Early Years of the WarEarly Years of the Warand and

The Emancipation The Emancipation ProclamationProclamation

Chapter 13, Section 2 & 3Chapter 13, Section 2 & 3The American Journey, The American Journey,

GlencoeGlencoe

First Battle of Bull RunFirst Battle of Bull RunFirst major battle of Civil WarFirst major battle of Civil War

Fought in northern Virginia Fought in northern Virginia

Union had about 30,000 menUnion had about 30,000 men– Most volunteers; all inexperiencedMost volunteers; all inexperienced

Confederacy had about 20,000 troopsConfederacy had about 20,000 troops

Yankees held off the Rebels until they rallied Yankees held off the Rebels until they rallied & were inspired by General “Stonewall” & were inspired by General “Stonewall” Jackson troops that came as reinforcements Jackson troops that came as reinforcements

Union forced to retreat to Washington, D.C.Union forced to retreat to Washington, D.C.

First Battle of Bull RunFirst Battle of Bull Run

General Stonewall Jackson

A Shock for the North A Shock for the North Outcome of First Bull Run Outcome of First Bull Run shocked the North, but shocked the North, but Lincoln reacted with a call for Lincoln reacted with a call for more volunteers for the armymore volunteers for the armyNortherners woke up to the Northerners woke up to the reality of warreality of war– This would be a long conflictThis would be a long conflict

Lincoln appointed General Lincoln appointed General George B. McClellan to head George B. McClellan to head the Union army of the east (or the Union army of the east (or Army of the Potomac)Army of the Potomac)McClellan began training McClellan began training 150,000 troops150,000 troops

War at SeaWar at Sea

Lincoln had ordered a naval blockade of Lincoln had ordered a naval blockade of Southern ports to try to prevent the South from Southern ports to try to prevent the South from exporting its cotton & from importing suppliesexporting its cotton & from importing suppliesSoutherners planned to challenge the blockadeSoutherners planned to challenge the blockadeThe MonitorThe Monitor Versus Versus the Merrimackthe Merrimack – Southerners transformed the Merrimack, a former Southerners transformed the Merrimack, a former

Union warship, by covering it with thick iron plates, Union warship, by covering it with thick iron plates, and renamed it the Virginiaand renamed it the Virginia

– This ironclad, or warship, went to battle against the This ironclad, or warship, went to battle against the Monitor (the Union ironclad), but neither ship would Monitor (the Union ironclad), but neither ship would sinksink

– This battle marked a new age in naval warfareThis battle marked a new age in naval warfare

Monitor vs. Merrimack Monitor vs. Merrimack

War in the WestWar in the West

Early Victories for the NorthEarly Victories for the NorthNorth’s primary goal in the West was to gain North’s primary goal in the West was to gain control the Mississippi & Tennessee Riverscontrol the Mississippi & Tennessee Rivers

Union operations centered at Cairo, Illinois under Union operations centered at Cairo, Illinois under General Ulysses S. GrantGeneral Ulysses S. Grant

Grant was able to capture Fort Henry on Grant was able to capture Fort Henry on Tennessee River and Fort Donelson on the Tennessee River and Fort Donelson on the CumberlandCumberland

Grant demands an “unconditional surrender”Grant demands an “unconditional surrender”

Grant becomes the North’s new heroGrant becomes the North’s new hero

These victories opened a path for Union troops These victories opened a path for Union troops to march into Tennessee, Mississippi, & Alabama to march into Tennessee, Mississippi, & Alabama

Capture of Fort Henry

Fort Donelson

General Grant

Battle of ShilohBattle of Shiloh

April, 1862April, 1862Fought near Corinth, Mississippi – an important Fought near Corinth, Mississippi – an important railroad junctionrailroad junctionConfederate forces launch surprise attack on Confederate forces launch surprise attack on morning of April 6, 1862morning of April 6, 1862Bloodiest battle in the war so farBloodiest battle in the war so farUnion able to defeat the Confederates on Union able to defeat the Confederates on second day & win control of Corinth later on May second day & win control of Corinth later on May 3030More than 20,000 casualties (people who are More than 20,000 casualties (people who are killed or wounded)killed or wounded)

New Orleans FallsNew Orleans FallsApril 25, 1862April 25, 1862Union naval forces under Union naval forces under David Farragut captured David Farragut captured New Orleans, Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana, the South’s largest citythe South’s largest cityThis meant that the This meant that the Confederacy could no Confederacy could no longer use the river to carry longer use the river to carry its goods to seaits goods to seaAt this point, the Union At this point, the Union controlled almost the entire controlled almost the entire Mississippi RiverMississippi River

War in the EastWar in the EastGeneral McClellan led army in eastGeneral McClellan led army in east

Peninsular Campaign – McClellan Peninsular Campaign – McClellan moved & readied his troops over moved & readied his troops over several weeks to make an attack several weeks to make an attack on Richmond, Virginiaon Richmond, Virginia

Lincoln was frustrated by General Lincoln was frustrated by General McClellanMcClellan– He was not an aggressive generalHe was not an aggressive general

General Robert E. Lee General Robert E. Lee commanded the Rebelscommanded the Rebels

Seven Day’s Battle – series of Seven Day’s Battle – series of encounters between Rebels and encounters between Rebels and YankeesYankees

