early season management of swede midge in ole...
TRANSCRIPT
Swede midge (SM) is a serious and persis-tent insect pest of Cole crops, because the larvae feed on and disfigure or destroy the growing tip of the plant (Fig.1). It has been known to occur throughout New York since 2009, but generally has not been known to occur at economically damaging levels. Because SM can survive in the soil for more than 2 years, crop rotation is extremely important for managing this pest.
Has swede midge reared its ugly head? Generally not, but, we have recently discovered a few small-scale organic growers who are struggling with SM, especially in the Northern region of the state, but also in the Southern Tier. Small-scale organic growers are most at risk for economic losses from SM for a couple of reasons. First, because they tend to have a relatively small land base, sometimes less than 2 acres, often this is simply not enough area for crop rotation to be effective. We be-lieve that excellent crop rotation is an important factor in SM not being a serious pest in NY; in a 2004 survey of cole crop growers in Western NY, 84% rotated ground away from cole crops for at least 4 years. Second, conventional production of Cole crops allows for the use of several insecticides that are very effective in keeping SM below economically damag-ing levels. Unfortunately, none of the OMRI-listed insecticides that have been tested are effective against SM.
Crop Rotation: With multiple generations and a high reproductive potential, SM popula-tions can build up very quickly under continuous production of a host crop. A small number of SM in the first generation can give rise to tens of thousands by the third generation in July. By late September, high numbers of SM drop to the soil to pupate and can create chal-lenging management issues for the following growing season when they emerge in very high numbers in the spring. With poor crop rotation, a detectable yet minor SM infestation
Volume 8, Issue 7 May 9, 2012
Cooperative Extension Cornell Vegetable Program
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Contents General
Resources Available: ID Beneficial Insects .............. 2 Rye & Mustard Cover Crop Warnings ..................... 2 Zone Till Equipment Available for Trials ................. 2 Soybean Aphids in 2012? ........................................ 6 May 15 - Muck Donut Hour Begins! ........................ 6
Weather Charts .......................................................... 7
Sponsors ..................................................................... 7
Crops Crops: Tidbits & Insights ......................................... 3 Cole Crops: Management of Swede Midge ............ 1 Dry Beans: Check Performance of Varieties ........... 5 Garlic: Spring Weed Control ................................... 3 Onions: Killing Barley Windbreaks .......................... 5 Potato: Destroy Culls,Volunteers: Reduce LB Risk .. 4 Tunnel Tomatoes: Soil Dwelling Insects .................. 4
Continued on next page
Early Season Management of Swede Midge in Cole Crops by Christy Hoepting, Cornell Vegetable Program
Figure 1. Brown scarring and twisted growing tip of swede midge-infested broccoli plant. Photo: Christy Hoepting, Cornell Vegetable Program
Volume 8, Issue 7
Continued from cover
can become very serious within a few years. All growers, but especially those at high risk for SM, are encouraged to plant their spring Cole crops as far away from where crucifers were grown in the fall as possible. On an SM-infested farm in Niagara Coun-ty, where a fall broccoli crop sustained 100% SM infestation, it took 2 years of not growing any Cole crops to clean up the infes-tation. Unfortunately, on some farms in NY, SM has gotten so bad, that growers have simply had to stop growing spring brocco-li. Pulling a small farm completely out of Cole crop production may be the only solution in serious cases. In a grower coopera-tive, it may be feasible for the growers to rotate Cole crop production among their farms so that each farm grows Cole crops only every 3 years.
How far away does the field need to be? Some European data suggests a minimum of 600 to 1,000 ft between sites. Distances of 50 feet and less are not a deterrent for the previous year’s SM to find the current year’s Cole crops. We lack the data to pro-vide a science-based answer, but caution dictates that new plantings should be as far away as possible from the previous year’s planting to reduce the possibility of SM being carried into the field by a light wind. Without a host crop nearby, the SM female will not be able to find a place to lay her eggs in her short 1-5 day life span.
For more information, visit the SM information site for the US: http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/swedemidge/.
Rye & Mustard Cover Crop Warnings
Thomas Björkman, Cornell (edited by C. MacNeil, CVP)
We have consistently measured inhibition of the following cash crop by 15 - 40% when a grain cover crop was allowed to get too old, or when a vine crop followed a spring mustard cover crop.
