earthwatch 2014 exploring lions and their prey in...

EXPLORING LIONS AND THEIR PREY IN KENYA

EARTHWATCH 2014

DEAR EARTHWATCHER,

We are looking forward to working with you at Ol Pejeta Conservancy in Laikipia, Kenya. Working together, we will gather information critical to understanding the interactions between large carnivores, the many species of ungulates (hoofed mammals) on which they feed, and cattle. Our overarching goal is to understand how cattle ranching influences predator-prey dynamics. We are investigating how the behavior and numbers of predators influence, and are influenced by, numbers of their prey.

Please read this briefing for essential information to prepare you for your expedition.

Sincerely, Jake Goheen, Martin Mulama, Caroline Ng’weno, and Siva Sundaresan

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1Exploring Lions and their Prey in Kenya 2014

TABLE OF CONTENTS

GENERAL INFORMATION .............................. 2

EXPEDITION PACKING CHECKLIST ................ 4

THE RESEARCH ............................................ 6

DESTINATION ............................................... 8

DAILY LIFE IN THE FIELD ............................. 10

ACCOMMODATIONS AND FOOD ..................... 12

TRAVEL TIPS ...............................................14

PROJECT CONDITIONS ................................. 16

SAFETY ....................................................... 18

PROJECT STAFF ..........................................20

RECOMMENDED READING ........................... 21

PARTICIPANT RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES .............................22

COMMUNICATIONS .......................................26

Images © Stefan Ekernas; Kevin Wabungo

Expedition Update

Exploring Lions and their Prey in Kenya All 2014 Teams

June 9, 2014 Dear Earthwatcher, We’re writing to inform you of an important update for your expedition. The U.S. State Department and U.K. Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) have issued travel advisories for Kenya. Currently, there is a heightened threat of terrorist acts and violent crime, particularly in the Nairobi area and the coastal cities of Mombasa and Diani. In response to these advisories, the rendezvous location for your team has been changed to the Fairview Hotel. Fairview Hotel Bishops Road P.O. Box 40842 00100 Nairobi Kenya Email for reservations: [email protected] Tel: (254-20) 2881419 Hotel website: fairviewkenya.com/contact-us/ If you currently have a reservation at the Hilton Nairobi for the night before your team starts, we ask that you please cancel it and rebook at the Fairview, which is in a more secure, less crowded area. As of June 9, single economy rooms are $180 per night and double economy rooms are $210 per night. The project staff will pick you up in the lobby of the Fairview Hotel at 8 a.m. on the first day of your team. For the remainder of your trip you will be in Ol Pejeta Conservancy, which is outside of the current risk areas for Kenya. As you travel, please bear in mind that the following suggestions in keeping with U.S. State Department and FCO advice:

• Avoid sightseeing in Nairobi before and after the expedition. Avoid high traffic areas like malls or bus stations. • Only use reputable taxi companies when traveling to and from Jomo Kenyatta International Airport to the

Fairview hotel. Specifically, look for the KAA Yellow Airport Taxis. • Remain at the rendezvous hotel until met by project staff as planned. • In the event there are any incidents in Nairobi, remain in your hotel room. Earthwatch has a 24 hour assistance

line available on +1 978 461 0081. We will continue to monitor the security situation and update you as necessary. If you have any issues rebooking your hotel, or if you have questions or concerns regarding the information above, please don’t hesitate to contact us. Earthwatch Staff

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.fairviewkenya.com/contact-us/

Exploring Lions and their Prey in Kenya 20142

EARTHWATCH SCIENTISTS: Jake Goheen, Martin Mulama, Caroline Ng’weno, Siva Sundaresan

RESEARCH SITE: Ol Pejeta Conservancy, Laikipia, Kenya

EXPEDITION DATES:

Team 1: June 14–June 27, 2014

Team 2: June 29–July 12, 2014

Team 3: July 14–July 27, 2014

Team 4: Aug. 22–Sept. 4, 2014

Team 5: Sept. 6–Sept. 19, 2014

GENERAL INFORMATIONEXPLORING LIONS AND THEIR PREY IN KENYA

Complete travel information is not available in this version of the briefing.

Please contact Earthwatch with any questions.


TO DO IMMEDIATELYq Make sure you understand and agree to Earthwatch

policies and participant responsibilities.

90 DAYS PRIOR TO EXPEDITIONq Log in at earthwatch.org to complete your

volunteer forms.

NOTE: If you have signed up for an expedition within 90 days of the start date, you must return your fully completed volunteer forms as soon as possible.

q Pay any outstanding balance on your expedition.

q Book travel arrangements.

q If you plan to purchase additional travel insurance, note that some policies require purchase when your expedition is booked (see the Insurance section, pg. 19, for more information).

q If traveling internationally, make sure your passport is current and obtain a visa for your destination country, if necessary (see the Passports and Visas section, pg. 15, for more details).

q Make sure you have all the necessary vaccinations for your project site (see the Health Information section, pg. 18).

q Bring your level of fitness up to the standards required (see the Project Conditions section, pg. 16).

60 DAYS PRIOR TO EXPEDITION q Review the packing list (pg. 4) to make sure you have all

the clothing, personal supplies, and equipment needed.

30 DAYS PRIOR TO EXPEDITIONq Leave the Earthwatch 24-hour helpline number with

a friend or relative (see pg. 28).

q Leave copies of your passport, visa, and airline tickets with a friend or relative.

q Confirm your travel arrangements.

TRIP PLANNER

Read this expedition briefing thoroughly. It provides the most accurate information available at the time of your Earthwatch scientist’s project planning, and will likely answer any questions you have about the project. However, please also keep in mind that research requires improvisation, and you may need to be flexible. Research plans evolve in response to new findings, as well as to unpredictable factors such as weather, equipment failure, and travel challenges. To enjoy your expedition to the fullest, remember to expect the unexpected, be tolerant of repetitive tasks, and try to find humor in difficult situations. If there are any major changes in the research plan or field logistics, Earthwatch will make every effort to keep you well informed before you go into the field.

http://earthwatch.org

REQUIRED ITEMS

GENERAL

q This expedition briefing

q Photocopies of your passport, flight itinerary, and credit cards in case the originals are lost or stolen; the copies should be packed separately from the original documents

q Passport

q Visa (if necessary)

q Certification of vaccination (if necessary)

q Documentation for travel by minors (if necessary) (see Volunteers Under 18 Years of Age, pg.15)