Union troops failed to capture Union troops failed to capture RichmondRichmond

War in the East, War in the East, continuedcontinued

Lincoln orders McClellan & his troops to Lincoln orders McClellan & his troops to pull back to northern Virginiapull back to northern VirginiaConfederate General Stonewall Jackson Confederate General Stonewall Jackson moved his troops to attack the supply base moved his troops to attack the supply base at Manassas, VAat Manassas, VASecond Battle at Bull Run – August 29, Second Battle at Bull Run – August 29, 18621862Confederate victory & Richmond was no Confederate victory & Richmond was no longer threatenedlonger threatened

Lee Enters MarylandLee Enters MarylandFollowing these Southern Following these Southern victories, Confederate Pres. victories, Confederate Pres. Jefferson Davis ordered Lee to Jefferson Davis ordered Lee to launch an offensive (or attack) launch an offensive (or attack) into Maryland (NW of into Maryland (NW of Washington, D.C.)Washington, D.C.)

In pursuit of Lee’s troops, two In pursuit of Lee’s troops, two Union soldiers found a copy of Union soldiers found a copy of Lee’s orders for his armyLee’s orders for his army

Now McClellan knew exactly Now McClellan knew exactly what Lee planned to dowhat Lee planned to do– He learned that Lee’s army was He learned that Lee’s army was

divided into 4 partsdivided into 4 parts

Battle of Antietam Battle of Antietam Sept. 17, 1862 Sept. 17, 1862

Single bloodiest day of the Single bloodiest day of the entire warentire war

20,000 soldiers dead or 20,000 soldiers dead or woundedwounded

The next day, Lee withdrew The next day, Lee withdrew his troops which allowed the his troops which allowed the Union troops to claim victoryUnion troops to claim victory

Lincoln is still disappointed Lincoln is still disappointed with McClellan – He replaces with McClellan – He replaces him in November, 1862him in November, 1862– General Ambrose Burnsides takes General Ambrose Burnsides takes

over the Army of the Potomacover the Army of the Potomac

Effects of the Battle of AntietamEffects of the Battle of Antietam

The British were just about ready The British were just about ready to recognize the Confederacy as to recognize the Confederacy as an independent nation, but the an independent nation, but the Union victory at Antietam changed Union victory at Antietam changed their mindstheir minds– South lost its best chance at gaining South lost its best chance at gaining

international recognition & supportinternational recognition & support

Pres. Lincoln used the battle to Pres. Lincoln used the battle to take action against slaverytake action against slavery

EmancipationEmancipationPrior to the Battle of Antietam, the Northerners’ Prior to the Battle of Antietam, the Northerners’ main goal is to preserve the Union rather than to main goal is to preserve the Union rather than to end slaveryend slavery

Pres. Lincoln considered slavery immoral, but Pres. Lincoln considered slavery immoral, but was reluctant to move against slavery because was reluctant to move against slavery because of the border states of the border states (slave states that remain in the Union)(slave states that remain in the Union)

As the war went on, attitudes toward slavery As the war went on, attitudes toward slavery changedchanged

Northerners thought slavery was helping with war Northerners thought slavery was helping with war effort in Southeffort in South– Enslaved people were raising crops & digging Enslaved people were raising crops & digging

trenches at army campstrenches at army camps

Antietam & the ProclamationAntietam & the ProclamationEmancipate = to freeEmancipate = to freeEven before the proclamation, Even before the proclamation, more than 100,000 African more than 100,000 African Americans left slavery for safety Americans left slavery for safety of Unionof UnionBy summer of 1862 Lincoln had By summer of 1862 Lincoln had decided to free all enslaved decided to free all enslaved African Americans in South….. African Americans in South….. But he waited for the right time to But he waited for the right time to announce itannounce itLincoln makes the announcement Lincoln makes the announcement following Union victory at following Union victory at AntietamAntietamLincoln signed the Emancipation Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation on Jan. 1, 1863Proclamation on Jan. 1, 1863

Effects of the ProclamationEffects of the ProclamationIt applied only to areas that the It applied only to areas that the Confederacy controlledConfederacy controlledNo slaves were freed at this point No slaves were freed at this point by the Proclamationby the ProclamationIt did not free those that lived in It did not free those that lived in slave states that supported the slave states that supported the UnionUnionLincoln hoped that enslaved people Lincoln hoped that enslaved people would hear about the proclamation would hear about the proclamation & would run from their owners& would run from their ownersHelp keep the British & the French Help keep the British & the French from supporting the Confederacy – from supporting the Confederacy – made slavery “the” issue made slavery “the” issue 1865 – Congress passed the 131865 – Congress passed the 13thth Amendment that truly freed Amendment that truly freed enslaved Americans enslaved Americans

QuestionsQuestions

1.1. Why was control of the Mississippi River Why was control of the Mississippi River important?important?

2.2. What was the importance of the Union What was the importance of the Union victory at the Battle of Antietam?victory at the Battle of Antietam?

3.3. What did the Emancipation Proclamation What did the Emancipation Proclamation do? do?

4.4. What did the 13What did the 13thth Amendment do that the Amendment do that the Emancipation Proclamation did not do?Emancipation Proclamation did not do?