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1. Classless Societies

Societies with no terms which distinguish one

social class from another; no class or group exertsauthority or advantage over other classes or

groups by virtue of ascribed characteristics or

acclaimed status.

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2. Warrior societiesSocieties characterized by a

distinct warrior class, in whichmembership is won bypersonal achievement, entailsprivilege, duty, and prescribednorms of conduct, and isrequisite for communityleadership.

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3. Petty plutocraciesSocieties dominated socially and politically

by a recognized class of rich men who attainmembership through birthright, property,and the performance of specifiedceremonies; authority is localized

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4. PrincipalitiesSocieties dominated by a

recognized aristocracy withbirthright claim to allegiancefrom followers, which produceslocal overlords with individualpolitical titles who recognize thebirthright claim of one amongthem to allegiance from all the

others of their class.

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Four social conditions or “estates” in Luzon  Principales - datu Hidalgos – maginoo

Timawa–

 pay feudal dues with agricultural labor Maharlika – pay feudal dues with military service

Pecheros – common tribute payers

Esclavos - slaves Three orders in the Visayas

Datu Timawa Oripun

The Sultanates in Mindanao

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1280 CE – arrival of Islam through TuanMashaika

1350 CE – arrival of the makhdumin (Muslimmissionaries

1400 CE – Sulu inhabitants embraced Islamthrough Rajah Baguinda

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A Sultanate is a political structure where theSultan exercised paramount control over the

people that involved political as well asreligious rights and activities, and otheraspects of the society.

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The Sultanate

consolidated andcentralized theotherwise independent

datuships

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Viewed the Islamic society as a totalityexpressing the unity of life that revolves

around the praise and worship to Allah anddoing his will

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1450 CE – Sulu Sultanate was established with Abu Bakr asthe first sultan and Paramisuli, the daughter of RajahBaguinda, as the first Dayang Dayang

Territorial jurisdiction: the present Tawi-Tawi, Sulu, Palawan,Basilan and Zamboanga

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Established between1500 – 1535 CE

Headed by SherifKabungsuan

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  Tausug  – sa Jolo, Sulu

Maguindanao  – saCotabato

Maranao- sa paligid nglawa ng Lanao

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    Shahadah (belief orconfession of faith)

  Salat  (worship in the form

of prayer)   Sawm Ramadan (fasting

during the month ofRamadan)

  Zakat  (alms or charitablegiving)

  Hajj  (the pilgrimageto Mecca at least once in alifetime.)

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Monotheism Koran, Hadith Batas Shariah Unity of religion and state

The sultan as religiousleader The Imam The Mosque Khutbah (prayer / homily)

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13 ethnolinguistic groups Badjao Maguindanao

Iranun Kalibugan Maranao Jama Mapun

Sama

Sangil Tausug Yakan

Palawani (Palawan) Malbog (Palawan) K’lagan

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Davao Norte Davao Oriental Davao Sur Davao City

Cotabato South Cotabato Gen. Santos City Sultan Kudarat Maguindanao Cotabato City

Bukidnon Misamis Oriental Gingong City Camiguin Lanao Norte Lanao Sur Iligan City Marawi City

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Misamis Occidental

Ozamis City

Oroquieta

Zamboanga Norte

Dipolog City

Zamboanga Sur

Pagadian City

Zamboanga City Basilan

Tawi-tawi

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Mindanao Independence Movement Moro National Liberation Front

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Provisional Flag of Federal Republic of Mindanao

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Composed of 50 to 2000 people With lineal or composite residential arrangements

Subsisted on slash-and-burn agriculture or wet rice

agriculture, fishing, hunting, mining

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Datu class or chiefly group

Maharlika class or the freemen

Timagua (timawa) or thecommon masses

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Alipin (ayuey or uripon in the Visayas)

Among Tagalogs:

▪Namamahay

▪ Saguiguilid

Among Visayans:

▪ Ayuey

▪ Tumarampoc

▪  Tumataban