CLOTHING/FOOTWEAR FOR FIELDWORK

NOTE: Bring clothes you don’t mind getting very dirty and potentially ruining.

q Earthwatch T-shirt

q 2–3 lightweight, quick-drying, long-sleeved shirts

q 2–3 pairs of shorts

q 2–3 pairs of sturdy workpants

q 4–5 T-shirts (quick drying fabric is ideal)

q 1–2 flannels, sweatshirts, or fleeces

q Quick-drying long pants

q Wide-brimmed sun hat

q Raincoat

q Rain pants

q Waterproof hiking boots that are well worn and broken in with good ankle support

CLOTHING/FOOTWEAR FOR LEISURE

q At least one set of clothing to keep clean for end of expedition

q Comfortable shoes and/or sandals

FIELD SUPPLIES

q Small daypack (20 liters)

q Two one-liter water bottles

q High-SPF sunscreen (30 or higher)

q Insect repellent spray

q Sunglasses with UV protection

q Pocket knife (e.g., Swiss Army brand or Leatherman) packed in your checked luggage (NOT your carry-on)

BEDDING AND BATHING

NOTE: Linens, blankets, pillows, and towels will be provided by the project.

PERSONAL SUPPLIES

q Personal toiletries (biodegradable soaps and shampoos are encouraged)

q Antibacterial wipes or lotion (good for cleaning hands while in the field)

q Personal first-aid kit (e.g., anti-diarrhea pills, antibiotics, antiseptic, itch-relief, pain reliever, bandages, blister covers, etc.) and personal medications

q Flashlight or headlamp with extra batteries and extra bulb

q Ear plugs

MISCELLANEOUS

q Spending money (approx. USD$200)

q Watch

q Binoculars (8x40 are fine for most mammal and bird watching purposes and are not too heavy)

OPTIONAL ITEMSq Camera, film or memory card(s), extra camera battery

q Drybag or plastic sealable bags (good for protecting equipment like cameras from dust, humidity, and water)

q Hardware for sharing digital photographs at the end of the expedition

q Travel guide

q Books, games, journal, art supplies, etc. for free time

q Swahili pocket dictionary/phrasebook

NOTE: Required and optional items lists are accurate to the best of Earthwatch’s knowledge at the time of publication.

EXPEDITION PACKING CHECKLIST

4 Exploring Lions and their Prey in Kenya 2014


THE STORY On this expedition, you’ll participate in a novel investigation that attempts to positively influence populations of diminishing African savanna wild herbivores through the controlled use of cattle grazing lands.

African savannas rely on grazing by large mammalian herbivores to create and maintain their characteristic tree-grass mixtures. In the Ol Pejeta Conservancy in Laikipia, Kenya, domestic cattle graze alongside wild ungulates like elephants, giraffes, zebras, and many species of antelopes. Here, ranch managers, tribal groups, and their livestock share the landscape with wildlife.

With wildlife tourism generating revenue for Laikipia communities, many ranch managers are faced with the challenge of maintaining viable populations of large carnivores and their ungulate prey on working cattle ranches. Lions and other large carnivores are particularly appealing to tourists, and require conservation in a manner that minimizes livestock losses—a major source of income for the local communities. Earthwatch scientists Jake Goheen, Martin Mulama, Caroline Ng’weno, and Siva Sundaresan have devised an experimental approach which will attempt to achieve this goal.

THE RESEARCHEXPLORING LIONS AND THEIR PREY IN KENYA


RESEARCH AIMS Herbivores like cattle, zebras, and species with more fragile populations help maintain a mix of trees and grasses on the savanna.

Large herbivores maintain savanna ecosystems by allowing both trees and grasses to thrive. Previous observations suggest that zebras have a fondness for areas where cattle have grazed. But can cattle actually attract zebra? The data you collect on herbivore abundance can help answer this question.

Researchers also already know that zebras are the most common lion meal. So the next question is: do lions and other predators that eat zebras hunt where these striped ungulates are most abundant, or where prey of all kinds is easiest to catch? If it’s the former, as these researchers suspect, lions should follow the zebras to those greener cattle pastures.

If the first two hypotheses turn out to be true—that zebras will follow cows and predators will follow zebras—one big question still remains. Will moving cattle strategically to attract zebras actually help the rarer herbivores survive? This could be possible: the declining species tend to congregate in smaller, more sedentary herds than zebras, which makes them easier to catch than zebras if they’re in all in the same area.

You can provide the observational power to discover how this experiment will actually unfold. Help be part of a strategy that could strengthen predators, prey, and the people of Kenya who depend on tourism and livestock.

HOW YOU WILL HELP

You will have the opportunity to participate in a unique experiment in conservation at the Ol Pejeta Conservancy in Laikipia. Your research tasks will include:

Distance sampling of zebra and other large ungulates: Using a GPS, compass and range finder, you will record the location of these herds and abundances of zebra on the landscape— data that will be later compared to the movement and sightings of lions and other large carnivores. You will also note which herds lack calves and other young animals as predators tend to single out younger animals from the herd.

Radio-telemetry on lions: The six prides of lions that inhabit the conservancy have all been radio-collared to help researchers track their movements. You will monitor their movements by tracking the collars. This data will be compared to the distance sampling data from herbivore observation to note which ungulates are being followed by large carnivores.

Camera-trapping of hyenas and leopards: Except for lions, large carnivores like leopards and hyenas are identified by their unique markings; researchers do not use collars to track them. You will help collect pictures from camera traps in the field and inspect these images to match the animals to individuals in the field database, based on patterns in their spots and stripes.


ABOUT OL PEJECTA CONSERVANCY The Ol Pejeta Conservancy is located approximately 260 kilometers (160 miles) north of Nairobi on the equator near the town of Nanyuki on the Laikipia Plateau. It consists of open plains, a well-defined riverine environment, and large areas of savanna consisting of two dominant species, Acacia drepanolobium and Euclea divinorum, a dense shrub. The conservancy was created in 1989 as a sanctuary for black rhinos relocated from other sites in Kenya. Now, with 80 black rhinos, it has one of the highest populations in Kenya, along with 30-40 lions, and abundant elephants, giraffe, buffalo, zebra, and many species of antelopes. Birds are abundant and diverse, with over 200 species. Ol Pejeta also houses a refuge for chimpanzees rescued from the pet and bush meat trade. Because of its many attractions for scientific research and tourism, the sanctuary forms part of a loop favored by tour operators when taking visitors around Kenya.