Kill/incorporate small grains (rye, wheat, triticale) ASAP, preferably when just 6 inches tall. If mixed with a legume, you can delay a little. If these grasses reach the boot stage it is not possible to overcome negative alle-lopathic germination and growth effects by delaying planting, or adding extra nitrogen, to beans, sweet corn, cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers or cabbage.
Don’t plant vine crops where a live crucifer cover crop was growing in the spring. Crucifer cover crops are good for suppressing soilborne dis-eases, as well as weeds, before beans, onions and celery, but don’t try it with vine crops! Over four years researchers at Cornell, Michigan and Florida all confirmed that spring crucifers reduced stand and/or growth or cucumbers, pumpkins and melons. Note: Be sure to kill/incorporate any crucifer cover crops that overwintered before they set seed!
For more information on cover crops go to the Cornell Cover Crops for Vegetables website at www.covercrop.net.
Zone Till Equipment Available for On-Farm Trials C. MacNeil, CVP: Cornell 2-row zone tillers, and substantial financial assistance for renting larger equipment from cooperating dealers, are still available if you’re interested in trying zone tillage in vegetables or dry beans this spring. Anu Rangarajan’s assistant Ryan White will bring the 2-row tiller to your farm so you can compare conventional tillage with zone tillage in the same field, with the same planting. Technical assistance is availa-ble if you’re getting started, or want to im-prove the technique. See the articles in the January and March Veg Edge for more details or contact Carol at 585-313-8796 or [email protected]
Resources Available: ID Beneficial Insects & Biological Control Videos
R. Hadad, CVP: Rain and cool tempera-tures have been hindering plant growth for the most part. With this type of weather, it is a good time to catch up on some informational re-sources out there to help vegetable farmers.
There is a great color fact sheet on identification of beneficial insects put out by the Great Lakes Vegetable Spe-cialist Working Group. It is a PDF file loaded with great information and col-or identification pictures to help you figure out which are the good bugs from the bad bugs.
Video - Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center More on Natural Enemies in Vegetable Crops (http://glvwg.ag.ohio-state.edu/projects.php#NatEnemies)
Presentations from the Natural Ene-mies Workshops, from the Great Lakes Vegetable Working Group.
Also available from the Ohio Agricultur-al Research and Development Center along with the Working Group are vide-os on biological control.
Natural Enemy Field Guide (http://glvwg.ag.ohio-state.edu/documents/NaturalEnemiesFlyer-FINAL.pdf)
From the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center and the Great Lakes Vegetable Working Group Identifying and Enhancing Natural Enemies in Vegetable Crops (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r1EYCevAgnY)
Veg Edge Weekly
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May 9, 2012
May 9, 2012 Volume 8, Issue 7 Veg Edge Weekly
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CROPS Tidbits & Insights
ONIONS
A year ago at this time, many fields were under standing water with only days of rain in the forecast…But, that’s not the case THIS year! Direct seeding is nearing completion in Wayne County this week, as transplanting continues in all areas. In Elba, most of the direct seeded crop has emerged with earliest plantings at the first true leaf and the majori-ty of the crop at the flag leaf stage. In Wayne, the majority of the crop is emerging with the earliest plantings at the loop to flag leaf stage. Stands look very good! Trans-planted onions are looking very good every-where with earliest plantings at the 3-4 leaf stage. Barley windbreaks have been growing very well, especially in the early plantings where they got off to a great start in the warm March weather - see article on page 5. Muck Donut Hour will start for the season next week on May 15, 2012 at the corner of Transit and Spoilbank in the Elba Muck, and continue every Tuesday from 8:30 am until 9:30 am – see you there!
PROCESSING CROPS
A small amount of sweet corn was planted in the last week. A significant number of pea acres are already in, as well as some carrots and beets. Most growers need to wait for soils to dry out to progress with additional planting.
Spring Weed Control in Garlic
C. Hoepting, CVP: PRE-emergent to weeds: Prowl 3.3EC* and Prowl H2O: a.i. pendimethalin. For control of annual grasses, some broadleaves like pigweed, Shepherd’s purse, chickweed, suppression of nightshades, lambsquarters and velvet leaf. Garlic must have 1-5 true leaves. Adjust rates according to soil type. May be applied as a split application at both PRE and POST timings. PHI: 45 days (end of May for a mid-July harvest). *Note: Prowl 3.3EC is also available in generics, such as Pendant 3.3EC and Stealth.
