early norman england: william’s successors anglo-norman feudalism hierarchy & networks william...
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Early Norman England: William’s Successors
Anglo-Norman FeudalismHierarchy & Networks
William I’s Empire Divided3 Sons, 1 Daughter
William II (Rufus)CharacterRelations with Church,
Country
Henry INeed for SupportReunion of
England/NormandyRoyal Administration
StephenLikeable, but WeakCivil War; Anarchy
William and his Advisors, Bayeux Tapestry
FeudalismFeudal Structure
Land Held for Military ServicePatron Protects / Client ObeysHierarchical Society
Military Elite, Laboring PoorLord & Vassal; Homage & Fealty
Fief/Feud; Aid; ReliefBonds of Kinship, Lordship
What’s the Big Deal? (New or Old)A-S England: Hierarchical, Kin-basedNormandy: Private Networks, Obligation
Norman England: Kinship & Lordship Webs of Service Emanating from King; All Land Held by Supreme (Royal) Lord
An Empire DividedWilliam’s Lands and Issue
France, England9 Children Total
SonsRobert (Curthose)
Duchy of NormandyWilliam (Rufus)
Kingdom of EnglandHenry (Beauclerc)
£5k in Silver (Millions of $)
DaughterAdela, m. Stephen, Count Blois
North, Central France
William II (Rufus): r. 1087-1100William’s Character
Strong, Arrogant SoldierFlamboyant, FashionableHarsh in Rule, Ambitious in Land
Robert on 1st Crusade
Relations with the ChurchSeen as IrreligiousChurch Revenues (vacancies)Anselm, Abp. Canterbury
Royal-Papal Conflict; Exile, 1097
Ontological Argument
Relations with the CountryTaxation Policies; PunishmentsRanulf Flambard
Death in New Forest
A Hare and Bird, from Anselm’s Similitudines (Human Morals)
Henry I (Beauclerc): r. 1100-35Need for Support
Youngest Son of William ICurthose Returning from CrusadeGets Noble Support, WinchesterMatilda, Scottish, A-S Connection
Reunion of England/NormandyRobert’s Attempt, 1101; Bought OffNormandy Invaded
Battle of Tinchebrai, Sept 28, 1106Robert, Supporters Jailed
CharacterIntelligent, Calculating, JustStrong, but not Stupid; EnglishTemperate; Political; Fertile
Henry I, from the Chronicle of Matthew Paris (13th cent.); BL, Royal MS 14, CVII.
Henry I’s Royal Administration“The Lion of Justice”
Strict EnforcementCastration
Royal Traveling JusticesWidened Jurisdiction
Extension of Writs & ActsCenter – Localities
Financial ResourcesTaxation Heavy & FrequentThe Exchequer (Royal Audit)
Roger, Bishop of SalisburyRoyal Patronage; Stability
Administration Reaching New HeightsSurpassing Norman, A-S AchievementsA New Creation; A New England
Writ of Edward the Confessor; in Old English; Henry’s were in Latin
Stephen, r. 1135-54Death of Henry I
Son Dead; Daughter Matilda HeirMatilda m. Geoffrey, Ct. of AnjouStephen: Landholder, Favorite of H.
Nephew of Henry, via Adela
Stephen’s Claim to, Seizure of PowerDeath-bed; Noble, Church SupportFear of Female, Anjou Rule
CharacterLacked the Strong Will of Henry
Civil WarScottish Support for Matilda, 1138-9Anjou’s Attack on Normandy, 1140-2
Stephen, from Matthew Paris
Civil War in EnglandMatilda
Robert, Earl of Gloucester, ½ BrotherWestern Stronghold
StephenLondon, East BaronsEastern Stronghold
1140s: The AnarchyTit-for-Tat Battles; InstabilityPrivate Battles; Unruly NobilityWeak Central Power (lack of control)Rise of Noble Power (hereditary right)
The Rise of Henry of Anjou (Plantagenet)Son of Matilda, Charismatic, StableTreaty of Winchester, 1153
Henry II