/, elder sister.

^ ^ 3M' mî', younger sister.

§§. ^ Têe mei\ sisters.

^ ^ Shuong^ ,sheng, twins.

148 EASY STBPS m CHINESE STUDIES.

LESSON XLVI.

Relationship, Kindred.—(conhnued).

j^ ^ ,Suen 'tss, a grandson, a son's son.

^h ^ Wai' (S&ng, a granddaughter, daughter's

daughter.

K A (Swen ' nil, a son's daughter.

^Y ^ "A Wdi' fSSncf 'nil, a daughter's daughter.

M ^ ? sTs'ung fSuen 'tsz, a great grandson.

S J^ 3fc sTs'ung^suen 'nil, a great granddaughter.

M I?} M s-^ 'wai 'naz, father's mother's aunt.

^^ ^ il 'lao 'lao, mother's mother's aunt.

^ -^ '/S/iew 'mw, uncle's wife.

^ ^ ^m^ kill', mother's irother.

!^ -^ ^m' 'mu, mother's brother's wife.

iS M 51 ^ c-^" ^^"' fishing ti\ mother's brother's

son.

M M ^ JtL 'Liang -i ti' Jisiung, mother's sister's

son.

2t ^ (^hang^ Ju, husband.


^ J- fChH 'tsz, wife.

^ ^ (Kung fhung, husband's father.

^^ s^'" s J'''")husband's mother.

3t; _\ Chang' ^jen, wife's father.

^ -^ Chang' 'mu, wife's mother.

;^ ^ 'i\^M Am'', a son-in-law.

Hi M ^ s^r/tssi ffu, a daughter-in-law.

^^ '<«zV t/w, a sister's husband.

>'C S "? 2a' Am' '<««, a wife's brother.

/]> ^J" 'Siao ^shu 'tsz, a husband's brother.

J5 ^ '/Sao '<««, an elder brother's wife.

^ lis^*' mez', a younger brother's wife.

M M jCAott *Zi, sisters-in-law.

j^ ^ ^iVa^ 'mw, a nurse.

jS ^ ^Mo' chP, to adopt.

^ ^ (Kan ftie, father (by adoption).

^ Jg tiTan ^niang, mother (by adoption).

^^-f" (Kan c,erh Hse, son (by adoption).

^^ % fffan Sm j^rA, daughter (by adoptiqij,).


LESSON XLVII.

Furniture, etc.

^ ^ fCJio 'tss, a table.

^ ® iCho mien', the top of the table.

^ 1^ ? c^^' ting' 'fsz, a square stool.

W. S '-f*«'i t^ng', a stool, form, or bench.

^ ^ 'Pan iCliHang, a woodea fence or wall.

WL ffi*•?*<«" ^wei', a press, cabinet or wardrobe.

^ Kuei', a cupboard.

?H Jft ,® ^M«' (C/t'oM tHh\ the drawer of a counter,

a till.

U ^ Kuei' ifang, an office or counting-house.

Wi "f cSiang ' tsz, chest or box.

H ^ ,Siang Jang, a granary.

^ ^ JT'mo H^an ', a long high table.

^ Is s-P'*** c/tz'a', basin stand.

^ ^ ,S/iM c/«'a', book case.

S ffi sC/('m te2', a kitchen cupboard.

;jf2 jSJ(Hwa

sp'in^, a vase, a flower jar.

EASV STEPS IK CHINKSE BTtJDIES. 151

?E ^ (flwa52''ew, a flower pot.

^ ^ Ching^ 'tsz, a mirror, looking-glass.

M M'Chiao ,t'ah, a foot-stool.

ft >^ ,SAm fSiang, a book-case.

Jlf |g Jfaw' cAia', hat-stand.

^ ^S -^««' s^''^. a hanging jar.

^ ^ ? sP'in^ (tsai Hsz, a bottle stopper.

^ ^ iP'ing 'tsz, a bottle.

1!^^ iân' (CAo, a dining table.

^ ^Chûang, bed stead.

j^ ,r^«5r, a lamp.

j^ ^ c^^'^S' cAao', lamp shade.

jEj* ^ (3en^ ^hua, lamp wick.*

itT ^ (^^^9 {^"^' *^® lig^* °f ^^^ lamp.

'Jtr 'I!^cênqf fSz'w, the wick.

'JOT SI t2^«'*5' s^""^'' '•' lantern.

)J^ ^ ^Teng 't^sao, rush made wicks.

That particular part of the wick which is alight.


LESSON XLVIII.

Law, Government, etc.

p m Ln' 'fa, laws.

Jg ^ ^ Ting' la' 'fa, to make or enact a law.

-^MW^ K/i' itiao lii'fa', a law.

^ ^ !^ iCIiu hi' 'fa, to do away with a law.

WL^^ 'Ziiz lu' 'fa, to amend a law.

P^ 1^ ^SJieng ^huan, to be promoted.

M 'M 'Fan p^an', a rebel ; to rebel.

^ ^ jZfo ^/we/i', a treaty.

iSt ^ jl^^w ^sJiu, an ofl&cial despatch.

^ ^ ^ <.F^ s**^** £ *^"-'' ^o ^^1^^ an official despatch.

^ ^ f^ ^'^' i^sHen Jiang, to pay taxes.

3^ ^ (7/im^ hung', to pay tribute.

J§ ^ tChuen ^tsHen, to subscribe money.

ii '^ (Ch'ai 'ssti, official business.

W ffi iChueh wei', official rank, nobility, etc.

^ ^ ^Shang j Zi'an^', to consult, to deliberate.

^ ^ Cheng' ssu', national affairs, politics.

^ ® ^ 6^ ^ ^Kxian ^kuo ,chia ,ti ssu', to carry on

government affairs.


^ fKuo, a country, state, or kingdom.

^ 'Sheriff, a province.

jj^ 'Fa, a prefecture.

j\\ (Chou, a division, a district.

^ Hsien^, a district (smaller than the foregoing).

^ ^ (Chinff f^chSng, a capital city.

^ ^ ^Chhiff t^tn, the residence of the Court.

W ^ 'Sheriff icheng, capital of a province.

^ i^ '/ wJ chenff, capital of a prefecture.

^tl WL fihou ^chenff, capital of a district.

1^ 1^ Hsien^ ^chenff, capital' of a smaller district.

^ 3E ! -^"'' ihuang, a king.

y^ 31 S S Ta^ ^yin ^chxien 'chi, Queen of England.

S SS iWang ^yeh, a prince, a king.

^ 3E fC/jm t^ioang, prince of tlie blood.

^ ^ Fii' 'shih, censors.

5^ ^ ^HsiXn ^fu, governor of province, Fu-tai.

'fti iS pj ^"' c/ie«^' fS/«7t, a provincial treasurer.

^ -^ j/'^an ^tai, a provincial treasurer.

^ ^ -^ An^ ^ch'a ^shih, a criminal judge.

^ -^ iV^/Jj' jto', a provincial judge.

20


LESSON XLIX.

Imports.

(Selected from the Customs' Tariff.)

^ IliM iUuang la\ yellow bees-was.

-t^ Hi 'Ping ; la7ig, the betel-nut ; Penang.

^ ^ 'i/a< («/i(6«, beche de mer, sea slugs.

3^ ^ Yen' fWo, swallow's nest, edible bird's nest,

ill ii Jn iThing 'niu kou', brass buttons.

& S ^ jPai <om' Z;'ot«^ white nutmegs, superior

curdamoms.

S^ tl c'^^"' ci^'*! cardamoms, inferior.

^ 'S Jom' kuei', cinnamon.

1* ^ c^''''''5'

chsiaiig, cloves.

'^iAfei, coal.

^ ^ fShan ^hu, coral.

^ i^ 'i¥a 'nao, carnelians.

^ -?£ i Alien ^hua, raw cotton.

6 fii flj s-P«« se' ]iu^, white shirtings.


^ -^^ ^Hsieh ^iven pu', drills, jeans, twills.

En ?2 -flj^"*^ Jiua pu', chintz.

^ ^ ^Mao pu\ ginghams.

^ ijl 'Shou ^chin, napkins, handkerchiefs, towels.

HI ^ ^Hui ijung, fustians.

;ij^ ^ (.Mien fisien', cotton thread, sewing cotton.

jf^ ^^ ^Mten fsha, fine muslin.

^ ^ Hsiang'' ^ya, elephants' tusks, ivory.

'^'^^Yil'tu, fish-maws.

J^ ^ jFm sP'/, fish-skins.

3^ 3^ Jr t-^" t^' p'ten^, window glass.

^ ^ £^'*

tfi^"'«o, glue.

M ^ -*^<'' ^'^o', (an imitative name) myrrh.

?L ^ ''^*' (hsiang, gum olibanum, frankincense.

^ <^ ^ (Sheng ^niu ^pH, hides, untanned leatheiv

•^ ^ jiVi'j ^chiao, buffalo horns.

J@ ^ Zm 'sc/huo, deer's horns.

^ ^ c^'" ^^''*> varnish, lacquer.

^ 4^ JK iShou ^niu\p'i, dressed leather.

IIB S -^ i?«'' ^ma pu', " fine flax cloth," fine linen.

ffi ^ 'fU c^'*" s*"^ pw^! coarse linen.'

^ ||p) (Shou

si'lmcc, manufactured copper.

SE iI3 (Sheng ^t'ung, copper ore.


^ ^ cS/iou 't'ieJi, wrought or manufactured iron.

Sc. Ml (Sheriff 't'leh, cast iron, or " pigs."

M^^M^Mi (Sh'ang ^chuen ^ya ts'aP HHeh,

kentledge, i.e. iron ballast.

^ IJ^' T^leh fSsu, iron wire.

^ ^ ,Ch'ien k'uai', lead in "lîgs."

^ i'^ 'Shut ^yin, quicksilver.

& is s^'^'- fcA'ien, spelter.

§1^ (Kang, steel.

^ jiTi/, tin (also moans to confer, to receive).

Ji§ n ^ ^Îd- 'kôu ^tieh, tin plates.

Wi M s-Ka" îi'j olives.

SS )r '^« p'ww', opium.

]§g f^ ^Hu (Chiao, pepper.

Jg ^ fHsia 'mi, dried prawns or shrimps.

1^ ^ ^Teng Us~, cane, rattans.

^ ^'i^ ^Hsien c^yiX, salt fish.

^^ (Hsiao, Skltpetre, nitre.

ft ^ ^Tân Jisiang, incense made of sandalwood.

^"^ iSu mu, Brazil wood, sapan wood.

;^ ^ jFm cll'îh\ shark's fins (a delicacy).

W.'^^ (SAa iyil ^pH, shark's skin, shagreen.

^ 3|g ^ s//m Ji ip'i, fox skins.


^ H§ iS "-^i' s^'""5' sP'4 sea otter skins.

^ K '-^" sP'^ tiger skins.

f^ j^ Pao' tp't, leopard skins.

M &l K ,jHm« 's/i'M sp'2, grey squirrel skins.

^S S iS s-^'*"'*^"' sP'^ white squirrel skins, ermine.

7jC ^ ^ '/S/w« <'a' ^pH, otter skins.

* 'jja i-f* c^", snuff.

^ ^ jiiw c^huang, sulphur, brimstone.

Jl^ ^ 'Hu ^ku, tiger's bones (medicine for rheu-

matism).

5f^ J^ Tap mei\ tortoise shell.

^ 'San, umbrella, parasol.

Ht S ^ iShih fcJt^en ' piao, watches.

»^ tJv (l^M mu', ebony.

^ ;;^ JHung mu ', red wood.

^^ iChhiang ^chan, blankets.

^ 1^ IJfg JTo 5 ?o jn/, broad cloth, Spanish stripes, etc.^

H? I'M -^*' c«^") English long ells.

J^ ^^ 'Yu fSJia, crapes.

^^'Yil tuan\ Dutch camlets, lastings.

^ 1^ ' ^'*sc/i'oM, imitation camlets, bombazettes.

/]» |]|g^ Hsiao ^ni, cloth, cassimeres.

3^ M ' ^'"s''"^''

Hastings.


^^^ ^Junc| ^mienpu*, woollen and cotton mixtures,

lustres, etc.

tlR ^ iJung listen^, silk thread.

EASY STEPS IN CHINlteB STUDIES. 159

LESSON L.

Exports.

(Selected from the Customs' Tariff.)

Q ^ 5 Pai ifan, alum.

^ {^2 Hsing? ^jen, almonds, apricot seeds.

fg ;j5 Hsin' fShiJi, arsenic.

5IK if£ 'C/h'A fhua, artificial flowers.

^ ^ iCha ehi\ bamboo ware.

^ ^ ^ Liao'' 'shou ^cho, bangles, glass armlets.

^ ^ Tom' 'i«c, pulse ; the nutmeg.

^ ^ 2o)/' 'ping, bean cake.

^ >^ ^ ^ jiVm 'Am jc/io c/ii', bone and horn ware.

^ W- i'^'^ng ^ssii, brass wire.

W flS t^hang 'nao, camphor.

Iff tffi c^a« !'"C"") cantharides.

^ ^ fC/ian 'i^r, felt, druggets.

^ ^ 'Tan 'tsz, a rug or carpet.

^ ^ ie <ss, chestnuts.

i^ H Ts'm c/t'i, China ware, porcelain.


1^ ^ Chu sha, cinnabar.

-0 ^ BS ^" * ./"> cotton clothing.

Di ^ flS Ch'ou i fu, silk clothing.

1^ Tsung, coir, the coir palm.

^ ^ ^>-iJ- fiiianf/, cow bezoar.

5^ ^ Pao chu, fireworks, crackers.

l5 5C -^^'^ zoa;?, curiosities, antiques.

^ ^ ^«' ^iao, black dates.

_^ ^ P'^' tan, preserved ducks' eggs.

^ ® -^'^ 5/(C(H, feather fans.

^J5 51 C/hVj i/iflH, paper fans.

^ ^ /<r');e/ «/(aH, palm leaf fans.

^ ipg Chan mao, felt caps or hats.

TfC 5 '''^" ^''^'' fiJngus or mushrooms.

^ Sua7i'', garlic.

B3 ^ A § (Kuan (turn] Jen ^shen, Mauchurian

ginseng.

^ S ^ (A'ao IP ^shen, Corean ginseng.

^'^^ ^ Ko^ se' liao' ^chu, glass beads (any

colours)

.

f4 ^ Liao' chH', glass ware.

^ ^ ci/j(a (Sheng, ground nuts, pea-nuts.

;g ^ jS/i//i s^-ao, ground gypsum, plaster of Paris.

|§ ^"g ^ io' s^'o, jHiao, camel's hair.

EASY STEPS IN CHINESE STUDIES 161.

[1| ^ ^ (Shan t^yang t^mao, goat's hair.

^ M ' -f^"" " t'ui, hams.

5 ^ iShih i^hiiang, hartall, orpiment, yellow lead.