Laikipia County in central Kenya is a traveler’s paradise, boasting opportunities for safaris, mountain trekking, fishing, horseback riding, hiking, bird watching, and the like. OPC itself is a stunning locale, with 18 species of wild ungulates along with two dozen species of less-conspicuous carnivores. It is widely recognized as one of the most successful breeding sanctuaries of black rhino in all of East Africa.

The Laikipia Plateau is a lava plateau used almost entirely for cattle and sheep ranching. It is flat and rolls gently only where it is cut by rivers, such as the Ewaso Narok and Ewaso Ngiro, which flow down from the Aberdare Mountains. The Ewaso Ngiro flows north through the reserve and provides water year round. The vegetation in the reserve is a mosaic of grassland, acacia woodland, euclea scrub woodland, and riverine woodland.

Much of Laikipia is covered by large, privately owned ranches where cattle share the land with free ranging wildlife. Local communities combine small scale farms and grazing land into large group ranches.

YOUR DESTINATIONABOUT LAIKIPIA, KENYA


You’ll spend your days in the midst of the wildlife-rich conservancy, observing zebras and other herbivores and tracking lions and hyenas with radio telemetry and camera traps. As cattle grazing spots are established and moved around, your team will follow the herds to assess if and how the composition of animals around them changes. You’ll also traverse the conservancy to set up and collect camera traps, which capture images of predators and other animals that pass by them. You can expect to walk about four kilometers (2.5 miles) a day, always accompanied by field scouts.

You’ll also spend some time in Ol Pejeta’s research center, entering data from your lion tracking work and sorting images. On many evenings you’ll have free hours to learn more about the research, socialize, read, or simply relax in your banda and enjoy the sounds of the wild at night.

ITINERARY:Day 1: Meet team members at the Hilton Nairobi lobby at 8 a.m., drive to Ol Pejeta, settle into accommodations

Day 2: Introduction to research and tour of Ol Pejeta

Day 3: Training on distance sampling, camera traps, and lion pride work

Days 4–13: In the field, record distribution and abundance of zebra herds, set out and collect camera traps, conduct radio telemetry on lions. You’ll enjoy one full recreational day during this period.

Day 14: Departure in the morning from Ol Pejeta. Arrive in Nairobi in time for afternoon and evening flights out of Jomo Keynatta International Airport

NOTE: Field conditions and research needs can lead to changes in the itinerary and activities. We appreciate your cooperation and understanding.

DAILY LIFE IN THE FIELDPLANS AND POLICIES

10

EARTHWATCH RECREATIONAL TIME POLICY

Project staff will generally accompany participants from the rendezvous to the end of the expedition. For recreational days, when no research activities are scheduled, Earthwatch scientists will offer either a team activity or a range of recreational activities that comply with Earthwatch standards. Participants may also remain at project accommodations. Those who pursue other options must sign a release form.

If there is a period of time during a regular research day when no research activities are scheduled, adult participants may leave the project site on their own; they will have to sign out first. Unless contacted for help, project staff will not search for a participant unless he or she fails to appear the following morning or for the next scheduled research activity.

Earthwatch will assess the general risks of adult participants leaving the project site, but cannot guarantee participant safety or an awareness of all issues. In some cases, due to local conditions, adult participants may have to stay at the project site during recreational time, a requirement that will be clearly communicated on site.

HEAD 1HEAD 2


ITINERARY AND DAILY SCHEDULE

11

TYPICAL ITINERARYDay Activities

Day 1 Meet team in the lobby of the Hilton Nairobi at 8 a.m.; drive from Nairobi to OPC (three to four hours)

Day 2 Tour of the accommodations, orientation and safety briefing, security instructions

Day 3 Morning: orientation and game drive; Evening: GIS viewing for distance sampling, transects, camera traps, and lion prides

Day 4 Hands-on training use of GPS distance sampling tools (compass, range finder), and camera traps

Day 5 Begin setting camera traps

Day 6 Continue working with camera traps

DAY 7 Downtime and recreation. Evening: radio telemetry on lions

Day 8 Distance sampling

Day 9 Morning: distance sampling. Evening: build database for camera trapping and distance sampling data

Day 10 Morning: finish distance sampling (four hours). Evening: enter distance sampling data.

Day 11 Collect camera traps

Day 12 Enter camera trap data

Day 13 Recreational day

Day 14 Departure

TYPICAL DAILY SCHEDULEFor camera trapping or scat analysis activities:

Time of Day Activity

6:00 a.m. Breakfast

7:00 a.m. to noon Fieldwork, which may include camera trapping, radio telemetry, distance sampling, etc.

Noon Lunch

1:00 p.m.–5:00 p.m. Fieldwork, which may include camera trapping, radio telemetry, distance sampling, etc.

6:00 p.m. Return and freshen up

7:00 p.m. Dinner

8:00 p.m. Relax, evening presentations, time for bed

Weather and research needs can lead to changes in the daily schedule. We appreciate your cooperation and understanding.


SLEEPINGAccommodations will be at the Ol Pejeta research center, where you will stay in bandas (round, stone huts with thatched roofs).

The research center is located in the center of the conservancy, adjacent to the airstrip and close to the Ol Pejeta Lodge. It has five single bedrooms and one double bedroom with built-in toilet and shower in the main building, and eight single rooms in two bandas (traditional thatched huts) adjacent to the center. Eight volunteers are typically housed in the bandas, with the main building occupied by project staff and two of the volunteers.

All rooms and bandas are fitted with comfortable beds, wardrobes, and tables. Bedding and towels are provided, and clothes are washed daily by staff at no extra charge. With the exception of the couples’ accommodations, which have double beds, all the other rooms have single beds.

BATHROOMSThe toilets and the bathrooms are mixed gender, and have flush toilets and showers with hot water throughout the day. There are no restrictions on the number of showers that a volunteer can take, but all are encouraged to conserve water and energy. Volunteers need to bring their own soap, shampoo and other personal toiletries.

ACCOMMODATIONS AND FOODABOUT YOUR HOME IN THE FIELD


ELECTRICITYElectricity is provided for eight hours per day between 6–10 a.m., and 6–10 p.m. The center is equipped with 240-volt electricity and uses U.K.-type plugs with three flat prongs. Sockets are available for recharging camera batteries, etc., though you may wish to bring an adapter and a voltage stabilizer to prevent power surges. Some equipment will also require a transformer or converter (e.g., U.S. electronics run on 120 volts). Power is available on weekdays from 8:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. Over the weekends the generator may be switched on from 8:00 a.m. to noon, and again from 6:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. However, these hours may vary depending on whether or not there are guests at the ranch house, which supplies the power. Candles will be provided if needed.