Outlook: a.i. dimethenamid-P. For control of annual grasses, yellow nutsedge, some broadleaves like pigweed, Shepherd’s purse and chickweed, suppression of nightshades. Garlic needs to have at least 2 leaves, application prior to 2-leaf stage may result in significant injury. Adjust rates according to soil type. May be applied as a single or split application 14 days apart. Out-look needs to be moisture-activated, weed control not as good when soil is dry. Caution: Stunting is more likely to occur when soil is cold and wet, use lower rates. PHI: 30 days (mid-June for a mid-July harvest).
Dual Magnum 24(c) Special Local Needs Label* (new in 2012!): a.i. metalochlor. For control of annual grasses, yellow nutsedge, some broadleaves like pigweed, Hairy galingsoga, Shepherd’s purse and nightshades. Garlic needs to have at least 2 leaves. Adjust rates according to soil type. May be applied as a band application. Caution: Risk of injury is greater on lighter textured soils and with higher application rates. *Due to the risk of crop damage, all such use is at the end user/grower’s risk and requires users to sign a waiver which releases Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc. from all liability and indemnification by the user and/or grower for failure to perform and crop injury, crop yield reduction, and/or crop loss from use of the product in accordance with the SLN labeling. PHI: 60 days (mid-May for a mid-July harvest).
POST-emergent to weeds: Goal 2XL and GoalTender: a.i. oxyfluorfen. For control of broadleaf weeds, weak on: mustards, Pennsylvania smartweed and common groundsil, can burn back nutsedge. Garlic should have at least 3 leaves. Do not apply to garlic grown for seed. Multiple apps per season. Goal may cause chlorotic leaf banding or lesions and stunting. Symptoms are more severe if garlic emerged under cool, wet, overcast or foggy weather. Injury is temporary. Do not mix Goal 2XL or GoalTender* with oils, surfactants, liquid fertilizers or pesticides except as specified on the label. GoalTender is a safer formu-lation than Goal 2XL with respect to crop injury and tank mixing. PHI: 60 days (mid-May for a mid-July harvest).
Buctril*: a.i. bromoxynil. For control of broadleaf weeds; excellent on Pennsylvania smartweed and ragweed, weak on pigweed, suppresses Can-ada Thistle. Apply after emergence, but before 12 inches in height. Buctril may cause temporary leaf burn. Applications should be made to dry foli-age. PHI: 112 days (3rd week March for mid-July harvest), 60 days in muck soils. *Note: also available as several generics such as Maestro 2EC, Brox 2EC and Broclean.
Select Max* and Select EC**: a.i. clethodim. For control of annual and per-ennial grasses including quackgrass. Higher rates of Select Max for perenni-al grasses. Multiple apps every 14 days. Apply Select Max with 0.25% v/v non-ionic surfactant (NIS). Apply Select EC with 1% v/v crop oil concentrate (COC). PHI: 45 days (end of May for mid-July harvest). *Select Max availa-ble as a generic, Intensity. **Select EC available as generics, Arrow 2EC, Amtide Clethodim, Section 2EC and others.
Poast: a.i. sethoxydim. For control of annual and perennial grasses. Multi-ple apps every 14 days. Always use with COC or methylated seed oil (MSO). Do not cultivate 5 days before or 7 days after applying Poast. Poast + adju-vants should be used with caution during high temps and high relative hu-midity to avoid leaf injury. PHI: 30 days (mid-June for mid-July harvest).
Fusilade DX: a.i. fluazifop-P-butyl. For control of annual and perennial grasses. Always use with an adjuvant – see label. PHI: 45 days (end of May for mid-July harvest).
May 9, 2012 Volume 8, Issue 7 Veg Edge Weekly
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Figure 1. Symphalin/ant damage on tunnel tomato. Photo: Judson Reid, Cornell Vegetable Program
Soil Dwelling Insects in Greenhouse & High Tunnel Tomatoes
Figure 2. Symphalin/ant damage. Photo: Judson Reid, Cornell Vegetable Program
J. Reid, CVP: Each spring a number of high tunnel and soil-based greenhouse growers suffer losses to ants and oth-er soil dwelling creatures. One of the other suspects is the Garden Symphylan. The symphylan is not an insect, but similar to centipedes. It has 12 legs and long anten-nae. Neither ants nor symphylans are generally consid-ered crop pests, but in season extension they can be. The warm dry soil in these environments is attractive to them, while outside it is still wet and cool. Having no oth-er food, various species will girdle tomatoes plants at the crown and within the soil. Affected plants will wilt and may show some nutrient deficiency symptoms such as yellow leaves. The feeding creates a firm, narrow lesion (see Fig. 1 & 2). This is often confused for soil-borne pathogens such as Pythium or Rhizoctonia.
