easy access to historic landscapes - sensory therapy gardens manual

Easy Access toHistoricLandscapes

HISTORICHOUSESASSOCIATION

The United Kingdom’s historic parks, gardens andlandscapes are valued for their beauty, diversity andhistorical significance. Millions of people visit them everyyear but many others feel unwelcome and unable toenjoy these special places. Improving access is one keyto a wider understanding, valuing, caring and enjoymentof historic landscapes. English Heritage and the HeritageLottery Fund have produced this guidance to helpowners and managers reconcile wider access withconservation interests. Although prompted by theimplementation of the Disability Discrimination Act1995, this guidance promotes an inclusive approach toensure that every visitor to a historic park, garden orlandscape has a meaningful experience.

The National Trust, Countryside Agency, HistoricHouses Association and Historic Scotland haveprovided advice and guidance on this publication.The advice of the Historic Houses Association is verywelcome as many of our important historic parks andgardens open to the public are in private ownership.The Sensory Trust, which was commissioned to developthis guidance, promotes and implements inclusiveenvironmental design and management.The Trust’steam has worked closely with groups of disabledpeople, property staff and advisors on this project.

Barriers to access and individual, site-specific solutionsare illustrated throughout the guidance to stimulateideas, but new access solutions are being developedall the time and over the next five years a library ofgood design and good practice case studies couldbe developed.

English Heritage, the National Trust and HistoricScotland seek to ensure that their properties andevents are accessible to everyone by providing easy,dignified access wherever reasonably possible.Thestatutory agencies encourage others who own ormanage historic landscapes to adopt access plans thatare consistent with the special historic or archaeologicalinterest of the property concerned.As the lead advisorybody on historic landscapes in England, English Heritagebelieves access should be celebrated with high-qualitydesign that is also sensitive to the special interest ofhistoric parks, gardens and landscapes.

Funding from the Heritage Lottery Fund across the UKoften presents the biggest opportunity for historic parksand gardens to undertake major redevelopment andmake physical improvements to overcome the barriersdisabled people face in sharing access to our heritage.In its first 10 years the Heritage Lottery Fund hasrestored over 250 public parks, gardens, squares,promenades and historic cemeteries across the UK. HLFexpects all applicants to think about how they can maketheir heritage asset more accessible for disabled peopleby overcoming the barriers which challenge access.

All of us who have been involved in producing thisguidance document encourage everyone who may havea role in making historic landscapes more accessible –owners, managers, friends groups, advisors – to usethis guidance to create inclusive landscapes that canbe accessed and enjoyed by everyone.

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Easy access to historic landscapesContents

Contents

Introduction 3What this guide covers 4

Other guidance 4

Part IAccess and conservation:

getting the balance right 5Permissions and consents 8

Access legislation and standards 10Disability Discrimination Acts

1995 and 2005 10Defining disability 10Standards for access and Part M 11Access statement 12Considering reasonable adjustments 12

An inclusive approach 13Principles of an inclusive

historic landscape 14Benefits of an inclusive approach 15

Developing skills 16Consulting with people 17

The Witley Court Project 18

Part 2Planning for better access 20

Access strategy 21Access audit 21Conservation management plan 21

Access plan 23The access planning process 24

Supporting the process 26Access statement 26Funding 26

Barriers to access 27Identifying barriers 28Examples of barriers 30Examples of solutions 31

Visitor experience 32Visitor surveys 33Decision to visit 33Information for visitors 34Bolton Abbey 35Getting there and home 36Arrival 38Getting around 39Paths and routes 40Path surfaces 42Steps 43Steep paths and gradients 45On-site transport 47Garden features 48Information and interpretation 49Comfort 52Poole’s Cavern 54

Supporting informationDisability Discrimination Act 1995 55Disability Rights Commission

Codes of Practice 56

Sources of informationPrimary legislation 57Official guidance documents 57General reading: access 58General reading: historic landscapes

and their conservation 62Where to go for further information 63

Access organisations 63National societies 65Government bodies 66

Front cover images, from top left tobottom right all © Sensory Trust

Mount Edgcumbe Park, CornwallCathedral Precinct, GlasgowChatsworth House, DerbyshireMount Stewart, Co. DownRoyal Botanic Gardens, EdinburghTintern Abbey, MonmouthshireNo Man’s Land Orchard, KentPainshill Park, Surrey

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Easy access to historic landscapes Introduction

Historic landscapes and access issues are diverse.Clockwise from top left: Peveril Castle, Derbyshire;Witley Court,Worcestershire; Birmingham BotanicGardens; Mount Stewart, County Down; Badminton Park, Gloucestershire; Mount Grace Priory, NorthYorkshire; Corfe Castle, Dorset; Painshill Park Waterwheel, Surrey; centre Arnos Vale Cemetery, Bristol

©C

hristopher Gallagher

©N

ational Trust

©A

ndrew Tryner

©Stephen Robson

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Easy access to historic landscapesIntroduction

Introduction

This guide has been produced to helpproperty owners and managers make theirhistoric landscapes more accessible to allvisitors. It will also be of value to designers,planners, policy makers and others workingto open up historic sites to a wider rangeof visitors.The principles in this guide areapplicable for other landscapes.

The term historic landscape is usedthroughout this guide to include thefollowing types of landscape in the UK:

� Historic parks and gardens� Historic urban squares and townscapes� Ancient monuments� Industrial heritage� Cemeteries and commemorative sites

A key theme of this guide is how to achievea balance between improving access andconserving the historic character and fabric.The focus is on enhancing the visitorexperience, but the guidance will also helpimprove the skills and approach of staff andvolunteers. Access can often be significantlyenhanced through low-key improvementsand without major intervention.

This guide advocates an inclusive approachto design and management, addressingthe needs of all people, regardless ofage, gender, background or disability.This inclusive approach is underpinnedby legislation such as the DisabilityDiscrimination Acts 1995 and 2005 (DDA).

Key points of this guide

Historic landscapes are important national assets.Theyprovide some of the most special and valued places forpublic recreation and education. Such landscapes are oftenvulnerable.The objective of conservation management isto maintain historic landscapes in ways that sustain theirsignificance or values, and where appropriate, recover,reveal or enhance them.

The benefits of improving access go beyond meeting legalrequirements. It is an opportunity to attract new audiences,increase the likelihood of repeat visits and improve thequality of experience for all visitors.

Access improvements benefit many people. It is estimatedthat one person in five is disabled (11.7 million), and thata further 18 million people would benefit from improvedaccess to public spaces.This includes older people, familieswith young children and people with temporary or health-related impairments (Office of the Deputy Prime Minister2003).

Access must be seen in its widest sense, including howeasy it is for people to explore the landscape, enjoy itand feel comfortable. Standard solutions rarely work.Access improvements should be planned to respectthe special qualities of a particular site.

The DDA requires a reasonable approach to improvingaccess but the meaning of reasonable is yet to be established.Expectations of what is reasonable are likely to evolve asinclusive approaches are more widely used and technologyimproves. Meeting responsibilities under the DDA relies onchanging practices, policies and procedures as well as makingpractical changes on the ground. Inclusive practices rely onthe support and involvement of all staff and volunteers.

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Easy access to historic landscapes Introduction

The focus of this guide is on developingapproaches that can be sustained overtime, for example by making existingpractices more inclusive. In the absenceof regulatory standards for access tolandscape, this guide suggestsexamples of current good practice.

Part 1 sets the scene. It addresses thechallenges associated with improvingaccess in historic landscapes and the needto find creative access solutions. It givesan overview of the DDA, highlights thebenefits of an inclusive approach andoutlines the importance of developingskills and consulting with people.

Part 2 is designed to help managersand owners plan access improvements.It discusses how visitors find out about,reach, and enjoy a site, and highlights theimportance of comfort and enjoyment.Ideas and examples of good practicehave been collected from historiclandscapes throughout the UK.

The supporting information sectionprovides information on the legislation,with particular emphasis on the DDA.It also identifies sources of furtherinformation and advice.

Other guidance

This guide has been produced as acompanion to English Heritage’s EasyAccess to Historic Buildings (2004), HistoricScotland’s Technical Advice Note Access tothe Built Heritage (1996), the Countrysidefor All accessibility standards, the FieldfareTrust’s A Good Practice Guide to CountrysideAccess for Disabled People Extended CDEdition: 2005, and the CountrysideAgency’s new guidance on least restrictiveaccess (By All Reasonable Means 2005).It also refers to the Building Regulations andthe minimum standards set out in Part Mof these regulations (ODPM 2004).

Guidance on access standards for buildingsand the wider countryside can be veryuseful. However, whilst many issues aresimilar for both indoor and outdoorenvironments caution is required whenapplying such solutions in historic landscapes.

At the time of writing there is limitedpublished guidance on improving accessto historic landscapes.The Sensory Trustwebsite includes a review of currentpublications.

What this guide covers

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Easy access to historic landscapesPart 1

Part 1

Historic landscapes provide some of themost popular visitor attractions in the UK.In 2002, more than 57 million visits weremade to country parks, historic gardens,historic houses and palaces (VisitBritain2002). English Heritage’s own visitor surveyinformation from 2003 and 2004 showsthat approximately 35 per centare repeat visits.

These landscapes are tangible links to ourpast.They are important as expressions oflandscape design and for their associationwith individuals, historic events, art andculture, and as wider landscape settings.

Parks, gardens and other designedlandscapes of special historic interest maymerit inclusion in the national registers forEngland,Wales and Northern Ireland andthe Inventory of Gardens and DesignedLandscapes in Scotland.These designationsreflect the aesthetic qualities of thelandscapes, their rarity, state of survival,and their contribution to the historyof landscape design.

Registered and inventory landscapes oftenrepresent layers of design from differenthistoric periods as well as the work ofimportant designers. Many other non-registered sites are of local importanceand require care when planning changes.

Parks and gardens were designed forpleasure.Their paths, drives, vantage pointsand features such as pavilions and terracesshow how the landscape was originallyintended to be used and enjoyed.

Many of these historic landscapes are opento the public, and visitors are importantto help them remain viable.

However, few historic landscapes wereoriginally planned to be accessible todisabled people.Therefore, it is notsurprising that many parks and gardenspresent access challenges due to theirtopography and design features or acombination of both. For example, narrowpaths and gateways laid out as part of anintimate private garden may make accessdifficult for wheelchair users or peoplewith pushchairs when this garden isopened up to the public to visit.

Carefully planned and maintained accessimprovements can help attract newaudiences and improve the visitorexperience.The principles of easy accessare not new. In 1833, the garden designer,Robert Marnock wrote an article on themaking and formation of gravel walks andwas mindful of ‘the horror’ of loose gravelupon those who happened to have ‘suchthings as corns on their feet’ (Gardener’sand Forester’s Record 1 1833).

Access and conservation:getting the balance right

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Easy access to historic landscapes Part 1

The potential benefits of improving accessneed to be balanced with maintaining theintegrity and authenticity of the historiclandscape.This requires an understandingof the significance of the historic landscape.For example, its design and features,architecture, archaeology, historic andcultural associations, scientific or wildlifeinterest and role as an amenity.Theaesthetic qualities of the historic landscapeare equally important. Part of the propertymanager’s challenge is to appreciate thesedifferent and potentially conflicting interests,and find the most appropriate solutionsto improving access.

Conservation principles for historiclandscapes give priority to physicalpreservation and, where possible, theircontinued use or function. As much aspossible of the original fabric shouldbe retained, and intervention shouldbe minimised.

The components of a historic landscapemay be important in their own right orfor their collective effect but they maynot be of equal significance. Some mayeven detract from or obscure featuresof historic significance, some valuesmay be conflicting.

There can be a tension between conservinghistoric significance and broadening the useand enjoyment of a landscape by visitors.Historical survey and analysis are essentialto understand the significance of individualcomponents, optimise values, and plan thesensitive integration of new or upgradedaccess provision. Interventions and

An example ofbalancing historicsignificance with accessimprovement toaccommodate a gradechange at Well HallPleasaunce, London.

Access relies on morethan making physicalchanges. For example,guided tours bring tolife the history of aplace and can betailored to differentaudiences, such as hereat the Great Flat LodeTrail in Cornwall.

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decisions should be recorded for futureinterest and original material salvaged.

The diversity of historic landscapes meansthat access improvements cannot bestandard solutions. For example, the benefitsof good signage are well understood butsign design needs to be specific to each site.

Access improvements should be in contextwith the design and qualities of a historiclandscape, and major interventions shouldaim to be valued as features in their ownright in the future. Conservation principlesdo not imply or rule out working in historicstyles but do require respect for thesignificance of the historic landscape.Short-term or temporary solutions shouldbe reversible and should not delay orobstruct permanent, well-designedimprovements. Maintenance of a historiclandscape is essential. Paths, signs andother access features should be keptin good condition.

New sensory gardens and features likeraised borders with scented plants haveoften been developed to add interest tosites. However, better maintenance of thewhole historic landscape can often unlocka far more extensive sensory experiencefor all visitors.The whole garden should bea sensory experience.With the emphasison maintenance and repair of historicallyimportant parks and gardens, new sensorygardens are unlikely to be appropriate.

The Arley Hall, Cheshire, double herbaceousborder dates from 1846 and is one of the oldestin the country. By tradition and for aesthetics,such flower borders are often set against lawns,however some wheelchair users will find grasssurfaces difficult.

©C

lay Perry

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Planning permission, listed building orscheduled monument consents may berequired if changes affect a registeredpark or garden of historic interest.

Planning permission

Permission is required for the developmentof land.This includes most building workinvolving material alteration to theappearance of a property and mostchanges of use. Planning permissionsare administered by local authorities.

