earnings and labour costs · €21.97 in q2 2012, representing an increase of 0.2% over the year....

29
€0 €300 €600 €900 €1,200 B-E F G H I J K-L M N O P Q R-S All sectors Average weekly earnings by economic sector Q1 2012 Q1 2013 NACE Rev.2 economic sector An Phríomh-Oifig Staidrimh Central Statistics Office 28 August 2013 Earnings and Labour Costs Q1 2013 (Final) Q2 2013 (Preliminary Estimates) Quarter Average Weekly Earnings Average Hourly Earnings Average Weekly Hours Hours Q2 2012 692.75 21.97 31.5 Q1 2013 692.54 22.20 31.2 Q2 2013* 695.78 22.02 31.6 Quarterly change % +0.5 -0.8 +1.3 Annual change % +0.4 +0.2 +0.3 *Preliminary Estimates Average weekly earnings 696 in Q2 2013 Preliminary estimates show that average weekly earnings were €695.78 in Q2 2013, up 0.4% from €692.75 a year earlier. Revised weekly earnings were €692.54 in Q1 2013 and showed a decrease of 0.6% over the same period in 2012. See table 1 and graph opposite. Other features of the preliminary results for Q2 2013 include: = Average hourly earnings were €22.02 in Q2 2013 compared with €21.97 in Q2 2012, representing an increase of 0.2% over the year. See table 2. = Average weekly paid hours rose to 31.6 in Q2 2013, an increase of 0.1 hours or 0.3%. See table 3. = Estimated public sector numbers stood at 377,300 in Q2 2013, a decrease of 5,400 (-1.4%) from Q2 2012 when the total number employed was 382,700. See Annex table A1. For more information contact Majella Lysaght at 021 453 5513, Margaret O'Mahony at 021 453 5216 or Brendan Curtin 021 453 5577. Published by the Central Statistics Office, Ireland. Ardee Road Skehard Road Dublin 6 Cork Ireland Ireland LoCall: 1890 313 414 (ROI) 0870 876 0256 (UK/NI) Tel: +353 1 498 4000 Tel: +353 21 453 5000 Fax: +353 1 498 4229 Fax: +353 21 453 5553 Both offices may be contacted through any of these telephone numbers. CSO on the Web: www.cso.ie and go to Labour Market and Earnings: Earnings Director General: Pádraig Dalton Enquiries: EHECS statistics Direct Dial 021 453 5513 Email: [email protected] General queries Information Section, ext 5021 Email: [email protected] ã Central Statistics Office The contents of this release may be quoted provided the source is given clearly and accurately. Reproduction for own or internal use is permitted. On-line ISSN 2009-5023 This release presents a set of final earnings results up to and including Q1 2013. Preliminary results are included for Q2 2013 but caution continues to be advised in the interpretation of trends due to the low level of response in some sectors. See Annex tables A3 and A4 for information on response levels and an analysis of preliminary versus final results.

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Page 1: Earnings and Labour Costs · €21.97 in Q2 2012, representing an increase of 0.2% over the year. See table 2. Average weekly paid hours rose to 31.6 in Q2 2013, an increase of 0.1

€0 €300 €600 €900 €1,200

B-E

F

G

H

I

J

K-L

M

N

O

P

Q

R-S

All sectors

Average weekly earnings byeconomic sector

Q1 2012 Q1 2013

NACE Rev.2economic

sector

An Phríomh-Oifig Staidrimh

Central Statistics Office

28 August 2013

Earnings and Labour CostsQ1 2013 (Final)Q2 2013 (Preliminary Estimates)

Quarter

AverageWeekly

Earnings

AverageHourly

Earnings

AverageWeekly

Hours

€ € Hours

Q2 2012 692.75 21.97 31.5

Q1 2013 692.54 22.20 31.2

Q2 2013* 695.78 22.02 31.6

Quarterly change % +0.5 -0.8 +1.3

Annual change % +0.4 +0.2 +0.3

*Preliminary Estimates

Average weekly earnings €696 in Q2 2013

Preliminary estimates show that average weekly earnings were €695.78 in Q22013, up 0.4% from €692.75 a year earlier. Revised weekly earnings were €692.54in Q1 2013 and showed a decrease of 0.6% over the same period in 2012. See table1 and graph opposite.

Other features of the preliminary results for Q2 2013 include:

� Average hourly earnings were €22.02 in Q2 2013 compared with€21.97 in Q2 2012, representing an increase of 0.2% over the year. Seetable 2.

� Average weekly paid hours rose to 31.6 in Q2 2013, an increase of 0.1hours or 0.3%. See table 3.

� Estimated public sector numbers stood at 377,300 in Q2 2013, adecrease of 5,400 (-1.4%) from Q2 2012 when the total numberemployed was 382,700. See Annex table A1.

For more information contact Majella Lysaght at 021 453 5513, Margaret

O'Mahony at 021 453 5216 or Brendan Curtin 021 453 5577.

Published by the Central Statistics Office, Ireland.

Ardee Road Skehard RoadDublin 6 CorkIreland Ireland

LoCall: 1890 313 414 (ROI)0870 876 0256 (UK/NI)

Tel: +353 1 498 4000 Tel: +353 21 453 5000Fax: +353 1 498 4229 Fax: +353 21 453 5553

Both offices may be contacted through any of thesetelephone numbers.

CSO on the Web: www.cso.ie

and go to

Labour Market and Earnings: Earnings

Director General: Pádraig Dalton

Enquiries:

EHECS statistics Direct Dial 021 453 5513Email: [email protected]

General queries Information Section, ext 5021Email: [email protected]

� Central Statistics OfficeThe contents of this release may be quoted provided thesource is given clearly and accurately. Reproduction for ownor internal use is permitted.

On-line ISSN 2009-5023

This release presents a set of final earnings results up to and including Q1 2013.Preliminary results are included for Q2 2013 but caution continues to be advisedin the interpretation of trends due to the low level of response in some sectors.See Annex tables A3 and A4 for information on response levels and an analysis of

preliminary versus final results.

Page 2: Earnings and Labour Costs · €21.97 in Q2 2012, representing an increase of 0.2% over the year. See table 2. Average weekly paid hours rose to 31.6 in Q2 2013, an increase of 0.1

J G R-S K-L B-E Total M H N F O P Q I

4 year % Change +11 +8 +4 +4 +2 -1 -1 -2 -2 -3 -5 -5 -7 -11

-15

-10

-5

+0

+5

+10

+15

%Average weekly earnings by sector Q2 2009 and Q2 2013

Average weekly earnings rise in 6 of the 13 sectors inyear to Q2 2013

Across the economic sectors average weekly earnings increased in 6 of the 13

sectors in the year to Q2 2013, with the largest percentage increase in the

Construction sector (+9.5%) from €655.99 to €718.18. The largest percentage

sectoral decrease in weekly earnings was recorded in the Accommodation and food

services sector (-2.2%) from €312.35 to €305.57. See table 1.

In the four years to Q2 2013 average weekly earnings across individual sectors

show changes ranging between -10.9% for the Accommodation and food services

sector from €342.78 to €305.57 and +11.3% for the Information and

communication sector from €917.83 to €1,021.98. See table 1 and graph below.

Weekly earnings in the private sector increased by 1.0% in the year to Q2 2013

compared with an increase of 1.3% in the public sector (including semi-state

sector) over the same period, bringing average weekly earnings in Q2 2013 to

€623.17 and €928.76 respectively. In the four years to Q2 2013 public sector

earnings have fallen by €17.30 (-1.8%), and this compares with an increase of

€5.10 (+0.8%) in private sector average weekly earnings in the same period. See

table 1 graph opposite.