^ 5 Ma, hemp.

^ S i-^'^^9 '"^'j honey.

^ ^ ^Lu ijung, young deer's horns.

^ Mo', ink, black, obscure.

ifc ^ 'T'l* ^/e?i', dry indigo.

^ ij^ (Ch'ien 'fen, white lead.

11^ ^ izi' sp'i, green leather.

^ ^ LP ^chih, lichees.

^ ^t ^ jC/j/n fCMn is'ia', dried lily flowers.

^ ^ JL/*??! ' tsz, water lily seeds, lotus nuts.

y* ;^ (isTan 'ts^ao, liquorice.

S HI -Swfi*' ^yuan, lung-ngan (a fruit).

j^ ^Hsi, a mat (a repast and entertainment).

J]J^ ^ ,A'«a 'tsz, melon seeds.

^ ffi (Ilsiang hsin', mushrooms.

^ ^ She' Jisiang, musk.

^ /fP 'T'?( ^m', native cotton cloth.

if^ S^Bn iMien pel' (t'ai, cotton bed quilts, palampore..

fS ^ 3^ ' C/ii'a fCMn fChu, false pearls.

^ jS sCAen cp'«, dried orange peel.

?S -^ fSl^"^ s^'o s2/") peppermint-oil.

21

162 EASY STKPS m CHINESE STUDIES.

J^l ^ 5 Yu hua', oil paintings.

^ ^ s-^^'^'' /mo*, pottery, earthenware.

^ IS 1^ ^ •''^*' c/itVn' ^t'ang 'kuo, comfits, preserves.

^ IS iT^^^g ch'V, rattanware.

^ ^ y«' ihuang, rhubarb.

^ ^ ^ fH 'Jfe m'aP jim ^Uang, paddy, wheat, and

-other grains.

^ 1^ 'Zra2 tsiu', agar agar, seaweed.

S itt iChih 5 ma, sesamum seed.

^ ^ ' Zs'ao ^hsleh, straw shoes.

}i^ Jy^ j/?M ,««(«, silk from Hu-chou.

^^Wi '^^^'' iis'an fSsu, wild raw silk.

^ ?^ EM Tuan' fSsfi- ct'ou, silk refuse (a blockhead^.

S ^ sTs'an ' chien, silk cocoons.

ipi^ ^ c'S*" ^«*') silk ribbons, braid.

ill 1^ (Chuan ^chu, Szchuen piece goods.

^H^ s2«a huo\ miscellaneous goods.

B^M iP^ tV^n, snuff.

^ JJ Chiang' ,7/u, soy.

^ l|l| In 'Tsao mao' pien', straw braid.

Q IS s^'^'

si'ting, white sugar.

:^ ||| (Ping ^t^ang, sugar candy.

^ ftb s-^<" sJ"M> tallow.

-^ ^ jC/i'a 2/^/i', tea (in leaf).


^ ^ 5 Hsi ipo, tin foil.

^ i^, (Ten ^ssu, manufactured tobacco.

^ ^ ^Yen yeh', unmanufactured tobacco.

S ^ s-f'* (Ji-sianff, skin trunks.

^ ^ s^'"' ((^ftu, vermilion.

Q Si^ (Pai la\ white, or insect, wax.

tJC f§ iiw' e/t't', wood ware.

^ ^ ^ s^^ien lyang ^inao, wool.


LESSON LI.

Travelling Expressions.

^ f/ff ^ jM CJihi' 'erh fu' 'fan, to go and return

again.

£ 5K C/i'i{' ^lai, going and coming ; having been.

^ /f» t^ Ch'u' pu' ^teli, unable, impossible to go.

S ® C/t'w' ^t'ou, worth going to.

f* f^j Shang' ^chieJt, to go in the street ; to go from

home.

jHj fj (Ch'ii Jisiiig, to go on a journey.

fll P5 t^^^'w i,mm, to go aboard, to go out.

fft 5>|> jCA'm loai', to go abroad.

ffi )S P5 (Cli^u 'yuan ^men, to go on a distant journey.

^ S' '^^.soM cA'a', to take different roads, to go

astray.

^ ^ "j* 'Tsou ^fa 'Uao, weary with travelling.

^ '^ 'T^oM ku'ai', hurry up !

^ J5§ 1^ 'Tsou In ' ^rli, to walk, to travel.

^ M ^ "F '7«0i( pieii' itien hsia', to travel the worldl

over.

KASY STEPS IN CHINESE STDDIES. 165

^ ^ JS ^ ^Tsou pu' huo' ch^il^, can't go across.

^ ^ 5'1 ^Tsou pu^ tao', cannot go to.

^ U^ f^ ^Tsou fang'' f'ang'', to walk up and down.

^ M ]S 'TsoM tao\rh, to walk, to travel.

i^ Wi iCh'i 'ma, to ride on horseback.

Sa.^'f' Tso' citiao' 'tsz, to ride in a sedan chair.

^ j^ 750' ^rA, a passenger.

^ )^S '^*'' iC^^'Uan, to go in a vessel.

^ 5 Using, to walk, to go, to do, etc.

^^ ^ iHsing ^ch^eng, to travel.

^^ 5 Hsing j chuan, to go aboard, to sail, to travel

by boat.

^ _\ ^Hsing ^jen, a passenger, a traveller.

fj ^ jiTs/ngr 'Z?', baggage.

=Rf ^ s-H«iw5'

cchuang, baggage.

fl ^ ?lj iJSsing pu' tao\ had not arrived at, or gone

to.

^^ ?JC iHsing 'shut, to go with the stream.

^^ ^ c^Hsing ^tsou, to travel, to move, etc.

|g 'Kuan, a tea, or eating-house, inn, hall, or school.

^ 1^ 'Kuan P, post-houses or stations.

^ Ku', to hire, to obtain labour for money.

^^ Ku\ cM, to hire a cart.

1G6 EASY STEPS IN CHINESE STUDIES.

M M -^'*' 'chiao, to hire coolies or conveyances.

^ f^ Ku' ^ch'uan, to hire a vessel.

^^\% ^ Ku' pu^ s«e c/«'m', can't find time to go.

^ ^ f^Fang 'tsz, a room, house, office, etc.

S i?3 (Fanff fCkien, a room, rooms.

M ^ t-^'^^^ff f,chHen, house rent.

^ ^ ,Fanff 'chu, landlord.

j^ ^ Jâng ^tung, landlord.

^[ ''Yin, to lead, to guide, etc.

^1 }§ 6'5 '^'w ' cldang ^li, a pilot.

01 »M! IS 6^ '-^"'" ^î'' s''^' c'*j * leader, a guide.

01 K 'itn ^lu' to lead the way.

01 'T* tt ^Yln pu' ^cJtoii, (the fire) won't kindle.

01 Ih X '-^ "' '*'" '^^'«o, to mislead.

^ ^ 'ZrMj^ tai\ to lead, to direct.

^1 Ji/, to leave, to separate ; from, distant from,

^t S ^ 7& s ^* '^^'^' i

''' '^^""') 'ôt far from here

;

near here.

^ S ^ J^ 1-^'^' <^^'^'s'"'* 'yuan, distant from here ^

far from here.

"^^ iLii ( cilia, to leave home.

^ ^ ^ iLi pu' fkai, unable to part from.

^ t^ P^ s-Zî its ^kai, able to part from.


Jl ?^ ^ (Chiang Jai k'eh', an adventurer.

Ifl ^ t-f" ^<^'') bedding.

W 1^ ffl ^ '^''^ ,^''ae (pw leap, unroll the bedding.

& Ific cPao */") ^ traveller's bundle.

Be ^ iff M S ^ M -^'^'''s^'** s«/ien ehiao' lean' (tutifff

^si, look after your things carefully.

^ Bl ^ ^ ji-'w yao' to' i\ don't be careless.

Jt ^ iKang ^tai, to carry (two men).

H ^ '-f*«e?2 tow', a carrying pole.

^ ^ ? iChien ^ta 'tss, money bag.

dK jp§ ;I (Siang, clothes box.

^ ^ //mo (/m, a coolie, a carrier.

^ ^ BS ^ iJ^'fî J<^ 'cMao c^chien, settle with coolies.

-

SiS !^ H '2Yen ftung ^si, count the things.

I® Ml 19 ^ Shveii' (feng Jisiang sung\ may you have-

fair winds.

^ ^ 'Xott 'i«, a hamper.

^ ^ ^ M i^'^^9 *"*^ (iwn^ («i, odds and ends.

/d'C Kl ^ 'Shiii ^cliiao ^c]iien, passage money.

^ ^ ^m' cAao\ a passport.

ii :^ ^ fi^ ^ îSui ^slimtap ^tih ftung^si, personal)

effects.

^ ^ jPa 'shou, a pickpocket.

A ^ M ? *ô js/kA jZaw 'is5, a food basket.


'§" S ^ 'Yiu ^hung shih', to have or be ou public

"business.

^ ^ Piao' 'tsz, tickets.

^ AMM K'eh^ Jen 'sii> p'iao\ take your tickets,

gentlemen.

® ?^ ^ 'Tuan ^p'an 'tsou, to go hj stages.

—' M ^ s

^^^^ ^"^ 'tsou, to go by the same road.


LESSON LI I.

By Land and Water.

IS ffl 7 ^^««' 'i»«o 'K (animals) fed to the full. ^

l§ ft P Wei' fSJien ' k'ou, feed the animals.

"^ f4 ' T'sao liao \ fodder.

BU Hil sTs'i£n 'tui, fore legs.

It ^ Tu' tap, girth.

3^ ^ ' Ta /szen, halt for dinner.

f^ Jii -Hou' Hui, hind legs.

!^ :f , T-i 'fes, hoof.

Wt %% '^ia ,tsung, mane.

Jg T/m', an inn.

^ IH 6^ ' CAawg( hueV (tih, landlord, proprietor,

jg ^ Liu' 'ma, to cool a horse by leading him about.

fij" ^ -Fm' ^chHen, to advance money.

^ ;^ ^ 'i/o js^j'/j c,ch'ien, money for table expenses,

g'g ^ 5 7 cliiao'', a camel litter.

/'< ^ $ *jyo ^lun c,ch'4, railway carriage.

21


^ ^ Ha7i' ki', journey by road.

^ ^ Ân 'tsz, a saddle.

(^ ^ P^^^ ^tna, to saddle a horse.

^T ^ < Tinff 'chang, horse-shoe.

^ .^ * ChH han', take to the road.

^ ^ '_ffa?2 lu\ to travel quickly,

fif S ' Chuan (lean, to turn a corner.

i^ /dt ' Yin 'shui, to water animals.

M-^'^^^M Na' yih' ^tiao la' 'liao ^ni, which

road is best ?

^ J- ^Pien Hsz, whip.

J^ ®B (Ta Viao', put the gangway in place.

/^ fre SS ' -^^s^""

sch'uan, a steamer.

^ ^ sT'Mi^' ;Zm«, to stop a steamer.

Ml ^ ^Feng pao\ a storm.

^ ^ jifM 'shou, a hand rail.

j|3 /jt sCh'ao 'shui, tidal water.

S jj câ ch'ien'', to tow or track.

^ •^ ( 2 '?«2 iP'ing, the walking beam.

/^ E§ '/S/iw« /u', water communication.

"^ IJ tCh'S ^cJiou, the axle.

PB •? s^«^'oM ' i«5, bit.

^1 EH iLung ^t'ou, bridle.

fi ^1 cChiang j sheng, bridle reins.

|§ ^'2 ô' jio, a camel.


~p !$ Hsia^ ^cli''i, to get out of a cart.

'}\,^Ta^ ^ch'ê, a baggage cart.

^ ^. cChuang

^ch^4, to load a cart.

h ^ Shang' ^chî, to get into a cart.

$ fl" tC/i'e

(hang, a cart hong.

i^ ^ Chiao' ^cUd, a brougham

^ ^ r'ao-' (CAV, to yoke a cart.

^ li cC/i'4 scAWi, a rut.

^ !^ fi'5f'ifan (CJi^d ftih, a carter.

jfc ^ sCh'eng 'Ian, a contract to take goods.

!^ 1$ -f c^^'^ s'"^* ''*-> ^^® curtain of a carriage.

^ % ^ ^'o' cAan' 'f«0M, to exceed the usual day's

journey.

^ ^^ ^P'an ^chân, travelling expenses.

^ S iP'anfei', travelling expenses.

"ff^' Ta 'san, to open an umbrella.

A ^to -^ S i^^^ (*''* P"' I**") people are never

satisfied.

^ ^Mao, anchor.

JJll Hj fP'ao jmao, to let go the anchor.

JE §S ' ChHsmaso, to take up the anchor

3S Ml' Ting J&ng, head wind.

'^ ^ < <San ';oaw, a small boat.

j^jj ^ (^Hua 'tsz, a small boat.

j^ .J*' TFan 'i«2, a boat hook.


^ ^ ^Kao, 'tsz, a boat pole.

^ §3 ' Jia ji'oi/, wharf jetty, business centre.

)IS EIH iCIiuan 'chi, a boat captain.

^ ^ L/sjz' 'tsz, a chain.

5^ § ( Chih kai', to cover over.

5^ J'bJ ^mo' j/io, to cross a stream.

ji^ JX ifwo' ^chiang, to cross a river.

a^ IB A'mo' (kuan, to pass a custom's barrier.

J]^ -^ ^ Kuo' ,ch'ia 'tsz, to pass a likia station.

y^ It ' ^0 clip, crew, assistants.

t& "K ^Ts'ang 'pan, deck boards.

^ ^ c^^uao sldi'', to deliver goods.

^P fli S/w'e^ Ao', to discharge cargo.

jll Jit 'Pa/ tu\ a ferry.

;g| ^ JC'A'i 'isc, a flag.

ffi Ml iK'uan J&iig, a gale.

:/C Jii ^«' c/e«£/, a gale.

"X. fit'^0 ^ts'ang, the cook's galley.

_t )IS Shang' ^ch'uan, to go aboard.

p. ^ Sliang' an', to go ashore.

"]> 7K ^^si«' '.sAwi, to go down stream.

F* ^J'C Shang' shui, to go np stream.

JIS in ^o' (kung, the helmsman,

m ^ it ' Ch'ing 'ho cJii', to hire a crew.

Jit ffi' Ch'e ,cliH, hoist the flag.


^ ^ < Chuancf Jio\ to load a boat.

^ ^ c CM chH\ machinery.

||q sTFei, a mast.

—• iJ§ IS M. s

^''' '"' s/" thsing, may a happy star

light your way.

53 1^ c,Ming ^lun, a paddle boat.

i^ ilS c ^"^ iCh'uan, to take a passage.

i^§ ^ c ^'^ iWt', to take passengers on board.

Si SB s^''^'"

sch'uan, a passenger boat.

5M ^ sChHang tao\ pirates.

^ iP'eng, sail.