Listed building consent

Historic landscapes often include notablebuildings and garden structures. Consentis required for any works of demolition,alteration or extension which affect thecharacter of a listed building, including anyassociated structures and fittings within itscurtilage. Listed building legislation appliesto both internal and external changes,irrespective of whether features areidentified separately in the list description.The advice of the local planning authorityshould be sought on the need for consentat an early stage in the design process.

In seeking listed building consent it isimportant to provide information aboutthe architectural and historical significanceof the building and to assess the likelyimpact of the access proposals in relationto this.The application must demonstratewhy any potentially damaging works are

Permissions andconsents

The DDA does not override otherlegislation such as listed building orplanning legislation, and the need to obtainappropriate approvals still applies in thecase of changes made to improve access.

Reconstruction or re-creation of a historiclandscape or feature may be consideredto add interest or to aid interpretation.Such developments need to be accurate,exact, evidence-based and fully recorded.Straightforward maintenance and repairis nearly always preferable.

The historic garden at Audley End, Essex hasan 18th-century parterre which was restoredin the 1980s.The fountains add to the sensoryexperience of the garden.

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necessary or desirable, and thus establishthat a balance between conservationand access has been struck. If a detailedproposal is refused consent it may stillbe possible to achieve alternative andacceptable design solutions throughnegotiation and resubmission.

It may also be necessary to apply for listedbuilding consent for temporary accessmeasures, including those made in advanceof permanent solutions being adopted,if these will affect the character of thebuilding – the local planning authority willadvise on the need for consent. Portableramps which are not fixed in place andwhich are removed after use do notrequire consent.

Scheduled monument consent

Some historic landscapes may be protectedas scheduled monuments. Consent isrequired for any work to a site or buildingthat has been designated as a scheduledmonument.The websites for EnglishHeritage, Historic Scotland, Cadw andthe Department of the Environment inNorthern Ireland give information onhow to apply for consents.

Designated historic gardensand landscapes

If planning permission is required for anyproposed alterations, the local planningauthority must consult the GardenHistory Society in all cases. In addition,English Heritage in the case of English sitesregistered as Grade I or II*, or HistoricScotland, or Cadw on designated landscapesin Scotland and Wales.The Departmentof the Environment in Northern Irelandis the statutory agency for natural andbuilt heritage.

It is important in principle that disabledpeople should have dignified access toand within historic buildings. If it istreated as part of an integrated reviewof access arrangements for all visitorsor users, and a flexible and pragmaticapproach taken, it should normally bepossible to plan suitable access fordisabled people without compromisinga building’s special interest. Alternativeroutes or reorganising the use of spacemay achieve the desired result withoutthe need for damaging alterations.

Department of the Environment andDepartment of National Heritage 1994.Planning Policy Guidance Note 15:Planning and the Historic Environment.

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Disability Discrimination Acts1995 and 2005

This section gives an introduction to theDisability Discrimination Act 1995, thescope of which is extended by the 2005Act. Further detail about the DDA andassociated Codes of Practice is providedin the supporting information section.

The DDA makes it unlawful for theproviders of goods, facilities and services(and certain other bodies) to discriminateagainst anyone on the grounds of his orher disability. It affects all owners of historicgardens and landscapes that are open tothe public, as ‘service providers’, often alsoas employers and sometimes as educationproviders. It applies in England, Scotland,Wales and Northern Ireland.

The DDA requires that reasonableadjustments should be made where aservice provider has a practice, policy orprocedure or there is a physical featurethat makes it impossible or unreasonablydifficult for disabled people to make useof the service.What is deemed reasonablewill be tested in the courts but theDisability Rights Commission’s Code ofPractice (2002), gives helpful guidance.

Where appropriate, Scheduled Monument,or Listed Building Consent and planningapproval must be obtained in advance ofimproving access by physical changes.However, this does not provide a blanketexcuse for avoiding access improvements,

especially those that can be achieved bymeans that avoid major physical alteration.It is usually possible to reconcileconservation and access interests.

Defining disability

Improving access for disabled people isoften assumed to mean providing forwheelchair users, but it is estimated thatonly five per cent of disabled people arepermanent wheelchair users.Their needsare important but must be consideredtogether with other types of disability.

The DDA defines disability as ‘a physicalor mental impairment which has asubstantial and long-term adverse effecton [a person’s] ability to carry out normalday-to-day activities’. In addition towheelchair users and ambulant disabledpeople, this definition includes thosewith poor manual co-ordination or littlestrength; those with sensory impairments,including impaired sight and hearing;and people with impaired memory,concentration or understanding.The DDA2005 extends this definition to includepeople with progressive conditions suchas multiple sclerosis, HIV or cancer.

Disability spans all age groups, backgroundsand circumstances. It is estimated that onein five people in the UK has a disability(ODPM 2003).This does not includeall those people who at any one timeexperience what may be temporary

Access legislation and standards

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‘disabilities’, for example a broken limb,a heart condition, or general fatigue.The implications of disability are oftenshared by a group of visitors includingfamilies, friends, carers and companions.

Older people may not consider themselvesdisabled but can experience many of thesame barriers through reduced stamina,mobility, sight and hearing. Demographicchanges are resulting in a greaterproportion of older people in society.Increasingly, retired people have moredisposable income and time to spendon leisure.They are already likely tobe a significant proportion of visitorsto historic landscapes.

Standards for accessand Part M

The DDA does not include standards foraccess. Approved Document Part M: Accessto and Use of Buildings (ODPM 2004) ofthe Building Regulations (ODPM 2002) isthe only set of regulatory standards toaddress accessible design. It was updatedto include the BS 8300 (BSI 2001) standards.The updated version advocates an inclusiveapproach to ‘design to accommodate theneeds of all people’. BS 8300 has alsobeen updated.

Part M applies primarily to buildings butincludes the approaches to them from edgeof site, car parks and setting-down points.

Part M is a useful reference point fordesigners, owners and managers, evenwhen building regulations do not apply.It provides guidance on inclusive designprinciples and a wide range of specificissues including car parking, paths, ramps,gradients, steps, information, toilets andother facilities.

However, the following points need tobe considered:

� Part M provides minimum standardsand these serve as baselines only

� The standards are building-relatedand may not be appropriate for alllandscape situations

� There may be constraints that preventa historic designed landscape frommeeting the standards, and inclusivesolutions may be achieved moreeffectively through other means

Recent disability figures for the UKsuggest that there are:

� Over 11.7 million people who arecategorised as disabled

� Over 2 million have a visualimpairment

� 8 million people suffer from someform of hearing loss

� 1 million people have a form oflearning difficulty

� Over 7 million people have literacyproblems.’

Cabinet Office 2002. Illustrated Handbookfor Web Management Teamswww.cabinetoffice.gov.uk

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A copy of Approved Document Part M(2004) can be downloaded from theODPM website. Similar standards foraccess can be found in the Building(Scotland) Regulations (2004) on theScottish Building Standards Agency website.

Access statement

The access statement is an importantaddition to the updated Part M. Essentiallythe access statement is a way ofdemonstrating that every effort has beenmade to provide an inclusive environmentand that the property manager is notsimply using the site and its layout to justifylower standards of access provision. It is auseful document for owners and managersto create, even when building regulationsdo not apply. Part M recognises that accesssolutions may vary from site to site, andthat there may be other, equally satisfactoryways of meeting the requirements.

An access statement should be a workingrecord of how approaches and applicationswere planned, the reasons why decisionswere made, the constraints imposed bythe existing design, who was consulted andwhat guidance was used. Further detailis given on page 26.

Accessible sites allowdisabled and non-disabled visitors toenjoy the experiencetogether. Accessprovision that separatespeople should beavoided wheneverpossible.

Considering reasonableadjustments

The DRC Code of Practice (DRC 2002)that covers access, facilities and servicesexplains the statutory duty to makereasonable adjustments as comprising of aseries of duties falling into three main areas:

1 Change practices, policies andprocedures

2 Provide auxiliary aids and services3 Overcome a physical feature by

removing the feature, or altering it,or avoiding it, or providing servicesby alternative methods

All of these need to be considered andjudged in terms of what would form areasonable approach to balancing historicsignificance and access requirements.

It is often assumed that accessimprovements involve physical changes.This is not always the case. Some ofthe most effective improvements comefrom quite simple, low-cost changes tointerpretation, the way things are done,and how visitors are looked after.This isparticularly important for landscapes ofhigh historic significance with morelimited options for physical change.

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An inclusive approachAn inclusive approach recognises everyoneas a potential visitor.The challenge is toensure that each visitor has an equallysatisfying experience.

An inclusive environment is one that canbe used by everyone, regardless of age,gender, disability or background. It resultsfrom a creative approach to design andmanagement that embraces diversity andseeks solutions to benefit as many peopleas possible.This approach will help ownersand managers improve access for thewidest range of visitors, staff and volunteers.

Traditional approaches to improving accesshave tended to segregate disabled people.Even though access may be improved,disabled visitors can feel isolated andpatronised. For example, disabled peoplemay have to use a separate entranceto their favourite garden, or follow analternative route around a site thatmisses the most popular attraction.

A common example of segregation isthe idea of a sensory garden designedspecifically for visually impaired visitors.An inclusive approach recognises thatthe sensory qualities of a landscapeare appreciated by all visitors.The bestapproach is to draw out the full sensoryexperiences throughout the site.

Accommodating the diverse needs ofdisabled people will also address issuesof age, gender and background as long asdisability is seen in its broadest sense.For example, improving a path surface will

benefit people with pushchairs as well asolder people and wheelchair users. Clearersignage will help people with dyslexia aswell as those with visual impairments.

It is rarely possible to do everything foreveryone.The point is to create a balanceso that every visitor is able to enjoy theexperience. Providing choice is important.For example, if a property offers audiotours, an equivalent experience shouldbe provided for hearing-impaired visitorsthrough written materials or signage.

Simply following design specifications willnot result in inclusive sites and facilities.Specifications are a starting point, butcommon sense and a creative approachare required to find solutions that workbest within a historic landscape.

An inclusive approachensures that all visitorsfeel included.

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Offers choice

This is one of the most important aspectsof an inclusive landscape. It ensures thatvisitors can decide how they want to useand enjoy it. For example, some peoplewill visit independently, others withfamily, friends or as part of a group. It isimportant to provide for all of these.Clear information will help people makechoices about when and what to visit.

Safe

Safety is a fundamental issue. Health andsafety policies and practices must addressthe needs of all visitors, staff and volunteers.Feedback from visitors, front-line staff andvolunteers will help identify problems thatmight be overlooked by routine checks.Issues include emergency evacuationprocedures, and how these arecommunicated to people with differentdisabilities. Safety checks should takeaccount of temporary work and howit might impact on access.

Embraces diversity

An inclusive approach sees diversity asan opportunity to find creative designand management solutions. It relies onadopting positive approaches in all aspectsof design and management.This includesstaff and volunteer recruitment, eventsmanagement, landscape design andmanagement, education programmesand ongoing maintenance.

Inclusive design is an evolving approachthat changes in response to expectationsand new techniques as well as legislation.It relates to how access improvementsare planned, as well as the end results.An inclusive approach is based on theset of principles below.

Principles of an inclusivehistoric landscape

Easy to use

This principle relates to how easy it is forpeople to get to and around a historicdesigned landscape, and to use its facilities.The main issues usually concern transport,entrances, paths, toilets, seating andinformation. Improvements may involvephysical adaptation such as re-layinguneven paving or providing an alternative,shorter route around a site. Maintenancecan make a big difference, for examplekeeping paths clear of overhanging plantsor repairing eroded path surfaces. Staff andvolunteers can provide valuable supportas guides or assistants.

Comfortable

Comfort relies on a network of facilitiesincluding toilets, food, help points andseating. Comfort is important for all visitors,particularly those who tire easily and needto rest more often. Providing seating andshelter enables older or disabled peopleto explore a longer historic route or topause to absorb information. Small detailscan make a big impact, for examplewater provided for assistance dogs.

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Benefits of an inclusiveapproach

Visitor satisfaction� Better quality of experience

for all visitors

Visitor numbers� Increased visitor numbers from

new audiences and increasedrepeat visits

Staff and volunteer development� Improved service delivery and

greater staff satisfaction

Positive image� Good reputation associated with

making efforts to improve access

Cost versus benefit� More effective use of resources

and less wastage from temporarymeasures

Employment� Greater diversity of people employed

as staff and volunteers

Balance� Conservation of historic significance

is balanced with improved accessprovision.

Broad, well-maintained paths provide goodaccess through the quarry gardens of BelsayHall, Northumberland. Ease of access betweengarden areas also needs to be considered.

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Disability awareness training is designedto increase understanding of disability andaccess issues.Training should be ongoing,linked with other skills development,and provided for all staff and volunteers.Typically, organisations invest in trainingoperational staff, but overlook theimportance of extending this to allmembers of the organisation, includingthose staff who work behind the scenesand senior staff and board members.

Some of the best ideas for improvingaccess, especially concerning operationalpractices, come from front-line staff.Arranging visits to other sites is useful toshare ideas and experiences with others,and to see examples of good practice.This can help staff see the benefits ofdeveloping inclusive practices, and howaccess improvements can be made inkeeping with the character and specialqualities of a historic landscape.

Ideally, a training programme will includesome sessions focused on specificdisabilities such as hearing or visualimpairments, as well as general awareness.Some of the most effective training isgained by working and consulting withdisabled people.Trainers need to have aninsight into historic property conservationand management, and the appropriatenessof different options to enhance accessibility.

Visitors judge an organisation or site onstaff attitude and the way things are done,as well as on what the place has to offer.Effective change therefore relies ondeveloping skills and understandingamongst staff. It is crucial that everyone inthe property team understands that theyhave a part to play in improving access,and that the organisation or propertymanager supports and encourages thissense of shared responsibility. Nominatinga champion for access issues can help thisprocess, but they must have sufficientseniority and the support of colleaguesat all levels of the organisation.