2

Total All sectors K-L Financial, insurance and real estate

B-E Industry M Professional, scientific and technical

F N Administrative and support services

G O

H Transportation and storage P Education

I Accommodation and food services Q Human health and social work

J Information and communication R-S Arts, entertainment, recreation and other

service activities

Key to NACE sectors

Construction

Wholesale and retail trade; repair of

motor vehicles and motorcycles

Public administration and defence

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1,000

Q2 09 Q2 10 Q2 11 Q2 12 Q213

€Average weekly earnings by

public/private sector

Private sector Public sector All sectors

Page 3: Earnings and Labour Costs · €21.97 in Q2 2012, representing an increase of 0.2% over the year. See table 2. Average weekly paid hours rose to 31.6 in Q2 2013, an increase of 0.1

29.0

29.5

30.0

30.5

31.0

31.5

32.0

32.5

33.0

< 50 50-250 > 250

hours

Average weekly hoursworked by employee size

Q2 2012 Q2 2013

€0 €20 €40

B-E

F

G

H

I

J

K-L

M

N

O

P

Q

R-S

All sectors

Average hourly earnings byeconomic sector

Q2 2012 Q2 2013

NACE Rev.2economicsector

Hourly earnings increase in year to Q2 2013

Average hourly earnings increased from €21.97 per hour in Q2 2012 to €22.02 in

Q2 2013, representing an increase of 0.2%. This compares with a revised increase

of 0.2% in average hourly earnings in the year to Q1 2013 from €22.15 to €22.20.

Overall average hourly earnings in Q2 2013 are at the same level as that recorded

four years earlier in Q2 2009 (€22.02). See table 2.

Average hourly earnings rose in 8 of the 13 economic sectors. The largest

percentage increase was in Construction sector (+6.7%) from €18.70 to €19.95,

followed by the Transportation and storage sector (+5.4%) from €19.79 to €20.85.

The largest sectoral percentage decrease was recorded in the Professional,

scientific and technical sector (-3.4%) from €24.95 to €24.10. See table 2 and

graph opposite.

In the four years to Q2 2013 overall average hourly earnings have remained the

same. However, across the sectors hourly earnings have decreased in 7 of the 13

sectors with the largest percentage decrease recorded in the Human health and

social work sector (-6.5%) from €24.91 to €23.29. The largest percentage increase

in average hourly earnings over the same period was recorded in the Information

and communication sector (+7.4%) from €25.91 to €27.83.

Enterprises with less than 50 employees showed an annual increase of 2.7% in Q2

2013, from €17.63 to €18.10, while enterprises with between 50 and 250

employees recorded a decrease of 0.9%, from €19.92 to €19.74 in average hourly

earnings, over the same period. Enterprises with greater than 250 employees

showed no real change over the same period with values of €25.60 and €25.59

respectively.

Paid hours per week at 31.6 in Q2 2013

Average weekly paid hours were 31.6 in Q2 2013, which represented an increase of

0.3% (+0.1 hours) over the year. Average weekly paid hours were 31.2 in Q1 2013

and showed a decrease of 1.0% over the same period in 2012. In the four years to Q2

2013 average weekly paid hours are down 0.9% or 0.3 hours. See table 3.

The largest annual percentage increase in average weekly paid hours in Q2 2013

was recorded in the Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities

sector (+2.8%), from 28.7 to 29.5 hours. The largest percentage decrease over the

same period was seen in the Human health and social work sector (-1.3%) from

30.5 to 30.1 hours.

Enterprises with less than 50 employees showed an annual decrease of 0.3% in Q2

2013, from 30.3 to 30.2 hours, while enterprises with greater than 250 employees

recorded an increase of 0.6%, from 32.2 to 32.4 hours, over the same period.

Enterprises with between 50 and 250 employees remained unchanged at 32.2 hours

between Q2 2012 and Q2 2013. See table 3 and graph opposite.

Overall decrease of 1.4% in average hourly total labourcosts over the four years to Q2 2013

Average hourly total labour costs decreased by 1.4% over the four years to Q2

2013 from €25.66 per hour to €25.29 per hour. The percentage changes across the

sectors ranged from -10.0% in the Construction sector (from €24.83 to €22.35 per

hour) to +5.5% in the Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and

motorcycles sector (from €19.11 to €20.16 per hour). See table 5b.

3

Page 4: Earnings and Labour Costs · €21.97 in Q2 2012, representing an increase of 0.2% over the year. See table 2. Average weekly paid hours rose to 31.6 in Q2 2013, an increase of 0.1

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Average weekly earnings by publicsector sub-sector

Q2 2012 Q2 2013

Key

1 Civil service

2 Defence

3 Garda Síochána

4 Education

5 Regional bodies

6 Health

7 Semi-state

Public sector sub-sector earnings and hours worked1

New to this release is the addition of tables 6a-6d inclusive which provide details

for average weekly earnings, average hourly earnings, average paid hours and

average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings for the sub-sectors within the

public sector.

Average weekly earnings increased in 6 of the 7 sub-sectors in the year to Q2 2013.

The largest percentage increase was in the Garda Síochána (+2.3%) from

€1,209.68 to €1,237.87 per week. Earnings fell by 1.4% in the Defence sector from

€850.05 to €837.73 in the same period. Average weekly paid hours for the Garda

Síochána were up 0.4 hours (+1.0%) from 40.4 hours in Q2 2012 to 40.8 hours in

Q2 2013. See tables 6a and 6b.

1 Public sector sub-sector earnings and hours worked data from Q1 2008 onwards can be found on theCSO statbank.

Annual decrease of 1.4% in public sector numbers in Q22013

The estimated number of persons employed in the public sector showed a decrease

of 1.4% over the year to Q2 2013 to 377,300. In the year to Q2 2013 the largest

percentage decrease was recorded in the Regional bodies sector (-6.2%), a fall of

2,100 over the Q2 2012 number, while the largest percentage increase was

recorded in the Defence sector (+3.4%), from 8,800 to 9,100 over the same period.

Over the four years from Q2 2009 to Q2 2013 employment numbers in the public

sector show a decrease of 40,300 (-9.7%) from 417,600 to 377,300. See Annex

table A1 and graph opposite.

Annex table A1 contains estimates of public sector numbers by high level area

within the overall public sector. Public sector employment is spread across a

number of NACE economic sectors and includes Semi-state bodies in sectors such

as Transportation and storage and Information and communication. Furthermore,

while employment in the Public administration and defence, Education and

Human health and social work sectors is mainly in public sector organisations,

there is some element of private sector employment too.

Sectoral employment estimates in EHECS use data from the Quarterly National

Household Survey (QNHS) in the derivation of sectoral weights. As the QNHS

estimates of employment for Q2 2013 are not yet published sectoral employment

estimates for this period are not contained in this release. See table 5c.

4

It should be noted that all earnings are gross amounts before deductions for PRSI,tax and other levies. This is particularly relevant to the public sector since March2009 when the pension levy was introduced.

Changes in the composition of employees in a given sector or group has an effecton the average levels of earnings and paid hours over time. For example, if theproportion of part-time employees increases within a sector then it would beexpected that the average weekly earnings and paid hours would fall in that sectoreven if the hourly pay rates were unchanged. Also, estimated averages do notreflect differences in characteristics of the job or the employees, and sinceEHECS collects aggregate data from each enterprise it is not possible to correctfor such differences using EHECS data.

Many public sector employees are paid on the basis of incremental scales.Recruitment, particularly at lower levels, to these sectors would generally resultin a depression to average earnings. The absence of recruitment has the oppositeeffect. Earnings are inclusive of overtime and irregular earnings. The variabilityof these components can impact on trends over time. The reduction in employeenumbers across the public sector will also impact on average earnings.Consideration to these factors should be given when interpreting results.