^ ^ Lo^ p^ing, lower the sail.

iit ^ ' ^^*'^ P^^ng, haul up the sail.

'g*j|^ ,Kuan (ts^ang, saloon.

0§ f^ An'' ^lun, propeller.

!§. 'iw, a scull, sweep, yuloh.

^ 'f®' s^"'o s^M, to scull &c.

{^ ^ T'iao' 'pan, shore plank, gangway.

174 BABY STEPS IN CHINESE STUDIES.

LESSOiSI LIII.

The Provinces and their Capitals,

with the meaning of the names.

lit W^ iChih IP, direct rule.

^Blf^ 'Pao ting' \fu.

LU '%. (Shan ftung. East of the hills.

MM 1^ ,Chi ,nan\fu.

Ul M (Shan ^si. West of the hills.

'MM.M ô-i' i!/uen 'fit.

M jS i^ô ^nan. South of the (Yellow) river.

^ ^ (Kiang ^su. The fertile region of the river.

?jC ^ iit cK/ang ^ning 'fu.

^ Û (An Jiuei. " Peace and Beauty."

^MJMc^nchmg"fu.JX M (Kiang ^si. AVest of the river.

M ^ f^ s^'«« cch'ang [fu.

jjf JX C'/ie' (kiang. Crooked I'iver.

^ !m M iâng .chou'fu.


I^^^Fu kien\ Happily established.

n^ ^M j^ iFu ,cJiou 'fu.

M 4fc s^w >«"• North of the (Tung-t'ing) Lake.

^ ^ j^ 'Wu ,ch'ang 'fu.

J§| ^ ^Hii ^nan. South of the (Tung-t'ing, JlqJ ^)lake.

^'3M iChang ,sha 'fu,

J^ ^ 'Kuang (tung. The eastern " Kuang."

^ jf'I'I 1^ 'Kuang (Cliou Ju.

^ ^ 'Kuang ^si. The western " Kuang."

® 1^ ^ jS'Me2^ jZm '/m.

S iS s^wn s?ian. South of the clouds.

M'M f^ iYiin i-nan 'fu.

^ >]>\>\ Kuei' ^chou. Noble region.

ft i^ ^ KueP ijjang 'fu.

^ )\\ Sz\ch^uan. Four streams.

)^UMfih^^ng,tu^fu.

^ 03 ''SAen ,««'. West of the passes.

V^^M,Si,an'fu.

Note.—This ia written " Shen " to distinguish it from Bhanai,

but there is only a difference in tone in the Peking pronunciation

of it.

176 EAST STEPS IN CHINESE STUDIKS.

"^'^^ ^Kan isu. Volnntary reverence.

MMJ^iLan,c7wu\fn.

^ ^ Feng' ^t'ien. Received from heaven.

^ JR SMng\rhlng.

^ ^ iChe Jing. The lucky grove.

M fi VX c^^"-^

i^"'^5'

scfiicmg. The Black Dragon

Elver.

Chinese cities are divided into classes according

to their Governmental importance. These are as

follows :

—

]^ Ching, the capital city.

^ Fu, a provincial capital, e.g. Hangchow-fu.

>J|I Chon, a district city, e.g. Ting-chou.

!^ Hsien, a district city, e.g. Shanghai-hsien.

^ Wei, an unwalled town.

^ Hsiang, a village, also the country generally.

^ Ts'im, a hamlet or village.

There are cities which rank between these in some

provinces : e.g.

W.^ M' ^^^'^ ^' t'ing, next to the Fu cities.

W. ^ "M Chi li chou, next again.


LESSON LIV.

A Collection of Interrogative

Expressions.

^ ' Chi, how many? also some, a few, several, &c.

^ in' Chi Jiui, how often? also several times.

^ ^ ' Chi 'huo, how many?

^ ~1^ IS ' CM hsia' (Chung, what o'clock?

^ B ' Chi jih', how many clays? also several days.

^ fl^' Chi ko', how many? also several, some.

^ 3l " Chi (kung, how many day's work?

^ ^ ' C^'" t,ining, how many persons? also several

persons.

^ ^ ' C'hi ^nien, how many years? also several years?

^ ^ ' ^'^" *"*'' ^°^ ^^'^ ^''® 3"^°^ '' (^° yoniig people.)

^ B$ ' CAzss/ii, when ? what time.

^ B$ ^ 6^ ' C/i2 js/w' sZa« ,tih, when did you come?

^ Mfi S ' CAi 'izVraschung, what o'clock ?

^ ^ ' Chi , <'/e«, how many days ; also several days.

^ ^ ' C'Ai fto, how many ?


^ ^ ' Chi ts'u', how many times?

;g ' Ch'i, how ?

si S^ ' ^'''* '^'«'i) tow dare I ? (polite.)

:a T> ^Q ' ChH pit' ccJiih, why don't you know? how

not know ?

fnj (iô, who? what? which? how? why?

jSJ ^ si7o

Jchang, why ? when ? for what reason ?

MS ^P JHT '-ô ''"''^ iju 'tz'u, why carry it to this

extent?

fiff f^ ^Ho (fang, what objection? &c.

fnj J^ s//o '/, how shall we ? &c.

fBJ [ill jiTo j_;m, how, in what manner ?

fgj g5j s/7o Jean, how dare?

fSJ ^ ^Ho 'kan, what concern? what business with?

fnl ^ J//o , A-'aw, how can I? how working? how

adequate?

fSJ ^ î/o '^'m, why? what occasion?

fnf 5^ sHo hu \ why ? on what account ? wherefore ? '

M 1§^ ?K !ô ' '<'''

s^"^j why take the trouble ? how

unfortunate

!

M ^ i'^" kuang', how much more also? how able

thus to ?

M ll^ s^" s'^^n^, how able to ?

M i2J s^^ i'^') what need ? why must ?

M no M s-^-^"'p'in ^chi, what rank or degree ?


fsj ^ illo pu', why not ? to be sure, why shouldu't ?

fnj ^ ji7o shih\ what affair ?

fnj ^ 5 i/o * tenp, what sort ?

fnJ •^si/o 5 ts''ing, how can ? how able to ?

fSJ -ffi s1^0 tsai', at what place ? where ?

M .S ! ^^0 s ^*") what need ? why ?

fnJ ^ i/7o 'wang, where are you going ?

(pj @ ;//o jtw/, why? wherefore? what are you

doing ?

(nj ^ ; flo wu', what or which thing ?

M jfl i-^° 2/""^''') of what use ?

^ s//o, why ? why not ?

^ ,Na, what ? how ? where ?

^K 5i IDS'-^'^'^'''

s^'"''' c'"> liow is that? where is it?

M ^ 6V-^« s^*"^* c<«'^*)where?

^U (^ g^ ^ 'iV^a jlrA ftili hua\ what sort of talk?

nothing of the kind.

^ — f@ '•^'5' t^^'* ^'''i which one ? which ?

WK II '^V« '^''> where?

^ Shin\ what? also extremely, very.

^ ^ (SAen'JWW, what ?

f§ 5 jS/iM2, who ? whose ? what ?

oti ^ s'^^*'^* fC/i/a, of what family ? whose ?

1^ ^^ P5 5 S/iMZ Jc/i'iao

s?7j|«, who knocks at the door ?

i^ A iShui ijen, what person ? who ?


f^ JfJ 7' iShui c,lai 'la, who has come ?

IS it ® iSJiui ^neng hou\ who is able to ? who can ?

1^ fF5 s'S/m? 5?we«, who ? (plural.)

f|i ^ ^[I iShui pu' fChih, who doesn't know that?

a^^ ^ i& iShui pu^ hui' tso\ who cannot do it?

anybody can.

i^ :S fS ^^ iShui skih' ^shui ^fei, who is right,

who wrong?

pfi 65 iShui ^tiJi, whose?

D^ ^ ^ ^ iShui till pu' sJuh', whose fault is it?

D^ ffi ^I* BM iShui tsaP waP ^tou, who is outside?

J^ ' 7V», what? how? why?

>iS S ' j'^*-'« ima, what? how? why?

^ tfflK

doit?

' Tsin c^nio ^ni, how is it ?

(^ ' 7'seii i^mo tso'', how is it done? how do you

i^ SS 1^ ' Tsi,n t^mo ^shuo, how do you say ?

nS S '^ ' Tsen ^mo ya.ng\ in what way? how ?

i^ , Yen, how? what? also don't.

^ ^D c5"^'* <(?Az7i, how do I know ? I don't know.

iS §^ c-^'^^ '/taw, how dare I? I dare not.

j§ ib c^'^^

swf"/?! how able to ? I am not able to.


LESSON LV.

Further Interrogative Expressions,

^ ""^(An 'k'en, are you willing to ? very willing.

^ la^ IM iHj {^'* ining ^ju 'tz^u, how can it be thus ?

'J]\\ ^ i}^ filiia ,to shao\ how much more will you

give?

P:]- ^ ^^ Chiao^ huan' ^shen ^mo, what is he

calling about? (derisive.)

^ -^ £ Ch^u' pu' ch'ii', will you go ?

fJJ /fj 4* Cftung' pu'' chung^, succeeded or not? hit

or not?

^ Jt ^R Sf '^Fu shang' ^tu hao', are your family

all well ?

'a' -^ 'b" HuP pu' hup, are you able to ? can you ?

f^ 'f* f^ Hsiang' ^lu^ hsiang', is it like? does it

resemble ?

f^ ^ S IJsiang' ^sMng' ^mo, what is it like?

j^ J£ ^ //smgr' ^shen ^mo, what name? what is

your name ?

^ ffi ^ nS Hsing ' j sZten 5 ming ; s/iMZ, what is his

full name ?


^ ^ iJo-n you, is it so or not ? also, uncertain.

S ^ ^ Jd^ng' Jo 'shao, what discount will you

allow ?

@ ffi S (Kan' ^slien ^mo, what are you doing? why?

'^jl^^Kao hsing', what is your surname? "lofty

surname ?"

"^^ (Kao sJiou', what is your age? (to elderly

people).

pj ^ irf ^K'o pu' k'o', may or can it be done or not?

pI ^ :^ S 'K'o pu' shih' ,mo, is it not right?

;^ ^ ^ Kuei' 'cJiia 'tzU, how old are you? (to

middle aged people).

^ ^ Kuei' (keng, what is your age (up to 40 years).

^ ^ Kuei' ch'ii', what is your "honourable place"?

S •'i^Kuei' 'fu, what is your " honourable home " ?

S ^ Kuei' hsien', what is your native city ?

ft i4 Kuei' hsing', what is your name ?

^ ^ ^weP /;an', what is your business ?

;^; ^ /fweP 5 two what is your country ?

;^ ^ Kuei' ^yu where are your lodgings ?

3K fs ^ W si«' /'«"i' ^mei ^yu, any word or not?

SJ T S W s-^«2''^<^

s'"^^' 'y"j ^'^s it come ? etc.

^ "T )S s-Z>a2 "Za (7?io, has it come ? have you come ?

hallo ! are you come ?

<^ J gig' Leng ' /eao , n/, is it cold ? if it is cold.


tt -S S s•^««5'

ss^^"

s'^o, what are you in a hurry

about ?

^ ^ ' -^OM cA'm ', what place ? a certaia place.

^ ^ * Mou ijen, who ? so and so.

^ 9 ' Mou jih ', what day ? a certain day.

^ ifp ' JifoM 5 nz'en, what year ? a certain year.

^ ^ ' ilioM shih ', of what family ? Mrs So and So.

^ _^* ilfow !/Me/i ', what month ? a certain month.

?^ fiH M ^'^^ ' (t'cisho, how able to manage him

?

unable to do it.

id ^ s-^*" *'"<' '> y°^ don't mean to say ? it is hard

to say.

'^^ ^ 0' pu' o', are you hungry ? if hungry.

W^^W' -^"'^' 5 "'^* ?"''*

'' have you transacted it ?

^1 'f* 1^ -^'^" ' P" ^ P'^'* '»^'^^ 7°*^ manage it ?

^ ® ® ff Pan 'si/ilM

{mo shih ', what affair are you

engaged in ?

f-f- S s'S^"''

s *""> '^^^t thing ? what ?

ff* S y s(SAz'A

swjo i/ii'A ', what affair ?

fl^ ?# ' Shih ; teVi, will it do ? it will do.

•^ ^ 5A;7i ' 'fou, is it or not ? yes or no.

:^ ^ ;^ <S/h'A ' pw ' «/«7i \ is it so or not ?

^ f§ S/k7i 'ss/jMJ, who is it ?

g^ ' 5Awss/ien j mo ^ tih, what do you belong

to?


B li W ' S^»isshui 'kuan, under whose jurisdiction ?

^ K S fShuo

sshin , mo, what do you say ?

JT iK H ?{v' ^« ' w« ' ^''

s ^«^ whence did you come ?

;^ ;^ ;^ Ta' pu' ta', is it large or not ?

^ S cTang ^ chen, is it really a fact ? it is a fact.

5lJ a^ S !& Tao' ^«o ' j mei ' yiu, have you been ?

îj T Jx W ^'*'''

' ^*^''s"^^'^ '3/"') is it) or he, arrived ?

?lj IK 1^ S ^'^''' ' ""î

'"^' cA'«\ where are you going?

J-i- T ^ ^ s-''''"'' ' ^^'"^

c *"' «îao, how much have you

obtained ?

^ 'T* -^ sT'en^ jOM ' 5 têng, is it painful ?

^ ^ H« c2"in^ jj»m' ,i'/n^, do you hear ? whether

you hear or not.

W: T ^^^ !riw Ûao ^mei ''yiu, is it lost ?

^ '^ ,To chung \ how heavy is it ? very heavy.

^ M y^ c^ ° cft'ung^ iP'i, what is the tare?

^ s'iS c'^''' ''"''

s''''*' '^vhen ? whenever ?

^ 0] i-io ^kao, how high is it ? very high.

^ ^ ^ f2o joit ' ,to, is it much ? are there many ?

^ ;^ , Zb " shao, how many or much ? a good many.

^ ;^ 2jj ( To 'shao tz'n', how often? how many times.

^ ;^ :^ ^[J , Jo ta' 5wie?2 chi\ what is your age ?

^ p^ tTo ,<sa?i, when? wdiat time ?

^ ^^j^ '^ (To 'tsao 'wan c'rA, when ? what time

?

'IS '^^ Ifi 'Tung pu' 'tung, do you understand or not?


fil 1^ S ' Tungsteh j mo, do you understand ?

P& 6^ s^** c''^') "'^'ty ? why so? also, mine.

ffi IK 11 ^«««' '»»« 'li, where?

^ IB 15- , Tsêng chP ^teh, Don't you remember? &c.

fSi[ -S )® Tso' t^sMn ^mo, what are you doing?

© iS t^SMw hsing^, what is your name ?

8^ (Tsun yang', how is your complaint?

^ ^ ^ s3"*'*w* t'" ''S^'ô how much is still to my

credit ?