Developing skills

Volunteers help a group of visitors negotiatebarriers designed to prevent vehicular accesson the Camel Trail in Cornwall.

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Consulting with peopleIt is important to involve disabled peopleas early as possible when planning accessimprovements. Consultation should alsoinclude people who do not visit a place inorder to find out why.Visitors and visitor-operations staff also need to be involvedin the identification, study, interpretation,protection, conservation and presentationof the historic landscape in order toparticipate in making decisions aboutchanges to improve access.This ensuresthat the needs and views of differentpeople and the site and its conservatorsare considered at a stage when there isgreatest scope for addressing implications.

Many disabled people are used to findingcreative ways of overcoming barriers intheir day-to-day lives.Their perspectivescan be invaluable in helping to identify themost practical ways of overcoming accessbarriers in a landscape.

When planning consultation, it is useful toidentify local communities and groups thatmight get involved, such as disability groups,retirement communities, clubs, conservationgroups, schools and training centres.

Most people will respect the fact thatefforts are being made and will welcomethe opportunity for their ideas and viewsto be sought.Their involvement willdemonstrate a positive commitmentto improving access, and this can helpreassure visitors who may feel frustratedwith current access difficulties.

An inclusive approachinvolves as manydifferent people aspossible. Asking peoplewhat they think abouta place will helpidentify priorities forimproving access.Thisgroup took part in aconsultation day for theNorth Downs WayLost Landscapesproject in Kent.

Consultation must not be a token effort toinvolve people. One of the most commoncriticisms from people who have giventime to share their views is that they neverheard any news of what happened as aresult of their contribution. Ongoingcontact with people is important to ensurethey feel their input was valued and toreview subsequent ideas and changes.

When discussing a site it is important toaddress the quality of experience it offersas well as its barriers.This will give a morecomplete picture of the site and showhow best to make its sensory experiencesaccessible. It should also help to identifywhich barriers should be tackled first.

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Effective consultation relies on establishingclear parameters, including the following:

� Parts of the landscape with specialhistoric significance which havelimited options for change

� Barriers with no historic significancethat could be changed

� The level of resources available tosupport new ideas and improvements

� Realistic estimates of the cost ofcapital works

� Providing adequate information forconsultees to reach informed decisions

� Allowing sufficient opportunity forconsultees to respond

� Taking into account consultees’ advicein final decisions

Giving a clear picture at the outset willencourage more appropriate suggestions,and will help avoid the need to explain ata later stage why some ideas could not betaken into account. Professional input canprovide specialist insights on design andmanagement options, explain the historicsignificance of a site and interpret theimplications of different suggestions.

Access at Witley Court Project

English Heritage invited groups ofdisabled people to help its Witley Court,Worcestershire, team understand theproperty’s physical and intellectual accessbarriers and to discuss ideas abouthow access could be improved.

Witley Court is an important Grade II*registered landscape park and formalmid-19th-century garden.The French andItalian gardens designed by the prestigiousWilliam Andrews Nesfield (1794–1881)were considered to be among the mostmagnificent in England.The Court, itsgardens, and associated buildings are alsoa Scheduled Monument.Within this group,the house, its link to the church and thebaroque church are also Grade I listedbuildings, and further buildings and featuresare listed Grade II* and Grade II.

In 2004, 58,000 people visited WitleyCourt.The majority are in the 45–54group but 27 per cent are retired.Thevisitors are mostly day-trippers who travelbetween 5 and 20 miles to a property.

Consultation should be convenient and accessible so that people canparticipate.This includes accessible venues, appropriate times and transportif needed. Any supporting documents and information should be accessible.

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Witley Court is a challenging site forbalancing conservation with access needsas there is a variety of path surfacesthrough the woodland and gardens.Thereare also steps, terraces, lawns and parterres;and the house is only accessible via steps.

The volunteers who took part in theAccess at Witley Court project consultationincluded people with hearing and visualimpairments, learning disabilities andwheelchair users.They offered manypractical and inexpensive recommendationson how access and the ‘comfort factor’ ofthe site might be improved for all visitors.

The clearest message from the consultationwas that many disabled visitors appreciatebeing given clear pre-visit and welcomeinformation in different formats so theycan plan ahead, make choices and decisionsindependently. Information should includedetails of the site layout and facilitiesavailable as well as the historical significanceof the landcape.

Consultation continues with the groupswho took part in the project asrecommendations are followed upand new site presentation andinterpretation is developed.

©D

rew Bennellick

Volunteers at Witley Court (Worcestershire) discussing how to improve accessand appraising the audio guide.

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Good access provision is the result of aproperty team’s commitment to improvingaccess and enjoyment for all visitors totheir historic landscapes. Property managingorganisations should develop policies andworking practices that include the needsof disabled people in all aspects of theirbusiness.The ultimate aim is to make thisinclusive approach integral to everythingthe organisation does.

Planning ensures that improvementsbring the greatest benefits to the visitorexperience, while respecting the specialqualities of the historic landscape. Mostdesigned landscapes have limited capitaland revenue budgets, and often limitedstaff resources. Planning helps ensurethat these are used to best effect.

The diagram on pages 24 and 25 showshow to use and relate access planning toolslike strategies, audits and plans, and historicenvironment conservation managementplans. Plans will vary according to the scaleand complexity of a garden or landscape,but the principles remain the same.

There are risks in failing to addresshistoric significance when planning accessimprovements.The view that an entirelandscape must be preserved may overlookfeatures with little historic significance thatcould be improved aesthetically as well

as providing greater accessibility. Conversely,an approach that opens up all areas tochange can result in irreparable damageto the historic character and fabric of alandscape.There may be opportunitiesto reinstate routes that are historicallyappropriate, for example old carriagedrives to give vehicular access.

Access may also rely on the quality ofservice provided by external agencies, forexample contractors like caterers, groundsmaintenance teams, and event organisers.It is important that such agencies areaware of the quality of service they areexpected to deliver.The duties introducedby the DDA and the property’s accesspolicies and standards will therefore needto be included in briefs and specifications.

Involving people asearly as possible in theconsultation process,such as this planningday for the grounds ofBethlem Royal Hospital,London, can lead tonew ways of thinkingabout access issues,and produce goodideas for tacklingbarriers and improvingthe experience forvisitors.

Planning for better access

Part 2

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Access strategy

The access strategy is a top-level documentthat sets out the organisation’s accesspolicy and the ways in which it will put thepolicy into practice.The access strategyneeds to include:

� A commitment to develop and sustaininclusive practices

� How the document links to other plansand strategies, such as a conservationmanagement plan and policies

� Plans for preparing an access auditand access plan, and related costs

� Aims and targets for improving accessto services and facilities, together withtimescales, priorities, inclusive designimplications and budgets

� Involvement of disabled people in thedevelopment and ongoing review ofthe access strategy

� How the access strategy will bemonitored and reviewed andwho will be responsible

Improving access must be seen as anongoing process, not a one-off exercise.The access strategy and planning processencourages continuous improvements.

Access audit

Being aware of the barriers to access ona site is an essential early step in planningaccess improvements. An access audit isa useful tool that identifies and recordsexisting barriers. It should address therequirements of the whole range of

disabilities. Many audits focus on physicalaccess. A thorough audit should alsoinclude sensory and intellectual barriers,and whether disabled people have beeninvolved in access planning for the site.

The audit should follow the journeyaround a garden or landscape, startingfrom information available to plan a visit,the arrival areas, through the choice ofwalks, gardens and features, services andfacilities available on site like guided tours,interpretation, cafés and toilets, andfinishing with the exit route.

Access audits are usually commissionedfrom an independent expert.The audit briefneeds to identify the full range of issues tobe included, for example if there are featuresof special historic significance or areasthat present particular access difficulties.A clearer brief will result in a more usefulaudit. It is important to select an accessauditor with experience of assessinghistoric sites.The National Register ofAccess Consultants lists auditors with awide range of specialist skills. Access andtraining organisations offer courses todevelop audit skills and qualifications.

Conservation management plan

Planning for managing, restoring ordeveloping historic landscapes is wellestablished.The key to planning changeis an authoritative knowledge of thelandscape’s development and itssignificance in all senses – historical,archaeological, cultural, ecological,character and its role as an amenity.

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Conservation management plans areused to appraise what matters and why,and to determine how to manage, maintain,present and use the historic landscapein an ever-changing environment. Accessstrategies will be an important componentof conservation management plans forsites open to visitors. Plans identifyopportunities and constraints and establishpolicies and programmes of work forconservation and, where relevant, foropening up the site for public enjoyment.

The term ‘conservation management plan’reflects the two-stage process of developinga plan.

The conservation assessment includes:

� A description of the historic landscapeand all its features

� An analysis of how the historiclandscape has changed over timeand how it is currently used

� An assessment of its significance� A review of issues and opportunities

including access� Policies for conservation management

including access

The management part includes:

� Management and maintenanceprescriptions including accessimprovements

� Budgets and work programming,including access works

� Monitoring and review processes

The conservation assessment involvesresearching a site’s history, its historicdesign, how it has changed over time andits current management and uses. It alsoaddresses how and why visitors value thesite and any gaps in knowledge about it.It may be necessary to commissionadditional specialist reports from expertssuch as landscape historians, archaeologists,or ecologists. Much of the research collatedfor conservation management will also beuseful for the access plan.The site’s historyand archaeology can provide informationfor access projects such as identifyingnew routes and designing interpretationmaterials.

Plans need to take account of the relationship between a landscape and itsassociated buildings.There are often barriers to access associated with narrowopenings.This new visitor centre at Trebah Gardens, Cornwall, has created awide, level entrance to invite people into the garden.

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Service providers are more likely to beable to comply with their duty to makeadjustments in relation to physicalfeatures if they arrange for an accessaudit of their premises to be conductedand draw up an access plan or strategy.Acting on the results of such anevaluation may reduce the likelihood oflegal claims against the service provider.

DRC 2002. Code of Practice:Rights to Access, Goods, Facilities,

Services and Premises

Historic landscapes are vulnerable.Theconservation plan should highlight anypotential threats arising from the currentuse or management of the landscape, forexample pressure from high visitor numbersor deterioration of historic features likesteps and terraces from lack of repair.

Access plan

Access plans are recommended as toolsto programme access improvements.An access plan is based on the accessstrategy and brings together the findingsfrom the access audit and the conservationmanagement plan. It identifies work requiredand informs the site’s overall plans for theshort, medium and long term.The accessplan needs to identify timescales and whois responsible for delivering each agreedaction point. Access plans can also helpshow how DDA duties are being addressed.

For historic gardens and landscapes theaccess plan should include:

� A summary of the different options andtheir implications for access improvement,conservation of historic significance,and quality of visitor experience

� Plans for providing alternative servicesduring building works

� Cost projections and plans to securethe necessary funding

� Priorities for implementation andplans to phase the work

� An access audit and a list of suggestedimprovements

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The access planning process

Access strategy• Agree strategic commitment• Evaluate accessibility of

employment/services offered• Consider timescale and budget• Identify person to progress

the process

Access audit• Identify all access needs• Prioritise recommendations• Relate to the conservation assessment

and conservation management plan

Conservation assessment• A description of the historic landscape and all its

features (historic, archaeological, landscape design,architectural, cultural, biodiversity, access and amenity)

• An analysis of how the historic landscape haschanged over time and how it is currently used

• An assessment of its significance• A review of issues and opportunities including

access audit• Policies for conservation management including access

Feasibility and options studies• Technical studies, including

means of escape• Impact analysis• Mitigation measures if required• Test of ‘reasonableness’ of

proposed adjustment• Consultation with relevant

access and conservation bodiesand with disability user groups

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Draft access plan• Reconciles access and

conservation needs• Establishes short- and long-term

aims in relation to opportunities• Sets timescales for changes

Measures have no apparentimpact upon significance, orphysical alterations not required

Confirm that statutory consentis not required

Measures have impact and/or physicalalterations are recommended – statutoryconsents or other approvals required

• Detailed design• Development and impact assessments• Further technical studies• Further consultation• Prepare access statement for

building regulations

Obtain listed building, scheduled monument,planning consent or other approvals

The access plan• Must be site or building specific• Incorporates a comprehensive range

of access solutions, from managedchange to physical alteration

• Is adopted by all concerned• May be implemented in stages according

to prioritised access needs and long-term building development strategy

• Should be reviewed and endorsedat regular intervals in relation to theaccess strategy and conservationmanagement plan

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Access statements

An access statement should record progressand the decisions made in relation to theaccess plan. It should explain how and whythese decisions have been made, and howthey have been influenced by the contextof the site and advice from other parties.It is valuable for guiding future decisions,and communicating approaches bothinternally and externally.

The development of an access statementis recommended in Approved DocumentPart M (see page 11). Even when there areno requirements relating to planning orbuilding regulations, this is a useful documentto produce.An access statement should beprepared at the start of any project andupdated throughout all stages of the work.

The Disability Rights Commission websiteincludes a guide on access statements forplanning, designing and managing buildingsand spaces.Templates for producing accessstatements can be downloaded from theSensory Trust website.

Funding

At the time of writing there is no fundingsource specifically to support accessimprovements for historic landscapes.Where access work is eligible as part of abigger grant scheme, the funding organisationis likely to require an access strategy, auditand plan, together with a conservationmanagement plan for a historic landscape.All funders are likely to require an inclusiveapproach to planned improvements.

Supporting the processSome local authorities offer access grants.Eligible work may include provision oframps, accessible toilet facilities andupgrading of signage.The local authorityaccess officer or volunteer bureau will beable to advise on funding sources. Someprivate grant-making trusts will also helpwith the costs of access improvements.TheDirectory of Social Change produces usefulreference guides on sources of grants.