0

30

60

90

120

150

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

'000

Public sector employmentby sub-sector

Q2 2012 Q2 2013

Page 5: Earnings and Labour Costs · €21.97 in Q2 2012, representing an increase of 0.2% over the year. See table 2. Average weekly paid hours rose to 31.6 in Q2 2013, an increase of 0.1

Tables

Page 6: Earnings and Labour Costs · €21.97 in Q2 2012, representing an increase of 0.2% over the year. See table 2. Average weekly paid hours rose to 31.6 in Q2 2013, an increase of 0.1

2009

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Page 7: Earnings and Labour Costs · €21.97 in Q2 2012, representing an increase of 0.2% over the year. See table 2. Average weekly paid hours rose to 31.6 in Q2 2013, an increase of 0.1

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the

results

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as

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Less

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7

Page 8: Earnings and Labour Costs · €21.97 in Q2 2012, representing an increase of 0.2% over the year. See table 2. Average weekly paid hours rose to 31.6 in Q2 2013, an increase of 0.1

2009

2010

2011

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2013

Tab

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8

Page 9: Earnings and Labour Costs · €21.97 in Q2 2012, representing an increase of 0.2% over the year. See table 2. Average weekly paid hours rose to 31.6 in Q2 2013, an increase of 0.1

2009

2010

2011

2012

€€

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B-E

Industr

y20.4

120.6

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Tab

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9

Page 10: Earnings and Labour Costs · €21.97 in Q2 2012, representing an increase of 0.2% over the year. See table 2. Average weekly paid hours rose to 31.6 in Q2 2013, an increase of 0.1

2009

2010

2011

2012

€€

€€

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B-E

Industr

y0.9

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10

Page 11: Earnings and Labour Costs · €21.97 in Q2 2012, representing an increase of 0.2% over the year. See table 2. Average weekly paid hours rose to 31.6 in Q2 2013, an increase of 0.1

2009

2010

2011

2012

€€

€€

€€

€%

€%

B-E

Industr

y5.6

34.6

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52.6

42.8

53.0

02.9

53.0

0+

0.0

5+

1.7

--

2.8

52.4

02.2

72.3

62.5

52.4

0-0

.15

-5.9

+0.0

4+

1.7

3.6

13.1

33.2

43.2

03.3

03.1

9-0

.11

-3.3

-0.0

1-0

.3

4.2

13.8

83.6

63.8

94.0

63.9

0-0

.16

-3.9

+0.0

1+

0.3

Pu

bli

c/P

rivate

Secto

r

1C

oill

teis

exclu

ded

from

the

results

with

eff

ect

from

Q1

2012

as

itis

no

longer

cla

ssifie

dunder

NA

CE

B-S

.

*P

relim

inary

Estim

ate

s

Siz

eo

fE

nte

rpri

se

Less

than

50

em

plo

yees

Gre

ate

rth

an

250

em

plo

yees

50-2

50

em

plo

yees

Qu

art

erl

ych

an

ge

Q2

Q2

Q1

Public

secto

r

Tab

le5a

Av

era

ge

ho

url

yo

ther

lab

ou

rco

sts

by

eco

no

mic

secto

ran

do

ther

ch

ara

cte

risti

cs

an

dq

uart

er1

An

nu

al

ch

an

ge

2013

Q2

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Private

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rNA

CE

Pri

ncip

al

Acti

vit

y

11

Page 12: Earnings and Labour Costs · €21.97 in Q2 2012, representing an increase of 0.2% over the year. See table 2. Average weekly paid hours rose to 31.6 in Q2 2013, an increase of 0.1

2009

2010

2011

2012

€€

€€

€€

€%

€%

B-E

Industr

y27.0

226.4

825.6

426.5

126.9

426.4

2-0

.52

-1.9

-0.0

9-0

.3

FC

onstr

uction

24.8

323.3

722.1

520.8

820.6

022.3

5+

1.7

5+

8.5

+1.4

7+

7.0

GW

hole

sale

and

reta

iltr

ade;

repair

of

moto

rvehic

les

and

moto

rcycle

s

19.1

119.2

619.1

519.6

419.8

320.1

6+

0.3

3+

1.7

+0.5

2+

2.6

HT

ransport

ation

and

sto

rage

24.5

622.8

423.3

923.6

323.8

024.5

7+

0.7

7+

3.2

+0.9

4+

4.0

IA

ccom

modation

and

food

serv

ices

13.9

013.7

413.8

813.5

013.1

313.2

7+

0.1

4+

1.1

-0.2

3-1

.7

JIn

form

ation

and

com

munic

ation

32.1

731.9

731.2

232.7

135.6

333.4

8-2

.15

-6.0

+0.7

7+

2.4

K-L

Fin

ancia

l,in

sura

nce

and

realesta

te35.3

336.2

535.6

835.8

238.0

934.5

7-3

.52

-9.2

-1.2

5-3

.5

MP

rofe

ssio

nal,

scie

ntific

and

technic

al

29.3

628.9

527.3

829.0

129.3

327.9

1-1

.42

-4.8

-1.1

0-3

.8

NA

dm

inis

trative

and

support

serv

ices

18.6

918.1

418.1

818.3

119.2

318.2

1-1

.02

-5.3

-0.1

0-0

.5

OP

ublic

adm

inis

tration

and

defe

nce

30.1

428.4

228.5

128.4

328.5

728.5

8+

0.0

1-

+0.1

5+

0.5

PE

ducation

37.9

837.2

139.0

338.4

938.7

438.6

6-0

.08

-0.2

+0.1

7+

0.4

QH

um

an

health

and

socia

lw

ork

27.5

125.8

925.8

325.8

025.1

925.6

3+

0.4

4+

1.7

-0.1

7-0

.7

R-S

Art

s,

ente

rtain

ment,

recre

ation

and

oth

er

serv

ice

activitie

s

18.4

418.2

218.5

818.4

520.7

318.9

9-1

.74

-8.4

+0.5

4+

2.9

To

tal

25.6

625.1

925.0

125.2

325.6

225.2

9-0

.33

-1.3

+0.0

6+

0.2

23.1

922.8

722.6

222.8

823.6

223.0

9-0

.53

-2.2

+0.2

1+

0.9

33.0

231.6

131.9

232.2

031.9

932.3

5+

0.3

6+

1.1

+0.1

5+

0.5

20.3

920.0

719.7

819.9

920.4

420.5

0+

0.0

6+

0.3

+0.5

1+

2.6

23.4

222.9

222.9

723.1

223.8

822.9

3-0

.95

-4.0

-0.1

9-0

.8

30.1

129.6

329.4

229.4

829.8

829.4

9-0

.39

-1.3

+0.0

1-

50-2

50

em

plo

yees

Gre

ate

rth

an

250

em

plo

yees

Tab

le5b

Av

era

ge

ho

url

yto

talla

bo

ur

co

sts

by

ec

on

om

ics

ec

tor

an

do

ther

ch

ara

cte

risti

cs

an

dq

uart

er1

2

Q2

Q1

Q2*

Q2

Q2

2C

oill

teis

exclu

ded

from

the

results

with

eff

ect

from

Q1

2012

as

itis

no

longer

cla

ssifie

dunder

NA

CE

B-S

.

*P

relim

inary

Estim

ate

s

1A

vera

ge

hourly

tota

lla

bour

costs

equalth

eavera

ge

hourly

earn

ings

inT

able

2plu

sth

eavera

ge

hourly

oth

er

labour

costs

as

set

out

inT

able

5a.