INTERNET AND COMMUNICATIONSOccasional (roughly once per week) Internet access is available in the research headquarters. Telephone (land line) and email are available 24 hours per day for emergency purposes. No cellphone service is available at Ol Pejeta.

FACILITIES AND AMENITIESVolunteers will have access to refrigeration in the kitchen. There are two dining/recreational areas in the main building and a small office/library that houses project records and books. The main building includes its own kitchen with a refrigerator and freezer, and two bathrooms with toilets and showers. Free laundry services are offered for volunteers.

FOODA chef will prepare hot breakfast and dinner, and packed lunches will be prepared the day before. Volunteers are welcome to assist in meal preparation, but this certainly is not a requirement. OPC staff will purchase groceries once per week. Breakfast and dinner will be in the research center and lunch will be in the field.

BREAKFAST: Eggs (scrambled or fried), bacon, toast, fruits, cereals, juice, tea, and coffee

DINNER: Pasta and sauce, roasted chicken and vegetables, curry, chapatti and beans, etc.

PACKED LUNCHES: Sandwiches, fruits, and chips, etc. (please be flexible)

SNACKS: Fruit, etc.

WATER: Water is brought in daily from local wells used throughout the reserve. This water is safe to drink without treatment.

SPECIAL DIETARY REQUIREMENTSPlease alert Earthwatch to any special dietary requirements (e.g., vegetarian or vegan diets, diabetes, lactose intolerance, nut or other food allergies) as soon as possible, and note them in the space provided on your volunteer forms.

Vegetarian diets can be accommodated on this expedition.


LUGGAGELOST AND DELAYED LUGGAGE: If your luggage goes astray, please instruct the airlines to deliver it to

Mr. Martin Mulama Ol Pejeta Conservancy + 254 723 312 673 + 254 733 733 053

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS: Do not bring more luggage than you can carry and handle on your own. If traveling by air and checking your luggage, we advise you to pack an extra set of field clothing and personal essentials in your carry-on bag in case your luggage is lost and/or takes several days to catch up with you. Many airlines have strict baggage policies. Please check with your airline(s) on baggage weight limits, liquid restrictions, fees for checked baggage, etc.

TRANSFERRING LUGGAGE: If you will be taking an international flight that has one or more connections within the country of your destination, it will be necessary to collect any checked bags at the airport where you first arrive in the destination country. After proceeding through customs, you will have to recheck your luggage before flying on to your final destination.

MONEY MATTERSPERSONAL FUNDS: On the day you arrive, you will be able to withdraw cash from an ATM in Nanyuki. 200 USD is suggested. Volunteers should also alert their banks that they may be withdrawing money in Kenya.

LOCAL CURRENCY: Kenyan Shilling

YOUR DESTINATIONLANGUAGE: Swahi li, English

TIME ZONE:GMT/UTC +3. For time worldwide with GMT/UTC, see worldtimeserver.com.

TELEPHONE DIALING CODES: When calling Kenya from another country, dial the home country’s international dialing code, then 254 and the number. You’ll need to add a 2 after the 254 for all Kenyan landline numbers and an 8 after the 254 for all Kenyan cellphone numbers. When calling within Kenya, omit the 254 and dial the eight-digit number (i.e., including 2 or 8 for landline and cellphone numbers respectively). When calling another country from Kenya, dial 00, followed by the other country’s code and the number. Note: Check with your cellphone provider to obtain any carrier-specific dialing codes you may need; many providers have dialing procedures that may differ from these directions.part from these directions.

TRAVEL TIPSSUGGESTIONS FOR THE ROAD

http://www.worldtimeserver.com


WILL YOU NEED A PASSPORT? International travelers will require a passport that is valid for a minimum of six months after the date of entry into the country you are visiting.

WILL YOU NEED A VISA?Most visitors to Kenya will require tourist visas, which may be obtained by U.S., EU, Japanese, and Australian citizens upon arrival at the airport in Kenya for approximately US$50 or £30. Stand in the line for visas AND passports instead of the line for passports alone. You will need to pay in cash, not via credit card or check.

Alternatively, visas may be obtained in advance from the nearest Kenyan embassy or consulate or from a visa agency.

Nationals from other countries should consult a tour agency, travel agency, or the Kenyan embassies and high commissions in their respective countries. Not all nationals are allowed to get a visa at the airport.

INFORMATION FOR VOLUNTEERS REQUIRING VISAS ONLYTYPE OF VISA TO GET: Tourist

The purpose of your visit is for vacation, holiday or travel. Immigration officials do not always understand the concept of a “working vacation” or “volunteering.” Words such as “working,” “volunteering,” “research,” or “scientific expedition” can raise questions concerning the country’s foreign labor laws and about official scientific research permits and credentials, etc., to which volunteers will not be equipped to respond on their own. All required research permits for the project are in place and have been approved by the proper authorities.

WHERE TO GET A VISA: Contact the nearest Kenyan embassy or consulate to find out how to apply. Please note that this process can take weeks or even months. We strongly recommend using a visa agency, which can both expedite and simplify the process.

SUGGESTED AGENCIES IN THE U.S.: Travisa; 212-613-2223; travisa.com

IN EUROPE: CIBT, Inc. (UK); [email protected]; uk.cibt.com

IN AUSTRALIA: Ask your travel agency if it can send your visa application on your behalf.

REQUIRED INFORMATION: You will need to send your passport, a Visa Application and Immigration Form, two to four passport-size photos, and payment to the embassy or visa agency (if applicable). You must also have a return or onward ticket.

CONTACT INFORMATION: You may need to list this contact info on your visa application and immigration form:

COST OF A VISA: $50. Bring a $50 bill from 2005 or later to pay for a tourist visa at the airport. (Older bills are often not accepted).

VOLUNTEERS UNDER 18 YEARS OF AGE To prevent international child abduction, many governments have procedures at entry and exit points to protect minors. Thus, if a minor will be traveling with only one guardian or alone, he or she may need a notarized letter from all legal guardians stating that the he/she may travel unaccompanied or with a single guardian. If necessary, this letter must explain why only one parent or someone other than a parent is signing the letter. E.g., if one parent is deceased, only one parent has legal guardianship, or someone other than the parents are legal guardians, the letter should state that. Airlines may also have documentation requirements for unaccompanied minors, e.g., a birth certificate or a notarized letter like the one described above.