^ Û ^ sTs'ung na\'rh, where from? from whence?

S WJJ 3i ^ 'Wang 'na ^'rh ch'u', where are yOu

going?

^ ftij* Wei ^ho, why? wherefore? for what reason?

^ S S * Wei^sMn ,mo, why ? on what account?

b1 M î^' 's ^"j ^''w is it ? how is it styled ?

^ ^ Ufg' TFo t</A ,Jii, and mine ? where is mine ?

^ ^ sWu ffei, is it not? also really, truly.

M ^ Sit <^*''' 5^"* ^yuan ku', for what reason ?

@ ^ -^ i@ t^«« i*"^^ s*^^" c™o» for what reason?

why ?

J* J]5 B^ sri« na\sMh, at what time ?

]^ ^ fnj =p 5 Fm ,t'a jAo (Aaw, what is to be done

with him?

H^ f»l sZwara iho, why? wherefore ?

W 7 ® ' ^" '&o ,«io, has he got ?

22


W S W ' ^'" s«ie? *3^M, have you got ?

^ ^ ^ ^ ' 1m sliin^ (Vio sJdh\ what is the matter ?

what business have you ?

^ |])g' Jm (. nz, is, or are there any ?

;§ ^ ]@ |g ' Fm (to jOTo cAmh^ ', how heavy is it ?

/g" ^ ^ ' Fm jfo 'f/iao, how much ?

/§ ^ ' FmsWM, is it so or not ? has it or not ?

^ 1^ Vung^ chuan', have you eaten or not?


LESSON LVI.

A Collection of Exclamatory

Expressions,

j5gl ; ah, an exclamation of doubt,

i^ jaz, an exclamation of pleasure, surprise, pain, or

anger.

I® P^ cfli ^ya, alas ! oh dear ! dear me !

S ^ c'l* c f'^O'if alas I

^ ' ai, used as a sound of reply, to sigh.

^nSS'K '<** ''tsen ^mo yang', oh dear! how's that.

^^^ (Chen 5 ko ^ tih, true I right!

^fl ch'ii' pa\ go! begone! be oflFI

gjj "J" ,c7i'u2 '?a, enough ! no more about it

!

?^^ fC/i'wi jiew^', enough! no more about it!

T*^H ^*^^' ''^*'"' ?<*'' g° down

!

/|\^^ '^'*^^'' ''^'"' (SMng, you young brute

!

/f»^ 'Asj'ao 'kou, you whelp 1 a young puppy.

^m^H jA«?«)i cA;o jC^o pa', let it bo for a bit.

fs^ A«m' ,fsm, how true

!

^^^ tA«M t«o jsAuo, don't talk so much!


^ffl fm (^^si^ p'«'c''«; don't be afraid of him I

^^ Jtsiu (Shuo, don't speak!

^{g (hsiu ft'^t, don't mention it!

^jlfc (A«w '<2'm, give up this! don't do this!

^ ^ tA«i?i wew\ don't ask!

^g ,/i«M i/ao', I don't want

!

^

—

'^jang' ,z pw', stand aside !

^7 ffii si''"'''^'(fo (t'a, forgive him !

^7 ^H si'"'''*""' '^^

P*^'' forgive me

!

iRfl^ 'A'o ^hsi, alas! lamentable, pitiable.

pj f /fj ^^ 'A'o 'liao pu' ^teh, terrible !

Jj^^ 'kou 'tsz, dog! the flea.

glj^ (iua jc/jo, look out! (for the cart, &c.).

^^^ ^kuaP(kuai ^tih, keep quiet' (to children).

1^'^ ku'ai' ku^aV, make haste ! be quick

!

^?K hu'aP ^lai, come quickly !

^KS ^w'ai' ^mang ch'il', go quickly!

^ jHj ilai 'ts'u, come here.

3jt|l3' ilai ^ya, come here.

ilHJlS^^ '^'^ shang' chiu' jZai, I will come im-

mediately.

J^^@ miao' ^chiieh, admirable!

i^^ jnan (Shuo, it is hard to say I you don't mean

to say I

^^ 'nao A^n', bother! curse! spite.

EAST STEPS ITS CHINESE STUDIES. 189

I3»îi '"' 'tiou pa', you go!

B^ ?^ cP^ P"' s'^î I îsh ! may it be ! oh that I

ÎK iPâifan', set the table

!

»!l^ spM jcAta, do not!

SOS spz'eA c/jm', don't go!

S'J® s/'*^'*iwn^', don't disturb ! don't stir.

^^ jow' 5 cheng, eh! what? incomplete.

"^^ pu' itsîng, eh ! what? not yet.

53 i^ 's/jan tao\ clear the way ! get out of the road

!

^ ]@ shSn' (ino, what

!

^ ^1] iAz'A' ,Za, yes, all right I

^^ US 1^ 'shuang ^ eJiih ' fe'gn 5 'rh, quicker 1 be quick

!

look sharp

!

flJUJl^^ iflto' 'na s'r/j cA'm', go there!

^ "X s'^^«'^"' enough I alright

!

^g JJ ,<o jTOO 'Aao, how good!

W^S *y cj"?^'* s'»'^')capital! first rate! it will do.


LESSON LVII.

Agricultural "Words and Expressions.

H ? '^ 'Auo 'tsz s/iw', fruit trees.

51 tJ; i^ 'Kuo mu' ihu\ fruit trees.

^ ^ Shinff' shu', apricot tree.

Wi ^ i-^"^ *^"

') acacia.

ffl ^ '^ c•^^"5'

s'<^'' ^^"i cherry tree.

^ ? M -^*' *^i5 sAm, chestnut tree.

^ -?£ ^ ^ (TFii j/i«a 'Amo «/m, fig tree.

K ^ ' ^'Sao shu, a kind of date tree.

^ ^ , iSaw^' shu, mulberry tree.

^ ^ Iff sHo

st'ao shu, walnut tree.

S^ "? '^ Shih^ 'tsz shu, persimmon tree.

^ ^ jZ/i shu, pear tree.

I& SJ s•^" «Am, elm tree.

Wi Wi i^^^9 ®^"5 poplar tree.

Wi ^ tSung shu, fir tree.

1^ ^ 'Lilt shu, willow tree.

'S ^ Shing' ^rh, the apricot.

@ ^ cI'zw^

J^flto, the cherry.


^f LP 'tsz, the chestnut.

fe 'fE H s^w t^'w 'Amo, the fig.

M ^ ' 2^*'^''s'*"/')

the date.

S I® (Sang shin', the mulberry,

i^ D^ j^To s<ao, the walnut,

/fif) -jp S/w7i' '<«;?, the persimmon.

^ 5 L?', the pear.

^ ^ ^Ping 'kuo, the apple.

^ ^ 'Z(i Hsz, the plum.

^ ^ s-f*' s*''^"! the grape.

^ 5 Tâo, the peach.

^ ^ sC/iiiA 'isz, the orange.

^ J^ (Pa (Chiao, the banana.

?S ^ ^ *âz sân^ 'kuo, a sort of small apple.

U ^ 5 Flit 'i«:, pumelo.

^ ^ jC/ien 'te, a small sort of orange.

^ ifelfe iPan ^t'ao, the flat, whorled peach.

^^ (Po Jo, the pine-apple.

|g |g sFangr jm^V tê arbutus; strawberries are

called foreign yang mei.

^ W tûan itnei, greengage ; a sour sort of prune,

ifjt tG ! Pi cP'«> a (Chinese fruit, also called bi-wa.

1^ ^ fihen 'tsz, the hazel nut.

^ ^ }«' 'm«, Indian corn, maize.

^ ^ '^'m 'tsz, grain, small millet.


^ ^ 'Shu Hsz, millet.

^ ^ ^Mei 'tsz, another kind of millet.

^ ^ fihieh 'tsz, another kind of millet.

^ ^ Ta' mai', barley.

fg ^ Tao' '<«, rice.

^ ^ iChHao map, buckwheat.

^ ^ (Jfao ^liang, sorghum.

^ Suan', garlic.

@ !^ ^ (Chiin f_ta ts'aP, beet-root.

^1^"^ iHu ilo pu^, carrot.

^ ^ ^Man ^ching, turnip.

^ , Ts'ung, onion.

Hi ^3. (Shan i/il' tou', potato.

^ Ts''ai\ kitchen plants generally.

J^ ^ iChHn ts'ai', celery.

^ IS (Jew .su?', coriander, caraway.

^ 35 fHsiang sui', coriander, caraway.

H ?il 'C'Au? tsai', the leek.

^ ^ La' ftsiao, cayenne pepper, the chilli.

^ JBi cTmw^' ,kua, pumpkin.

^ JK, sHuang fkua, the cucumber.

;^ ^ H s7«a?i5' Jiseng 'kuo, ground-nuts, pea-nuts.

^ IS ^ io' (Aua Rising, ground-nuts, pea-nuts.

IS TE iMien fhua, raw cotton.

IS ^ Hp iMien ^pao 'tsz, wadded gown.

EAST STEPS IN C'HINESB STUDIES. 193

1^ ^ ^Mien 'tsz, cotton seeds.

t® ? ifi iMien 'tsz ^yiu, cotton seed oil.

^ "? s^Am ,<*2, the bamboo.

^ ^ jCAm fchi, the snipe.

45" ^ iChu ch'P, bamboo ware.

^ Wi iChu ^cJiieh, joints of the bamboo.

44" ^16 jCAk 'chill, bamboo paper.

^ 5iifC iChu ^ch^uang, bamboo bed.

^ 1^ -f- iChii 'i 'tsz, bamboo chair.

Yt fi* iC'^w Jean, bamboo stick or pole.

^ ^ ^Chu fkan, bamboo canes.

Y[ ^ jCAw kang', bamboo pole for carrying.

"tJ" tt sCliu 5 Zz'w, bamboo grove.

^ Wi'f' iChu ,mi 'tsz, split bamboo.

^ ^ s^^*" 'po.n, bamboo " planks."

tJ" ^ jCAm pu', linen.

^ ^ jC/iu 'swn, bamboo shoots.

14" "K sC'/'" ' i'MJi^/, a tube (to hold cash, etc.).

^ ^ W iClm yeh' ^cliHng, a kind of wine.

@ Chung', to plant or sow ; etc.

^ ffi ^ Chung' ^chuang chia', to cultivate crops.

@ @ ^ Chung' 'chung ^rh, to sow seed.

@ ^ ' Chung ^rh, seed.

@ ^ Chung' ^hua, to plant flowers; to vaccinate.

@ 5^ ' Chung lei', a species, a sort.


@ ^ ^ Chung^ ^niu tou\ vaccination.

Q 1^ Chung ' shu ', to plant trees.

^ A& Chung'' ti', to cultivate land.

Note.—How the same character may change its tone in

different combinations.

^ , Tsai, to plant, to transplant.

^ S ( ^•S'f* chung^ to plant and to sow.

SS ifE ('^^'"'^ (hua, to plant flowers.

^ ^ ( Tsa? «Am', to plant trees.

^^'Sa 'chung, to scatter seed.

^ (Keng, to plough, to cultivate, to till.

^ @ (Keng chung', to plough and sow.

^ ^ ,Keng ^niu, a plough bullock.

^ ^ (Keng ti', to plough land.

J(5J , Shou, to collect, to receive, to put away.

^K ^ (Shou ^ch'eng, a good harvest gathered in.

JK J3: f^ (Shou (Chuang chia^, to reap the crops.

§|J t-ffo, to cut, to cut off.

S'J ^ ? c-^^ wiaz' 'isr, to reap wheat.

Wi '^ s-^'* (Mn, to pull up, or cut off: to raise, etc.

^ "^ iPa 'tsao, to pull up grass, reeds, etc.

ffi^ !S s-f'^ i»M2«o s'*"/',to thin out young plants.

^ ^Ch'ang, an enclosure, a thrashing floor.

^ M ( 3"«'an5' Jang, a granary.

^ fife 2^ c^i''"n5' <«''s''> a plough.


^ ^CUu, to cultivate, agriculture, to assist.

Wi ^ sC*'" (lien, a kind of scythe.

Wi ^ 5 C^'"^ ti^, to hoe the ground.

M M sCh'u it'ou, a hoe.

©!l ^Pâo, to dig, to hoe, to plane, to pave off.

^ ^ s^'''''' ( ^^wfl'i to dig a hole or pit.

M M iP'co ii\ to dig the ground.

1^ ^ t<SAai 'i5«, a sieve, a strainer, to sift.

— ffi X ^*^' >« c«^'«> a fork.

^ iên', manure, filth, excrement.

y_ ^ Shang^ fen'', to spread manure.

IE c^'''' * '^^'^^ or harrow, to rake.

IE Sfcc-f"« *«'» to harrow the land.

® Si 5 -^^^flioJ'rh, sprouts, shoots, etc.

^ ^ ' Taao <e', grass land.

'M. ^ tOhiao ti\ to water or sprinkle land.

|g Po', to winnow.

Jg ^ <S/jaM' ,cA^, a winnowing machine.

T^ ^ ^Nien 'mi, to clean off the husk,

ffi ^ vS cChuang cUa' Jio, farming work generally.

Jl*J^ '2'a ^

chuang, to thresh corn,

ffl ^ ^^ li ^ Y^ng' 'ti^ ^hsien iChilek W, to dig

with a spade.

^ Wi c^î^ *^"'' to graft.


^ ® ^ ^ ti?Wi^^^^ c^wra^' (Chih ^to 'shao 'mou

tV, How many mow do you farm ?

^ S^ t,Feng ^nien, an abundant harvest; plentiful

year.

§ JK < ^^^9 cshou, an abundant harvest.

W. Wi (-^^"-9 ishou, an abundant harvest.

^ ^ ^ Huang (Tiien a year of dearth.


Conversational Exercises.

No. 1—Intkoddotort.

3fc^ ItF PBT (Hsien ^sMng 'hao ,a, are you well, sir?

t^ ^tf M 'Hao ^ni "-hao ,a, I am well ; how are

you?

^^ Chine/ tso', please take a seat.

j^^ Nien^ ^sliu, read ; say lessons, etc.

J^^ '^SzV te', write ; write characters.

U ^ 'Tung fÛli, understand.

M 10 ^ ;^S® C'ê' Ao' <m' sM' sA^ra' ,mo, what

is this character.

Wt S5 cÂ"" Awa', to speak.

WL^^ (Shuo (Ching 'chu, speak plainly; distinctly.

^^^ siVix fShu ^lai, bring the books.

^9 Teen' 'jsi, dip your pen into the ink.

""*^^ sJîiA iwai' mo', slab of ink.

^ ;^ Ifo' 'aAwe, foreign ink ; fluid ink.

^^ (Chien 'pi, lead pencil.

¥ ?1 JS '-^* s'"" s'*"^' P®'* °^^-

'0J ffl 4* SI^B^S '-^2 ^^MWS'' Aung jiwo >i 'jiV

fjs'cmw, do you use a Chinese pen to write with.