Siz

eo

fE

nte

rpri

se

Qu

art

erl

ych

an

ge

An

nu

al

ch

an

ge

Less

than

50

em

plo

yees

Pu

bli

c/P

rivate

Secto

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secto

r

Public

secto

r

2013

Q2

12

Page 13: Earnings and Labour Costs · €21.97 in Q2 2012, representing an increase of 0.2% over the year. See table 2. Average weekly paid hours rose to 31.6 in Q2 2013, an increase of 0.1

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1

B-E Industry 215,200 200,100 197,900 192,700 194,400

F Construction 113,600 77,500 64,300 62,700 54,400

G Wholesale and retail trade; repair of

motor vehicles and motorcycles

297,000 277,900 273,000 276,400 278,400

H Transportation and storage 64,500 63,200 64,500 61,000 61,600

I Accommodation and food services 128,800 134,000 112,600 120,200 126,600

J Information and communication 54,700 55,600 51,800 55,900 55,500

K-L Financial, insurance and real estate 92,200 92,200 86,400 87,200 86,700

M Professional, scientific and technical 75,800 74,100 73,900 69,200 72,200

N Administrative and support services 81,300 72,700 76,900 72,800 69,300

O Public administration and defence 117,800 116,900 116,300 110,700 105,100

P Education 135,200 132,000 131,800 131,700 130,900

Q Human health and social work 205,400 212,900 215,200 216,600 224,900

R-S Arts, entertainment, recreation and other

service activities

48,800 45,700 50,500 48,700 47,000

Total 1,630,000 1,554,700 1,515,100 1,506,000 1,507,100

1,209,000 1,148,500 1,106,400 1,117,500 1,129,700

421,000 406,200 408,700 388,500 377,400

Public/Private Sector

Private sector

Public sector

Table 5c Employment by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter1

1It should be noted that the Quarterly National Household Survey (QNHS) is the official source of estimates of employment. The

estimated trend in the number of employees refers to QHNS employee estimates, but differs in coverage in certain ways, such

as the fact that a person with two jobs could be counted twice in the table and the exclusion of the Agriculture, forestry and

fishing sector which is covered by the QNHS.

Note: Data for Q2 2013 is currently unavailable but public sector numbers for Q2 2013 are set out in Annex table A1.

NACE Principal Activity

13

Page 14: Earnings and Labour Costs · €21.97 in Q2 2012, representing an increase of 0.2% over the year. See table 2. Average weekly paid hours rose to 31.6 in Q2 2013, an increase of 0.1

2009

2010

2011

2012

€€

€€

€€

€%

Civ

ilserv

ice

959.0

5943.3

5853.1

1932.3

5936.8

6943.8

5+

11.5

0+

1.2

Defe

nce

915.5

9860.4

3832.7

6850.0

5825.9

7837.7

3-1

2.3

2-1

.4

Gard

aS

iochana

1,2

22.6

91,2

12.1

61,3

45.9

61,2

09.6

81,2

45.6

21,2

37.8

7+

28.1

9+

2.3

Education

922.7

8884.2

7887.9

8911.1

9917.2

3916.3

2+

5.1

3+

0.6

Regio

nalbodie

s943.1

9867.9

0789.7

9808.7

4829.3

8816.2

9+

7.5

5+

0.9

Health

900.0

9859.3

1867.7

1880.4

7874.4

8898.2

2+

17.7

5+

2.0

Sem

i-sta

te1,0

26.2

3999.8

7964.9

01,0

13.9

6977.9

01,0

28.0

5+

14.0

9+

1.4

To

tal

pu

bli

csecto

r946.0

9907.8

4893.7

0916.9

5915.6

1928.7

6+

11.8

1+

1.3

To

tal

pu

bli

csecto

rexclu

din

gsem

i-sta

teb

od

ies

933.8

6894.6

9879.5

9902.3

5906.1

9913.9

9+

11.6

4+

1.3

Sem

i-sta

teb

ysu

b-s

ecto

r

Non

Com

merc

ialS

em

i-sta

tebodie

s1,0

55.8

61,0

19.2

3988.6

01,0

23.7

51,0

21.2

61,0

51.0

9+

27.3

4+

2.7

Com

merc

ialS

em

i-sta

tebodie

s1,0

16.1

8993.8

7958.7

41,0

11.1

8965.8

11,0

21.8

3+

10.6

5+

1.1

Q2

Q2

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Q1

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relim

inary

Estim

ate

s

Tab

le6a

Av

era

ge

we

ek

lye

arn

ing

sb

yp

ub

lic

se

cto

rs

ub

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ra

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An

nu

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Q2

14

Page 15: Earnings and Labour Costs · €21.97 in Q2 2012, representing an increase of 0.2% over the year. See table 2. Average weekly paid hours rose to 31.6 in Q2 2013, an increase of 0.1

2009

2010

2011

2012

€€

€€

€€

€%

Civ

ilserv

ice

28.6

026.3

026.9

426.6

926.9

626.9

6+

0.2

7+

1.0

Defe

nce

25.2

723.6

623.1

723.7

723.1

323.4

9-0

.28

-1.2

Gard

aS

iochana

29.4

728.9

329.8

429.9

329.9

730.3

7+

0.4

4+

1.5

Education

37.4

337.6

138.0

638.7

638.9

338.9

7+

0.2

1+

0.5

Regio

nalbodie

s27.1

625.4

424.3

623.7

623.9

023.7

4-0

.02

-0.1

Health

28.1

126.5

126.5

726.6

526.5

426.9

1+

0.2

6+

1.0

Sem

i-sta

te27.8

727.7

426.5

728.1

726.9

828.0

5-0

.12

-0.4

To

tal

pu

bli

csecto

r30.0

728.9

729.0

729.2

029.0

429.3

5+

0.1

5+

0.5

To

tal

pu

bli

csecto

rexclu

din

gsem

i-sta

teb

od

ies

30.4

829.1

829.3

529.3

829.4

129.5

8+

0.2

0+

0.7

Sem

i-sta

teb

ysu

b-s

ecto

r

Non

Com

merc

ialS

em

i-sta

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s30.5

929.7

829.5

030.1

030.4

730.4

6+

0.3

6+

1.2

Com

merc

ialS

em

i-sta

tebodie

s27.1

227.1

325.8

827.6

726.1

027.4

5-0

.22

-0.8

Q2*

Q1

Q2

An

nu

al

ch

an

ge

2013

Tab

le6b

Av

era

ge

ho

url

yearn

ing

sb

yp

ub

lic

secto

rsu

b-s

ecto

ran

dq

uart

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Pu

bli

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b-s

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rQ

2Q

2Q

2

*P

relim

inary

Estim

ate

s

15

Page 16: Earnings and Labour Costs · €21.97 in Q2 2012, representing an increase of 0.2% over the year. See table 2. Average weekly paid hours rose to 31.6 in Q2 2013, an increase of 0.1

2009

2010

2011

2012

ho

urs

ho

urs

ho

urs

ho

urs

ho

urs

ho

urs

ho

urs

%

Civ

ilserv

ice

33.5

35.9

31.7

34.9

34.7

35.0

+0.1

+0.3

Defe

nce

36.2

36.4

35.9

35.8

35.7

35.7

-0.1

-0.3

Gard

aS

iochana

41.5

41.9

45.1

40.4

41.6

40.8

+0.4

+1.0

Education

24.7

23.5

23.3

23.5

23.6

23.5

--

Regio

nalbodie

s34.7

34.1

32.4

34.0

34.7

34.4

+0.4

+1.2

Health

32.0

32.4

32.7

33.0

33.0

33.4

+0.4

+1.2

Sem

i-sta

te36.8

36.1

36.3

36.0

36.2

36.6

+0.6

+1.7

To

tal

pu

bli

csecto

r31.5

31.3

30.7

31.4

31.5

31.6

+0.2

+0.6

To

tal

pu

bli

cs

ec

tor

ex

clu

din

gs

em

i-sta

teb

od

ies

30.6

30.7

30.0

30.7

30.8

30.9

+0

.2+

0.7

Sem

i-sta

teb

ysu

b-s

ecto

r

Non

Com

merc

ialS

em

i-sta

tebodie

s34.5

34.2

33.5

34.0

33.5

34.5

+0.5

+1.5

Com

merc

ialS

em

i-sta

tebodie

s37.5

36.6

37.0

36.6

37.0

37.2

+0.6

+1.6

Tab

le6c

Av

era

ge

we

ek

lyp

aid

ho

urs

by

pu

bli

cs

ec

tor

su

b-s

ec

tor

an

dq

ua

rte

r

Pu

blic

secto

rsu

b-s

ecto

r2013

An

nu

al

ch

an

ge

Q2

Q1

Q2*

Q2

Q2

Q2

*P

relim

inary

Estim

ate

s

16

Page 17: Earnings and Labour Costs · €21.97 in Q2 2012, representing an increase of 0.2% over the year. See table 2. Average weekly paid hours rose to 31.6 in Q2 2013, an increase of 0.1