IMPORTANT: Requirements of specific countries and airlines vary and change frequently. You must keep informed of the requirements on your own to avoid problems at immigration. If a minor is refused entry into a country or onto a flight because of lack of documentation, there is nothing Earthwatch can do to help.

PASSPORTS AND VISAS



http://www.travisa.com


ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS All participants must be able, independently or with the assistance of a companion, to:

q Follow verbal and/or visual instructions

q Enjoy being outdoors all day in all types of weather, including rain, heat, and humidity, in the potential presence of insects, snakes, and other wild animals

q Hike up to four kilometers per day over uneven mountain terrain while carrying about 10 kg of equipment

q Collect data (images, samples, etc.) and search for animal signs (scat, tracks) on the ground while moving over uneven terrain and steering clear of obstacles such as animal holes and sharp branches

q Get low enough to the ground for extended periods of time to measure plants, collect samples, and access camera and hair traps

q Carry personal daily supplies such as lunch, water, and some small field equipment

q Get up into and down out of a four-wheel-drive vehicle, minibus, or car and ride, seated with seatbelt fastened

q Be alert and ready to take evasive action (running quickly, returning to the project vehicle, lying flat on the ground, depending on the situation) if the guard advises it (e.g. if there is dangerous wildlife close by)

GENERAL CONDITIONSThe information that follows is as accurate as possible, but please keep in mind that conditions may change.

OPC receives 700 milliliters of rainfall per year, falling primarily in April, August, and November. The climate is hot during the day and cool at night.

PROJECT CONDITIONSTHE FIELD ENVIRONMENT

Conditions from June through Septmember:

HUMIDITY: 72–86%

TEMPERATURE RANGE: 10–15 °C

ALTITUDE: 2000 m above sea level

RAINFALL: 75mL/month

CONDITIONS


POTENTIAL HAZARDS

Hazard Type Associated Risks and Precautions

Transportation We may encounter poor road conditions and landslides. Only qualified drivers will transport volunteers in project vehicles; we ensure project vehicles are well maintained. Seatbelts must be worn at all times. Volunteers are not permitted to drive.

Walking/Hiking/Climbing

You’ll likely traverse uneven terrain and hike uphill in humid tropical conditions; there’s a risk of sprains, strains, or breaks due to falling or tripping. You should never walk ahead of the guide, and should follow the guide’s instructions. Wear appropriate footwear while hiking.

Animals/Plants Many potentially dangerous animals are present in the area, including rhinos, several venomous snake species (cobra, mamba, puff adder), lions, buffalos, hippos, baboons, chimpanzees, leopards, scorpions, and elephants. Risks and precautions will be discussed on site. Those with phobias of wildlife (including arachnids and reptiles), should reconsider their participation.

There are also two species of ticks in the area: small red “pepper” ticks and larger black ones. The large black ticks are vectors for tick bite fever. Bring long pants and high boots, and use insect repellent with 20% DEET or more (100% is not necessary).

Climate/Weather Dehydration, heat exhaustion, sunburn, and other heat-related illnesses can occur, but you can protect yourself by drinking sufficient water, wearing high-SPF sunscreen, and wearing appropriate clothing. Dehydration from sweating can be a problem; please bring your own water bottles that you can easily carry and refill them with electrolyte-replacing packets.

Because of the high humidity, people who use a hearing aid device may find it doesn’t work properly. Consider purchasing a hearing aid dehumidifier.

High Altitude Good physical fitness (primarily cardiovascular health) can help prevent altitude sickness; however, even some people in great physical condition can experience negative effects from high altitude. Volunteers should stay hydrated as much as possible.

Personal Security In Nairobi, as in many large cities, robbery and violent crime are serious issues. It is wise to take sensible precautions: travel through the city in pairs or groups, avoid displays of money or valuables, take taxis, and avoid traveling alone, especially when going out at night.

Terrorism is also an ongoing threat in Kenya; several bomb attacks have attacks have occurred in Nairobi and the Mombasa region in 2013. Exercise caution and always be vigilant especially in major cities, and avoid travel near border regions with Somalia, South Sudan, and Ethiopia.

When in public areas, particularly tourist destinations, do not flaunt money or valuables and be aware of your surroundings and belongings at all times. Leave unnecessary valuables at home.

The project site is secure, but avoid areas designated as off limits by project staff.

Distance from Medical Care

It may take 6 hours or more to arrange transport and reach the hospital. If you have a chronic condition which could require immediate medical care (e.g., heart conditions, kidney problems, severe asthma, etc.), or if you are pregnant, please discuss your participation on this expedition with your physician.


A few notes on vaccinations and treatment:

• MENINGITIS: Only the far northwestern part of Kenya is considered part of the meningitis belt; therefore,vaccination is not necessary for the project, but is recommended if you intend to travel to other parts of the country.

• RABIES: Rabies is present in Kenya, but exposure to rabies is very unlikely at the project site. Volunteers are advised to avoid contact with local dogs and cats and to speak with their physician about whether the rabies vaccine is recommended given the length of their stay in country and other activities they might be undertaking.

EMERGENCIES IN THE FIELD Physician, nurse, or EMT on staff: Project staff members are not medical professionals.

STAFF CERTIFIED IN SAFETY TRAINING: Caroline Ng’weno

NEAREST MEDICAL CARE: Cottage Hospital in Nanyuki is two hours away. The nearest full hospital in Nairobi is at least five hours away.

ROUTINE IMMUNIZATIONSAll volunteers should have the following up-to-date immunizations: DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus), polio, MMR (measles, mumps, rubella), and varicella (if you have not already had chicken pox). Please be sure your tetanus shot is current.

Medical decisions are the responsibility of each volunteer and his or her doctor, and the following are recommendations only. Earthwatch can only provide details regarding suggested vaccinations, and we are not a medical organization.

ADVICE REGARDING DISEASESDiseases found in South Africa include malaria, dengue fever, filariasis, leishmaniasis, onchocerciasis, African tick bite fever, trypanosomiasis, schistosomiasis, tuberculosis, and HIV. Traveler’s diarrhea also affects many international travelers.

You can decrease your risk of many diseases by avoiding mosquito bites, practicing good hygiene, and drinking only bottled or filtered water when appropriate. Please see the CDC (cdc.gov) or WHO (who.int) websites for more information on these conditions and how to avoid them.

If you feel ill once you return from your trip, make sure you inform your doctor that you have recently returned from a tropical region.

