early people first migrations were ancestors of inuit north american indians lived in present-day...
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Early PeopleFirst migrations were ancestors of InuitNorth American Indians lived in present-day
British Columbia (West)16th and 17th centuries, French and British
explorers came to exploit the fish and fur trade
Britain defeated France in the French and Indian War to gain control of the territory
UnityConflict between the Roman Catholic French
and Protestant English resulted in the split of Canada into two provinces (political units)
Upper Canada (Ontario) primarily English speaking and Lower Canada (Quebec) primarily French
By 1867, British government created the Dominion of Canada which was a loose confederation (union) of the two
ExpansionTranscontinental railroad was built between
Montreal and VancouverGold, zinc, and silver discoveries brought in
people from around the worldMoved from an agricultural society to a major
economic power in the 20th century
GovernmentRecognized as independent from Britain in 1931Has a parliamentary government – legislative and
executive branches are combined into parliamentHead of state remains the British monarchParliament handles legislative duties, composed of appointed Senate and elected House of Commons
Majority party’s leader is the prime minister (head of government)
Each province has its own premier and legislature, but the federal government has ultimate control
EconomyEarly economy based on trade of natural
resources (fur)Biggest export trade is in forest productsExports more fish than any other countryService industries make up most of the
economy, especially tourismU.S. is Canada’s chief trading partner
because of a shared borderNAFTA – North American Free Trade
Agreement between Mexico, Canada, and U.S. makes trade easier
CultureMétis – people of mixed French and Native
heritage (First Nations)Bilingual (English majority, French minority)80% of Canadians live on just 10% of the land
just north of U.S. borderInuit live on reserves (land set aside by govt.)
in the Arctic northNatives invented lacrosse, early European
settlers invented ice hockey
Subregions (chart)Atlantic ProvincesCore ProvincesPrairie ProvincesPacific Province Territories
Names of locationsPopulation and DescriptionEconomies and Government (Core)