2009

2010

2011

2012

€€

€€

€€

€%

Civ

ilserv

ice

27.9

025.8

025.8

226.1

426.4

726.4

2+

0.2

8+

1.1

Defe

nce

24.0

822.5

722.1

822.8

322.2

022.5

0-0

.33

-1.4

Gard

aS

iochana

24.3

723.8

624.8

624.4

825.0

024.9

4+

0.4

6+

1.9

Education

37.1

637.2

937.7

138.4

038.3

738.6

2+

0.2

2+

0.6

Regio

nalbodie

s25.8

924.4

323.5

623.0

823.2

523.0

0-0

.08

-0.3

Health

26.2

124.8

024.8

424.9

324.9

225.0

8+

0.1

5+

0.6

Sem

i-sta

te25.9

125.6

425.2

326.0

825.8

825.8

7-0

.21

-0.8

To

tal

pu

bli

csecto

r28.5

927.5

727.7

227.8

027.8

127.9

0+

0.1

0+

0.4

To

tal

pu

bli

csecto

rexclu

din

gsem

i-sta

teb

od

ies

29.0

827.9

028.0

928.0

028.1

628.2

6+

0.2

6+

0.9

Sem

i-sta

teb

ysu

b-s

ecto

r

Non

Com

merc

ialS

em

i-sta

tebodie

s30.4

329.6

829.3

730.0

030.2

830.3

3+

0.3

3+

1.1

Com

merc

ialS

em

i-sta

tebodie

s24.7

124.4

624.2

625.0

524.7

724.7

6-0

.29

-1.2

Tab

le6d

Av

era

ge

ho

url

yearn

ing

sexclu

din

gir

reg

ula

rearn

ing

sb

yp

ub

lic

secto

rsu

b-s

ecto

ran

dq

uart

er1

1T

ocalc

ula

teavera

ge

hourly

irre

gula

rearn

ings

subtr

act

valu

es

inT

able

6d

from

Table

6b.

Pu

bli

csecto

rsu

b-s

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r2013

An

nu

al

ch

an

ge

Q2

*P

relim

inary

Estim

ate

s

Q2

Q2

Q2

Q1

Q2*

17

Page 18: Earnings and Labour Costs · €21.97 in Q2 2012, representing an increase of 0.2% over the year. See table 2. Average weekly paid hours rose to 31.6 in Q2 2013, an increase of 0.1
Page 19: Earnings and Labour Costs · €21.97 in Q2 2012, representing an increase of 0.2% over the year. See table 2. Average weekly paid hours rose to 31.6 in Q2 2013, an increase of 0.1

Annex Tables

Page 20: Earnings and Labour Costs · €21.97 in Q2 2012, representing an increase of 0.2% over the year. See table 2. Average weekly paid hours rose to 31.6 in Q2 2013, an increase of 0.1

2009

2010

2011

2012

'000

'000

'000

'000

'000

'000

'000

%

Civ

ilserv

ice

42.1

40.1

45.0

39.3

39.2

39.4

+0.1

+0.3

Defe

nce

10.9

9.9

9.6

8.8

9.2

9.1

+0.3

+3.4

Gard

aS

iochana

14.7

14.6

14.2

13.5

13.3

13.2

-0.3

-2.2

Education

118.3

115.8

117.5

109.4

110.3

111.0

+1.6

+1.5

Regio

nalbodie

s38.4

36.5

34.8

34.1

32.1

32.0

-2.1

-6.2

Health

137.1

136.9

132.0

126.1

123.6

123.5

-2.6

-2.1

Sem

i-sta

te56.1

55.1

53.5

51.5

49.7

49.1

-2.4

-4.7

To

tal

pu

bli

csecto

r417.6

408.9

406.6

382.7

377.4

377.3

-5.4

-1.4

To

tal

pu

bli

cs

ec

tor

ex

clu

din

gs

em

i-s

tate

bo

die

s3

61

.535

3.8

35

3.1

33

1.2

32

7.7

32

8.2

-3.0

-0.9

Sem

i-sta

teb

ysu

b-s

ecto

r

Non

Com

merc

ialS

em

i-sta

tebodie

s11.6

11.8

11.1

10.2

9.8

9.8

-0.4

-3.9

Com

merc

ialS

em

i-sta

tebodie

s44.5

43.3

42.4

41.3

39.9

39.4

-1.9

-4.6

2D

ata

am

ended

sin

ce

last

public

ation.

*P

relim

inary

Estim

ate

s

Tab

leA

1P

ub

lic

secto

rn

um

bers

by

su

b-s

ecto

ran

dq

uart

er1

1S

ourc

e:

Earn

ings,

Hours

and

Em

plo

ym

ent

Costs

Surv

ey.

Public

Secto

rnum

bers

inclu

de

all

those

who

receiv

ed

apaym

ent

whic

hw

ould

inclu

de

both

full-

tim

eand

part

-tim

e

em

plo

yees

as

well

as

contr

act

work

ers

.T

ota

lpublic

secto

rnum

bers

are

als

opublis

hed

by

the

Depart

ment

of

Public

Expenditure

and

Refo

rmon

aquart

erly

basis

.T

hose

diffe

rin

covera

ge

from

the

estim

ate

sin

Table

A1

as

Depart

ment

of

Public

Expenditure

and

Refo

rmestim

ate

sare

based

on

full-

tim

eequiv

ale

nts

whic

hw

illchange

over

tim

ebased

on

both

changes

inw

ork

ing

hours

and

num

ber

of

pers

ons

em

plo

yed.

Pu

blic

secto

rsu

b-s

ecto

rA

nn

ual

ch

an

ge

2013

Q2

Q2

Q2

Q2

Q1

2Q

2*

20

Page 21: Earnings and Labour Costs · €21.97 in Q2 2012, representing an increase of 0.2% over the year. See table 2. Average weekly paid hours rose to 31.6 in Q2 2013, an increase of 0.1

2011 2013

Occupation with certain

NACE groups Q1 Q1 Q4 Q1

Managers, professionals € € € € % %

and associated professionals

B-E 1,338.15 1,430.55 1,362.15 1,409.27 +3.5 -1.5

B-N, R-S 1,143.71 1,208.11 1,210.67 1,198.86 -1.0 -0.8

O-Q 967.88 1,034.71 1,108.68 1,083.14 -2.3 +4.7

Total (B-S) 1,063.39 1,124.84 1,134.81 1,121.68 -1.2 -0.3

Clerical, sales % %

and service employees

B-E 680.33 752.91 738.26 750.76 +1.7 -0.3

B-N, R-S 432.61 444.25 446.78 445.96 -0.2 +0.4

O-Q 537.33 538.24 546.22 537.86 -1.5 -0.1

Total (B-S) 461.78 473.04 475.96 474.31 -0.3 +0.3

Production, transport, craft % %

and other manual workers

B-E 564.37 613.71 594.90 646.61 +8.7 +5.4

B-N, R-S 489.68 528.94 557.27 551.17 -1.1 +4.2

O-Q 470.09 459.80 446.74 450.38 +0.8 -2.0

Total (B-S) 485.55 519.80 541.84 537.03 -0.9 +3.3

Quarterly

change

Annual

change

Table A2 Estimates of average weekly earnings by broad occupational categories1

1See background notes.