Organisations like the National Trust havefulltime access advisors to support staff,volunteers and properties.The HistoricHouses Association offers its members theservices of an advisor to undertake auditsand advise on access provision for disabledvisitors and employees.The access advisorcan also define access limitations andpropose ways of overcoming them.

There are no specific funds available fromEnglish Heritage, Historic Scotland or theHeritage Lottery Fund (HLF) for accessimprovements. HLF currently funds physicalaccess improvements to historic landscapesor sites if the improvements are part of awider project and meet other HLF criteria.Since 1994 HLF has granted £3.3 billion to16,000 awards for projects which haveincreased access to heritage for disabledpeople.The environmental stewardshipscheme run by the Department forEnvironment, Food and Rural Affairs(Defra) offers grants towards capital costsof access features such as the upgradingof path surfaces. Historic environmentprotection is also one of the scheme’sobjectives and there are options within

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this for historic landscapes.The NorthernIreland Environment and Heritage Servicedo make grant-aid available for accessroutes of significant length within ruralhistoric landscapes, where entry is free.The Aggregates Levy Sustainability Fundincludes a land- and community-basedgrant scheme.This scheme supportsprojects that reduce the effects of land-based aggregate extraction on access,biodiversity, communities, geodiversity,informal recreation and landscapes, andthe scheme can sometimes help withaccess improvements.

Barriers to accessBarriers prevent or dissuade disabledpeople from visiting, enjoying or learningabout a site.They are diverse and someare more obvious than others.The mostfamiliar are physical constraints such assteps, slopes, uneven or loose surfacesand narrow paths. Other barriers, suchas a lack of seating where people canrest, or inaccessible information, are oftenoverlooked. Some barriers work together,for example loose gravel will be moredifficult on a slope.

A barrier may be an important historicfeature, or an essential part of a landscape’scharacter. Alternatively, it may be amore recent feature of no historicsignificance.This must be clarified sothat the appropriate solutions can befound.There is usually greater freedomto remove or alter barriers if they donot have high historic significance. In othercases, it may be necessary to considerhow to provide an equivalent experienceby alternative means.

This sign at TinternAbbey alerts visitorsto the presence of atrip hazard.This clearpictorial sign can beseen by many peoplewith visual impairmentsand understood bymany with learningdisabilities.

Identifying barriers

Identifying the barriers in a historiclandscape is an essential early stepin planning improvements.

Disabled people are the best informed onwhat is a barrier to them and barriers willaffect people in different ways. Sometimesa barrier to one person may be a positivefeature to another. For example, steps maybe a barrier to wheelchair users, but canbe easier than ramps for some oldervisitors and other semi-ambulant peopleto negotiate.The aim is to achievecompromise and the best way is to involvea representative mix of disabled people inidentifying barriers and possible solutions.Contacts can be found through the localauthority access officer, or through a localdisability group or organisation.

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Work at TrafalgarSquare, London, hasresulted in improvedaccess. Steps now havedouble-sided handrailsfor left or right-handedpeople, tactile warningsand contrasting stepnosings.

When reviewing barriers, people shouldbe encouraged to identify potentialsolutions as well as simply listing problems,as this will help to balance the idealwith the achievable. It is important totell people about existing constraints,such as limited budgets, and to highlightthe special qualities of a site.

Access barriers beyond a site mustbe included in any full assessment.For instance, the decision to visit relieson adequate information about access.Similarly, a lack of accessible transportwill be a barrier to some people.

Renovation work can create temporarybarriers to access. Plans for renovationsor other building work must includesolutions to any access barrierscaused by work in progress.

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If plants werepositioned nearer therailings, this wouldprovide added sensoryexperiences.

Overgrown plants andwidened joints mayadd character butcan result in hazardsor inconveniencefor visitors.

Seasonal changes or weather conditionscan lead to temporary barriers such asmuddy or icy paths. It is important thatvisitors are informed of any temporarybarriers that cannot be removed.

Identifying barriers must be an ongoingprocess. Landscapes change with time,signs deteriorate, paths become worn andgates, hinges and latches become difficultto open. Adding obstacles such as moretables, extra display stands, or makinguse of spaces for storage, can causedifficulties for wheelchair users orvisitors with impaired vision.

The way that visitors use a place maychange too. For example, increasingnumbers of older and disabled people useself-drive vehicles, also known as buggiesor scooters, to visit historic sites.Thesevehicles have transformed mobility formany people and have made it possiblefor them to experience more challengingparts of the landscape, such as meadows,gravel paths and long-distance routes.Theuse of these vehicles has not been fullyrecognised in much of the existing designguidance, which focuses on wheelchairuse. Paths, turning circles, gate widths andtoilets designed for wheelchair users maynot be adequate for self-drive vehicles.

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Examples of barriers

Organisational

Lack of staff or volunteers to support sitesNegative or uninformed staff attitudesLack of support for access improvements from owners or managers

Physical

Lack of accessible transport to or around a siteLack of accessible signage, information, education and interpretation materialsNarrow paths and entrances, loose or uneven path surfaces, steep slopes and long distancesSteps, plinths, kerbs or raised edges and stilesLack of seating and shelterDeterioration of routes, signs, facilities and features through lack of repairLack of accessible toilets, baby feeding and baby and adult changing facilities

Intellectual

Complex informationInformation does not cater for different learning stylesText-only information

Sensory

Limited options to touch featuresPoor acousticsVisitors are not aware of sensory highlightsAbsence of visual and tactile warnings

Social and cultural

Publicity does not promote accessInaccessible websiteLack of information shared with local communityLack of opportunities for volunteering or friends groups

Financial

Entrance feesCharges for activities like guided tours and eventsCost of goods in café or shopCost of travelling to and from a siteExpenses for volunteers

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Examples of solutions

Organisational

Training to improve skills and attitudes of staff and volunteersUser-testing sessions involve people of different ages, genders and with a range of disabilitiesDevelop an access strategy and appoint an access champion

Physical

Links with transport companies to improve transportClear information about key facilities and features, for example accessible parking and toilets,

opening times, entrance fees and safety noticesSignage to help visitors find their way aroundEducation programmes have accessible venues and materialsRegular maintenance for path surfaces, signs, trimming back overhanging vegetation and so onUneven paving relaid or repointedWhere appropriate, paths are widened, passing places are provided or alternative routes are createdAccessible toilets, baby feeding and baby and adult changing facilities are providedProvision of drinking fountains and picnic locationsLinks with community transport organisations

Intellectual

Information follows ‘easy-to-read’ guidelines and is accompanied by picturesInformation is offered in different formatsGuided tours and education programmes are designed to accommodate different needs

Sensory

Hearing loops are installed at ticket desks, information points and meeting areasPortable hearing loops are available for guides and education workersTouch tours focus on tactile exploration for visually impaired visitorsWhere appropriate, visitors are able to touch sculptures and features of tactile interestAreas and features with high sensory interest are located on an accessible routeTactile indicators are provided at the approach to hazards, and step nosings are highlighted

Social and cultural

Publicity is distributed through local disability networks and groupsLinks are made with the local community, for example local schools, disability groups, retirement

communities and healthy walking initiativesAccessible pre-visit information informs people about what they can expectSurveys help identify who the missing visitors are and the reasons whyUser-consultation programmes target groups that are currently under-represented

Financial

Discounted entrance fees and free admission for companionsSome activities are provided freeAdequate compensation of expenses for volunteers and focus groups

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Visitor experienceMaking a place physically accessible doesnot automatically mean that people willwant to spend time in it. Considering thequality of experience for all visitors isequally important.

Working with disabled people will helpidentify the highlights of a site and whichshould be priorities for accessimprovement. It is important to includepeople whose disabilities are oftenoverlooked, for example those withhearing impairment, learning disabilitiesand mental illness. It is also important toconsider the quality of experience forcarers and companions.

Access to the broadest range ofexperiences on offer is important.Access improvements are often basedon a perception of disabled people asobservers rather than active participants.This can overlook the benefits of openingup opportunities for disabled people toengage in activities like volunteer oreducation programmes. It is usefulto review the following:

� Existing sensory qualities andopportunities to enhance them

� Identification of principal features� Opportunities to enhance visitors’

understanding and appreciationthrough interpretation

� Shelter and seating� Areas that provide quiet space,

as well as more social areas

The technique ofsensory mapping hasbeen developed by theSensory Trust to helppeople identify whatappeals to their senses.This group of visuallyimpaired visitors usedit to find areas ofsensory experiencethat could be mademore accessible.

Companion Cycling isa volunteer scheme inBushy Park, London.It opens up moreactive use of the parkto disabled people.

Identifying the mostpopular viewing orgathering points helpsplan accessible routes,and location of seating.

Everyone uses theirsenses to fully engagewith and enjoy agarden or landscape.Being aware of existingsensory opportunitiesis the first step increating richerexperiences forall visitors.

©D

rew Bennellick

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Visitor surveys

Discovering what a site offers visitors liesin establishing who uses the space, howthey use it and why. Links with the pastmay provide the main motivation for avisit to a historic landscape. Equally, manysites are valued for their beauty and therecreational facilities they provide.

Visitor surveys can help build a picture ofusers and patterns of use.These should beundertaken on a regular basis so that theimpact of any changes can be assessed.

It is equally important to consider thepeople that are not using a place and thereasons why. It is advisable to look at theseissues throughout the sequence of a typicalvisit: from the initial decision to visit,to getting there and away, and throughthe experience on site.

Decision to visit

Lack of information is one of the mostsignificant barriers to access. A site mayhave invested considerable money andeffort in access improvements, but thesewill have limited effect if potentialvisitors do not know about them.

Clear, accessible information allows peopleto make informed decisions on whether tovisit and what to do when they are there.Pre-visit information is the first link in thechain of events that make up a visit.Thereare two aspects to consider : the nature ofthe information, and how it is delivered.

Ticketing and reception staff are ideally placed torecord the number and range of visitors. Even aninformal approach can help assess the impact ofaccess improvements.

Information should be clear and concise.It should describe the location andaccessibility of facilities such as toiletsand cafés, as well as principal featuresof interest.

Information should be objective to takeinto account all levels of use. For instance,a path described as ‘unsuitable forwheelchairs’ may not be a problem fora wheelchair user with a high degree offitness. It is better to describe the pathobjectively to allow each user to decidefor themselves, for example: ‘Path:maximum gradient 1 in 12. Loose gravelsurface’. A diagram might also be usefulto help inform people who are notfamiliar with gradients.

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Chatsworth Houseprovides an informationleaflet and access mapon its websitewww.chatsworth-house.co.uk to outlinethe most accessibleroutes and paths, aswell as the location ofimportant facilities.

Surfaced and grasspaths are shownon the map.

A revised map willhave improved tonalcontrast and moreinformation ongradients and thelocation of seatingand shelter.

This map is alsoavailable at Chatsworth.

Information for visitors

The Chilterns ConservationBoard websitewww.chilternsaonb.orgincludes walks suitable forpeople with impairedmobility, wheelchairs, mobilityscooters and pushchairs.One of the walks is at theNational Trust’s AshridgeEstate and includes the Dukeof Bridgewater monument,erected in 1832, and viewsof Ivinghoe Beacon –scheduled hillfort monument.The map includes informationon the direction andmaximum gradients of slopes,path surfaces, accessibletoilets, accessible parkingand seating.

©C

hilterns Conservation Board

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The way information is delivered must alsobe accessible. It is important to includeaccess information in general publicitymaterials, such as leaflets, websites andguides. It is also useful to provide the mostimportant, critical and detailed informationon access and facilities for disabled peoplein appropriate alternative formats, suchas Braille, audio and large print.Thesealternative formats should be promotedin information provided for all visitors.

Designing general information with largerfont sizes, clearer graphics and clear textlayout that is easy to read can minimisethe demand for large print versions. It willalso make this information more accessibleto everyone, including visitors for whomEnglish is a second language. Some sitesmay find it appropriate to produce theirmain information in other languages too.

The internet is a good place to provideinformation since many disabled people useit to plan visits.Text can be downloadedand processed in the way that people findmost convenient, for example using screen-reading software, or printing it out in largeprint. It is a good idea to provide pre-visitmaterial as plain text files online.Websitesshould conform to accessibility standardsset by the Web Accessibility Initiative (seepage 64) and tested by disabled people.

Bolton Abbey

Bolton Abbey is a 12,500-hectare moorland estate inthe Yorkshire Dales with a12th-century Augustinianpriory church. Previousvisitors have included Turner,Landseer and Wordsworth.

Bolton Abbey has a holistic approach to providing access fordisabled visitors.This includes providing good quality physicalaccess, information services and interpretation. Consultationwith disabled people is integral to providing a welcoming andinclusive environment.The needs of people with sensoryimpairments have been considered in consultation withHenshaw’s College for visually impaired, and otherwisedisabled students and other groups in Yorkshire.

To enable disabled people to make an informed choice aboutwhether paths and trails meet their individual needs, footpathsare graded, ranging from those that are barrier free to pathsthat meet Countryside for All standards.The Bolton Abbey leafletprovides useful access information including distances anddescriptions of the terrain and barriers such as steps and stiles.The 850m Cumberland Trail, for example, is designed to appealto all visitors and offers interpretation of the woodlandenvironment. Access information, including the outdoorscooter and wheelchair loan scheme for disabled visitors,is available on the estate’s website.

Bolton Abbey is very conscious of the benefits of working withthe disabled community, and continues to develop, monitor andreview its services.

© Bolton Abbey Estate

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Public transport provision is an importantfactor to consider when planning accessimprovements.There may be opportunitiesto liaise with transport providers on issueslike timetables, routes and even the typeof transport provided.The DDA hasimplications for providers of publictransport, some of whom have alreadyintroduced ‘easy-access’ buses and taxis.

