earthmoving equipment
DESCRIPTION
Earthmoving Equipment best noteTRANSCRIPT
Earthmoving Equipment
Earthmoving Equipment
• Definition: a mobile, power-propelled vehicle designed to carry, dig, spread, or move earth or material. – Backhoes – Dozers – Excavators – Skidsteers – Loaders
Common Causes of Fatalities
• Roll-overs • Worker struck by equipment • Struck by material • Electrocution • Burn
Causes of Injuries
• Climbing on/off • Worker struck by equipment • Roll-over • Struck by material • Burn • Electrocution
Equipment Requirements
• Equipment left at night by a highway must have lights.
• Split rims – must use tire cage for repair • If equipment is lifted, it must be supported by
blocks/cribbing. • Parking brakes must be on all machines • Cab glass must be safety and clear
Motor Vehicle Requirements
• Equipment must have brakes-parking, service, and emergency
• Equipment must have lights if needed • Equipment must have brake lights • Equipment must have audible warning (horn) • If traveling in reverse, a back-up alarm is
needed.
Motor Vehicle Requirements
• Cab glass must be safety and clear • Tools must be secured in cab • Seats for operators on, no riders • Seatbelts on all machines • Vehicle inspections shall be done daily
Material Handling Equipment
• Earthmoving equipment: – Seatbelts required – Only accessible roadways and grades shall be
utilized – Bi-directions equipment must have horn – Scissor points on equipment must be guarded
Material Handling Equipment
• Excavating and other equipment: – Seatbelt required – Must meet Automotive Engineering requirements – Must meet Power Crane and Shovel requirements
Site Clearing
• Operators must have protection from irritant and toxic plants
• Roll-over Protection Structure: – Overhead protection required. Do not operate
equipment if ROPS is missing, damaged or modified without manufacturer’s approval
– Rear opening in cab required
Manuals
• All equipment should be equipped with operator’s and safety manuals.
• Trainees must familiarize with the manuals before operating.
• Manuals are usually located in cab. • Contact dealer or distributor for lost or
damaged manuals.
ID Plates
• Located on the equipment, the manufacturer’s ID plate usually contains: – Weight of machine – Serial number – Engine information
Safety Symbols
• Danger-most serious, could cause fatality • Warning-less serious, but could cause injury • Caution-be careful
• Read all safety decals.
Personal Protective Equipment
Employees shall always wear proper PPE: • Hard Hats, depending upon conditions• Safety Glasses• Foot Protection• Hearing Protection• Proper Clothing• Dust Mask, depending upon conditions
Personal Protective Equipment
• Employees should always know where to find: • Emergency assistance • First-aid kits • Fire extinguishers
Utility Location
• Always locate utilities before digging. Local programs can provide assistance.
• Tragedies can happen in seconds when utility lines are severed.
• Never assume utility lines are dead.
Road Travel
• Use of public roads for equipment should be avoided if at all possible.
• An escort vehicle is recommended. • Check local laws for rules and regulations for
equipment on the road.
Worksite Inspections
• Before operating equipment on a worksite, always inspect for: – Surface conditions, included slope hazards – Worker activity – Drop-offs, unleveled surfaces – Material obstructions – Wind, rain – Powerline hazards – Material hazards
Equipment Inspections
• Before using equipment, always inspect: – Bucket/boom – Tires, tracks – Brakes, steering – Controls – Safety devices – Stabilizers/outriggers – ROPS
Malfunctions
• Do not ever change a tire on equipment unless you are authorized.
• Damaged or malfunctioning equipment should be tagged and taken out of use.
Backhoe Traveling
• Watch for pedestrians • Keep bucket low and tilted • Drive slowly • Keep clear of edges and banks • Watch for overhead obstructions • Sound horn at corners, intersections, blind
spots • No riders
Backhoe Traveling
• Avoid slopes if at all possible • Travel straight up and down slopes • Loaded bucket
– Travel forward uphill, reverse downhill • Unloaded bucket
– Travel reverse uphill, forward downhill
Backhoe Loading • Know bucket capacity • Never lift a worker in a bucket • Keep on level work surfaces, avoid loading on
slopes • Make sure load is stable • Never allow anyone under or near a load,
especially the swing pivot area • Never swing bucket over a cab • Be aware of slipping near trenches, edges
Backhoe Digging
• Locate utilities FIRST • Then get machine ready to dig
– Engage parking brake – Set front bucket on ground – Lower outriggers on a firm base – Level machine
• Operate controls from seat only • No workers allowed in digging area
Backhoe Digging
• Operate controls smoothly • Dig directly behind backhoe • Do not slam bucket into the ground • Do not attempt to dig more than bucket holds • Do not dig under an outrigger
Backhoe Lifting
• Know the lifting capacity • Only lift with outriggers/stabilizers down • Avoid side/lifting • Avoid swinging loads • Do not lift a load any higher than necessary • Be aware of traffic hazards if operating near
the roadway
Skidsteer
• Familiarize yourself with operator’s manual • Mount with 3 points of contact, never if lift
arms are up • Put seatbelt on, lower bar if applicable • Look for hazards, other workers • Start machine, check gauges • Familiarize with controls
Skidsteer Traveling
• Know surface capacities • Watch for overhead obstructions • Keep bucket tilted and low • Keep clear of edges and banks • Avoid slopes if possible • If you must, travel straight up and down • Loaded bucket, travel forward uphill and
reverse downhill.