2012

21

Page 22: Earnings and Labour Costs · €21.97 in Q2 2012, representing an increase of 0.2% over the year. See table 2. Average weekly paid hours rose to 31.6 in Q2 2013, an increase of 0.1

B-E

Industr

y51.6

64.1

52.4

71.2

86.1

74.0

609

FC

onstr

uction

32.9

42.3

34.6

46.2

55.6

55.6

100

GW

hole

sale

and

reta

iltr

ade;

repair

of

moto

rvehic

les

and

moto

rcycle

s

50.4

59.8

51.0

70.8

80.2

73.3

689

HT

ransport

ation

and

sto

rage

44.4

56.4

49.4

74.9

89.4

80.7

130

IA

ccom

modation

and

food

serv

ices

38.7

46.1

40.9

47.4

61.5

53.8

332

JIn

form

ation

and

com

munic

ation

54.3

68.7

58.1

80.2

86.9

84.0

175

K-L

Fin

ancia

l,in

sura

nce

and

realesta

te57.3

67.4

59.1

81.7

90.8

83.6

176

MP

rofe

ssio

nal,

scie

ntific

and

technic

al

54.2

64.1

53.8

54.8

81.2

55.4

228

NA

dm

inis

trative

and

support

serv

ices

46.7

60.3

52.6

61.5

81.2

74.7

192

OP

ublic

adm

inis

tration

and

defe

nce

87.9

91.7

90.5

91.5

91.8

91.8

143

PE

ducation

69.0

77.9

61.0

90.7

97.5

90.0

155

QH

um

an

health

and

socia

lw

ork

66.6

76.8

69.9

85.9

94.0

89.2

465

R-S

Art

s,

ente

rtain

ment,

recre

ation

and

oth

er

serv

ice

activitie

s

56.5

66.5

55.7

76.8

86.3

76.8

221

To

tal

52.2

62.5

53.6

76.3

86.6

79.4

3,6

15

Tab

leA

3R

esp

on

se

rate

sin

sele

cte

dsecto

rsb

yq

uart

er1

NA

CE

Pri

ncip

al

Acti

vit

y

To

tal

nu

mb

er

of

resp

on

den

t

en

terp

rises

in

Q2

2013

Em

plo

yer

Resp

on

se

Rate

%E

mp

loyee

Resp

on

se

Rate

%

Fin

al

Q1

2013

Pre

lim

inary

Q2

2013

Fin

al

Q1

2013

Pre

lim

inary

Q1

2013

Pre

lim

inary

Q1

2013

1T

his

table

pre

sents

the

response

rate

sachie

ved

by

secto

r.G

reate

rcaution

should

be

taken

inth

ein

terp

reta

tion

of

estim

ate

sfo

rsecto

rsw

ith

low

er

response

rate

sas

these

secto

rscould

be

subje

ct

togre

ate

rre

vis

ions

ifre

sponse

levels

are

incre

ased

for

finalestim

ate

s.

Pre

lim

inary

Q2

2013

22

Page 23: Earnings and Labour Costs · €21.97 in Q2 2012, representing an increase of 0.2% over the year. See table 2. Average weekly paid hours rose to 31.6 in Q2 2013, an increase of 0.1

€€

ho

urs

€€

ho

urs

%%

%

B-E

Industr

y820.4

922.0

137.3

823.5

422.0

637.3

+0.4

+0.2

-

FC

onstr

uction

651.9

818.5

535.2

639.3

518.3

234.9

-1.9

-1.2

-0.9

GW

hole

sale

and

reta

iltr

ade;

repair

of

moto

rvehic

les

and

moto

rcycle

s

508.3

117.0

429.8

518.2

217.3

329.9

+1.9

+1.7

+0.3

HT

ransport

ation

and

sto

rage

731.5

920.4

735.7

722.5

820.2

535.7

-1.2

-1.1

-

IA

ccom

modation

and

food

serv

ices

290.6

812.1

823.9

292.8

912.0

624.3

+0.8

-1.0

+1.7

JIn

form

ation

and

com

munic

ation

1,0

47.6

228.5

536.7

1,0

38.7

028.3

936.6

-0.9

-0.6

-0.3

K-L

Fin

ancia

l,in

sura

nce

and

realesta

te1,0

37.6

230.4

934.0

1,0

44.8

130.7

034.0

+0.7

+0.7

-

MP

rofe

ssio

nal,

scie

ntific

and

technic

al

824.8

125.3

632.5

826.3

225.3

332.6

+0.2

-0.1

+0.3

NA

dm

inis

trative

and

support

serv

ices

507.4

217.2

829.4

506.1

916.9

429.9

-0.2

-2.0

+1.7

OP

ublic

adm

inis

tration

and

defe

nce

938.9

926.5

235.4

940.8

126.5

135.5

+0.2

-+

0.3

PE

ducation

804.2

235.1

022.9

814.1

235.2

523.1

+1.2

+0.4

+0.9

QH

um

an

health

and

socia

lw

ork

694.7

622.9

330.3

688.9

022.8

430.2

-0.8

-0.4

-0.3

R-S

Art

s,

ente

rtain

ment,

recre

ation

and

oth

er

serv

ice

activitie

s

482.7

817.0

828.3

483.2

417.2

228.1

+0.1

+0.8

-0.7

To

tal

696.5

922.3

131.2

692.5

422.2

031.2

-0.6

-0.5

-

628.2

620.1

731.1

623.6

520.0

631.1

-0.7

-0.5

-

913.2

529.0

131.5

915.6

129.0

431.5

+0.3

+0.1

-

533.0

817.8

429.9

533.3

117.8

929.8

-+

0.3

-0.3

650.1

120.5

331.7

651.5

720.5

831.7

+0.2

+0.2

-

838.0

826.1

232.1

827.9

825.8

232.1

-1.2

-1.1

-

Tab

leA

4P

relim

inary

data

vers

us

fin

ald

ata

1

50-2

50

em

plo

yees

Fin

al

Q1

2013

Avera

ge

Ho

url

y

Ea

rnin

gs

Avera

ge

Weekly

Ho

urs

Public

secto

r

Pu

bli

c/P

rivate

Secto

r

Pre

lim

inary

Q1

2013

Less

than

50

em

plo

yees

Avera

ge

Ho

url

y

Ea

rnin

gs

Avera

ge

Weekly

Ho

urs

1S

ee

backgro

und

note

sfo

rin

form

ation

on

the

annualre

vie

wof

pre

limin

ary

and

finaldata

.

Gre

ate

rth

an

250

em

plo

yees

Avera

ge

Weekly

Ea

rnin

gs

Private

secto

rNA

CE

Pri

ncip

al

Acti

vit

yA

vera

ge

Weekly

Ea

rnin

gs

Siz

eo

fE

nte

rpri

se

Perc

en

tag

eC

han

ge

Avera

ge

Ho

url

y

Ea

rnin

gs

Avera

ge

Weekly

Ho

urs

Avera

ge

Weekly

Ea

rnin

gs

23

Page 24: Earnings and Labour Costs · €21.97 in Q2 2012, representing an increase of 0.2% over the year. See table 2. Average weekly paid hours rose to 31.6 in Q2 2013, an increase of 0.1

Central Statistics Office Earnings and Labour Costs

Background Notes

Introduction The Earnings, Hours and Employment Costs Survey (EHECS) replaced the four-yearly Labour

Cost Survey, and also replaced all other CSO short-term earnings inquiries. The EHECS results are

comparable across sectors and include more detail on components of earnings and labour costs than

was previously available.