^î^^^'Woai' 'shih ,ohien 'pi, I'd rather use

a lead pencil.

0^S^ ED ^S *^« '^^^9 s*^^ y^^' *^^' ("*«> do you

understand the printed characters.

^ 'M ^ 'Wo 'tung c^teli, yes, 1 understand them.

^ -T» ^ 'TFo cpw huP I don't understand.

ffil^^^ 'K c^'* c«/«Mo cte^ to' ^waa', he speaks too

fast.

OT '0^ S IfS 'Ching 'ni kao' su' 'wo, please tell me.

[J ^ 'K'eu ^yin, pronunciation.

pUj ^ <Sz' ^sheng the four tones.

M 113 ^«S ^ ^ ^^*^' c^" ^^^^ '^^'^'^ c™" '*^^' ^^^ '8

this character written.

ÛWt^^"^ 'Ching 'chid ,shuo 'M 'wo ,ting,

"please explanation give me hear".

^ j@ ^ J^ ^ ^ Che' ko' tsz' nien' shen' ,mo, how

do you read this character ?

^^^ Nien' " k'an"'' it is read " k'ati ".

-pîi^S^ c^*** *''^' t^^^t i/no 'chiang, what does

"(kan" mean ?

^î^Taîf ^:1=F:1S '-Z^»' <ting Uo'

(liao, 'wo fShuo ^t&h ,pw sMh' ^\kan", shih' "kan," you

mistook, I didn't say "kan" but '^k'an'".

MMM^^^B^ ^^l Che" Hang ho' tsz 'yiu

shen\tno cfun ^pieh, what difference is there between

these two characters.


eh'u' .sheng îhuo ^shih 'yiu c'hi' ^chu ^lai; " kan/' is

the "out going" (4th) tone, and when spoken is as-

pirated.

=F^ :1 ±^ ^ W fli ^ "'';««" <«' *^'^' Â««^>

^ping ^mei ^ yiu ^chu ch'P ; " kan" is the upper level

(1st) tone, and is not aspirated.

MBM^'J^Û^&i ChP sz- ,sheng shih' pp 'tei

^sliiao (ti, these four tones must be learnt.

S 1^ ?>ffi# M 5J, Yu'' peP 'chi ^pi mo' yen\ prepare

paper, pen, ink and inkstone.

iSil^®— ^»i:® 'ô ^«o' itsi^ng ^t'ou yih'

ehang men '

' chi, I want to begin from the first page.


No, 2.—General.

-^- 1^ ft i^ ^Nin kuei' hsing', what is your honour-

able name, sir ?

^- K^ ilSS * 'ô "î^" '^'^'"9

' ihuang, my humble

name is Huang.

-^' S:S;Sffl5^ Zm«'^ c^'ii' fM' 'na VA, where

is your honourable place ?

ft ® ^ ft !^ -?"2' "^'m' «^*^' 'pa« fcAm^', myhumble home is in Peking.

%^WL i^^'^^'"9 chiao \ I have not yet asked

—your address, etc.

-^' K ^ Î'H A ' ^0 *^*^''"'^''

I^^0 ii^n, I am a

foreigner.

B. 'B'® ®;ft^ ''Yiu shin' ^mo kuei' kan', what

is your honourable business.

^- JT ^S 1S[ S W ''^'''' «"«»' y«o' **o' 'waj mai*,

" I reckon I want to buy and sell."

B. liK^SMSIJil'S ^«o' «^««' <"«> '»'«« »"«'*

' hao (Tii, what sort of trade is best ?

'hao, I think foreign goods is best.


B. "0? JlSBl^ ^ 'Ni shang' j/ia VA ch'ii', where

are you going ?

Jang, I am going to the oflBce.

B' '0V± 85 IS^^S '-^» «^a»^'s«a '»** cS'«'

J^aJ

(CAjA, where have yon been?

, c/h'A, I have been in the streets.

WSSA^J^S '^''" *^'«'»' c"»o J«» s^«' c^.

who has come ?

-®- SWA 3K 5 •^'^^ *F" J*" i''''' nobody has come.

33

202 BAST STEP3 IN CHINESE STDDIKS.

No. 3. Mr. Li's liouse.

ifang 'tsz tsai' 'na ^'rh, where is Mr. Li's house?

^ ^ 91 S Tsai' nei' fpien ^rh (pierh), 'ni ^is'ung yu^

cpien i'rh, ^chih 'tsou, tsaP 'tso ^pien ^rh, tP ^san ^cJiia,

pien^ shih\ (N.B.—The commas mark the phrases in

Chinese.) In that direction ; turn to the right, go

straight on, the third house on the left, that's it.

A. ^ 56 ^ ffi M S ffi S '-^''c«2«" i'heng tsar

chir^ i'rh chu' ^ma, does Mr. Li live here?

s. "P^^M^M^ i-P" '*"'> ^^^^^' *««*'«^"''"'

s''"^'

quite right, he lives here.

A. ^^^^^V$ 'Li fSien ^ sheng tsai' ^cliia

Jma, is Mr. Li at home ?

B. ffi P3 S ^ ('^''''" im.en ch^ii' (la, he has gone

out.

A. ^BSSBsSfi^ (*o ,iscm fChu ch'U' ^tih, when

did he go ?

S- ©^ g^^ ^ ' C'Az ^lai chu' 'tsou Ja, after he

got up.


^. SlS^miil^lllS SAen' (OTO iShih hou' ihui

Jai jJm", when will he be back ?

B. 2S^% s^^* 'c^" '''/'j 1'™ DO^^ certain.

^- i^^^9c^^^MW^ 'J!fi 'cô 'Li ,sien

fsMng *yiu shen' ^nio shih\ what is your business with

Mr. Li.

-^- ^ -J^ ]^S S fi'S ^ jl/et s/je/i' 5??)o 3/ao' 'clung

^tih shih\ nothing important.

A. M M^^^ ^^ 'CUng chin' ,lai tso'

'huo 'rh pa\ will you please come in and sit a while.

chin' ck'il' (la, I am too busy to-day.

A- m^t&m^mmmmm'TSng ,sien .*Ung

^hxd ^lai tih' 'wo ^shii ^theng pa', when Mr. Li returns

please tell him I called.

^- '6^^ j^ ^ 'ff'Shih ^teh <,mn ^hui ch'ii' Ja,

very well, are you returning now !

^- WcM^HSWCBn^^'fô ,hyi e¥u' M'kaijih' tsai' chie7i' pa', yes, I'll see you another day.

^- ^ M M iâo iuin chia', I am giving you

trouble.

^- tS-M 'Sao ,shuo, "Well said," meaning " thanks."


No. 4. General.

A. ^H^ J^^ (To Jsan shang' Jiioh, when are

yoTi going to school ?

B. |§^

—

'J^^ 'Li paP ,1/ih sJiang' Jiioh, on

Monday.

^- WlT ^'pB^t^^ Fang' Hiao ,to 'shaojih'

'isz ftth ^hioh, how many holidays have you had.

^- WC7 MM M Fang' Hiao Uiang hi)' yueh', two

months.

A. ^ ii HI^ 7 ® t'S'^fi'*

tsheng ^hui , chia ''la ^ma,

is the teacher back ?

^- i^ [BI^ i^^^'' (^"' ^cMa, He's not back-

^- %M%^'^MW>'î ««'s»"^ '«o' «^«"' ,»">

t«a, what are you doing there ?

B. ^mÛ^M ' ^^0 'chi ,rh 'sid tiz> ,na, I

am writing.

^- ^SFT S [Tien 'hao 'la iVia, is the 'weather

fine ?

-S- MS Iff^ iJ^<^''

I"*** ' ^<'"'

t ""' i^'s °o*' fi'is y®*'-

'*• BIT* PS Hi ^'ô' ^*'<''' '2/" t'Wj is it going to

rain?

•B* <S» ffl ^ "F * ffi'M^' /Ja ' yao' ^»2'a ', I fear it is.


^' Mijk^:h {Feng ta' pu' ta\ is the wind

strong or not ?

5- ^M:kP^' '*«« '« \ not very.

^' ^VMJô^ ^<^^' s*'o" «^2'/«' s*A"*» wJi° is

outside ?

-S. K i^M i#' TTo 5^M jSn' s feA, I don't recognize

him.

^- foi Pol flfi, Sf ;?^ iSF ^«»' j*^' c'a ' A«o ;»«' 'fô,

ask him how he is.

B. ^ 0? 65 M !'^*'* '*** f**^ ;o«en', as you please.

A. '0?^Sf@ ^S '-^^ ««' c*^^' ô' ipo ai\ do

you like this ?

•B. ^'^fC^' ^0 ipu ta' at" , not much.

^- f^Wi^^M&^tS^ 'î 'hsiang 'fsen ,mo pan'

'hao, how do you manage it ?

B. ;?;j9i;g®ii5igF ^w' .c^* '««^« ('"".'o'^,

it doesn't matter how.

206 BAST STEPS IN 0HINB8K STUDIES.

No. 5.—General.

A. "^ ^ M H^ Pfil fihin snien 'mat map 'hao ,a,

is business good this year?

B. i^ rT Jlil iUai 'ho 'i, pretty good.

^- I^J^JiASflSS '^Ve tso' kuo' 'ho ,lun

chuan ^ma, have you travelled in a steamer?

B. ^ ^ B2f T«o' huo' Ja, yes, I have.

^- ^ jifi; ^ 5 Yuen' ^ehuan ^pu yuen\ do you get

sea sick ?

B- ^ ;^ S iP'" («' yuen', a little, not much.

^- 0J S" 5^ ^ ng S ^ '^* ^««' c<2«« fl/«' '«^"?«

Jmo yang', what do you think of the weather ?

-B. ^ ES^^~F nM '^^ iC^*ao ((^^"'^ yao' lisia'- j/ii,

I think it will rain.

^' ^ HM K SL l!ii P.1 ^«*' s'"" <^"« </«"5' c«a c'"«)

is there any wind outside ?

there's not much wind.

-^- M ? *& ff T S 'S' (^« '*!«' <«^«<'" t«^"^ c^''^"

jmet *ym, is the room repaired (put to rights).

B- iRft P5 ("SAoM js/«Acia, yes.


"^' ^ SP ^ IS 2? (Kan chin* pu' ^kan cUn\ is it

clean or not ?

-B- — S5H a S S liff Yih' Hien ,Uang ,rh ,tu

(inei fla, there is not a speck of dirt in it.

^- ^ ifi. M iff- U ^ SS ,Chia 'hm 'pai 'hao ,la

^mei 'yiu, is the furniture put in ?

B- WkW^^^ iTo ,an pai' 'hao Ja, it is all

arranged.

^- ^ ^ 5> fi: ^ 'Ching ^to 'ahao wei' ko', howmany guests are invited ?

-^" "f* 1^ fifc £ 'S^^^^' *^^" '"**'> niore than ten.

^- 115 S H SF 82 Ri cTo yW peP 'hao ,lo ^ma, is

everything prepared P

( Ii5 ^ ^ "Iff c^0

tcA'*

Jc7j««A

cZa, it's all ready.

B.<^tt Wt ^ fi ^ ^ Esien' tsaP tsiu' chu^

f ^hsing pu' ^hsing, may I go out now.

A. S^S 'K fj^ s-^«« *A««

' 1 "»" cP'^ I ^"^9 i*^^>

there's nothing to stop you from going.

208 BAST STEPS IN CHINESE 6TUDIKS.

Miscellaneous Words, Expressions,

and Sentences for General

Practice.

NoTB.

—

The ttudent must carefully remember that many of

the following expressions may be employed in varying

senses.

Lesson No. 1.

!• B^^ '^'^0 ^^^'t " brain bag," the head.

2- ^ JS^ ^chiai ^tou *fa, to cut the hair,

s 3. ^j^ jAwa 'Z/«n^, to shave (the face).

4. ^)j ^ ti' ^tou, to shave the head.

5. ^'f'^Ji-u 'tsz ^chang, long moustache.

*'• 5iil^'T»^ '^'' <^° i^^^9 P^^^' (Cfien, unable

to hear distinctly.

^' HSMS-^Jra 'y*"^' c/m'h^' Jean' puh' i''J''ng,

unable to see clearly.

^' ft-^Ml^S iP^ '^^~s'"^'*

^*'^^'s^''^'>

(ivirrh),

the nose smells.

BAST STEPS IN CHINESE STUDIES. 20$

Lesson No. 2.

1. II^SB^^BS 'suei 'U ^ehih ^tung ^ksi, the

mouth eats things.

2. 3^^ s»/a iteng, tooth-ache.

3. M ^ 5 ""** 5 mao, eye-brows.

4. ^ -jp ipo ' tsz, neck.

5- Ml^ (Chien 'bang, shoulder.

6- Ji&W c''^''^**'' *''"•

7. ^ '.'AoM, hand.

8. }g lig Jz'A j«oM, finger.

9. J§ ^ si«A c/iia', finger nail.

10. ^ "^sc/w' ; ne'lngf, the back.

11. i^ fi/ao, loins.

12. J^ gu ,shung, ^chien, breast.

13. ^^ too' 'tsz, the heWy. .

14. II 't'ui, the leg.

15. ^ 'chiao, the foot.

16. §^ s^w

s'""5 bones.

17. ^ ichin, sinews.

18. ^^ ,«' shang\ clothes.

19. ^^ 'Zi??(7 ,tsz, collar.

20. ^^ shiu' (tsz, sleeve.

210 EASY STEPS IN CHtNBSB STUDIES.

Lesson No. 3.

^- ^ ? ^'*'^' c**^) coat.

2. 'pf Jj|Jkj9eP ^ksin, waistcoat.

3. ?F^ ZiaM^' ^sJian, summer singlet.

4. l^-f ^m' c^^'S') trousers.

'^- m? ^"^^c^*^5 stockings.

^- ISlJ fffc? <*^'"^ ^shileh ^tsz, to brush or clean

boots.

7. ^@ jcltuan Jisieh, put on shoes.

S- 5S ? mao' ^tsz, hat.

9. ^ r[J '^^wf ^cliin, handkerchief.

^^- BS iS HS c*" (^ s^'"> to undress.

-'•'• ^^ "F <''*''* '^'^^ '^*~i P'lt on a belt or sash.

12. ^ ftl^ ^cldeli ho'' ^erh, to unbutton.

^^- 3^^J5t^ ™«' 'shut 'sJd 'tsao, to bathe with

warm water.

14. ^;?Jc !5b Sfe £^^««5' '^/iW'i' '«/«' 'Zi«j, to wash the

face with cold water.

15. ^f 'niu ^tsz, buttons.

16. Sb iS HK '*^^t' j/"j to wash clothes.

17. ^O 53 if ti' itoa ^teh, a barber.

1^' ^ ^ si^<^^ if^^Wi ^ tailor.

