earth’s physical geography chapter 2. lesson 1 objectives learn about earth’s movement in...

Earth’s Physical Earth’s Physical GeographyGeography

Chapter 2Chapter 2

Lesson 1 ObjectivesLesson 1 Objectives

• Learn about Earth’s movement in relation to the sun.

• Explore seasons and latitude.

Earth and the SunEarth and the Sun

• Earth, the sun, the planets, and the stars in the sky are part of a galaxy, or family of stars.

• Our galaxy is the Milky Way

• Earth orbits around the sun.– The path one body makes as it

circles around another.

• It takes 365 ¼ days to complete one revolution.– A circular motion.

Understanding Days and NightsUnderstanding Days and Nights

• The Earth also turns around an axis.– An imaginary line

running through Earth between the North and South poles.

– Each rotation, or complete turn, takes about 24 hours.

Time ZonesTime Zones

• The Earth is divided into 24 times zones.– Time zones are one

hour apart.

• The sun rises in the east, so the day starts earlier in the east.

Seasons and LatitudeSeasons and Latitude

• Spring equinox– March 21– Sun is directly over the

Equator

• Summer solstice– June 21– Sun directly over the

Tropic of Cancer

• Autumnal equinox– September 23– Sun directly over the

Equator

• Winter solstice– December 21– Sun directly over the

Tropic of Capricorn

The Revolution of EarthThe Revolution of Earth

LatitudesLatitudes

• Low latitudes– Areas between the Tropic of

Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn

• Middle latitudes– Areas between the low

latitudes and high latitudes– Also called temperate zones

• High latitudes– Areas above the Arctic Circle

and below the Antarctic Circle– Also called polar zones


• Learn about Earth’s movement in relation to the sun.

• Explore seasons and latitude.

• ASSIGNMENT!!!


• Learn about the planet Earth.

• Explore the forces inside Earth.

• Explore the forces on Earth’s surface.

What Is What Is EarthEarth Made Of? Made Of?

• The Core– A sphere of very hot metal at the

center of Earth

• The Mantle– A thick, hot, rocky layer around

the core

• The Crust– The thin layer of rock and

minerals that surrounds the mantle

Water and AirWater and Air

• Air– Oxygen to people and

animals– Carbon dioxide to plants

• Water– Covers 70% of the Earth’s

surface• 97% of water is salt water • 3% is fresh water

Forces Inside EarthForces Inside Earth

• Volcanoes– Intense heat causes rock to rise

toward the surface– Magma

• Soft, nearly molten rock

• Earthquakes– When two plates push together,

the crust cracks and splinters from the pressure

– Plates• Huge blocks of Earth’s crust

Forces on Earth’s SurfaceForces on Earth’s Surface

• Weathering– A process that breaks rocks

down into tiny pieces– Caused by water, ice, and

living things

• Erosion– The removal of small pieces

of rock– Caused by water, ice, and

wind


• Learn about the planet Earth.

• Explore the forces inside Earth.

• Explore the forces on Earth’s surface.

• ASSIGNMENT!!!


• Learn about weather and climate.

• Explore latitude, landforms, and precipitation.

• Discover how oceans affect climate.

Weather or Climate?Weather or Climate?

• Weather

– Condition of the air and sky from day to day

– What people see from day to day

• Climate

– The average weather over many years

– What usually happens from year to year

WeatherWeather

• Weather is mainly measure by two things:

– Precipitation• Water that falls to the ground as rain, sleet, hail, or

snow

– Temperature• How hot or cold the air is

Why Climates VaryWhy Climates Vary

• Climate depends on location

– Places in the low latitudes have hot climates because they get direct sunlight.

– Places in the high latitudes have cold climates because their sunlight is indirect.

– Mountains also affect climates.

Oceans and CurrentsOceans and Currents

Cooling and Warming EffectsCooling and Warming Effects

• Water takes longer to heat or cool than land.

• In summer, a region near an ocean or lake will be cool than an inland area.

• In the winter, places near lakes and oceans are warmer than inland areas

Raging StormsRaging Storms

• Tropical cyclones– Intense wind and rain storms

that form over oceans in the tropics

• Hurricanes– Tropical storms that form over

the Atlantic Ocean

• Tornadoes

• Blizzards


• Learn about weather and climate.

• Explore latitude, landforms, and precipitation.

• Discover how oceans affect climate.

• ASSIGNMENT!!!


• Investigate the relationship between climate and vegetation.

• Explore Earth’s vegetation regions.

• Study vertical climate zones.

Climate and VegetationClimate and Vegetation

• Five broad types of climates:– Tropical– Dry– Temperate marine– Temperate continental– Polar

• Based on vegetation– Plants that grow in a region

ClimatesClimates

• Tropical– Tropical wet – year-round

rainfall– Tropical dry – one rainy

season, one dry season

• Dry– Very hot summers, mild

winters, very little rain

• Temperate Continental– Summers are hot, winters

can be very cold

• Temperate Marine– Mediterranean– Marine west coast– Humid subtropical

• Polar– Cold all year long– Tundra – an area near the

Arctic Circle with cold climate and low-lying vegetation

Earth’s Vegetation RegionsEarth’s Vegetation Regions

• Tropical Rain Forest

• Tropical Savanna

• Desert

• Desert Scrub

• Mediterranean Vegetation

• Temperate Grassland

• Deciduous Forest

• Coniferous and Mixed Forest

• Tundra

• Highland

• Ice Cap and Pack Ice

Vertical Climate ZonesVertical Climate Zones

• Mountains have vertical climate zones– Climate and vegetation

depend on elevation.– The higher you go, the

colder it gets.– The higher you go, the

less vegetation you see.


• Investigate the relationship between climate and vegetation.

• Explore Earth’s vegetation regions.

• Study vertical climate zones.

• ASSIGNMENT!!!

earth’s physical geography chapter 2. lesson 1 objectives learn about earth’s movement in...

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