Legislation The survey information was collected by the Central Statistics Office (CSO) under the S.I. No 140

of 2013 Statistics (Labour Costs Surveys) Order 2013. The information collected is treated as

strictly confidential in accordance with the Statistics Act 1993. The survey results meet the

requirements for Labour Costs statistics set out in Council Regulation (EC) 530/1999.

Business Register The CSO’s Business Register provides the register of relevant enterprises for the survey. An

enterprise is defined as the smallest legally independent unit.

BusinessClassification

The business classification used for the EHECS is based on the Statistical Classification of

Economic Activities in the European Community (NACE Rev.2). The NACE code of each

enterprise included in the survey was determined from the predominant activity of the enterprise,

based on information provided in this or other CSO inquiries.

Nace Classification NACE Rev.2 is the latest classification system for economic activities, updated from NACE Rev

1.1. A major revision of NACE was conducted between 2000 and 2007, in order to ensure that the

NACE classification system remained relevant for the economy. The main changes that affected

the release was the reclassification of some industrial enterprises from industry to services

(principally in the software and publishing sectors) and the inclusion of air conditioning supply,

sewerage, water management and remediation activities in industry.

Coverage The survey results relate to enterprises in the Nace Rev 2 Sections B – E (Industry), F

(Construction), G (Wholesale & retail trade: repair of motor vehicles & motorcycles), H

(Transportation & storage), I (Accommodation & food services activities), J (Information &

communication), K-L (Financial, insurance & real estate activities), M (Professional, scientific &

technical activities), N (Administrative & support services activities), O (Public administration &

defence), P (Education), Q (Human health & social work activities) and R-S (Arts, entertainment,

recreation & other service activities) with 3 or more employees. The data was collected at the

enterprise level.

All enterprises with 50 or more employees and a sample of those with 3 to 49 employees are

surveyed each quarter. The sample is based on the proportion of companies in each NACE 2 digit

economic sectors in the 3 to 49 size classes (3 to 9, 10 to 19 and 20 to 49).

Earnings in the public sector are calculated before the deduction of the pension levy that was

introduced in March 2009.

For Q1 and Q2 2011 temporary census field staff are included in all tables due to the large numbers

involved. Table A1 in the Annex provides employment details exclusive of these staff.

Data Collection The survey is conducted by post and questionnaires are issued in the last week of the relevant

quarter. Some returns are received electronically. All returns are scrutinised for accuracy. Where

appropriate, firms are queried by post or telephone regarding incompleteness, apparent

inconsistencies, etc. Information about the survey is on the CSO website and all questionnaires and

instructions are available electronically there.

Differences withdiscontinued sources

The EHECS is not directly comparable with other discontinued short-term earnings surveys such as

the Quarterly Industrial Inquiry (QII), the Quarterly Services Inquiry (QSI) and the Quarterly

Earnings and Hours worked in Construction (QEC). The main differences are:

24

Page 25: Earnings and Labour Costs · €21.97 in Q2 2012, representing an increase of 0.2% over the year. See table 2. Average weekly paid hours rose to 31.6 in Q2 2013, an increase of 0.1

Central Statistics Office Earnings and Labour Costs

The EHECS collects data on the entire reference quarter while the QII, QSI and QEC only

collected data for a reference week in the quarter.

– Data on earnings and labour costs per hour is generally presented on the basis of hours paid and

worked in the EHECS. Data on earnings per hour was presented on the basis of hours paid

(including paid leave) in the QII.

– The EHECS uses a standardised form for all NACE sectors with a standard occupational

classification for all enterprises while the QII, QSI and QEC surveys had their own occupational

classifications. However the EHECS category “Production, Craft and other Manual workers”

corresponds broadly to the “Industrial” category in the QII; the EHECS category “Clerical,

Sales and Service Workers” also corresponds broadly to the QII category “Clerical and other

office staff”; the QII category “Managerial and technical staff” is largely equivalent to the

EHECS category “Managers, Professional and Associated Professionals”.

– The EHECS collects data for enterprises while the QII collected data for local units.

– Data on hours is collected for all categories of employees in the EHECS, while such data was

limited to the industrial workers in the QII, non-managerial employees in the QEC and not

collected at all in the QSI.

– The earnings data collected for the EHECS includes irregular earnings, irregular bonuses etc

while these items were excluded from the QII, QSI and QEC which only collected data on

regular earnings (including regular bonuses) and overtime.

– Non-labour costs such as employers PRSI, other social costs, benefit in kind etc., are collected

for the EHECS but were not collected for the QII, QSI and QEC surveys.

– Data on employees in the QII, QSI and QEC was collected with regard to the reference week. In

the EHECS employment data is collected with regard to the first and last day of the quarter.

Definitions Employees:

All full-time or part-time workers paid a specific wage or salary or who had a contract of

employment are defined as employees. Persons not working for salary e.g. family members,

directors, partners, outside pieceworker’s etc., are not considered employees but other persons

engaged. These workers are included separately but not used in the calculation of derived

variables. All employment figures are rounded to the nearest hundred.

Part-time Employees:

Part-time employees are defined as those who normally worked less than around 30 hours per

week. These included persons who worked for some whole days per week as well as those who

worked for part of the day each day.

Apprentices Apprentices are defined as those whose wages/salaries are governed by the fact that they work

either under an apprenticeship contract or as part of a training program. They are included in the

calculation of earnings and hours data. They were also combined with full-time and part-time

employees in determining the size group to which enterprises were classified.

Category ofemployees by

occupation

For some enterprises information was collected separately for three occupational groups. The three

groups are:

1. Managers, Administrators, Professionals and Associate Professionals.

2. Clerical, Sales and Service workers.

3. Production, Transport workers, Craft & Tradespersons and other Manual workers.

Wages and Salaries All wages and salaries payments are gross (i.e. before deduction of income tax and employees’

PRSI contributions and levies such as the public sector pension levy). In the analysis, the total

wages and salaries are divided into:

– Regular earnings i.e. pay and allowances paid at each pay period, even if the amount may vary.

– Overtime, i.e. payments for working in excess of normal hours, usually paid at a premium.

– Irregular bonuses and premiums, pay and allowances not paid at each pay period, i.e. annual or

quarterly bonuses etc.

25

Page 26: Earnings and Labour Costs · €21.97 in Q2 2012, representing an increase of 0.2% over the year. See table 2. Average weekly paid hours rose to 31.6 in Q2 2013, an increase of 0.1

Central Statistics Office Earnings and Labour Costs

Hours – Weekly paid hours include total contracted hours plus overtime hours.

Other Costs The following are the other categories of labour costs:

– Statutory employers’ PRSI including the social security contributions for apprentices.

– Other social costs; which encompass pension fund contributions, life assurance premiums,

income continuance insurance as well as other employee-related payments paid by the

employer.

– Benefits in kind; which include private use of company cars, stock options & share purchase

schemes, voluntary sickness insurance, staff housing and other free or subsidised benefits (e.g.

canteen facilities, childcare provision, health costs).

– Other labour costs.

– Redundancy payments.

Subsidies and

Refunds

These are amounts received by firms under the various state schemes (IDA employment incentive

scheme, grants etc.) as well as refunds from the Department of Social Protection (DSP) for sick and

maternity leave. These are deducted from the firms’ labour costs in the analysis.

National MinimumWage (NMW)

The National Minimum Wage Act 2000 became law on the 1st April 2000. Enterprises are asked to

indicate the number of employees in receipt of the NMW at the end of each quarter. A detailed

guide to the Act is available from the Department of Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation at

www.djei.ie. Employees earning less than the minimum wage due to age or training status are also

included. These rates do not apply to close relatives of the employer or apprentices other than

apprentice hairdressers.