As an occasional pest of field crops, Penn State indicates: “When poor crop growth occurs, the cause should be determined immediately. To check for symphylans, turn over at least 10 shovels of soil. Sift the soil while looking for active symphylans. An average of one symphylan per shovel of soil is a signal that it will be profit-able to treat the infested area before planting the next crop. Mark off the infested area; the entire field need not be treated.” More info here: http://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/garden-symphylan-as-a-pest-of-field-crops
We are reluctant to advocate the use of pesticides for these creatures, however, if left uncontrolled they can cause several thousand dollars in lost yields in a single bay structure. Common vegetable insecticide labels do not include ants or symphalyns. Providing adequate root zone moisture may reduce problems and the larger the plant, the less susceptible. Thus many growers replace damaged plants with new transplants with success.
Destroy Potato Culls, Volunteers Now to Reduce Late Blight Risk
C. MacNeil, CVP: Early planted pota-toes are emerging and growers are setting out tomato transplants. Now is the time to be sure that all potato culls and volunteers are destroyed to pre-vent possible infection of these 2012 crops. Just a tiny amount of over-wintered late blight (LB) inoculum can start a full blown epidemic if the weather is favorable. LB spores can travel up to 30 miles in cloudy, humid weather. Check 2011 potato fields for volunteers and re-check in 2-3 weeks. Check those potato cull/rock piles that were left after harvest at the ends of
check on buried culls in a few weeks to be sure they haven’t re-emerged. If you’re feeding cull potatoes to live-stock be sure they’re completely con-sumed so they don’t escape to sprout.
fields. Check to be sure that winter spread culls were really killed by freez-ing. Check to be sure that potato culls weren’t put in household compost piles since, unless piles are large enough and turned frequently, they likely survived. Spray any emerging sprouts emerging from cull piles with a translocating herbicide and then check back and repeat in 2 – 3 weeks. Buried culls need to be covered by 2 ft. of soil to prevent them from eventually emerging. Cull piles are often in out-of-the-way places that aren’t often visited during the growing season. Be sure to
May 9, 2012 Volume 8, Issue 7 Veg Edge Weekly
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Killing Barley Windbreaks in Onions
It is recommended to kill barley windbreaks when the onions are at the 1-2 leaf stage. When they get too aggressive, they can trap air between the rows and increase the chances of seedling burn-off, and the barley can compete for moisture and nutrients, and stunt the on-ions. Alternatively, killing off barley windbreaks too soon leaves the young onion seedlings vulnerable to wind damage, especially when conditions are dry. Fusilade, Select Max (quicker control than Fusilade by 3-4 days) or Poast work best when the barley is actively growing. If barley has been nipped by frost or wind, it will be stressed, and the graminicide will work better after waiting a few days. Select max also reportedly works better than Fusilade when barley is stressed.
Tankmixing Prowl EC with Fusilade: On muck soil, Prowl is labeled from preemergence to the crop through the loop stage, and then again after the 2 leaf stage through to the 6 leaf stage. Often, Prowl is applied at the 2-leaf stage along with the graminicide to kill the barley windbreaks. Since Prowl EC contains petroleum distillates in its formu-lation, the amount of crop oil concentrates (COC) required when using Fusilade can be reduced according to the following recommendations:
Rate of Prowl EC (per acre): Rate of COC with Fusilade:
2+ qts none
< 2 qts Half rate: 0.5% v/v
No Prowl EC or Prowl H2O Full rate: 1.0% v/v
How to Stunt, but NOT Kill Barley Windbreaks: If onions are small and still need protection but barley is 4 – 6 inches tall, it may be a good idea to apply a reduced rate of a graminicide to stunt, but NOT kill, the barley. According to Bernie Zandstra, MSU, Fusilade, Poast, or SelectMax can be used at a rate of 10 to 25 % of the normal use rate, plus COC or NIS, to effectively stunt the cover crops, but not kill them. However, stunted cover crops are more difficult to kill than those treated only once. When you spray to kill the cover crop, it may be necessary to increase the normal use rate by about 50 %. In both applications, do not exceed the labeled maximum for the crop per year. Alternatively, use a different graminicide for the second application. Cover crops will continue to provide crop protection for about 2 weeks after they are sprayed, but they will not use moisture or nutrients, and thus do not compete with the crop.