Adequate car parking is a major challengefor many historic landscapes, especially forsmall gardens and sites with large visitornumbers.The most accessible optionis to locate car parking near the mainpedestrian entrance, but this may not beacceptable if it impacts on the historicsetting and fabric. If car parks are locatedsome distance from the main entrancethere are other measures that can helppeople with limited mobility or stamina –for example, providing on-site transportor allowing cars to pick up and drop offpassengers close to the entrance.

Car parking spaces designated for disabledpeople should be clearly marked andsignposted. It is useful to provide at leastone designated space near the mainpedestrian entrance, or near other keylocations that are a long way from the carpark. It is important to consider the designof associated features, for example hardsurfaces, kerbs, and pedestrian routes toand from the car park. Part M providesguidance on the design of these features.

Distribution of pre-visit information isanother issue to consider. Leaflets in hotelswill be found by disabled people only ifthose hotels are themselves accessible. It isimportant to think of alternative distributionpoints such as surgeries and communityhalls, as well as distribution via access anddisability groups and organisations.

Pre-visit information should let disabledpeople know they are welcome and willbe able to enjoy their visit. Quite subtledetails can make a difference. For example,including disabled and older people inpromotional pictures can help showthat they would be welcome.

Getting there and home

A person’s decision to visit will be influencedby how easy it is to get there and backagain. Some people rely on public transport,for example people with visual impairments.Others who depend on cars may includepeople with limited mobility, wheelchairusers and older people.The mostaccessible sites are usually thosethat offer different travel options.

The use of self-drivebuggies poses newaccess issues for historiclandscapes, for examplepath wear and visitorsafety. More visitors areusing these vehicles totravel to or around asite and any accessplans must considertheir potential valueand impact.

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The Causeway coaster accessible busservice in Northern Ireland is theresult of a site owner working with alocal transport company to provideeasy access.

Parking reserved for disabled visitors at a Kirkstone Pass viewpoint.The Lake District has been nominated for World Heritage Site status.

Parking reserved for disabled peoplenext to the entrance at AbbotsburyGardens in Dorset. Ideally, parkingbays should be laid out followingguidance in Part M.

Getting there and home –examples of good practice

� Create links with providers of localcommunity transport or publictransport

� Publicise the availability of easy-accesstransport

� Produce bus timetables and taxiphone numbers in accessible formats

� Provide drop-off and pick-up pointsnear the main pedestrian entrance,with seating and shelter

� Provide clear, accessible signs toindicate the location of easy-accessparking, pick-up and drop-off points,bus stops and cycle racks

� Allocate four to six per cent of carparking spaces for disabled people

� Designate parking spaces for disabledpeople following Part Mrecommendations

� Clearly sign the pedestrian route fromthe car park to the main entrance, andto pick-up points for public transport

� Provide seating along the route toand from the car park

� Make available wheelchairs or self-drive vehicles for loan and locate themwithin easy reach of arrival points

� Provide staff or volunteer supportand ensure that they are trained indisability awareness

� Reserve ‘front row’ locations fordisabled people at viewpoints

� Provide information for pre-visitplanning on the internet

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Arrival

It is important to consider the experienceof arriving at a site, what sort of firstimpression visitors get and the range offacilities in place to support them.This isthe place where people will make decisionsabout what they are going to do on site, soit is both the first and the best opportunityto provide information and inspire peopleto explore it. Competent friendly staff areprobably the greatest asset here.

A primary aim of an access plan is toensure that the main pedestrian entranceis accessible to everyone. A disabledperson’s first experience of a beautifullandscape should not be through aside gate and past the dustbins.

In some historic landscapes the mainentrance is an integral part of the historicfabric.Typical barriers to access includesteps, raised thresholds and narrow

Arrival –examples of good practice

� Identify the historic significance ofpoints of entry and options formodification to improve access

� Define the main entrance as the onethat all visitors will be able to use

� Provide access information aboutroutes, for example gradients, stepsand resting places

� Ensure that entrances are welcomingand clearly signed

� If more major adaptations arepossible, provide both rampand steps

� Explore options for providing visualor textural cues for visually impairedvisitors

� Make available aids and facilities, forexample wheelchairs for loan,portable seats, maps, guides, batterycharging facilities, puncture repair kitsand audio materials

� Provide staff or volunteer supportand make sure that staff are trainedin disability awareness

Good arrival pointsoffer choice, like thisone at Sheffield BotanicGardens.This designprovides equal access:disabled people are notforced to use aseparate entrance.

openings, and options for modification willdepend on the nature of the particularsite. Options for physical modification maybe limited and alternative measures mayhave to be considered, for exampleproviding temporary ramps for visitorswho cannot negotiate steps, and havingtrained staff on hand to help.

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A feature of MountEdgcumbe Park inPlymouth is a classicalstaircase in the ItalianGarden. Alternative,gently sloping routesenable visitors to avoidthe staircase and enjoyall areas of the gardens.

Getting around

The aim is for visitors of all ages andabilities to be able to use and enjoy alandscape and its facilities. If it is notpossible to provide access for everyoneto all parts of a historic landscape, it isimportant to identify how best to providealternative routes or experiences.The following approaches can help:

� Offer vehicular access to moreremote parts of a site

� Provide wheelchairs or self-drivebuggies for loan

� Provide a selection of routes so thatvisitors can choose according to theirabilities and preferences

� Provide interesting circular routesof different lengths

� Identify vantage points that enablevisitors to view areas that are notaccessible

� Train staff or volunteers to advisedisabled visitors about access tomore challenging areas

Decisions about access improvementswill be influenced strongly by the historicsignificance of the landscape. For example,a cobbled surface may be identified inan access audit as a significant barrier,but a conservation management planmay identify it as historically significant.The option may be limited to seekingan alternative, more accessible route.In contrast, the same surface in a situationwhere it has no historic significancecould be changed or altered.

Many historic features present barriersto access.These include paths surfacedwith loose gravel, cobbles or crazy-paving;terraces divided by series of steps; routesacross grass; routes that are difficult tofollow without a map; steps with poorvisual contrast between treads andrisers; and narrow paths and gateways.

It is not appropriate to give standardsolutions to these aspects as accessimprovements must be assessed in thecontext of a particular site. However,the following sections identify approachesthat can help improve access in view ofthese specific features and other moregeneral landscape barriers.

If the landscape is registered or featuresare listed, advice must be sought froma conservation expert before makingalterations, and planning permissionor consents may be required.

British Waterways’award-winning floatingtowpath along thehistoric LimehouseCut canal creates anattractive route awayfrom traffic, and linksthe Cut with otherpaths. It providesa stable surfacefor users.© British Waterways

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Routes – examples of good practice

� Research historic significance of routes� Involve disabled people in regular

access reviews� Undertake regular maintenance,

for example repair eroded pathsurfaces, cut back overhangingvegetation and remove obstacles

� Identify options for accessimprovement with regard to pathsurfaces, grades, widths and edgings

� Identify a hierarchy of routes inrespect of their accessibility

� Ensure that principal facilities, forexample toilets, cafés and shops, arelocated on an accessible route

� Provide a choice of routes in terms ofdistance, challenge and experience

� Prioritise development of accessibleroutes to key features and highlights

� Create alternative routes to providea choice of shorter loops or tobypass difficult sections

� Widen narrow paths by adding flushedges in appropriate materials, bycutting back overhanging vegetationor by adding passing places

� Incorporate dropped kerbs� Provide information, maps or signs to

help visitors find their way around

Paths and routes

While many historic landscapes suffergradual decline, it is the network of pathsand drives that often remains intact andprovides evidence of how the designerintended the landscape to be experienced.Paths were often laid out to lead a visitorpast a series of framed views or designedspaces in a particular way. Altering pathsor drives may therefore change the waya garden or landscape works.

For example, some Victorian public parkswere designed with a strict hierarchy ofpaths.Wide, hard-surfaced carriage driveswere built around the perimeter, narrowerserpentine footpaths crossed the centreand sinuous gravel paths provided accessto features such as shrubberies and lakes.The drives, or avenues, were designed forgrandeur and to impress the visitor.Theother paths were designed to have lessimpact on the view while providing accessto features set within the landscape.

Problems often occurwhere there is achange of surface, as inthis example at ElthamPalace, London.Thegrass will be repairedas part of the gardenmaintenanceprogramme. At othersites it may be possibleto change the visitorroute or upgrade thepath surface.

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Archaeology can reveal evidence aboutpaths. A trench can determine theoriginal width, edge details, drain routes,construction depths and path surfaces.Historic plans can reveal the scale andchanges to the path network. Landscapesevolve and paths may have been widened,added or removed, narrowed or becomeovergrown. Reinstating a lost path mayprovide a new, accessible route while asteep path may be a more recent additionthat can be removed.

Path design

Historically, the expense of transport andavailability of local materials often meantthat paths were formed of local gravels,beaten soil, sand or stone dug from quarriesnearby or on-site.This local supply helpsto link a historic landscape to its settingand provides regional variations such asthe cream-coloured crushed gravels ofthe Cotswolds or the rounded rivergravels of the River Thames.

Many paths were designed for occasionaluse, so modern traffic or heavy footfallscan make traditional materials unsuitablewithout intensive maintenance. It is stillimportant to retain the character of theoriginal surface in colour and texture.The selection of surface must also respectthe location of the site. Care needs tobe taken not to damage the archaeologywhen changing paths on historic sites.A rural site may require a more rusticlow-key solution than an intensivelyused urban park.

Paving, shown here atPlas Brondanw, NorthWales, can becomeuneven over time andmay be slippery whenwet. As with otherhistoric surfaces, goodmaintenance is essentialto ensure access.

Historic edgings can provide a contrastingcolour to an edge or serve as an upstandto act as a tapping rail for some visuallyimpaired visitors.The contrast between thecolour of surfacing and the adjoining groundis important. A dark path in grass may beeasy to follow, while a bark path througha shrub bed may require edgings to act as acolour contrast and guide. Upstanding edgesshould be provided at hazards or drops butdrainage will be needed to prevent puddles.Edgings may create a barrier for wheelchairusers and there may be a need for rampsor gaps in raised edges.

Paths were generally designed with acamber or crossfall to facilitate drainage.A steep camber will make access difficultfor wheelchair users. Gully gratings andmanhole covers should be well maintainedto prevent them becoming hazards.

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This gently sloping path,which allows wheelchairaccess to much of therockery in the RoyalBotanic Gardens inEdinburgh, has beensurfaced with self-binding gravel. Carefulselection of the materialand good constructionpreserve the informalcharacter and createan accessible all-weatherpath.

This earth ramp at theend of a pavement atBlists Hill, Ironbridge, is anexample of a low capitalcost access improvementthat has little permanentimpact on the historicfabric. However, it requiresfrequent checking andrepair to remain accessible.

Path surfaces

Common problems with stone paving arethe movement of slabs creating wide joints,heaving or subsidence, the loss of pointing,build-up of algal growth, and wear. Regularmaintenance, such as the use of silver sandto reduce algal growth, is essential. Cobblespresent particular problems, but it is oftenpossible to provide an alternative routeavoiding such hazards or to provide asmooth stone path through, or around,the edge of a space. If well laid, setts shouldnot prove an access barrier.Textural pavinglike cobbles and setts can also be used asalerts for hazards ahead.

The use of naturally occurring self-bindinggravels such as hoggin, Coxwell stone orBreedon gravel is common in historicgardens.When well maintained thesesurfaces are suitable for all visitors butwhen worn or badly drained they presenthazards.The key factors are the size andshape of the gravel, the quality ofconstruction and the proportionof loose particles on the surface.

Binders can be used to secure gravel onpaths. Bitumen tar spray and chip has beenused successfully within the London RoyalParks for many years but requiresrecoating over time. Modern resins arenow more common but are costly.Resin can be used to bond gravels totarmacadam surfaces so as to create agravel texture with little loose materialand a good non-slip surface. Gravelscompletely bound in resin tend to looktoo modern and lack character or texture.

At Edinburgh Castledifferent types ofsurfacing have beenintegrated to makeaccess easier.

© Historic Scotland

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Surfaces – examples of good practice

� Research historic significance of routesand their materials

� Undertake regular maintenance torepair damage to path surfaces

� If there are options for modification,replace loose surfaces with analternative firm, non-slip surface

� Re-lay uneven setts or slabs to createa level surface

� Point slabs or setts to create a levelsurface

� Incorporate a firm, level route withinan area of cobbles or uneven surface

Steps

A wide variety of steps is found in historiclandscapes. Steps are used not only forvertical movement but also to divide andcreate spaces, add grandeur and spectacle,and provide interest along routes. Stepsare an obvious barrier to access but it isalways important to understand theirdesign, origin and reason for being in aparticular place before proposing changesor considering their removal.Where stepsform an architectural feature or significantdesign element within the landscape therewill be less option for change. Features likesteps could be listed and consent may berequired before making alterations.

Some steps create greater barriers thanothers. Shallow steps with landingsbetween flights may be easier to negotiatethan a steep narrow flight. Some peoplefind steps easier than steep gradients orstepped ramps. Seats at landings can beuseful if space allows.

Steps can present a considerable hazardfor visitors with visual impairmentsespecially if there is minimal visual contrastbetween the treads and risers. Part M givesguidance on the use of tactile paving onthe approach to steps and ramps, althoughthis may not always be appropriate in ahistoric landscape. Similarly, it is unlikely tobe appropriate to add contrasting nosingsor tactile paving on steps that formsculptural compositions or terminate grandvistas. It may be necessary to considermore creative solutions, such as contrasts

The use of gas-tar was developed in the1880s, and during the second half of the19th century new asphalt and tarmacadampaths were increasingly common in urbanparks.Tarmac provides a firm, level surfaceand may be appropriate in historic urbanparks.