SAFETYHEALTH INFORMATION

PROJECT VACCINATIONS

REQUIRED: If traveling from countries or region where yellow fever is endemic, you must have a certificate of vaccination.

RECOMMENDED FOR HEALTH REASONS: Typhoid, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, rabies

http://www.cdc.gov

http://www.who.int


INSURANCE Travel insurance is included in the contribution you pay to Earthwatch. The insurance covers your travel medical risks, including medical expenses and emergency medical evacuation, while you are traveling. It also provides trip cancellation insurance and baggage and personal money insurance. It does not provide personal liability insurance. Earthwatch’s insurance is applicable during travel to and from the expedition site and the duration of the expedition, but does not apply to detours for personal vacations made on the same trip. This insurance policy is secondary to your existing health insurance policy.

For more information, please see earthwatch.org/expeditions/travel-insurance. Refer any queries regarding Earthwatch’s travel policy to our insurance liaison at +1 (978) 450-1222 or [email protected].

If you booked through Earthwatch Australia, please contact them at +61 (0) 9016 7590 or [email protected] for any queries.

EMERGENCY MEDICAL AND EVACUATION ASSISTANCEFor emergency assistance in the field, please contact Earthwatch’s 24-hour emergency hotline number highlighted in the box. You may also contact our assistance provider, Healix International, at the number highlighted in the event of a medical or evacuation emergency or for routine medical and travel advice, such as advice on visas and vaccine requirements.

EARTHWATCH’S 24-HOUR EMERGENCY HOTLINE (OUTSIDE AUSTRALIA)

Call Earthwatch’s 24-hour on-call duty officer in the U.S.:

+1 (978) 461-0081 +1 (800) 776-0188 (toll-free for calls placed from within the U.S.)

HEALIX INTERNATIONAL:

+44-20-3667-8991 (collect calls and reverse charges accepted)

U.S. TOLL FREE: +1-877-759 3917 U.K. FREE PHONE: 0-800-19-5180 EMAIL: [email protected]

EARTHWATCH’S 24-HOUR EMERGENCY HOTLINE (WITHIN AUSTRALIA):

+61-0-3-8508-5537

After business hours, leave a message with our live answering service. State that you have an emergency and give the name of your expedition, your name, the location from which you are calling, and if possible, a phone number where you can be reached. An Earthwatch staff person will respond to your call within one hour.

http://earthwatch.org/expeditions/travel-insurance

http://earthwatch.org/expeditions/travel-insurance





JACOB GOHEEN, a professor at the University of Wyoming, is an animal ecologist with broad research interests in community dynamics and structure, animal-plant interactions, and conservation biology. He enjoys linking theory with data, and strives to address important ecological concepts while remaining grounded in empiricism. He has long-standing professional and personal interests in the ecology, conservation, and natural history of mammals. Teams: 1 and 2.

MARTIN MULAMA is a conservation biologist currently pursuing a Ph.D. from Moi University in Kenya. He previously worked for the Kenya Wildlife Service where, in his final six years, he was the senior scientist heading the National Rhino Programme. Martin has specialist training in many aspects of natural resource conservation and management. He joined the Ol Pejeta Conservancy as the chimpanzee sanctuary manager and technical advisor in March 2006, and was promoted to the position of chief conservation officer in October 2010. Teams: 3 and 4.

CAROLINE NG’WENO has worked as a wildlife conservationist at Ol Pejeta Conservancy for five years. Her research interests span a broad range of topics focusing on the ecology of African savannas, particularly predator-prey interactions, human-wildlife co-existence, and the advancement of human livelihoods and quality of life through education. She aspires to foster appreciation for wildlife by local communities through education, outreach, and by developing science-based solutions to guide conservation actions for the benefit of nature and human welfare. Teams: 1–5.

SIVA SUNDARESAN is a postdoctoral researcher for the Denver Zoological Foundation and the Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Department at Princeton University. He received his Ph.D. from Princeton University in January, 2007. Siva is interested in the movements and population dynamics of endangered large mammals. Recently, he identified a significant effect of livestock presence on Grevy’s zebra locations: Grevy’s tend to stay away from active livestock corrals. His current research investigates why this is so and ways that people might reduce their impact on Grevy’s zebra. Teams: 1 and 2.

NOTE: Staff schedules are subject to change.

PROJECT STAFFYOUR RESOURCES IN THE FIELD


RECOMMENDED READINGYOUR RESOURCES AT HOME

BOOKS• Ryszard Kapuscinski, The Shadow of the Sun

• Paul Theroux, Dark Star Safari by Theroux

FIELD GUIDES• Jonathan Kingdon, Field Guide to African Mammals

• Dale A. Zimmerman et al, Birds of Kenya and Northern Tanzania

• Richard D. Estes et al, The Behavior Guide to African Mammals

PROJECT-RELATED WEBSITES• olpejetaconservancy.org/

• goheenresearchgroup.com/index.php/research-group/item/caroline-ngweno.html?category_id=1

EARTHWATCH SOCIAL MEDIAGet to know EarthWatch better at:

• FACEBOOK: facebook.com/Earthwatch

• YOUTUBE: youtube.com/earthwatchinstitute

• TWITTER: twitter.com/earthwatch_org

RESOURCES

http://olpejetaconservancy.org/

http://goheenresearchgroup.com/index.php/research-group/item/caroline-ngweno.html?category_id=1

http://goheenresearchgroup.com/index.php/research-group/item/caroline-ngweno.html?category_id=1

http://facebook.com/Earthwatch

http://youtube.com/earthwatchinstitute

http://twitter.com/earthwatch_org


This document contains important information concerning Earthwatch Institute policies and participant rights and responsibilities for inclusion in an Earthwatch expedition. Please read this document thoroughly and sign the Liability Release section of your Earthwatch Participation Form to indicate that you understand and accept the risks inherent to your expedition and the policies, rights, and responsibilities enumerated in this document. You will not be permitted to participate in an expedition until Earthwatch has received the signed release form.

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSIt is permissible to share photos, videos, and stories of your expedition with family, friends, local media, and in a public forum. Sharing your new perspectives and experiences is welcomed and encouraged.

However, please recognize that all information, data, and images shared or gathered in the course of your expedition’s field work become the intellectual property of the Earthwatch scientist. Co-opting or plagiarism of data, images, or information gathered during an expedition for use in a scientific thesis, master’s, or PhD work, or for profit or for the academic or business use of a third party without the permission of the Earthwatch scientist is strictly prohibited. Please be aware that data gathered during the interviewing of local people become the intellectual property of the Earthwatch scientist. Earthwatch scientists have the right to place additional restrictions on your ability to share data or certain research-related images.