BAST STBFB IK CHINB8B STUDIBS. 211

Lesbon No. i.

1- ^^^M^M tso' ,i 'shang yung' ^cUn

shien\ to make clothes (we) use needles and thread.

2. ^^•f^'^îna 'chien ^tss ^cldao ^tsai

liao', take the scissors and cnt the stuff.

2- M ?® IR s"^***'*•'* tso' fan', the cook prepares

the food.

^- M^ 23 'mai ftung Jisi, to buy things.

5. W^ (Ching tsai', green vegetables.

6. 3^ 1^ s3/M ru', fish and meat.

^- 8^ ^^ (Shien 'kuo ^tsz, fresh fruit.

8. 13^ jS 'Aao 'i«^'M, good wine.

9. @ ^ mien' cP<ô, bread.

10./J"* ^§ ^ 'hsiao ^chi ^tsz, chicken.

11. ^ ^ ifiiu ro\ beef.

12. Jl^ ^ ^ '^«o '_y«eA jc/h, roast pheasant.

13. ^ -J* ^ (Chang 'tsz ro', deer's flesh, venison.

l^' ^^ s'"** *na2, milk.

15. ^ -f cô '^*~> pigeon.

16. ^ ^J 'jiae cyjM, butter.

17. ¥l ? c^*' '«'2^) (luck.

18. 'M ^M c^^'ô s2/«'*i''^^'^^ "ôast leg of mutton.

19- M^^ <cA2 't«^ jer/i, eggs.


Lesson No. 5.

1. 41* ill s''^'" ("^^'j snipe.

2- ^ §mfl ^sMng tsaP ^yiu, vegetable oil.

3' ^ Ul ^ 'i'^ (shan yo \ boil potatoes.

4- ^^(CAa 'i!*:;, fork.

5. ^TJ'fS'J s"*^ e^'*" '^^'^ s^O) take a knife and

cut it.

6. ^ -f P^^ c •sAao' is;

(ho

,iany, drink soup with

a spoon.

7- ^-J*^^ (/'«« 'i^sr ^cheng tsai\ the plate

holds the food.

8- ©j —* IfJ jS iao' i/i' ,paz Hsiu, pour out one cup

of wine.

9- ^l^/fl?*^ <^«w, a napkin or bib.

10- llo -fU s^a* pw', table cloth.

11- -^ rT 1^7 i'l''*' '^0 wu' Hiao, cannot delay.

12. D^^ T (Cliih ^wan Ja, finished eating.

^^- KSK f?K^ '*""J"^''' 'shang 'ni ^chien, I want

to reward you with money, (cumshaw).

14' 5^^3fe^^ c**'*"''<"*' ckuang ^clii ^nimg, on

a hot day to go partly undressed.


Lesson No. 6.

1- ^^^^.yi"' '.s7(0M 'sieh tsz\ write with the

right hand.

2. ^ MI Sli s'''' '^tsiao 'tsat, stamp on it.

^" 'iS[MM **"' ''"'^^ jwa^, to do business.

4. 1^^^ (kai ^chien pu\ to open an exchange

shop.

5. ^ ^ ^tung ^chia, the master.

6. ^5 5 Z^wt? ?7iai', to retail, to sell little by little.

7' i^ ^^ ^lisiang ^chi ^lai, I think, remember.

8. S'J JS T sP«2^* wang^ ^la, don't forget.

9- ^ S A '«^WM yi' Jen, artisans.

10. ^'fR fi^ 'chang kuai' ^tih, the head of the firm,

the taipan, or a cashier.

11. ^ §Jj tang^ pu ' a pawn shop.

12. ^ 1^ fi^ 'kiian chang^ ^tih, an accountant.

13' ?¥flt§S sy<''*5' ^'uo' pu\ a shop for the sale of

foreign goods.

14. ^ jjS c/jen /jao /law, really very good looking.

15. -^JJBîff^ '2/*" s'" P"^' '^'ô 'foOM, too

muddy to walk.

l^' S^? s'""' < "îen^' 'fw, hemp cordage.


Lesson No. 7.

1. tUWi yien' ^shu, to print books, printing.

2. '^ ff*^ A ?K il!/"* iShih ffno Jen 5 ?ai, -wbo has

come ?

3. ^n^T" A '^""V'^'' (Z/ao ;/>/(, the dog bites

people.

4. ^^^-f ,"iC(o s'ia /'flo' '^^'~n the cat catches

the rat.

5. "JJ -f'^\]~r ^ ^tao ' tszsto ' liao 'shou, the knife

cuts the hand.

6. 1^ -f _h^S '*s**~ shang' tso'' ^chii, sit on the

chair.

'^- M S W ~"S 9S £ ''" '^« ':!/*" J"/*' f*^^^"'*iClman,

there is a boat on the river.

8- M5i§'f§>^^65 "^'^^^ ^<^''' ^rhiao shiJi' 'tielt

. ti'h, this bridge is made of iron.

9. 'tS"'^? i^^'-'* s^"* ''^'^> ^ bamboo grove.

10. ~F /f» i^jSItsia' 'hsiao 'yii, small rain falling.

11. "I*^ /iij'a' i^'m', mist.

12. ~F§ -jp Asia* s/jao 'te, hail.

13. JT @ ''"^s^*^^'

thunder.

14. JT P3 *<« 'shan, lightning.

BAST STEPS IN CHINESE STaDIBS. 215

Lesson Ko. 8.

1- ^5^~F§ (tung ^tien Jtsia' 'Jisile/i, in winter

snow falls.

2- fi^M ^'^^' "^'^^ c^^nff, electric lamp.

3' !%M M s'"^* ''^"'c'^'^5'' g'''® 'i"np.

4. ^ jft j^ 'huo^ yu ,teng, kerosine oil lamp.

"'• ^1^ ^ ffl ^IC (tienjo' 'tei yung' ^ping, on hot

days use ice.

^' /''C^® ' ^'''Oi^^^ c"/'^) railway carriage.

7. /Aj^ )|S' /i!<o

sZwn

schuan, steamer.

8. i^^ ,c/h c/ii', engines.

9- Pl^$ chiao^ ta, ^che, bicycle.

10- jl^^SB cC^w 'pa7i ^clman, sailing ship, a junk.

11. ^^ swei ^kan, masts.

12. UlES^fiF^ («/ian hi' puli' 'hao ^tsou, it is

hard walking on mountain paths.

13. ^il^^^^ chaP tso' ^t'a 'hin ^hao, this

pagoda is very high.

14. T^^SiS^ j3/«"5' iChien shih' ^yin ,tih, the

dollars are silver.

15. @^^ ^ s^M 'pan huaP ,la, the upstair floor

is broken.

216 EASY STEP3 IN CHINESE ST0DIBS.

Lesson No. 9.

^- SM P5 c^îuang sJian' ^men, a " pair of" doors.

2- W^jiiii V"^* y'^' ('^îwuig, Venetian blimls, or

shutters.

3--ffi :^ I® 7bM 61J

/'"' «Ai/«' ^mien Jiua tso' Jih,

cloth is made of cotton.

silk cloth is made of raw silk.

''• S Jffl iX Jiuang ^pu ^cliiaag, the Whaugpoo

river.

6. iîfi'IM <'5i« icliow Jio, Soochow creek.

7. ^^ ti' dung'' earthquake.

8. <!"» !^ -f $1^^ ® 'hsiao ^clie ^Îz (tin ^tung ^chi,

the wheel-barrow " pushes along " things.

9- M^5JITA '"*" ^chc peng' ' liao Jen, the

carriage knocked a man down.

10- "iCK^^^ """ J*'" 'y^'^ s"'"' c"^'*? women

also ride on vehicles.

11- ^^^ W 51 (3/'" <'''^«s'««2' V" '^'' iôu,

it is cloudy ; there is no sun.

12"- J^^M '™<^'*c*^'^'* iî-sing^ the sky is full of

stars.


Lbsson No. 10.

!• -^ îlfilS yiieli^ Hang'' tV Hi, the moon shines

on the earth.

2- S 55 JS^ ' wang 'na ^mo'tsou, go another way.

3. ig:T;BiSif gS 'wo sFwA je«' s^^/;Zw', I don't

know the way.

4. JlJ^T^trit ^'ô' Jisiang hsia'' chii' 'ta

(Chiang, to go into the country shooting.

5. ^S£»^^^ Asz'en' i!M«' 'nwo jr/j ^to, there

are many birds about here.

6- ^^MIB 'w"' V^^' ''^''^^^ ihiang', I want a

photograph, or to photograph, or to be, etc.

7. ^j^ ftH ^chu, to play foot-ball, or a foot-ball.

8. fl 3^ S 'to ichiu ^rh, to play at ball.

9. p@ ^ fr 'K '^2«"5' £^"0 'to chang', two countries

at war.

10. Âfr^'^'«"5' sJ"^" ''^'^ '^^*^'' *'^° ™®"'

fighting.

11- WtM^ ^"«' s^^^ '''*^' '^°'^* ^^^ ^*g-

12. IllMifi i3 shuan' Jeng 'sMh ipeng, when the

wind is fair use the sail.

13. ^Jj^ta' kaP, generally, probably.

21

218 KASY STEPS IN CHINESB STUDIES.

Lesson No. 11.

1- S W ^ 3^ ihuan 'yiu ^to '^yuan, how far is it

still? "^Hiian," sometimes pronounced " HaV2. fl «^ *^^ ''i^ idling tao^ ^rh, to ask the way.

3- fia^^-^MM^ '^^^ '^0 i^"- ^^' iP"^ff'''^«'"

.lai, bring me a bottle of wine.

4- ^ ^ Jin^ sc^a

sA«

tchi j cAa, put tea (water)

into the tea-pot.

5. tS T» tS 'titng puh^ 'tung, do you understand ?

6- fBl :^ i^ c'*^s/i/A' ^shui, who is he ?

7- i^^lS^ffffi, '"'0 ipuJi jin' ^teh ,ta, I don't

know him.

8. —• IM IM ? '^*' 'i''^9 cfiang' '^*", a curtain, a

mosquito-net.

9. -J* /f» :^ 7 j^^^' 'tz jpiih' 'shao 'liao, too long

a time.

10. gf ]% ^g ,eM?i^ 5<d/j 'Ae;i, very dirty.

11. ^ "! ^ s«a /isia' cAm', take it down.

12. 53^ — gb ' A«^' ;7i' 'As/, wash it.

13. ^ij — ISlJ £ Aswa 2'A' Jisua, brush it.

14- S'^Si^'? ^^'**'' 'f^stang Ja 'tsz, to think out

another plan.


Lesson No. 12.

1- 1^ T is T s*"^*''^^^^ s'"*" 'fco, difficult to do.

2- JifiW^S '*"" 'i'^w *^'^'' c/(m\ I have some

business to do.

3. [SI ?K^H Jiwei Jai chien' pa', I will see you

when I come back.

4. |§ !^ 'ma ,c/j4 a carriage.

5. R'^^JS/ll i^ô i**^* 'P<^'>^ma, races were held

yesterday.

6. '^ '^ ^ ^ kuaV kuaP ^ti Hsou, walk quickly.

7. )|S _fc^ 7 S i^huan shang' ^chuang 'liao 7iuo.^,

to take in cargo.

8- i^m^^'^' ^'i^'/*s'e'* ^^"^^ P"'' ' s ^^^> îll ^^^^

do or not ?

9- ^^ÎSP"^' '^*" t*^"5' ^""'j he does not

listen, or he does not obey.

10. Il^^mji ^tsung ^tei yung' Jisin, you must

pay attention.

11- ^l#^.5^ eÂ"" £*eA 'hen skih\ what you say

is quite right.

12. 5E i^ |5> ^Jisien 'kei 'ni ^chien, I will pay in

advance.

220 BAST STEPS IN OHINBSK STUDIES.

Lesson No. 18.

1. ^TS^ ^toan Jiao tsaP suan\ to settle

when finished.

2. M.~'Wi^ ^mai îh tun' ^mei, buy a ton of

coal.

3. ^ —'S .^ ch'ing' ih' 'lou tan\ weigh a basket

of charcoal.

we want 100 catties of split firewood.

5. ^ — 113 A ?K 'chao Jh ho' ^jen ^lai, call a man

here.

^' Smr M U'-^''^*' '*'*

c''^"'"5'j iJi tê night we

watch.

7. 3^^ 5^ ffi «''e' 'Zia??^ ,<ie?i ^mang, very busy

the last few days.

8- -©AfllKiS ',y^" sis'* c*" (tung Jisi, some-

body has stolen the things.

9- 11!!' ^11 '^sung Hei Jiu ^shen, you must

look after them.

10. ^SS ^ 'hen/ei' shih\ very difficult.

11. fltljglll^ A (<'« ^hiî' rtsu Hu Jin, he's a

very coarse person.


Lesson No. 14

1- 'i^ S ^ s/""^ y^o' 'chin, it doesn't matter.

2- ^MM^ s/iuei' chiao' tso' vienc/', to sleep

and dream.

3. ^'I^^'^ ^/iiVi' ^ching ^chi kuai', what a

curious affair 1

4. /!»^|li>^ ilfi% 'hsiao ,hsin chih 'tien ^rh, take a

little care of it.

5- ^ 1^ :?fe 'ItS in^ «'"''' sc^'% ^««' jwangr

jmej fhung ^fn, I have too much to do ; no leisure.

6. j]^ T B^l^ Am"^ 'Ziao jiAz'/j liou', past time.

7. B'JiST sP««'* wang'' Hiao, don't forget.

8- S:;SJKB£'^ j/iHan s/»7i' nei' ^pi kuai', that

horse is the faster.

9- li!^ 5K 'is^nff ^mei Jiui Jai, will not return

yet.

10. ^ f^^ (f P"'«' sW^M(? /)an' shih', unable to do

business.

11- Ju'^^M (kung ^fu puh' ^chang, the time is

not long.

12. ffi X^ ^y"'jp'\^""5' ' Asi'e/i <53', busy writing,

or to pay attention to writing.

222 BAST 8TBPS IN OHINBSB STUDIES.

Lesson No. 15,

1- ffl'lliî^^ 2/""5'' Jisin nien' ^shu, reading

diligently.

2. "^ ^ H ''" c^w' â') you may go.

3. ^^ T '^^ if'^ c^'^1 ^ ^'^ tired.

4. ^-f fflffi^^Jh (Câ" 'i*s tP'« <â«' ichuang

shang\ put a felt covering on the bed.

5- fJoM^T '^^ y"' «/'M2' 'Z/ao, I want to

sleep.

6- /f» ^ !!^ ffl sP"'* J/^"' 'c/iao ?iao', don't make a

noise.

7- §& JlM. '^'^^ *^"^'*^c*!^".?) light the lamp.

8- IB _h F5 c^"*'* shan' ^min, shut the door.

9' 'STEM'S' ^'^'^ '^^'ô '^'''"s''**' '.y'") have

you fed the dog or not ?