Derived Variables Persons Employed

The sum of full-time employees and part-time employees on the last day of the quarter plus the

average number of apprentices engaged during the quarter.

Average Hourly Earnings

The sum of regular earnings, irregular earnings and overtime earnings for the quarter divided by

total paid hours for the quarter.

Average Irregular Earnings

Total irregular earnings in the quarter divided by total paid hours for the quarter.

Average Weekly Paid Hours

Total paid hours for the quarter divided by the average number of persons employed during the

quarter divided by 13 (number of weeks in a quarter). Unpaid hours worked (including unpaid

overtime) and unpaid leave are excluded.

Other Labour Costs

The sum of other labour costs divided by total paid hours for the quarter. Other labour costs include

redundancy payments, employers’ contributions to social security, other social costs, benefit in

kind and other labour costs. Subsidies and refunds received were deducted.

Hourly Labour Costs

Hourly labour costs are total labour costs divided by the total number of hours paid during the

quarter.

Earnings Per Week

Total earnings for the quarter divided by the average number of persons employed during the

quarter divided by 13 (number of weeks in a quarter).

Annual Data Annualised results for years 2008 – 2011 are available as a separate release, details of which are

available on the CSO website.

26

Page 27: Earnings and Labour Costs · €21.97 in Q2 2012, representing an increase of 0.2% over the year. See table 2. Average weekly paid hours rose to 31.6 in Q2 2013, an increase of 0.1

Central Statistics Office Earnings and Labour Costs

Methodology forproduction of final

results

All enterprises with 50 or more employees are surveyed as well as a sample of enterprises which

have between 3 and 49 employees inclusive. The classifications by size of enterprise are based on

total persons engaged on the first day of the quarter.

Weighting For enterprises with 3 to 49 employees inclusive, a weighting factor (the reciprocal of the sampling

fraction) is used to weight the estimates to the total population for both employees and enterprises.

The CSO Business Register forms the basis of the sampling frame used for weighting the sample

data to the population. Decay factors are calculated for each size class and sector to adjust the

non-sampled element of the register for the respondent non-relevant enterprises.

Imputation Imputation is carried out for non-respondents in the greater than 50 employees’ categories. Where

an enterprise responded in the previous quarter ratio-imputation is used to estimate figures for the

current quarter while for enterprises that did not respond in the previous quarter a stratum average

imputation method is used to estimate the missing variables. These estimates are based on

respondent enterprises of a similar size and activity.

Final Estimates After imputation, all enterprises with 50 or more employees are accounted for and included in the

final dataset. For those cells where a sample survey of enterprises is used (enterprises employing

between 3 and 49 employees), the results are expanded using the grossing factors to cover the entire

population for the relevant industries in the quarter. Macro edits are carried out at this stage and

any outliers are investigated and corrected. Coherence of the data is ensured by scrutinising quarter

on quarter changes.

Interpretation ofresults

The series presented in this release and all estimates deriving from the EHECS survey are primarily

of use as an indicator of trends in average earnings and paid hours of employees across different

classifications. However, in interpreting the trends and in undertaking direct comparison of the

average level of earnings of different groups of employees or sectors some caution in interpretation

is warranted.

In the case of trends, changes in the composition of employees in a given sector or group has an

effect on the average levels of earnings and paid hours over time. For example if the proportion of

part time employees increases within a sector then it would be expected that the average weekly

earnings and paid hours would fall in that sector even if hourly pay rates were unchanged.

In the case of direct comparison of earnings levels estimates are based on raw earnings levels. To

get a true picture of differences in earnings levels of different employees comparisons should take

account of differences in the characteristics of employees such as length of service, educational

attainment level, nature of work etc., none of which are available via EHECS. The additional

information available from the annual National Employment Survey (NES) allows for a more

detailed analysis of differences in earnings levels and should be referred to by users seeking more

detailed information on earnings determinants than is available from EHECS.

Public SectorEmployment

There are two CSO surveys which can potentially provide information on public sector

employment. The Quarterly National Household Survey (QNHS) can provide estimates based on

all respondents who are in employment being asked whether they work in the public sector or not.

The EHECS, which is the source of the quarterly Earnings and Labour Costs data, provides

estimates based on responses from the employer. Specifically in the case of EHECS there is a

response level of close to 80% for public sector employers over time.

Based on the higher response levels and lower levels of subjectivity associated with EHECS the

CSO believes it offers a more reliable source for public sector number estimates over time and the

CSO publishes data from EHECS as the primary series on public sector numbers. Annex table A1

contains the estimates of public sector numbers broken down by the different high level areas

within the public sector.

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Central Statistics Office Earnings and Labour Costs

Methodology forproduction of broad

occupational categoryestimates

From Q2 2010 a sub-sample of EHECS respondents has been used to generate earnings and hours

estimates by three broad occupational categories.

Results are derived by utilising a matched sample of enterprises between consecutive quarters to

generate quarterly changes. An estimated series is included in Annex table A2. The analysis

conducted on these estimates revealed that volatility in the quarterly changes at individual NACE

sectors means that it is only possible to produce reliable estimates when the sectors are grouped.

Earnings for the broad occupational groups are therefore presented by the following

amalgamations:-

� B-E Industry

� B-N/R-S All NACE sectors from Industry to Administrative and support serviceactivities inclusive, plus Arts, entertainment, recreation and other serviceactivities

� O-Q All NACE sectors from Public administration and defence to Humanhealth and social work activities, inclusive

� B-S All NACE sectors

Review of preliminaryversus final data

An annual review of preliminary estimates and final data has been undertaken to ascertain the

extent of change between both sets of results. The review focused on response rates, scale of

revision at NACE sectoral level and significant changes in trends. The findings of the review

indicate that the preliminary figures can be accepted as a suitable indicator for quarterly trends.

Analysis of the results for individual NACE sectors highlighted that the change from preliminary to

final data was broadly in the range of plus or minus 5%. However, as response rates can impact on

the quality of data at the sectoral level, it is advisable to be aware of this when interpreting

preliminary results.

Annex table A4 contains the differences between preliminary and final data for the most recent

reported quarter, while Annex table A3 highlights response rates. A review of the continued

validity of preliminary estimates in this survey will be undertaken annually.

Public SectorOrganisations

Public sector organisations consist of the following:

� Civil Service

� Defence

� Garda Síochána

� Education

� Regional bodies

� Health

� Semi State, both commercial and non-commercial

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Central Statistics Office Earnings and Labour Costs

CSO Statbank Updated earnings and hours worked tables are available on the CSO Statbank. To access the CSO

website go to:

http://www.cso.ie

� Database

� Statbank (CSO Main Dissemination Service)

� Labour Market and Earnings

� Earnings

� EHECS Earnings Hours and Employment Costs Survey (All NACE Rev2 unless

otherwise stated)

� EHECS Earnings Hours and Employment Costs Survey- Quarterly Tables

� Earnings and Indices excluding irregular bonuses by Industry

� Employment Hours and Earnings by type of employee up to Q1 2010 andIndustry Sector

� Employment Hours and Earnings by Private and Public Sector

� Employment Hours and Earnings by size of employees per enterprise andIndustry Sector

� Estimates of Earnings by type of employee and Industry Sector (from Q2 2010)

� Public Sector Employment by Subsector

� Updated Weekly Indices excluding irregular bonuses for enterprises with greaterthan 10 employees

� EHECS Earnings Hours and Employment Costs Survey- Annual Tables

� Annual Earnings and other Labour Costs by Type of Employee and IndustrySector

� Average Annual Earnings and other Labour Costs by Type of Employee andIndustry Sector

� EHECS Earnings Hours and Employment Costs Survey- Historical Tables

� Earnings and Indices excluding irregular bonuses by type of employee, Industry,NACE Rev 1

For further information or assistance use the contact details on the front page of the release or email

[email protected]

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