PARTICIPANT RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES

Conversely, an Earthwatch scientist may give written permission to use data and images for academic or profitable activity. Please be sure to ask what is acceptable to the Earthwatch scientist.

Fellows or scholarship recipients are sometimes required to submit a written report reflecting what they have learned on a project, sometimes as a step toward developing a curriculum. Earthwatch scientists have the right but not the obligation to review and edit materials involving information gathered on one of their expeditions.

DISCRIMINATIONEarthwatch does not discriminate on the basis of race, religion, ethnicity, national origin, gender, sexual orientation, or any other reason prohibited by applicable law and respects participants’ right to privacy. However, you must be aware that local laws in countries in which Earthwatch operates may not be antidiscriminatory and that the possibility exists that local residents may not have an awareness of preferred practice regarding discrimination.

Discrimination on the basis of race, religion, ethnicity, national origin, gender, or sexual orientation will not be tolerated on Earthwatch teams. Disruptive behavior or verbal, physical, or any other type of abuse or harassment will also not be tolerated. Violation of Earthwatch’s nondiscrimination policy is grounds for expulsion from the program without a refund.

INTIMATE RELATIONSHIPSEarthwatch scientists, their staff, their colleagues, and their associates are prohibited from becoming romantically involved with participants during the entire duration of the period that the team is in the field. Romantic relationships that may otherwise seem permissible may eventually create an unpleasant or unproductive work environment and are therefore prohibited for the duration of an Earthwatch project.

SEXUAL HARASSMENTPlease recognize that the relationship that exists between Earthwatch scientists and staff and participants is analogous to the student-teacher relationship. Therefore, please be aware of the following policies.


Sexual harassment of participants by the Earthwatch scientist or Earthwatch staff is prohibited. Likewise, sexual harassment of other participants, Earthwatch field staff, or local people by participants is also prohibited.

Sexual harassment infringes on an individual’s right to an environment free from unsolicited and unwelcome sexual overtones of conduct either verbal or physical. Sexual harassment does not mean occasional compliments of a socially acceptable nature.

Sexual harassment refers to conduct which is offensive, which harms morale, or which interferes with the effectiveness of Earthwatch expedition teams; such conduct is prohibited. Lewd or vulgar remarks, suggestive comments, displaying derogatory posters, cartoons, or drawings, pressure for dates or sexual favors, and unacceptable physical contact or exposure are examples of what can constitute harassment. No one should be touched in areas that would be covered by a bathing suit. It is important to realize that what may not be offensive to you may be offensive to participants, the local population, or Earthwatch field staff.

Any individual who feels subjected to sexual harassment or has any knowledge of such behavior should report it at once to the Earthwatch scientist, Field Team Leader, or other Earthwatch staff member. The Earthwatch scientist or Field Team Leader will notify Earthwatch when an accusation of sexual harassment or abuse is made or when such conduct is witnessed.

All reports of sexual harassment will be handled with discretion and will be promptly and thoroughly investigated. Any participant who is found to have engaged in conduct constituting sexual harassment will be removed from the expedition at his or her own expense. If a minor is involved in allegations of sexual harassment, his or her parents or guardians will be contacted.

DRUGSLaws on drug use in most countries are severe and may impose lengthy prison terms or the death penalty. The manufacture, possession, use, purchase, or sale of illegal drugs or other illegal substances while on an Earthwatch expedition is strictly prohibited. Prescription drugs may only be purchased and used by the individual indicated on the prescription in keeping with their intended use guidelines.

ALCOHOL Local statutes, customs, practices, ordinances, and regulations with regard to the use, possession, sale, or purchase of alcohol are applicable to all participants and project staff on Earthwatch expeditions. Participants and project staff on Earthwatch expeditions must comply with the law of the country in which a project is located regarding the minimum age required to consume alcohol. In addition, restriction on the use, possession, sale, or purchase of alcohol may be set by the Earthwatch scientist. Any restrictions on the consumption of alcohol should be clearly outlined by the project staff in the on-site briefing to participants at the start of the project and in the expedition briefing.


Consumption or possession of alcohol or smoking is not permitted on any Earthwatch Teen Team, regardless of local law.

Excessive consumption of alcohol by staff or participants is not acceptable on any Earthwatch project. Intoxication can jeopardize personal safety, in addition to the safety of the team. It can also cause delay and hinder response in the event of a crisis or emergency situation.

Earthwatch staff and the Earthwatch scientist have the discretion to remove individuals from the project who consume alcohol in a time and manner that endanger the safety and/or productivity of the expedition.

MINORSEarthwatch considers participants less than eighteen (18) years of age to be minors. Minors are not permitted to participate on any of Earthwatch’s standard teams unless accompanied by a parent or legal guardian, in which case the minimum age is fifteen (15). Guardians accompanying minors on standard teams must be 21 years of age or over. Minors on standard teams do not receive additional guidance or supervision from Earthwatch beyond what is offered to the adult participants. The total number of minors on standard teams may be limited on a project by project basis; this will be noted in the expedition briefing. A maximum of two minors may accompany each parent or guardian on a standard or Family Team. Earthwatch has

developed teams specifically for 15-, 16- and 17-year-olds (“Teen Teams”) as well as teams specifically for families (“Family Teams”) with children as young as 10 years. These teams focus on the same research activities and have the same expectations as our regular teams, but with more facilitation and support. Exceptions for some projects may be made at the discretion of Earthwatch and the Earthwatch scientist. Due to a more in-depth screening process for certain programs that select candidates based on school year rather than age, there may be 18-year-olds fielding on the same team as 15-, 16- and 17-year-olds. Please be aware that some Earthwatch projects do not allow participation by minors in any circumstance.

PARTICIPANTS AND DRIVINGParticipants are not allowed to drive project vehicles (including motorcycles or all terrain vehicles) or aircraft during an expedition. In select circumstances, participants may be able to drive boats under the direct supervision by project staff. These circumstances are predetermined by project staff in collaboration with Earthwatch. Participants must respect the restrictions for boat driving in place for each project.

If a project environment is such that participants can drive their own vehicles to the rendezvous, those who have driven themselves to the project may not drive their own vehicles to, from, or for project activities, including the transport of project equipment after arriving at the site.