Grass can provide a firm, reasonably levelpath but relies on good drainage andregular maintenance.The join betweengrass paths and paving often erodesdue to wear, creating trips or hazards.Reinforcing the grass or alternatingthe routes can reduce the problem.

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Steps – examples of good practice

� Appraise options for overcomingsteps and whether there is a needto protect architectural orarchaeological features

� Provide both ramp and stepsand ensure their symmetry andproportion is in relation to thehistoric feature

� If appropriate with the setting,highlight approaches and nosingswith a visual or tactile contrast

� Provide seating and resting pointsbetween flights of steps

� Provide handrails on both sides ofsteps or ramps, if possible

� Provide seating or resting points nearsteps or on landings

� Avoid single steps as they areeasily overlooked

� Highlight the location and number ofsteps on tactile maps and audio guides

� Ensure steps are kept clear of loosegravel and algal growth

in surfacing that tie in with existing sitematerials or indicating the hazard ona tactile map or audio guide.

Handrails are important for safety on bothsteps and steep paths. Such features canlook out of place in a historic landscapewhere the intention may be to disguisethe existence of paths. However, visuallyimpaired visitors rely on good visualcontrast between furnishings and theirbackground.The answer may be to createthe handrail out of materials appropriateto the setting and to try to achieve thebest contrast possible without introducingnew materials or colours.The design ofhandrails should follow the criteria anddimensions set out in Part M.

These steps atBrodsworth Hallin Yorkshire are asignificant elementof the design. Accessimprovements thatimpact on theappearance would beinappropriate here.An alternative routeallows visitors accessto the lower part ofthe grounds.

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Steep paths and gradients

Any gradient will present a challenge topeople with limited mobility or stamina.A level route is defined in Part M asa gradient of less than 1:60, and anyslope with a gradient of 1:20, or steeper,is defined as a ramp. It is often assumedthat a ramp is the best solution to resolvinga gradient.This is not always the case.Many people with walking difficulties findit easier to negotiate steps with the aidof a handrail. Surface materials can besignificant, for example, ramps formedof loose gravel or smooth stone canbe hazardous. Offering a choice ofroutes is the best solution.

It is accepted that some historic landscapesare set within particularly challenging terrainwhich may be a feature of a particular site.Achieving a level route may be impossiblebut access improvements should still beconsidered. Advance information aboutroutes, handrails, powered buggies andseating are all ways of improving accessin such situations.

Gradient must always be consideredtogether with distance. In some places ashort ramp with a slightly steeper gradientmay be more accessible than a long rampof lesser gradient. Level areas and seatingare crucial on long, steep ramps to allowvisitors to rest and get their breath back.For example, on a 1:20 slope a restingstop would be needed every 16.6m.

This ramp and steps combination at the Geffrye Museum in Londonoffers a choice of access routes in a compact space.

1

Easy Access toHistoricBuildings

Publications such asEnglish Heritage’s guideto providing accessto historic buildingsinclude further adviceand examples on topicslike ramps, stairs andhandrails.

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Ramps should be designed as integralfeatures even where they are initiallyinstalled as temporary solutions.There isan increasing range of portable rampsavailable, and these can be helpful whereit is impossible to install permanent ramps.However, unless selected carefully, theyoften look alien in a garden setting.

Stepped ramps create a number of hazards.Visually impaired visitors may find it difficult

Ramps and gradients –examples of good practice

� Appraise options for overcoming achange in level, and whether there isa need to protect architectural orarchaeological features

� Provide both ramp and stepsand ensure their symmetry andproportion is in relation to thehistoric feature

� Provide handrails on both sides,where possible

� Provide seating and resting pointsalong a sustained slope

� Provide tactile indicators for visuallyimpaired visitors on the approach toa ramp

� Ensure ramp surfaces are slip-resistant� Highlight locations of ramps on tactile

maps or in audio guides

This use of resin-bonded gravel atWitley Court,Worcestershire,allows subtle rampsto be created thatdo not impact onthe appearance.

to locate the steps and visitors with limitedmobility may find the sloping treads difficultto negotiate. If stepped ramps areunavoidable, handrails with tactilemarkings at each step riser can helpvisitors to negotiate them.

Although guidance provided in Part Mrelates to ramps and slopes on theapproaches to buildings, the principles areequally relevant to the wider landscape.

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On-site transport

Some larger historic landscapes providetransport to help visitors experience thesite more easily. Accessible transport isparticularly valuable for people withmobility impairments and people whotire easily. Such transport may includeminibuses, land trains or electric buggies.The impact of vehicles on the aesthetics ofthe landscape may need to be considered.

The option of providing self-drive buggiesneeds careful consideration.These vehiclesprovide one of the most effective meansof improving the mobility and quality ofexperience of disabled visitors. However,it is crucial that the site can accommodatethem safely.These vehicles will have agreater impact on path surfaces and willrequire extra space to manoeuvre.

The following actions can help:

� Prepare a training and instructionmanual for staff

� Provide training sessions for visitorswhen they arrive at a site

� Seek the opinion of access advisorsand disabled people

� Undertake a risk assessment� Implement a regular vehicle

maintenance programme� Maintain a log for checking out

vehicles and recording feedback� Identify and provide information on

suitable routes, and on areas thatshould be avoided

� Select vehicles that are appropriatefor the terrain

On-site transport –examples of good practice

� Provide accessible on-site transportto help visitors get around

� Provide wheelchairs or self-drivebuggies

� Encourage visitors to bring theirown self-drive buggies

� Offer vehicular tours or vehicularaccess as an option for peoplewho cannot walk far

� Undertake visitor surveys to findout the value of the service andhow it can be improved

It is good practice toprovide an inductionsession for visitorsborrowing self-drivebuggies.

Liberty Drives in HydePark, London, allowspeople with limitedmobility to enjoy areasof the park that werepreviously inaccessibleto them.This vehicleis designed so thatpeople do not haveto transfer from theirwheelchairs. It alsoprovides seating forcompanions.

©D

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Garden features

Rockeries, grottoes, glasshouses, follies,temples and bridges are examples offeatures often found within historiclandscapes that may present particularaccess challenges.Where possible visitorsshould be able to visit all such featuresbut in reality achieving full access tofeatures, like a grotto set within a rockyoutcrop, may be extremely difficult.

The visitor route around a site should aimto take in such features and it may bepossible to create a viewpoint from whichthe feature can be seen, for example apath over the top of a rockery with vantagepoints. Glasshouses are often narrowwith slippery metal gratings but it maybe possible to provide a path througha glasshouse or a view in from one end.Alternative routes may be designed to avoidbridges with steep crossings or low parapetsyet still provide access to the water’s edge.

Alternative forms of interpretation mayoffer access solutions to difficult areas.Video displays on the spot or at acentral interpretation centre, audio guides,illustrated guidebooks, photographs orguided tours may be options.

When assessing the accessibility of a siteit is important not to leave out gardenfeatures. Often, simple improvementscan be made by ramping a small stepor providing a handrail which may thenmake an area previously inaccessibleopen to a wider group of visitors.

Routes to, and within, garden features such as glasshouses should also beconsidered.Visitors who cannot venture inside can at least get some senseof the structure inside from the entrance.

Garden features like this Chinese bridge at Wrest Park, Bedfordshire, may bedifficult for some visitors to cross and alternative routes may need to bedevised. Access to the water’s edge would offer another sensory experience.

© John Watkins

Information and interpretation

Inappropriate location or design ofinformation, for example placing a signpostor interpretation panel on the axis of a keyvista, or using inappropriate materials orcolours, can detract from the aestheticqualities of a historic landscape.The historicand aesthetic qualities of the landscape needto be considered in interpretation design.

On-site information and interpretation areoften confined to display panels andleaflets.These can be valuable but otherfacilities and approaches open up the siteto a wider audience. For example, tactilemaps allow many visually impaired visitorsand people with learning disabilities toenjoy a site independently.

Good information will provide whatpeople need in a format that they can use.Information should be designed inpartnership with disabled people to makesure it is accessible and appropriate.

On-site information

Accessible information allows people tomake informed choices. Leaflets shouldcontain a map with indications of distances,gradients, position of seats and anyobstacles or hazards. Symbols, names offeatures and other information should bemirrored in the site’s signage. A clearlydesigned leaflet with good informationcould reduce the need for signage.

Large print guide andaccess map providedat Chatsworth House,Derbyshire.

It may be best to produce leaflets forgeneral use in an easily readable print size.The Royal National Institute of the Blind(RNIB) recommends a ‘clear print’ standardof 12 point, and enlarging the text to14 point or larger in versions that canbe printed off as needed for peoplewith impaired vision.

Incorporation of information as graphicscan be valuable for people who do notspeak English, or have learning difficulties.Widgit is a system using pictorial symbolsin place of words, developed for peoplewith learning disabilities. It can beincorporated into general information andinterpretation.

Braille guides

It may be helpful to provide a Braille guideas long as it is well advertised to visuallyimpaired people. Braille text can be easily

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50


damaged. Depending on what kind ofvisitor facility the site has, it may be best tolocate a source of Braille reproduction andhave copies made at short notice ratherthan attempt long-term storage.The Brailleguide, and indeed any visitor guides, shouldemphasise any features that can beenjoyed through all the senses, includingtouch, hearing and smell.

Easy reading

Easy-to-read leaflets can help many people,such as those who may have limited literacyskills, those with a mental impairment andthose with dyslexia. It may also be helpfulfor children learning to read but who wanttheir own guide. Such information isclearly worded, with minimal text in agood point size, and supported byuncluttered illustrations.

Hands-on interpretation

Most visually impaired visitors rely ontouching objects to gain direct experienceand information. Gardens and landscapescan be a rich resource for tactileexploration. Mature trees, sculpture andornamentation are common features ofhistoric landscapes. Most are robust but afew may be fragile or may not be safe forvisitors to handle. New installations shouldbe designed for people to touch.Theyshould be robust and should be positionednear to, or within easy access of, paths.

Signs must be maintained in order to remain accessible.This sign tellingwheelchair users that they can ring for assistance is virtually unreadablethrough lack of maintenance.

This tactile map ofGlasgow’s CathedralPrecinct allows visitorswith visual impairmentsto orientate themselvesand to understand thescale and arrangementof the landscape andassociated buildings.

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Guides and describers

Guided walks can help enhance the visitorexperience, but this is dependent on theavailability of trained staff or volunteers.Skilled describers can accompany visuallyimpaired visitors as part of a sighted guideprogramme.

Signed tours should be used where andwhen possible using a qualified signinterpreter to join the usual tour guide.Teaming up in this way enables thosewith impaired hearing to enjoy a touralong with family and friends andreduces the need for special tours.

Audio

The technology for recording and deliveringaudio information is improving rapidly.Currently, the most common technologiesare audio ‘wands’, cassettes, CDs andcomputer-based displays. Players of audioguides for visually impaired peopleshould be easy to use, with tactileindicators on buttons.

Audio content for visually impaired visitorsshould be developed to include informationappropriate to their needs, such as moredescription of scale and colour.

New technology

New technology has the potential to offervisitors imaginative visual interpretation.Videos and computers can simulate visitsto features such as a steep rockery, orprovide a virtual view into a decoy to

Fingerpost navigationhelps visually impairedvisitors find their wayaround independently.

observe flocks of ducks, or inaccessiblebuildings like a grotto or icehouse.Computer-based interpretation canalso allow the visitor to ‘handle’ fragiledocuments, for example by turning thepages of an 18th-century HumphryRepton ‘red book’ to see the landscapebefore and after his design improvements.

Tactile models

Models of the site are of interest to mostvisitors.They can be an excellent way ofenabling visually impaired visitors andpeople with learning disabilities to appreciatethe scale and overall layout, and to putimportant features into context. Carefullocation of these models is crucial.

Visitors to theAbbey and its herbgarden in Jedburghcan take a virtualtour from withinthe visitor centre.

©H

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Portable perchingstools are available forvisitors to borrow onarrival at Eltham Palace,London.This is a goodway to give visitors achoice of where theysit and rest.

Visitors will rest whenthey need to and findshelter where they can.Observation of visitorscan help when planningseating and shelter.

Comfort

The level of comfort a site offers thevisitor is largely determined by provision offurnishings such as seating and shelter andfacilities such as toilets and refreshments.

Seating and shelter

Seating is especially important for peoplewho tire more easily because of age,health or disability.When there is limitedscope to reduce distances or gradients,seats can give visitors opportunities to restand enjoy the landscape at their own pace.

Sometimes style and location of seatingand shelter are dictated by historicsignificance, but most sites can achievesufficient flexibility to provide comfortfor disabled and older people.

Seats should be positioned on a levelsurface, rather than on raised platforms.Grass is a difficult surface for people withmobility impairments.Where possible seatingshould be positioned on a hard surface.

Tables and chairs must be stable as theyare likely to be used as supports by peoplewith limited mobility. Location is importantand should take into account views andsense of place from the seating height.

Providing shelter from sunshine, wind andrain is important if people are to enjoytheir visit. Historic landscapes ofteninclude rest points and these could beincorporated into an improved network

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of shelter and seating. Historic landscapefeatures such as follies, grottoes, arboursand groves of trees may provideopportunities for shelter or seating,depending on how accessible they are.

At least a proportion of the seats shouldhave backs and arm rests and be higherthan standard seats to make them easierfor older people to use. Space forwheelchair users should be providedbeside seating and at picnic tables.