10. 1^ iQ 7 'loei^ ^poi.0 'Uao, he has finished eating,

he has been fed.

11- ^SWA^^J" "oa' 'yî( si«" '«''«o '""',

if somebody comes to call me.

12. f^K Pol ffiiW ftS^ ' "*' «^««' c

«'« 'yiMs«/«Vj ^mo

sMh\ ask him his business.

13. ^ § 'c/h' 'shou, the beginning.


Lesson No. 16.

1- ^ i$ ;jlj S "T s^*" ^shin ^pieh ,tiu 'liao, take

care not to lose it.

2."iHi :S W ^ ''yieh sliih' 'yiu ^ti, there is such a

thing to be had.

3. ^ fa ipuh tso\ not wrong ; right.

4- S!^^ shunj

JcJia t/eh\ black (lit. red) tea-leaf.

5- ^^J^IC '^^ pat' fang' ^kung, Sunday is a

holiday.

6. ^ 'I^ 'It«^*''' fuelling ^mang, business brisk.

7' ^S ^ jmez kung' ,^erh, no time (to do some-

thing).

8. ^» ?i ?llS 10^ JS 'A«aw9 ^puh tao' chei' ho'

yang' c,erh, it can't be expected so.

^- ifc 3)^ 1^ 'P* { A"5' c*^™") suppose.

10. i!gf0$f "^^ 'hsiang ho' liao Ja 'tsz, think

out a good plan.

11- W"^ JT^ ''" <''''''^ '^« r*%, enquire.

12. ^ A J^ ^ pin^' 5_y'eji Auo' ^to, sick men are too

many.

13. ?E A ffl( ^ ^ '**"si*''*

'y*'^ P"' 's/iflo, the dead

are no less.


Lesson No. 17.

1- ^ "^ ft* @ S R i"'*^ 'y'

(,^^"^' r™" ''Jiai mai',

has nothing to do in trade.

2- ?¥ ^ ^ ^ ^ s^"",'? s*^^"^'*knaii'' ^to ' shao, what

can you get for a dollar ?

3. A 'T* 5i fli i« ' /imA^j/'« (CAu, receipts small,

expenditure lar^^e.

'chin ^te 'hen, the market is " tight" just now.

5- ^ ^ ll3 J^ (tien eld' ^chao ^shih, the weather is

damp.

6. j^ ^ 9§ ^uo' yii' ,tsana, too dirty.

thai', put in the sun to dr}'.

8- lyf Ml 11^ 12 ^ cA/ao' ,/eng ^chui Jain ,la, it will

dry in the wind.

9- ^M ?'St s'"* s^/''**•* 'shi, get some soap and

washjit.

10. ISlJ 3" («''"« iyo-t brush (clean) the teeth.

f- 11- I^ P '5^'"' '/com, to wash out the mouth.

12. f!^ Jill fSA/w ' chiao, to cut the toe-nails.


Lesson No. 18.

^- fi :S JiS Sl^ "^'e' j/nVi' '<if?i (WO fShuo, what

kind of talk is this ?

2- ^ jM ^ '<sou iao' jrA, to walk.

^' Hi 3^ F3 afe t*^^"' '' ijuan ^men chii', to go to a

distance.

*• :$E f# IS H ^R </'«>« '<«* «/"' ;»«*' cyoaw fei',

first get ready your travelling expenses.

^- fl* Mfi fl ^ ' ^"^ ' ^'^'^s^'^"'5'

' ^^ get your baggage

ready.

6. J'JC !?§ ^ SJS '*''"' ^"' **"' ^chuan, we must take

a boat for a water journey.

7. .^ 1^^ ^ Aa?i' /it' fio' (C/ie, on land we take a

carriage.

8. Q ^ JT^ si"^*' c*'*" '*« ^chien, take refreshment

in the daytime.

.9. B^ B|q) fi/S 'ic^" "^ shang chu' tten', at night stay

in the inn.

yao fClia Hien, look carefully after everything.

11- M%.M%M^'^ ya»9' yo-''W ' <^ou ' tei hsi'

,hsin,

see attentively to everything.

226 easy steps in chinese studies.

Lesson No. 19.

!• ^ ^ ^ )Ii$ c*" '*^2 s^'^ ^shen, see attentively to

everything.

2- S'JHS^ (,pieh ,su ^hu, don't forget, don't be

careless.

'sheng, be economical every day.

4. /f»pJ^pf^p«A"ô hao''fei\ don't be extravagant.

^- j£ f@ "? si''*,fisien îsz, a leather box.

^- S 'M % s?^ cPô s^''^*' * leather-covered bundle,

or bag.

7. ^ ^T "? ^ _h s'"' (i5/«(7 ' tsz

Ji//z(/ shang', bring

a nail and nail it.

8- $^ ll! 1-^ _h s^'^ ( ^-2^

s '""£' shang', screw it up.

9- ^'f'i <^^"" '*^-! ^ hammer.

10. BJC ffl' kai ichiii, a screw-driver.

11. Îj ^ ^ jyjfs/i t^lei chni\ don't be troublesome.

12. JUi vM ^ c./<3'\'i'^rt",'/' ia', the wind and waves

are high.

13. ^ A ft )IS^'^'

si^'"-y^'^' ichuan, the passengers

are sea-sick.

14. M flu A ^tl"* IS Iff-'^^'ei' l-o' Jen Jisin ^

rhang 'hao,

this man has a irood heart.

KASY STEPS IN CHINESE STUDIES. 227

Lesson No. 20.

!• W^ BM J^ '2/*'" (hsin 'yen êrJi, very intelligent.

2' M "? ^ '^ ffl '^'^'^ '**^ *'*' sP"^' ?"''' '^'s courage

(gall) is great, lie has no fear.

2' îJHf î§^ 'iô' Jisin 'hai ,kiian chu\ go to

the new (foreign) custom-house.

what place is he from ?

5- ^ /f^ _fc ffe '^01™ sP" shang' ^fa, I could not

overtake him.

6. i^ ^ ^ ^ 7 hsien' tsai' ^tien j chang 'liao, the

days are long now.

7. :§ /f» ;^ sJiih' ^puh shih', is it so or not ?

8- pT JItl -T* pT iil '^"^ 'j'* P**^'^'^^

i/''""'ould this

do or not? Can you do it or not?

9- m ^^ 7 s'*"' (Cfi-i<^ o/iil' (la, gone home.

10. 2®^^ fl cAe' ( mo pan' pu ' j s/imdc, cannot

manage in this way.

II- —iiS^ -ffi^ it 2'^' '^»^«

s''^* 'yiepuh' tso\ not

the least bit wrong.

12. ^y^-^^ (Chin ,tienfang\hsueh, to day is a

(school) holida}'.


Lesson No. 21.

1- @^^ *kan 'chin pan', to manage or do

something quickly.

2- flilgSSS^S? (^« c«^«wo che' ,mo pan' 'hao,

he says this was managed well.

3- M W fl* J@^ "? i^^* '2/'" s*^"^' t'"'' sA ''^S^)

what other way is there ?

4. ^ J^'^i^ ^nien ^chenff pull' 'hao, a bad year

for crops.

5. jIS J® tSC ^J ^c^i-'en yi' tai' W haP, the pestilence

is extremely bad.

6. A 'I!^^ ^ si^" t''*"* si"*'^* ii"ff\ men's thoughts

are wandering.

7- B ffl ^ S :*: ^ >Vj' 2/«?i^' , Awa /«> tai' ,to,

my daily expenses are very large.

8- ]^ 7j{]^ff V" '*^'"* P"^*' s*''^''' ^^^ rainfall is

not moderate (either too much or too little).

9- ffi^ iS '?^ ^ ^chuang chia ' 'chang puh\cheng,

the crops are not growing properly.

10- ]R 7^ ^ T ^ c''•'"'' *^"° sAom' 'Zi'ao ping',

melons and fruit are damaged.

11- ^ "F ^ ^chung ^tsz ito, insects are numerous.

BASY STEPS IN CHINESE STUDIES. 229

Lesson No. 22.

!• Il§ 7X /dt (ho fping 'shui, drink ice-water.

2. 5t "?^ '"' ' '*2 iteng, stomach-ache.

2* 'Kff'^J'^ ,«AoM ji/iz'/i rân ching', put it to

rights and clean it up.

^- M M^ ^^^' <^h^' i^^'^ffi pS'iii ill ^^6 stomach.

^* SiP^W^/"^*' *^*''S''" P>'ng\ disease in the

lungs.

6- ^' !•$ (^ BIS! s^'i'i 'chuan ^ko sou', asthmatical

coughing.

7. Btlfll «m' Azo/i', to spit blood.

8. ÎP^ 'Aao iMoh (SMng, to examine (as in

school).

9- ^^H 'shang ^tung Jisi, to give or bestow

something.

10- ÎSA '«/«^^ chuan' Jen, to admonish a man.

!!• ^ fU^ jS/jMOJAo skih', to make peace.

12. MT^ffti '^^^"5' ''*^'''' s''^^'*^' jc/jow, two men

at enmity with each other.

13. |ffiÂ 'hung pien' Jen, a cheater, a beguiler.

14. ^^ tt shou' ,yuan 'wang, to suffer injustice.

15. ^ BS A t^hi ifu ijen, to insult a man.


Lesson No. 23.

1- ^^ ?^ shih^ W ta\ great power or influence.

2. |§^ ^cliiao ao\ proud, haughty, etc.

3. jj, iiit V^'' ""'') patient, to put up with.

4. ft -f ^ hsing^ ' tsz jjao', of a hasty temper.

5- ^ ^ *3^ Ei c^'' ./^'*' 'shou 'chi, to be content in

one's sphere.

6. if^S^l^^lf^ c^shih ^mo tP J'ang ^chao 'ho,

where is the fire ?

7. 1^ ^ 6^J \ chiu' 'Ito ^ti Jen, a fireman.

8. ylX fi ' shui ^loong, a fire-engine.

^- :M 'f^ "? ^cha7ig ,ti 'tsz, a long ladder.

10. ^ -f" ^f'l 'tsz, an ase.

li- 1^ ^ "? ('^^'(^^ s/*^"^ '^•'^j to pull down a house.

12. :^ ^Ij T' ichicmg 'tao 'liao, the wall has fallen.

12- I^ T ^ ^ ^ (SAao 'Zmo (io '.sAao ^chien, how

many houses are burnt ?

l^- ® M 7 c^"i'' mieh' 'liao, the fire is out.

IS- J§'!^® 'chiang ^tung Jisi, to salve goods

(from fire).

l^' K5^ JJ''^'^ c <'^"''') to change one's home ; to

remove one's furniture.


Lksson No. 24.

^' H^S'^'fC ^"' (CM ,lafcilia 'huo, hire a

cart to remove the things.

2> ®3^^jE (CAj'^A tao' iping cJi'Sng', the roads

are very level.

3. f^ j^ fShiu tao', to put roads in order.

4. j§ f^ ,po fChieh, to put water upon.

5- fTJ^i^*^ '^'^ '*'"' c"^"*^ ^''"'' ^0 sweep the

roads.

^- ?^JS^^ si"** 'P" s''^*'* c*^'""^^'t^® policema:n

watches in the streets.

7. ^ JS^ ijun 'pu ifang, police-station.

8- S^ fCAzeH Zao', a lock-up, a prison.

9. ^f^P3 c^sm sya jmew, a new ya-m^n, the

Mixed Court.

10. #Pf3D^ 'shin wen' 'kou hung\ to take

evidence.

!!• S^^ ^"'5'' **"*' s''"'*^') to condemn, to

convict.

12. 19 JflJi3 2/M«5'' ihsing ^fa, to give punishment,

to employ the law.

13. J^ JE 2^ (j/a 'cU 5 Za?', to keep in custody.


Lesson No. 2.5

1. Jjj 7 fang'' 'liao, to set free.

2. ^ _fc '•so sliang^j to lock.

3. ^ f^ ^ 'i/iou kao''tsz, handcuffs, manacles.

4. 1^^^ 'so lien' 'ts.', fetters, chains.

5. JC 'tlm i^'"':' ,chia, the cangue.

6. flS ^ 5^ t^^^'W 'i^wo' sliih'', to issue a proclamation.

7. H A ^M (f''*''^' si^" s"" itsei, to send men to

take a thief.

8. Wl^/'^^s' (Cî-ie'iff, to let off a gun.

9. ^ ii^ ^chuang pao', to load a cannon.

10. /''C^ 'huo yao', gunpowder.

11. !^ 5S ? ^ <^''*'P"^'"'

'^^^s*"^'' î^ explosive shell.

12- i^ SH "F ichiang ^t'ou Usz, a bayonet.

13- Mi 7] (yô c'^«o, a dagger.

14. j{^ ^ jjao' fChe, gun-carriage.

15. 5^ ^ hao' ji, soldier's uniform.

16. ?^^ (i^'io fei', to drill, discipline.

17. ^^ 'ching ^chi, to put in order, to arrange.

18. ^ ^ han' (ping, literally " dry soldiers " i.e.

land-, as opposed to sea-, soldiers, also " Zm' (ping."


Lesson No. 26.

!• JJt ^ ' shui ^shih, water soldiers, i.e. man-of-

war's men.

2- ^ IIrI t.P^^9' hsiang, soldiers' pay and rations.

3. 1^ -^ Aao' ling', words of command.

4. $f ^^ fChien hsi', a spy.

5. ^i^-*^ chi' ^yao tai', to tie the sash.

6. JTSffil ''^ ' Icuo 'tui, to bind the leg.

'^-i\ ^ 'fet

''i^ shSng' cliang', to fight and conquer.

8- ^AjK/'^ c*^*^ ij^n fang' 'huo, to kill and

burn.

^- 1^ }B WM c'*"° °'' c*^" V'"'' V" ^*«*"\ to harass

the people.

10. Ji"^jH^ 'chiang ^to ^tsai ^po, to plunder

one's wealth.

11. xH jS HS^ chin' tui' 'Hang j nan, difficult to go

either way ; a dilemma.

12. S '& '^^ ;S ' '*" y^"' sP"^'

*'"^''' °° ^*y right

or left.

13. ^ 1^ iwei ^nan, difficult to accomplish.

14. tK,f^ fang' Jisin, don't trouble, make your

mind easy. .

.

25


Lesson No. 27.

1. ^"fj^mien W, strenuous effort; to urge one

to do one's best, to encourage.

2. ^ 5S yao' ^chiang, must try to excel.

3. îC^ (Chuan fhi'ing, with the whole heart.

^' ^^??C ^ '"^0^ êhih ^wan êrh, playing and

romping.

5. ^^WJ ^"f" s'*"" tung' ^sMn 'tss, to give motion

to the body.

6.jyfe j^^ tiC'O' kuo' chii\ to jump over.

7. 7^M ^ M<î 'tao ,la, to fall down.

8- SA^ ^ ?K tP* pull' 'chi ^lai, unable to rise.