Participants who have driven themselves to the project may choose to utilize their own vehicles during recreational time, but project staff will brief them on any driving restrictions. All driving during recreational time is done at your own risk.

Please be advised that the only exception to the above driving restrictions is emergency situations.

Riding in other participants’ vehicles is not covered under the participants’ insurance policy for the expedition. Riding in another participant’s vehicle is done at a participant’s own risk.

IN THE EVENT OF AN EMERGENCYIn the event of emergencies, judgments must be made by Earthwatch field staff and participants. While Earthwatch makes an effort to ensure that qualified people make the most informed decisions possible, occasionally first aid may be administered and other immediate steps taken by expedition participants who are not licensed medical providers.

Each Earthwatch expedition has safety protocols and emergency procedures in place. Earthwatch encourages team members (the field staff and participants) to exercise their best judgment with regard to their own safety and the safety of other team members. Other participants may perform “Good Samaritan” actions, or actions taken to assist fellow participants during emergency situations in the field. However, Earthwatch does not encourage or expect you to jeopardize your own safety or that of others in attempting to rescue or assist your fellow team members.

RIGHT OF REFUSALEarthwatch reserves the right to refuse an applicant’s participation in an Earthwatch project at any time and to terminate any work being done by a participant and require the participant to vacate the project site if the Earthwatch scientist, Field Team Leader, or other Earthwatch staff member in his or her absolute discretion considers it appropriate. In this event, the participant (and his or her parents or guardians, if appropriate) will be responsible for arranging and paying for any accommodation, travel, or other arrangements which may be necessary following the termination of a participant’s involvement in a project, for whatever reason, and will not be eligible for a refund.

Earthwatch may not refuse an applicant’s participation in a project for discriminatory reasons (race, religion, ethnicity, national origin, gender, sexual orientation, or any other reason prohibited by applicable law). However, an application may be denied in the interest of team compatibility or due to logistical limitations. Earthwatch will make reasonable efforts to accommodate participants with disabilities, and the organization endeavors to find appropriate expeditions for those participants who have physical limitations. Refusal of an applicant is an unusual event and is generally done either because of an applicant’s failure to meet the essential eligibility requirements of a particular project or in the interest of team compatibility. In the event that an applicant is refused participation for health reasons, Earthwatch will refund in full any deposit or payment made toward the expedition.

Earthwatch scientists have the right to refuse special requests, such as visits by media (film, photography, or print), special groups, or teams (students, donors, etc.), if they conflict with Earthwatch scientist schedules, safety, research objectives, or general performance of the team.

Any participant found in violation of any of the policies described in this document (“Participant Rights and Responsibilities”) is subject to removal from the team at his or her own expense. By signing the Liability Release section of your Earthwatch Participation Form, you are indicating that you have read and understand the policies in this document. Removal of a participant from a team is at the discretion of the Earthwatch scientist, Field Team Leader, or other Earthwatch staff. In addition, Earthwatch will support the right of the Earthwatch scientist, Field Team Leader, or other Earthwatch staff to send a participant away from a project once in the field should his or her behavior compromise the safety, research objectives, or general performance of the team, or if the participant has violated a stated policy. In the event that a minor is dismissed from a project, Earthwatch will contact the participant’s parents or guardians prior to his or her dismissal. Should a participant be removed from a team, he or she is responsible for any and all costs associated with departure from the team and will receive neither refund of the minimum contribution for the expedition nor any expenses incurred by participation on the expedition.

(November 2012)


COMMUNICATIONSCONTACT INFORMATION

EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS In emergencies, volunteers and staff can be contacted in the field through cellphones, email, and field radios.

The 24-hour duty officer number at Earthwatch in the U.S. is +1 (978) 461-0081 or +1 (800) 776-0188 (see the box for calling instructions).

PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS Earthwatch encourages volunteers to minimize outgoing calls and immerse themselves in the experience; likewise, family and friends should restrict calls to urgent messages only.

VOLUNTEER CONTACT INFO

EARTHWATCH’S 24-HOUR EMERGENCY HOTLINE (OUTSIDE AUSTRALIA)

Call Earthwatch’s 24-hour on-call duty officer in the U.S.:

+1 (978) 461-0081 +1 (800) 776-0188 (toll-free for calls placed from within the U.S.)

HEALIX INTERNATIONAL:

+44-20-3667-8991 (collect calls and reverse charges accepted)

U.S. TOLL FREE: +1-877-759 3917 U.K. FREE PHONE: 0-800-19-5180 EMAIL: [email protected]

EARTHWATCH’S 24-HOUR EMERGENCY HOTLINE (WITHIN AUSTRALIA):

+61-0-3-8508-5537

After business hours, leave a message with our live answering service. State that you have an emergency and give the name of your expedition, your name, the location from which you are calling, and if possible, a phone number where you can be reached. An Earthwatch staff person will respond to your call within one hour.




MESSAGE FROM EARTHWATCHDEAR EARTHWATCHER,

Thank you for joining this expedition! We greatly appreciate your decision to contribute to hands-on environmental science and conservation.

As an Earthwatch volunteer, you have the opportunity to create positive change. And while you’re out in the field working toward that change, we are committed to caring for your safety. Although risk is an inherent part of the environments in which we work, we’ve been providing volunteer field experiences with careful risk management and diligent planning for over 40 years. You’re in good hands.

We hope this expedition will inspire you to get more involved in conservation and sustainable development priorities— not just out in the field, but also when you return home. We encourage you to share your experiences with others, and to transfer your skills and enthusiasm to environmental conservation efforts in your workplace, community, and home.

If you have questions as you prepare for your expedition, contact your Earthwatch office. Thank you for your support, and enjoy your expedition!

Sincerely,

Larry Mason President and CEO

Earthwatch U.S. 114 Western Ave. Boston, MA 02134United States

[email protected] earthwatch.org

Phone: 1-978-461-0081 Toll-Free: 1-800-776-0188 Fax: 1-978-461-2332

Earthwatch Europe Mayfield House 256 Banbury Rd. Oxford, OX2 7DE United Kingdom


Phone: 44-0-1865-318-838 Fax: 44-0-1865-311-383

Earthwatch Australia 126 Bank St. South Melbourne, VIC 3205 Australia


Phone: 61-0-3-9016-7590 Fax: 61-0-3-9686-3652

Earthwatch Japan Food Science Bldg. 4F The University of Tokyo 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8657, Japan


Phone: 81-0-3-6686-0300 Fax: 81-0-3-6686-0477









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