C. MacNeil, CVP: Dry bean growers are increasingly pushing the limits on how late they plant. Make sure that you have enough time to mature your beans, especially if you’ll be planting a variety that you aren’t very familiar with. Remember that the later in the fall they mature the greater the risk of loss due to white mold, if the weather gets wet. Two new publications on dry bean variety performance from Don Halseth, Eric Sandsted, et al, Cornell are now available.
The first is: 2011 Dry Bean Variety Fact Sheet for NYS, Horticulture Report #72, a summary of dry bean variety and breeding line performance in trials from 1987 to 2011. The average
Farm, Stafford, Sunny Knoll Farm (Gruschow), Lima, and the Cornell Veg-etable Research Farm, Freeville. Com-pare how your varieties performed in that challenging year with the trials. Twenty-one light red kidneys, 19 black turtle soup, and 10 dark red kidneys made up the majority of the trials, but a handful of white kidneys, cranberries, and pintos were also included. Data on yield, maturity, seed size, plant growth, and disease resistance were collected. The beans were canned at the Food Technology Facility at the NYS Ag Ex-periment Station, Geneva. Uniformity of bean size and color, and general appearance, were evaluated. Thanks to the NYS Dry Bean Industry for their support of this trial.
cleaned yield over the years the variety has been in Cornell trials, number of years in the trials, days to maturity, seed size, plant growth characteristics, and canning quality are included, as well as comparisons with industry standard varieties. There is disease resistance information from the plant breeders. Nine named black bean vari-eties, 8 light red kidney varieties, 3 dark red kidney varieties, and 1 white kidney variety, plus dozens of num-bered lines, are included. This is an invaluable resource.
The second publication is: 2011 NYS Dry Bean Variety and Breeding Line Trial Results, Horticulture Report #73, from trials at the Bob and Dan Duyssen
Check the Performance of Your Dry Bean Varieties Before Planting
Barley wind break providing protection of onion seedlings at the flag leaf stage. Photo: Christy Hoepting, Cornell Vegetable Program
Volume 8, Issue 7 May 9, 2012 Veg Edge Weekly
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Soybean Aphids in 2012?
Keith Waldron, NYS IPM Program; Reprinted from the NYS IPM Weekly Field Crops Pest Report, May 3, 2012
Note from J. Kikkert, CVP: Soybean aphid is a vector for Cucumber Mosaic Virus, so this will be of interest to snap bean, dry bean and cucurbit growers.
Soybean aphid (SBA) problems have been rela-tively isolated across NY since the aphids were first detected here in 200-2001. Since their arri-val, soybean aphids have tended to be a more problematic in odd numbered years. Based on this historical trend, 2011 had potential to be one of those years of risk for SBA issues, yet not much happened. In fact, SBA’s were very hard to find in many areas of the state last season. Recall that soybean aphids overwinter on buck-thorn, then migrate to soybeans in early sum-mer, where their populations increase before they fly back to buckthorn for the winter. Many entomologists theorize that last years pro-longed wet, cool spring may have reduced the numbers of aphids flying from their overwinter-ing sites to soybean fields. Low initial popula-tions delayed buildup of SBA populations over the season.
So what about 2012? Historically, SBA populations have not been serious issues in even numbered years. This is likely to again be the case in 2012. Last season there were areas in central New York where SBA populations in late summer / early fall increased just prior to their movement to buckthorn, their overwintering host. Depending on the amount of egg laying and subsequent overwintering sur-vival, these areas may be at risk this year for early season SBA activity. Statewide, however, we expect SBA issues to be minimal this season following the alternate year – (even year low risk) trend. However….. As a precaution it is always advised to watch soybean fields closely for this insect. Soybeans should also be monitored for weed escapes, diseases and other arthropods such as spider mites. In years past, the first SBA's of the season have been found as early as V2 stage soybeans. Typically SBA popula-tions do not build up until later growth stages.
What to look for: Check the under surface of leaves for presence of very small aphids. If present, the aphids are usually seen in small clusters near the leaf veins. They are tiny, 1/16" long at their largest, with distinctive black cornicles (tail pipes). Soybean aphids are the only aphids to successfully colonize soybean plants. These aphids may or may not have wings.