Skidsteer Traveling • Unloaded bucket-travel reverse uphill, forward
downhill • Avoid sudden starts and stops • Sound horn at corners, intersections, blind
spots • Use a spotter if vision obstructed • Do not pull other equipment • Slow down when terrain is rough • No riders
Skidsteer
• Loading/Digging/Grading: – Know capacity of skidsteer – Never allow anyone near a lifted load – Make sure loads are stable – Never undercut a high bank – Keep on level work surfaces, avoid loading on
slopes – Be aware of slipping when near trenches, edges
Skidsteer
– Know location of utilities before digging – Never ram the bucket into anything – Be aware of confined spaces in loading areas – Never overload – Avoid lifting a load too high – Never leave the skidsteer with a raised load – Watch for workers and pedestrians – Slow down in tight spaces
Excavator
• Get familiar with operator’s manual • Understand basic hand signals • Make sure surface will support machine’s weight • Mount with 3 points of contact, facing machine • Keep cab free of loose debris • Adjust and connect seatbelt
Excavator
• Look for potential hazards • Make sure machine is in a well-ventilated area • Start machine, check gauges • Familiarize with controls • Allow hydraulic oil to warm up
Excavator Traveling
• Watch for workers and pedestrians • Always signal your intention to move (horn) • Keep boom/bucket low while moving • Be aware of overhead obstructions • Use a signal person when clearances are limited • Be aware of tail swing hazards • When cornering, allow for boom overhang
Excavator Traveling • Drive slowly • Keep clear of edges and banks • Sound horn at corners, intersections, blind spots • No riders • Be aware of bridge load limits • Always cross obstacles at an angle • Avoid slopes – travel straight up and down when
unavoidable • Watch for power lines
Excavator Loading • Avoid working near power lines • Never allow anyone near a load • Use outriggers if available • Make sure loads are stable • Never swing bucket over a truck cab • Avoid loading on slopes (keep tracks vertical
on slopes) • Be aware of slipping near trenches, edges
Excavator Lifting
• Know lift capacity and weight of load • Use a signal person when needed • Use appropriate rigging • Never allow anyone near a load • Make sure loads are stable, use tag lines • Keep load close to ground • Keep on level work surfaces • Never lift a person in a bucket
Excavator Digging
• Locate utilities • Lower outriggers/stabilizers • Avoid side digging • Operate controls from seat only • Never allow workers around digging area • Avoid undercutting the machine • Be aware of blind spots
Excavator Digging
• Level off work area when needed • Avoid swinging or extending the bucket in a
downhill direction • Dig at a slow, steady pace • Be aware of trench edges and drop-offs while
digging • Always wear safety vests when working near
roadways.
Dozer/Loader • Get familiar with operator’s manual • Mount with 3 points of contact, facing
machine, using handles • Cab glass must be clear, use seatbelt • Inspect tracks for rocks and/or other debris • Look for hazards, other workers • Start machine, check gauges • Familiarize with controls • Assure proper ventilation
Loader/Dozer Traveling • Always remain in seat while operating • Never use machine as a ram • Keep blade/bucket low • Sound horn for intersections, corners, blind
spots • Use signal person when needed • Be aware of hazardous weather conditions • Never us bucket or blade for a work platform
Loader/Dozer Traveling • Be aware of obstructed vision hazards • Fully inspect all equipment before operation • Tight turning areas can be dangerous • Always travel at a safe, slow speed • Cross obstacles and ditches at an angle • Avoid banks, edges and slopes • If on a steep slope, travel up and down (not
sideways). If you slide, turn in direction of the downslope.
Loader/Dozer Loading • Know the machine’s capacity • Never overload a bucket • Make sure loads are stable • Never allow anyone near a load • Avoid loading on slopes (keep tracks/tires
vertical on slopes) • Be aware of slipping when near trenches, edges • Be aware of overhead obstructions
Loader/Dozer Loading
• Avoid sudden starts/stops and sharp turns when loaded
• Try to keep loading area level • Never lift a person in the bucket • Never travel with a load lifted (keep as low as
possible) • Load from side or back
Roller Compactor
• Use 3 points of contact while climbing onto machine
• Adjust seat and mirrors (if applicable) • Engage seatbelt (if ROPS is functional) • Start compactor, familiarize with controls • Avoid all pinch-points on machine • Take all workplace hazards into consideration
Roller Compactor Operation
• Avoid slopes, drop-offs, unleveled surfaces (if unavoidable, drive straight up and down)
• Use low gear on slopes • Obey all traffic regulations when traveling on
public road • Never turn corners at high speeds • Be aware of overhead obstacles
Proper Shutdown – All Equipment • Find a flat, level parking spot • Come to complete stop • Set brake • Set in neutral (if applicable) • Lower bucket, blade, boom to the ground • Shut engine off • Cycle hydraulic controls • Remove key and apply locks
Maintenance
• Be familiar with manuals • Do proper inspections, checking for damaged
components and safety devices • Know lubrication procedures • Fluids should be kpet full • Tire/tracks should be changed regularly • Never attempt to repair unless properly trained
Batteries & Fueling
• Batteries – Know proper changing and charging techniques – Wear proper PPE – Store with proper ventilation
• Fueling – Always shut equipment off – Wear proper PPE – No smoking or open flames
Attachments
• Various attachments are available for equipment, but only use those approved by the manufacturer: – Buckets – Forks – Carpet poles – Booms – Augers – Sweepers
• This training was adapted from Safetyhead, Inc.,Earthmoving Equipment Safety Training Kit.
• You may now finish this safety training tutorial bycompleting the OSHA Assessment Quiz.