Seating and shelter –examples of good practice

� Ensure that some seats have armand back rests, and are higher thanstandard seats to improve accessfor older people

� Locate furniture to avoid potentialhazards to visually impaired people

� Include furniture that can be movedaccording to sun and wind direction,and to make room for wheelchairsand pushchairs

� Make portable seats available for loan� Make sure that furniture materials do

not create glare in sunlight or becomeuncomfortably hot or cold

� Provide seating at points of interestand where people will most needto rest, for example next to slopesand flights of steps

A sensory experiencemay be just as muchabout peace and quiet,as here at MountStewart, Co Down.A successful accessplan opens up the fullrange of experiencesto as many peopleas possible.

Many features weredesigned as shelterand resting points aswell as eye-catchers inhistoric landscapes.The Gothic Temple isone of a series ofhistoric vantage pointsfor visitors touringPainshill Park, Surrey.

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Poole’s Cavern

As part of its 150thanniversary Poole’sCavern (Derbyshire),owned by theregistered charityBuxton and DistrictCivic Association Ltd,undertook a project to provide accessfor all. Support from the Aggregate LevySustainable Fund was instrumental inenabling the completion of the scheme.

Reputedly the hideout of the outlawand faker William Poole during the 15thcentury, Poole’s Cavern has been a touristattraction since 1853, and Neolithic andRoman finds have been discovered in thecaves. It is also a Site of Special ScientificInterest (SSSI).

The challenge of providing access fordisabled people to Poole’s Cavern wasa daunting one. It was agreed to providefull wheelchair access from the ‘bluebadge’ parking bays through the visitorcentre and into the first chambers ofthe Cavern. A route was constructedthat meets the Countryside for Allstandard and uses materials inkeeping with the cave environment.

Visitors who cannot, or prefer not tofollow the full tour, which requiresclimbing a number of steps, can seedeep into the Cavern by using one ofseveral easy-to-use cameras provided inthe visitor centre. Designed with joysticksto make them easy to use by people withlimited dexterity, the camera controls arepositioned to be useable by people whoare standing or sitting.

The needs of people with sensoryimpairments are also consideredat Poole’s Cavern. An audio-visualpresentation is available and an audioinduction system is provided throughoutthe cave to enable people with hearingimpairments to have improved accessto the cave guide’s presentation.

The commitment of the Buxton andDistrict Civic Association Ltd to meetingthe needs of all of its customers resultedin Poole’s Cavern being awarded theHeart of England Tourism for All GoldAward in 2003.

©Po

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Easy access to historic landscapesSupporting information

Disability Discrimination Acts 1995 and 2005The DDA has five key parts:

� Part I outlines how the Act defines disability and therefore who is protected by it

� Part II places a duty on employers to make reasonable adjustments to avoid substantial disadvantage to a disabled employee

� Part III gives disabled people rights not to be discriminated against in relationto the provision of goods and services, and places a duty on service providersto make reasonable adjustments

� Part IV places a duty on educational institutions to make reasonable adjustmentsfor students with disabilities

� Part V relates to public transport.There are complex regulations governing thelayout and facilities of modern public transport vehicles to ensure accessibility

Part III of the DDA

Part III is the most relevant part of the Act for the owners and managers of historicdesigned landscapes when planning access. Duties under Part III have been introducedin three key stages:

� Since December 1996 it has been unlawful to treat disabled people lessfavourably than other people for a reason related to their disability

� Since October 1999, there has been a duty to make reasonable adjustments for disabledpeople, such as providing extra help or making changes to the way services are provided

� Since October 2004, Part III of the DDA has placed a duty on service providers tomake reasonable adjustments to physical features that make it unreasonably difficultor impossible for disabled people to use the services provided

The DDA 2005 amends the earlier Act. One of its main provisions is to broaden thedefinition of disability. A summary of the Act is available at www.disability.gov.uk.

Supporting information

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Easy access to historic landscapes Supporting information

The Disability Rights Commission (DRC) was set up in 2000 to promote equalityfor disabled people and to advise on the working of the DDA.Together with theGovernment, the DRC has produced a Code of Practice that explain legal rightsand requirements under the DDA.This code is not a legal statement but provideuseful guidance on the legislation.The DRC also publishes policy statements,briefings and reports on a range of issues such as access to goods, services,facilities and premises; education, employment, and transport.

The DRC Code of Practice (2002) advises that service providers are more likelyto be able to address their duties under the Act and prevent their employeesfrom discriminating against disabled customers if they consider the following steps:

� Establish a positive policy on the provision of services to ensure inclusionof disabled people and communicate it to all staff

� Inform all staff dealing with the public that it is unlawful to discriminateagainst disabled people

� Train staff to understand the service provider’s policy towards disabledpeople, their legal obligations and the duty of reasonable adjustments

� Monitor the implementation and effectiveness of such a policy� Provide disability awareness and disability etiquette training for all staff

who have contact with the public� Address acts of disability discrimination by staff as part of disciplinary

rules and procedures� Have a customer complaints procedure that is easy for disabled people to use� Consult with disabled customers, disabled staff and disability organisations� Regularly review whether services are accessible to disabled people� Regularly review the effectiveness of reasonable adjustments made for disabled

people in accordance with the Act, and act on the findings of those reviews� Provide regular training to staff that is relevant to the adjustments to be made

The DRC will issue a revised code for the DDA 1995 in light of amendmentswhich come into force in December 2006.

Disability Rights CommissionCode of Practice

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Easy access to historic landscapesSources of information

Primary legislationAncient Monuments and ArchaeologicalAreas Act 1979. London: HMSO

Disability Discrimination Act 1995.London: HMSO

Disability Discrimination Act 2005.London: HMSO

National Heritage Act 1983.London: HMSO

Planning (Listed Buildings and ConservationAreas) Act 1990. London: HMSO

Planning (Listed Buildings and ConservationAreas) (Scotland) Act 1979.London: HMSO

Special Educational Needs and DisabilityAct 2001. London: HMSO

Town and Country Planning Act 1990.London: HMSO

Official guidance documentsBritish Standards Institution 1998. Guide tothe Principles of the Conservation of HistoricBuildings (BS 7913). London: BSIwww.bsi-global.com

British Standards Institution 2001. Design ofBuildings and their Approaches to Meet theNeeds of Disabled People: Code of Practice(BS 8300). London: BSIwww.bsi-global.com

Department for Culture, Media and Sportand Department for Transport, LocalGovernment and the Regions 2001.A Force for Our Future. London: DCMSwww.culture.gov.uk

Department for Culture, Media and Sport2002. People and Places: Social InclusionPolicy for the Built and Historic Environment.London: DCMSwww.culture.gov.uk

Department for Culture, Media and Sport2004. Review of Heritage Protection:The WayForward. London: Department for Culture,Media and Sportwww.culture.gov.uk

Department for Education and Employment1996. Code of Practice for the Elimination ofDiscrimination in the Field of EmploymentAgainst Disabled Persons or Persons WhoHave Had a Disability. London: HMSOwww.dfes.gov.uk.

Department of the Environment 1990.Planning Policy Guidance Note 16:Archaeology and Planning. London: HMSOwww.odpm.gov.uk.

Department of the Environment andDepartment of the National Heritage 1994.Planning Guidance Note 15: Planning and theHistoric Environment. London: HMSOwww.odpm.gov.uk.

Sources of information

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Easy access to historic landscapes

Carter, J 2001. Sense of Place, InterpretivePlanning Handbook. Inverness:Tourismand Environment Initiativewww.snh.gov.uk orwww.greentourism.org.uk/publications

Centre for Accessible Environments 1995.Access Audits: A Guide and Checklists forAppraising the Accessibility of Buildings.London: CAEwww.cae.org.uk

Construction Industry Research andInformation Association 2004. Buildings forAll to Use. (2nd Edn). London: CIRIA.www.ciria.org.uk

Countryside Agency 1995. Visitor WelcomeInitiative. Cheltenham: Countryside Agency.www.countryside.gov.uk


Access by Design. The quarterly journal ofthe Centre for Accessible Environmentswww.cae.org.uk

Access Journal.The quarterly journal of theAccess Association and Joint Mobility UnitAccess Partnershipwww.jmuaccess.org.uk

Barker, P and Fraser, J 2000. Sign DesignGuide: A Guide to Inclusive Signage. London:Joint Mobility Unit Access Partnershipand the Sign Design Societywww.jmuaccess.org.uk

Cadw 2002. Overcoming Barriers: ProvidingPhysical Access to Historic Buildings.Cardiff: Cadwwww.cadw.wales.gov.uk

General reading: access

Disability Rights Commission 2002. Code ofPractice: Rights of Access, Goods, Facilities,Services and Premises. London: DisabilityRights Commissionwww.drc-gb.org.

Drivers Jonas (for the Office of theDeputy Prime Minister) 2003. Planningand Access for Disabled People: A GoodPractice Guide. London: ODPMwww.odpm.gov.uk.

Equality Commission for Northern Ireland2003. Code of Practice: Rights of Access,Goods, Facilities, Services and Premises.Belfast: ECNIwww.equalityni.org

Office of the Deputy Prime Minister 2003.Building Regulations (2000): ApprovedDocument Part M (2004): Access to andUse of Buildings. London: Stationery Officewww.odpm.gov.uk

Scottish Building Standards Agency 2004.The Scottish building Standards:TechnicalHandbook: Non-Domestic. Livingston: SBSAwww.sbsa.gov.uk

Scottish Executive 1999. National PlanningPolicy Guideline 18. Planning and theHistoric Environment.www.scotland.gov.uk

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Countryside Agency 2000. Sense andAccessibility: How to Improve Access onCountryside Paths, Routes and Trailsfor People with Mobility Impairments.Cheltenham: Countryside Agencywww.countryside.gov.uk

Countryside Agency 2001. Paths withoutPrejudice: A Step by Step Guide to Collectingand Providing Improved Countryside Path,Route and Trail Information Suitable forUsers of All Abilities. Cheltenham:Countryside Agency.www.countryside.gov.uk

Countryside Agency 2005.By All Reasonable Means.Cheltenham: Countryside Agencywww.countryside.gov.uk

Deafworks 2001. Access for Deaf People toMuseums and Galleries: A Review of GoodPractice in London. London: Deafworks.www.deafworks.co.uk

Department for Culture, Media andSport 2004. Accessibility Planning Guidance.www.dft.gov.uk

Department for Transport 2002. InclusiveMobility: A Guide to Best Practice on Accessto Pedestrian and Transport Infrastructure.London: DfT.www.mobility-unit.dft.gov.uk

Detheridge,T and Detheridge, M 2002.Literacy through Symbols. Cambridge:Widgit Software Ltd.www.widgit.com

Disability Rights Commission 2003. DL60:Definition of Disability. London: DRCwww.drc-gb.org

Disability Rights Commission 2003. DX25:Good Practice Training Directory. London: DRCwww.drc-gb.org

Disability Rights Commission 2003.FOCUS7: Creating an Inclusive Environment– a report on improving the BuiltEnvironment. London: DRCwww.drc-gb.org

Disability Rights Commission 2003.EDU13: Good Practice Guide:Staff Development. London: DRCwww.drc-gb.org

Disability Rights Commission 2003FOCUS6: Good Signs: Improving Signs forPeople with a Learning Disability. London: DRCwww.drc-gb.org

Disability Rights Commission 2003. SP7:2004: What it means to you: a Guide forService Providers. London: DRCwww.drc-gb.org

Disability Rights Commission 2004.FOCUS12/ER: How to Use Easy Words andPictures: Easy Read Guide. London: DRCwww.drc-gb.org

Disability Rights Commission 2004.FOCUS15: Guidance on Providing BSLand English Interpreter under the DDA(full version). London: DRCwww.drc-gb.org

60

Easy access to historic landscapes Sources of information

Disability Rights Commission 2004. SP13:Organising Accessible Events. London: DRCwww.drc-gb.org

Disability Rights Commission. AccessStatements, Achieving an inclusive environmentby ensuring continuity throughout theplanning, design and management ofbuildings and spaces.www.drc-gb.org

English Heritage. Inclusion and DiversityPolicy (including Disability Access Policy).www.english-heritage.org.uk

English Heritage 2004. Easy Access toHistoric Buildings. London: English Heritagewww.english-heritage.org.uk

Fieldfare Trust. Physical Accessibility Standards.www.fieldfare.org.uk

Fieldfare Trust 1997. BT Countryside for All:A Good Practice Guide to Disabled People’sAccess in the Countryside. Sheffield:Fieldfare Trustwww.fieldfare.org.uk

Fieldfare Trust 2005. A Good Practice Guideto Countryside Access for Disabled People.Extended CD Edition. Cupar: Fieldfare Trustwww.fieldfare.org.uk

Foster, L 1997. Access to the HistoricEnvironment. Shaftesbury: Donhead

Gregory,W 1996. Informability Manual:Making Information More Accessible inLight of the DDA. London: HMSO

Heritage Lottery Fund 2003. Access Plans:Helping your Application. London: HLF.www.hlf.org.uk

Heritage Lottery Fund 2004. Helping yourApplication.Thinking about Access.London: HLF.www.hlf.org.uk

Heritage Lottery Fund 2004. Helping yourApplication. Improving your Project forDisabled People. London: HLF.www.hlf.org.uk

Heritage Lottery Fund 2005. DisabledPeople and Heritage. 10 Years of HeritageLottery Funding. London: HLF.www.hlf.org.uk

MORI 2003. Grey Power/Grey Ahead.London: MORI.www.mori.com

Museums, Libraries and Archives Council(formerly Re:source) 2003. DisabilityPortfolio (a collection of 12 guides on howbest to meet the needs of disabled peopleas users and staff in museums, archives andlibraries). London: MLAC.www.mla.gov.uk

Penton, J 2001. Widening the Eye of theNeedle (2 edn). London: Council for theCare of Churches/Church House Publishing