Soybean aphid transmitted viruses cause blistering symptoms on snap bean leaves. Photo: Julie Kikkert, Cornell Vegetable Program
May 15 - Muck Donut Hour Begins! Meet with Cornell Vegetable Program Specialist Christy Hoepting
on the corner of Transit and Spoilbank in the Elba muck every Tuesday from 8:30 am to 9:30 am.
Volume 8, Issue 7 Veg Edge Weekly
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* Airport stations ** Data from other station/airport sites is at: http://newa.cornell.edu/ Weather Data, Daily Summary and Degree Days.
May 9, 2012
Weather Charts J. Gibbons, CVP:
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Rainfall (inch) Temp (°F)
Location Week Month Max Min
Albion 0.39 0.39 79 35
Appleton, North 0.27 0.27 76 32
Baldwinsville 1.06 1.06 78 40
Buffalo* 0.43 0.43 82 43
Ceres 1.42 1.42 85 36
Elba 0.26 0.26 83 36
Farmington 1.09 1.09 80 36
Gainesville 0.62 0.62 82 35
Geneva 1.14 1.14 77 29
Lafayette 1.05 1.05 82 36
Lodi 0.76 0.76 80 39
Penn Yan* 1.60 1.60 78 40
Ransomville 0.53 0.53 82 36
Rochester* 0.73 0.73 81 38
Sodus 1.22 1.22 76 32
Syracuse* 1.33 1.33 76 41
Versailles 0.72 0.72 83 38
Williamson 0.73 0.73 73 33
Weekly Weather Summary: 5/01 - 5/07
Accumulated Growing Degree Days (AGDD) Base 50°F: Jan. 1 — May 7, 2012
Location 2012 2011 2010
Albion 184 79 191
Appleton, North 105 40 122
Baldwinsville 224 124 ***
Buffalo 249 80 172
Ceres 205 68 ***
Elba 214 83 199
Farmington 208 80 204
Gainesville 256 70 179
Geneva 224 92 227
Lafayette 229 101 179
Lodi 258 107 242
Penn Yan 244 93 212
Ransomville 183 71 198
Rochester 260 91 222
Sodus 181 81 ***
Syracuse 237 124 203
Versailles 256 *** ***
Williamson 206 81 225
Cooperative Extension Cornell Vegetable Program
Cornell University Serving Allegany, Cattaraugus,
Erie, Genesee, Monroe, Niagara,
Onondaga, Ontario, Orleans,
Seneca, Wayne and Yates Counties
Veg Edge Weekly is a seasonal weekly publication of the Cornell Vegetable Program providing information about crop development, pest activity and management, pesticide updates, local weather conditions, meetings and resources.
Veg Edge is published 28 times annually, monthly from October-May and weekly from May-September. If you have any questions about this publication, contact Julie Kikkert at 585-394-3977 x404 or [email protected]. Visit the Cornell Vegetable Program website at http://cvp.cce.cornell.edu/ for information on our research, upcoming events and enrolling in our program.
Cornell Cooperative Extension provides equal program and employment opportunities.
Robert Hadad 585-739-4065 Cell [email protected]
Christy Hoepting 585-721-6953 Cell [email protected]
Julie Kikkert 585-313-8160 Cell [email protected]
Carol MacNeil 585-313-8796 Cell [email protected]
Judson Reid 585-313-8912 Cell [email protected]
Cornell Vegetable Program Extension Specialists
John Gibbons, 716-474-5238 Cell
Katie Klotzbach 585-732-2545 Cell
CVP Assistants
This publication contains pesticide recommendations. Changes in pesticide regulations occur constantly and human errors are possible. Some materials may no longer be available and some uses may no longer be legal. All pesticides distributed, sold or applied in New York State must be registered with the New York State Department of Environ-mental Conservation (DEC). Questions concerning the legality and/or registration status for pesticide usage in New York State should be directed to the appropriate Cornell
Cooperative Extension specialist or your regional DEC office.
Cornell Cooperative Extension and its employees assume no liability for the effectiveness or results of any chemicals for pesticide usage. No endorsement of products or com-panies is made or implied. READ THE LABEL BEFORE APPLYING ANY PESTICIDE.
Yates County Cornell Cooperative Extension 417 Liberty Street Penn Yan, NY 14527