9. ^SK@^ ^tsung ^na ^mo 'tsou, whence does

he go?

10- — iS^^ '^'' iChili ^chao (tung, go straight to

the east.

11- ^® ^chax) (hsi, turn towards the west.

12. ;^JSM^Jh '<^' cc/"Â mien' êrh shang', on

the big street.

13. <I>^ JS 11 SI '^siao 'cMeJi êrh 'U ^tou, in the

small street.

!*• 'fJ ffi 1^ ( ^^"" { chuang j er/j, a village, or hamlet.


Lesson No. 28.

!• ffi^^^SMc'*" cMeh^ 'li ^tou, in the foreign

settlements.

2- ffi^^lM (Chuang chia' ti' 'li, crop lands,

farms.

3. /jt^ 'shui Jcou, a ditch or moat, the bed of a

stream.

4. ^fl* ilan (kan, a railing, a balustrade.

5. !^ — îf fs 'hsieh ih' ^f&ng hsin', write a letter.

^- ^ 111 ^ '£ sung' Jiuei ^chia chii', to send home.

7. JTH^ t^^ '^« *^^'*' P<ô' kuaP tâng, send a

telegram quickly.

^' JTM^ ' '<" V" ' *"'"' *° '^°^'l ^P ^^ nmbrella.

9- S'^J'fll/'t (<MW5' (tien ^lung 'huo, in winter

make fires.

10. M^SJlJUM ''*^' c*^^'* f^'"' c/^"5' shan', in

summer pull the punkah.

li- ®S "Js {«/*«« s/ian' '<««, to fan one's self.

12. ^^ fiS ?F c^'^'*.7<'' e''^'" /«an', in hot weather

perspiration comes out.

when walking carry a walking sticky

236 EAST STEPS IN CHINESE STODIKS.

Lesson No. 29.

!• @ $ 6MI^ IM "F '^''"^t*^^'^ c^'^ '«^"^ (Pî^ *'««>

the driver uses a whip.

2. §fS^ '^*«ofc/k' Amj'', a good opportunity.

3. IB tt /f» Jf cAi' 7t«;w' jdkA' 'Aao, memory not

good.

to tell you about the affair.

5. —'ÎSgîST ^^''' ^""' s*''A c/tm' wang'

JZt'ao, to forget in a little time.

call one for me.

7. SSilBE &f) ,êrt <pan (ie'/i, a follower.

must understand how to do the business.

^' -^SÎG^fttl !?"^» y"' inien cJii' ta' ^tih,

old men not wanted.

10. ^^HÊS^ iShuo (Chih Usung puh^ 'kai, I

have scolded him, but he doesn't reform.

11. ifVf,ii#Mg pan' sUh' Umng 'tei je'n'

'eJien, business must be done diligently.

BA8Y STEPS IN CHINESE STUDIES. 237

Lesson No. 30.

!• <^ bI& US "T ^ /'"'' *'ko ihan 5

ku ' liao thih ',

must not be indefinite in this matter.

2- ^W^SS^ ,shuo JiO shih' yaa' (kunc/

iping, to arrange an equitable settlement.

^- ^^^^ ?"*" ' jiÂ Jwaw 5 chuan, to manage a

complete settlement.

4. 1Â >l^ M s^** ti^'* </<'"'S'pzWn', beneficial to

men ; something to the general advantage.

5. @ BiJl^J^® <«' 'ehi 'yiih Jang pien', con-

venient for me also.

6. 'if^'flj^ '^*" *'"^*' ^"''' s'""' '^'^^ affair is

disposed of.

7. ^ ^^^ 'Hang ^cliuan ^chi 'mei, of advantage

to both sides.

*• ^^^ Iff' tû shih' iShing'hao, all are ôod

and charitable.

9- iS 3® ilS —% *6 '«"' 'Awan^' ^«o' ''»««'s«^«

Awai' iiA', I think I will buy a piece of ground.

10. :^Î1HIK *«' 2/"' er' fSan Sjiu, probably

two or three mow.

238 bast steps in chimesb studies.

Lesson No. 31.

1. ^^^^•"Wi ''*' c*" 'tÔ'O icMen ih' 'mu,

what is the price per mow ?

2- iJ^îfc:;!^^ »«' '<« ân' «P /an^ ,erh,

that depends on the position.

3' ^W'f'A ''*' V'" ,tsung ijen, a middleman

is wanted.

4^- l.t S? T iffi ;3& K jc/i/ao 'Aao 'liao ti' Jang êrh,

look if this place is all right.

5- S^TIH^ *%' ''0 ''««" c/i/a' jcAtw, the

price is settled.

9 SSfTî^S ^<^"' ^^'"'^ ^liao (fang ^tan, see

if this deed is all right.

7. H^^fl&fJg JTSg iâ?' '«Aao «i' 'pao 'ta ,ehoh,

look again for the tipao to stamp it.

8- S&i^^^ff tP 'chu 'hsieh tsz' hua' ,ya,

the owner of the land must affix his signature.

ming tih' chid*, give the purchase-money in the

presence of the middleman.

10. f¥^ j& H^ ii^^ tsaP i-na (fang , tan huan'

tao^ chi', take the fangtan, and change it for a Taotai's

deed.

BABY STBP8 IK CHINBSB STUDIja. 239

Lbsson No. 32.

!• ^ ^ i8 ?|v IS ( A«Vk 'tei ^chao mu' chiang', first

find a carpenter.

2- ]^Hi^B)t'!>&iE ''"o' ,/)ao ««ao' huo' pu*

fpao Isao*, perhaps it is piece-work, perhaps not.

3- ^vj 0, t^u'ko'i, all is satisfactory, "can pass."

4. ^t^^^^ iP^^9 '^^"' **' t/""5' «*''''> make

the ground level.

5. '^ffi^^ ftua' fCJm s<w yang\ to draw the

architect's plans.

^' M^^*® y*"' *''^' itsung ^lu, how many

stories ?

7- jr SfeW ''"^ '^' 'chiao, to beat down the founda-

tion.

8. M /t» 'N" '""'" "*"' Z/ao', to buy timber.

^' SSf'SlS^ '*"'** ,chuan 'wa ^shih fhut, to

buy bricks, tiles and lime.

10. SiE'®!!^ '""" chiang' chp ichiang, the brick-

layer builds the wall.

11./J'*mM J; '^ JIS 'ftsiao ^kung yun' 'tu Jio 5m",

the coolie carries earth to mix with water.

240 EASY STEPS IN CHINKSE STUDIES.

Lesson No. 33.

!• §c ffi J2^ ^^'^^ ch'u* shang' iliang, pillars and

beams.

2- 3E^^B"F^X lisien' ting' jiP 'tsz ^chiou

fkung, to settle beforehand the day when work is to be

done.

2' ^^^ ^^ t'^" cP" s^' (Chuang hu', put glass

into the windows.

^- ^^^ ^'^^' ''^'*'' J*'"^) electric bells.

5- ^^JbtfiS"? ^*'"Z*^" shang' ^pn 'tan 'tsz,

ojL the floor spread a carpet.

6- M^^W'M ^*'** c'*^" cP" s^/aw^r jc/h', in

summer we spread a mat.

7. ^ ':?5^ t'" c^^^'^ iP^^^!/> put up a matshed.

8- S H ^ 'CC i^hih 'mai ^chia 'huo, to buy house-

hold furniture.

9- Wl 5^^ ,«/ma '/ew ^c/iiqng, to whitewash a wall.

^0- J; fSl ^ shang' ^yu ^chi, put on varnish.

11- # S JK ft^i ^-^ ' cAm% shoiis«/«7t

sc/«' ' ching,

make it all right everywhere.

12. ^S^ gf®^ yanj?' yang' ^an ^pai 'to, tang,

arrange everything in order.

BAST STKPS IN CHINESE STUDIES. 241

Lesson No. 3i.

!• ^ x££ '^ 'pa7i chin' cJiii' 'chu', to enter upoa

premises and dwell there.

2' ^^^^^"f" iChttang ting' ^tu yao' titn'

* tst, the beds and seats must all be covered with padded

stuff.

3. ^^^ i'/C ' '"«« 'chan fChia 'huo, bowls, cups

and crockery generally.

^' iS 5C S^^ '^" ^loan ^chSn sho', curios, antiques,

etc.

5- ^ IS "? JE :S 1^ s"'* '''^" '**^ s***" c"''"**' bring

a duster and dust the chairs and tables.

6- ffl -^^^ "F «/""5'' pw' f**'* ching' 'tsz, take a

cloth and clean the mirror.

'^' ^^^WM '*ltih itiao 'chou 'sao ti\ use the

broom to brush it up.

S- ^ ftM ifE^ y"'*'*' "**' chung' ,lma 'tsaoj in

the courtyard plant flowers and grass.

9- @S -^ i!^ "'^''*y«''S'

'chiao'niao, to rear birds.

10. X5ll 9 ^ l£ tAwTj^' too' <«' Ja« ioMng, work

properly done is naturally all right.

242 BASY STEPS IN CHINESE STUDIES.

Lesson No. 35.

1- W^B iScit^W '"»^«i«^*' c^^o" '*^"'* c^''"

ehing', every day it is to be cleaned.

2- ^^^ 'C^ c'" 'teiiliu fhsin, take care of every-

thing.

3. "t*^ :§ ~*tJ" ishth ^feng sliili' ^yili ts^un', ten

fin equal one inch.

4. "f* T'J' :§—^ s*^*^ <i'«n' s/iiA' yi'A' 'chih, ten

inches equal one foot.

5. "f*^ S —'^t isMh 'chih shih' ^yih chanci', ten

feet equal one chang.

6. JLJ^^—"^ 'wu 'chih shih' ^yih pu\ five feet

equal one pu.

7. ^Sm-i'1S^m-W(,er"paisz\shihJar^pit' shih' fi/ih 'mu, 240 square pu equal one mow.

8. ^Wa*"!*^^— M( ^^'^ '/"** '*"* j«/«7j pu*

shih' yih' 'li, 360 pu equal one mile.

9. +^:§—^ s*^"^' (/«« «''«/»' y^^*' iChien, ten

/^n equal one chien.

lO- +^^ "" M s*'"7» jc/iien shih' yih' 'Hang, ten

c/H*«n equal one tael (weight).

KAST STEPS IN CHINESE STUDIES. 243

Lesson No. 36.

1. f'i^M ^

—

' Jf^ ishihliu^ 'Uang shih^ yih' (CJdn,

sixteen taels equal one catty.

2- +^ ^—^ Mih t siting sJiih' yih' ' tou, ten

pints equal one peck.

3. '^^ ^—'^'wu'tou shih ' yih 'j liu, five pecks

'equal one Aw (corn measure).

4. M fl^:^ — S 'Hang ^hu shih'^yih ,shih, two hu

equal one picul.

5- 7J jFSlJ^T ('«" ''*^ jô /"o' 'Zi'ao, the knife

cut it in pieces.

6. M^f-LTA '"*'' c"^^ y' '^^'ô ijen, the

carriage runs over (and crunches) the man.

liao, the rickshaws are damaged hy collision.

8. MfMM^'^ s«A''» c'Â <c/'e '^'^« *«««''. the

bicycle goes very quickly.

9- îlStflT*® '<40M jcAwaji pa' hsia' wu', the

moving ship fears the fog.

10. ^1^^'J^ iChuan pSng' ^chen 'liao, the boats

collided and sank.


Lesson No. 37.

1. ft^^^ T ^'"o' ^f'"' c'" c^*** 'liao, the cargo

is all lost.

2- ^^ 5K T f^'"' '<'^"

s^"^ '^2'ao, it has been pulled

out.

3. Tii^Wi^ 'shtd 'thou ^pan chao', the sailors

pull the oars.

4. f^X^fS ^o* t^wn^r j/ja io', the helmsman

holds the tiller or helm.

5. JS 1® M 'Z"^" */iun' t/«"5') to go with a fair

wind.

6- fS tlS ii^ xi: i5S s«^wa« 2«w' '^* («Au tsao

^cJiuan, in the dock they mend the boats.

7. mf^fl chiao' huo' ihang, an auctioneering

firm.

^* }flM ]K ® (J"'""*'*'' c<Mn^ ,/(«', they sell goods

by auction.

9- 51 IM_h ^ ft '"^'^ s*°" shang' JtsieP huo\ on

the wharf they discharge cargo.

10. ih^fi^it^M 'fisiao Jun -^chuan Usou nei'

Jio, the launches go on inland waters.

BASY STEPS IN CHINESE STUDIES. .24:5'

Lesson No. 38.

!• 'fii /"Clra ^ S& f^«w '/'''o

s'«« <«'*« ^"'> to repair

a railway.

2. # i® ^ ^ i^ ^0^ c/iw' ,an tien' Iisien', every-

where electric wires are put up.

2' 1^^ ?^ c^''* s"*^* 'kuncf,~to open a coal mine.

^' ^^ 4^ (C/ji'n j?/m 'kung, gold and silver mines.

5. iK flj P '<" ^iMo' c^^"' '^""i native goods are

exported.

6. ^^ ;;^ :/C^ c*^ s'^^^'^ iAz'A^ ia' Jsung, silk and

tea are in the largest proportions.

7. J^K j^ P sy'^5' ^^^°' "^^'"^ 'kou, foreign goods

are imported.

9. ^^^M^ il/<^nff pu ' tsui' ( to, foreign cloth in

greatest quantity.

10. ^^S^ ilini^ suP Jiuo' wu\ general mer-

chandise.

11. ^ fl^ @^ ^ ^ 'sJiou 'sJiih ^ti ttung ,hsi, articles

of common use.

12. ^ j^ ffi^? 'c/m ,chin yung' chiao' 'tsz, at a

marriage, use the (red) chair.

246 KASY STBPS IN CHINESK STUDIKS.

Lesson No. 39.

! tB ^^ !^ t"^" pi^' sung' pin', to send a corpse

to burial and attend it.

2- S t'&M i^*' ^kuan ^tsai, to carry a cofBn.

3. ©J JK ~F^ sP"^" t^^ng hsaP tsang'', to dig a hole

or grave to bury in.

^- ^f± W 10 S S ^ ^^'«'s^««^

''yi^ ^0

'' «««<'

jerA 5?»o, on the tree there is a bird's nest.

5- ^5T^S@ ffi^ (/iij'an^r /m'a' tP Hi clmng'

fClmang clda^, in the country they plant their crops.

6- ^ffl"?}^^ '*'**' lyuan Hsz ^chiou tsai\ to

water plants in the vegetable garden.

7' '?E Bl ? ^ -ifB -^ c^*""' ,yuan ^tsz ''yang Jiua

'tsao, flowers grow in the flower garden.

8. f^l^^tfo' ^yin yo', to make music.

9. Pg^ chang* ksi', singing and playing; the-

atricals.

SHANGHAI:

Printed by Kelly & Walsh, Limited.

1904

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