Price, R and Stoneham, J 2001. MakingConnections: A Guide to Accessible GreenSpace. St Austell: Sensory Trustwww.sensorytrust.org.uk

61


Royal National Institute of the Blind 2003.Designing Gardens and Nature Trails.London: RNIBwww.rnib.org.uk

Royal National Institute of the Blind 2003.Museums, Galleries and Heritage Sites:Improving Access for Blind and PartiallySighted People (Talking Images Guide)London: RNIBwww.rnib.org.uk

Royal National Institute of the Blind.See it Right. Accessible Website Audits.www.rnib.org.uk

Sandell, R and Dodd, J 1998. BuildingBridges: Guidance for Museums and Gallerieson Developing New Audiences. Museumsand Galleries Commission, Londonwww.mla.gov.uk

Sensory Trust 2003. Public Parks: Keep Out.Conference Report.www.sensorytrust.org.uk

Sensory Trust and English Heritage 2005.Easy Access to Historic Landscapes.Sources of Information.www.sensorytrust.org.uk

Scottish Museums Council 2003. Checklist:Improving Intellectual Access. Edinburgh SMCwww.scottishmuseums.org.uk

Stoneham, Jane and Thoday, Peter 1999.Landscape Design for Elderly and DisabledPeople. Woodbridge: Garden Art Press

VisitBritain 2002. Visits to Visitor Attractions2002. London:VisitBritainwww.visitbritain.com

Young,Victoria and Urquhart, Dennis 1996Historic Scotland Technical Advice Note 7:Access to the Built Heritage: Advice on theProvision of Access for People with Disabilitiesto Historic Sites Open to the Public.The Stationery Office: Edinburghwww.historic-scotland.gov.uk

62


Brereton, Christopher 1995. The Repair ofHistoric Buildings: Advice on Principles andMethods (2 edn) London: English Heritage.www.english-heritage.org.uk

Cadw 1998. Register of Landscapes ofOutstanding Historic Interest in Wales.Cardiff: Cadwwww.cadw.wales.gov.uk

Cadw 2003. Guide to Good Practice onUsing the Register of Landscapes of HistoricInterest in Wales in the Planning andDevelopment Process. Cardiff: Cadwwww.cadw.wales.gov.uk

Clark, Kate 2001. Informed Conservation:Understanding Historic Buildings and theirLandscapes. London: English Heritage.www.english-heritage.org.uk

Department of the Environment(Northern Ireland) 1993. Planning Strategyfor Rural Northern Ireland.www.planningni.gov.uk

English Heritage 1998. The Register of Parksand Gardens. An Introduction. London:English Heritagewww.english-heritage.org.uk

English Heritage 2000. Power of Place.The Future of the Historic Environment.London: English Heritagewww.english-heritage.org.uk

General reading: historic landscapesand their conservation

English Heritage 2004. Heritage Counts2004:The State of the Historic Environment.London: English Heritage.www.english-heritage.org.uk

English Heritage 2005. Streets for AllLondon: English Heritage.www.english-heritage.org.uk

Heritage Lottery Fund 2004. ConservationManagement Plans: helping your Application.London: HLF.www.hlf.org.uk

Historic Scotland 1998. Memorandum ofGuidance on Listed Buildings and ConservationAreas. Edinburgh: Historic Scotlandwww.historic-scotland.gov.uk

Historic Scotland and Scottish NaturalHeritage 1987. An Inventory of Gardens andDesigned Landscapes. Supplementary Volume1 (2001) The Lothians. Supplementary Volume2 (2003) Highlands & Islands. SupplementaryVolume 3 (2005) Fife. Edinburgh:Historic Scotlandwww.historic-scotland.gov.uk

Jupp, Belinda 1992. Northern Ireland HeritageGardens Inventory. Belfast: Northern IrelandEnvironment and Heritage Servicewww.ehsni.gov.uk

University of York 2002. United KingdomDatabase of Historic Parks and Gardens.www.gardenhistory.org.uk/ukpg

63


Access organisations

Access AssociationWalsall Metropolitan Borough CouncilCivic Centre, Darwall StreetWalsall WS1 1TPwww.access-association.org.uk01922 652010

The Adapt TrustPO Box 16817Glasgow G12 8WXwww.adapttrust.co.uk0141 357 5515

Age ConcernAstral House1268 London RoadLondon SW16 4ERwww.ageconcern.org.uk020 8765 7200

British Council of Disabled People Litchurch PlazaLitchurch LaneDerby DE24 8AAwww.bcodp.org.uk01332 295551

Centre for Accessible Environments70 South Lambeth RoadLondon SW8 1RLwww.cae.org.uk020 7840 0125

Church Action on Disability50 Scrutton StreetLondon EC2A 4XQwww.charitiesdirect.com020 7452 2085

Directory of Social Change: Informationand Training for the Voluntary Sectorwww.dsc.org.uk08450 777707

Disability Rights CommissionDRC HelplineFreepost MID 02164Stratford-upon-Avon CV37 9BRwww.drc-gb.org.uk08457 622633

Disabled Persons Transport Advisory Committee (DPTAC)Zone 1/14, Great Minster House76 Marsham StreetLondon SW1P 4DRwww.dptac.gov.uk020 7944 8011

Equality Commission for Northern IrelandEquality House7–9 Shaftesbury SquareBelfast BT2 7DPwww.equalityni.org028 90 500600

Where to go for further help

64


Fieldfare Trust7 Volunteer House69 CrossgateCupar, Fife KY15 5ASwww.fieldfare.org.uk01334 657708

Help the Aged207–221 Pentonville RoadLondon N1 9UZwww.helptheaged.org.uk020 7278 1114

JMU Access Partnership105 Judd StreetLondon WC1H 9NEwww.jmuaccess.org.uk020 7391 2002

MENCAP123 Golden LaneLondon EC1Y ORTwww.mencap.com020 7454 0454

Mind15–19 BroadwayLondon E15 4BQwww.mind.org.uk020 8519 2122

National Register of Access Consultants70 South Lambeth RoadLondon SW8 1RLwww.nrac.org.uk020 7735 7845

Plain English CampaignPO Box 3New Mills, High PeakSK22 4QPwww.plainenglish.co.uk01663 744409

Radar Access Advisory Committee12 City Forum250 City RoadLondon EC1V 8AFwww.radar.org.uk020 7250 3222

Royal National Institute of the Blind105 Judd StreetLondon WC1H 9NEwww.rnib.org.uk0845 766 9999

Royal National Institute for Deaf People 19–23 Featherstone StreetLondon EC1Y 8SLwww.rind.org.uk0808 808 0123

ScopePO Box 833Milton Keynes MK12 5NYwww.scope.org.uk0808 800 3333

Sensory TrustWatering Lane NurserySt AustellCornwall PL26 6BEwww.sensorytrust.org.uk01726 222900

Web Accessibility Initiativewww.w3.org/WAI

65


Ancient Monuments SocietySt Ann’s Vestry Hall2 Church EntryLondon EC4V 5HBwww.ancientmonumentssociety.org.uk020 7236 3934

Architectural Heritage Society of ScotlandThe Glasite Meeting House33 Barony StreetEdinburgh EH3 6NXwww.ahss.org.uk0131 557 0019

Association of Gardens Trusts70 Cowcross StreetLondon EC1M 6EJwww.gardenstrusts.org.uk020 7251 2610

Association of Local Government Archaeological Officers5 Marine TerraceSkinningroveSaltburn-by-the-Sea TS13 4BJwww.algao.org.uk01287 205863

Built Environment Forum ScotlandThe Glasite Meeting House33 Barony StreetEdinburgh EH3 6NXwww.befs.org.uk0131 556 3306

Council for British ArchaeologySt Mary’s House66 BoothamYork YO30 7BZwww.britarch.ac.uk01904 671417

Council for Scottish Archaeologyc/o National Museums of ScotlandChambers StreetEdinburgh EH1 1JFwww.britarch.ac.uk/csa0131 247 4119

Garden History Society70 Cowcross StreetLondon EC1M 6EJwww.gardenhistorysociety.org020 7608 2409

Garden History Society (Scotland)The Glasite Meeting House33 Barony StreetEdinburgh EH3 6NX0131 557 5717

Georgian Group6 Fitzroy SquareLondon W1T 5DXwww.georgiangroup.org.uk020 7529 8920

Historic Houses Association2 Chester StreetLondon SW1X 7BBwww.hha.org.uk020 7259 5688

National societies: historic landscapes

66


Institute of Historic Building Conservation Jubilee HouseHigh StreetTisburyWiltshire SP3 6HAwww.ihbc.org.uk01747 873133

National Museums of ScotlandChambers StreetEdinburgh EH1 1JFwww.nms.ac.uk0131 247 4119

Scottish Civic TrustThe Tobacco Merchants House42 Miller StreetGlasgow G1 1DTwww.scottishcivictrust.org.uk0141 221 1466

Society for the Protection ofAncient Buildings37 Spital SquareLondon E1 6DYwww.spab.org.uk020 7377 1644

Society for the Protection ofAncient Buildings (Scotland)The Glasite Meeting House33 Barony StreetEdinburgh EH3 6NXwww.spab.org.uk/scotland0131 557 1551

Twentieth Century Society70 Cowcross StreetLondon EC1M 6EJwww.c20society.org.uk020 7250 3857

Ulster Architectural Heritage Society66 Donegall PassBelfast B17 1BUwww.uahc.co.uk028 9055 0213

Victorian Society1 Priory GardensBedford ParkLondon W4 1TTwww.victorian-society.org.uk020 8994 1019

Government bodies

CadwWelsh Assembly GovernmentPlas CarewUnits 5/7Parc NantganwCardiff CF15 7QQwww.cadw.wales.gov.uk01443 336000

Countryside AgencyJohn Dower HouseCrescent PlaceCheltenham GL50 3RAwww.countryside.gov.uk01242 533222

67


Countryside Council for WalesMaes-y-FfynnonPenrhosgarnedd,BangorGwynedd LL57 2DWwww.ccw.gov.uk0845 1306229

Department for Culture, Media and Sport2–4 Cockspur StreetLondon SW1Y 5DHwww.culture.gov.uk020 7211 6200

UK Government’s Disability Policy DivisionDepartment for Work and PensionsDisability UnitLevel 6, Adelphi BuildingJohn Adams StreetLondon WC2N 6HTwww.disability.gov.uk

Department for Environment,Food and Rural Affairs (Defra)Nobel House17 Smith SquareLondon SW1P 3JRwww.defra.gov.uk08459 335577

English Heritage23 Savile RowLondon W1S 2ETwww.english-heritage.org.uk020 7973 3000 (London office)0870 333 1181 (Customer service)For general enquiries about statutorily protectedlisted buildings, scheduled monuments andregistered parks and gardens in England:[email protected]

English NatureNorthminster HousePeterborough PE1 1UAwww.english-nature.org.uk01733 455000

Northern Ireland Departmentof the EnvironmentEnvironment and Heritage ServiceWaterman House5–33 Hill St Belfast BT1 2LAwww.ehsni.gov.uk028 9054 3037

Heritage Lottery Fund 7 Holbein PlaceLondon SW1W 8NRwww.hlf.org.uk020 7591 6000

Historic ScotlandLongmore HouseSalisbury PlaceEdinburgh EH9 1SHwww.historic-scotland.gov.uk0131 668 8600

Museums, Libraries and Archives Council16 Queen Anne’s GateLondon SW1H 9AAwww.mla.gov.uk020 7273 1444

National TrustHeelisKemble DriveSwindon SN2 2NAwww.nationaltrust.org.uk01793 817400

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Easy access to historic landscapes

National Trust for ScotlandWemyss House28 Charlotte SquareEdinburgh EH2 4ETwww.nts.org.uk0131 243 9300

Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (ODPM)26 WhitehallLondon SW1A 2WHwww.odpm.gov.uk020 7944 4400

Royal Commission on the Ancient andHistorical Monuments of ScotlandJohn Sinclair House16 Bernard TerraceEdinburgh EH8 9NXwww.rcahms.gov.uk0131 662 1456

Scottish Building Standards AgencyDenholm HouseAlmondvale Business ParkLivingston EH54 6GAwww.sbsa.gov.uk01506 600 400

Scottish Natural Heritage12 Hope TerraceEdinburgh EH9 2ASwww.snh.org.uk0131 447 4784


Published October 2005

© English Heritage 2005Text prepared by Jane Stoneham,Lars Stenberg, Drew Bennellick,Tony Crosby and Jenifer White

Assisted by Victoria Ball, Simon Blake,Wendy Brewin, Suzanne Carter,Jean Booker, Phil Chambers,Jo Easingwood,Terry Eakin, Mike Fitt,Karen McDonald. Lorna McRobie,Lynsey Robinson,Will Salvetti,Heather Smith, Peter Thoday,Caron Thompson, Russell Walters,David Watterson, Peter Wenham,Valerie Wenham and Michael Westley

Edited by Joan Hodson, Jenifer Whiteand Rowan Whimster

Designed by Lars Stenbergand Mark Freeth

Brought to press by Publishing andCreative Services Department,English Heritage

Printed by Vitesse

Product code 51126

Images (unless otherwise specified) are© Sensory Trust, © English Heritage,© English Heritage NMR or© Crown copyright NMR.Every effort has been made to tracethe copyright holders and we apologisein advance for any unintentionalomissions, which we would be pleasedto correct in any subsequent editionof this publication.

English Heritage, Cadw, Historic Scotlandand the Northern Ireland Departmentof Environment are the Government’sstatutory advisors on the historicenvironment.

For copies of this booklet and alternativeformats (quote PC51126), please contact:English HeritageCustomer Services DepartmentPO Box 569Swindon SN2 2YP

Telephone: 0870 333 1181Fax: 01793 414926Email: [email protected]

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