early european colonies, updated aug 2016

h"p://www.nps.gov/jame/index.htm

Table of Contents

© 2014 The ESL Nexus

Notes to the Teacher...................................................................................................................................Pages 3 - 4

ELA Common Core Standards.................................................................................................................Page 5

English Colonies: Roanoke and Jamestown..........................................................................................Pages 6 - 7

English Colonies: Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay........................................................................Pages 8 - 9

French and Spanish Colonies...................................................................................................................Pages 10 - 11

Dutch and German Colonies....................................................................................................................Pages 12 - 13

Swedish and Russian Colonies................................................................................................................Pages 14 - 15

Blank Template #1........................................................................................................................................Page 16

Blank Template #2.......................................................................................................................................Page 17

Word Searches: Countries Colonists Came From & Why They Went to the New World….…Pages 18 - 21

Word Searches: People, Colonies, and What They’re Known For…………….………………….…………Pages 22- 25

References.....................................................................................................................................................Pages 26 - 28

Credits............................................................................................................................................................9

(Cover image: The Treaty of Penn with the Indians, by Benjamin West, 1771-1772)


Notes to the Teacher


Keeping track of the similarities and differences among all the European colonies of the 17th and 18th century can be challenging. The charts in this product will help students consolidate the information in an easy-to-comprehend, visually uncluttered way. Each of the 5 blank charts has 10 questions on it and space for responses about two colonies. After each blank chart, there is the same chart completely filled in with answers to the questions. The colonies included on the charts in this resource are: The English colonies of Roanoke, Jamestown, Plymouth (the Pilgrims), Massachusetts Bay (the Puritans); and French, Spanish, Dutch, German, Swedish, and Russian colonies. Although the focus of material in this packet is on Early European colonies, specifically those of the 17th century, Russia is included in this packet as well because it played a significant role in the settlement by Europeans of one area of the United States of America. There are also 2 blank template charts that can be photocopied, for anyone who prefers not to include all of the colonies presented here or if students need more space to write their answers to the questions.

The charts can be used in a variety of ways. As students are reading about each colony in their textbook, tablet, online or from handouts, they can use the blank charts to take notes. After they finish reading about a colony, they can be instructed to fill in a chart with as much information as they can remember or they can find by rereading the text. They can listen as their teacher reads information about each colony and then write down what they hear and remember. Reading aloud the information in the filled-in charts can be done as a dictation task or for note-taking practice. Also, the filled-in charts can be used as an assessment tool or review for a test --students can be instructed to cut the questions and answers into strips and then they have to match up the questions and answers correctly. This can be done individually or in pairs or small groups, which would be of particular benefit to ELLs. The charts can be used as study guides, too. And teachers can even use the charts as a formative assessment after teaching about Early European colonies by cutting up the response sections and rearranging their order, photocopying the new chart, and then instructing students to draw lines to connect the questions to the correct responses. Alternatively, the responses on the new chart could be lettered and students told to write the letter of their answer on a line in front of the correct question.

Students can write their answers to the questions in complete sentences or just with key words and phrases. In either case, learning can be extended by having students transform their sentences or notes into compositions.

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Notes to the Teacher


The filled-in charts can also be used as the basis for writing compare-and-contrast compositions about two or more colonies. They can even be used for persuasive writing practice by having students choose one colony and writing about why that was the best colony to live in.

There are 2 different word search puzzles in this resource and each has 2 levels of difficulty, depending on how the words are written in the word search grid. The words in the first puzzle include the names of the countries from which colonists emigrated to the New World and the reasons why they went. The words in the second puzzle are the names of some people and colonies as well as what some of the colonies were known for. The easier puzzle, labeled “A” in the bottom left corner, is presented first, followed by the harder puzzle, which is labeled “B” in the bottom left corner. Answer keys to all the word searches are included.

A note about terminology: Germany was not a country at this time but one chart refers to German colonies because the people from that region who came to America and settled in other colonies preserved their culture and traditions. Many of the resources consulted used the word “Indian” to refer to the people who lived in America before the arrival of the Europeans. The word “Native” was used by resources discussing the Russian colonies to describe all the indigenous peoples--Aleuts plus Alaskan and Californian Indians-- they encountered. Since these words were used by scholarly sources, they have been used in this product as well. No disrespect is intended or implied as a result.

If you like this product, please return to my TpT store and give it a rating and comment. You’ll earn credits towards future TpT purchases, in any store, by doing so! If you have any questions or concerns, please email me at: [email protected]. I will do my best to help you resolve any issue.

You might also be interested in these products:

* End of Year Persuasive Writing Activity about American History, Late 1400s - 1800, available at: https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/End-of-Year-Persuasive-Writing-Activity-about-American-History-Late-1400s-1800-1835670

* ESL Word Walls: Essential Content-Area Vocabulary for Grades 5 - 8, available at: https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Word-Walls-for-ELLs-Essential-Content-Area-Vocabulary-for-Grades-5-8-1539999 Thank you and happy teaching!

4


ELA Common Core Standards


RI.5.7 Draw on information from multiple print or digital sources, demonstrating the ability to locate an answer to a question quickly or to solve a problem efficiently. RI.5.9 Integrate information from several texts on the same topic in order to write or speak about the subject knowledgeably. W.5.8 Recall relevant information from experiences or gather relevant information from print and digital sources; summarize or paraphrase information in notes and finished work, and provide a list of sources. W.6.8 Gather relevant information from multiple print and digital sources; assess the credibility of each source; and quote or paraphrase the data and conclusions of others while avoiding plagiarism and providing basic bibliographic information for sources. W.7.8 and W.8.8 Gather relevant information from multiple print and digital sources, using search terms effectively; assess the credibility and accuracy of each source; and quote or paraphrase the data and conclusions of others while avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation. W.9-10.8 Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the usefulness of each source in answering the research question; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation.

5

Common Core Standards © Copyright 2010. National Governors Association Center for Best Practices and Council of Chief State School Officers. All rights reserved. Any claims of correlation or alignment to the CCSS Standards are solely those of The ESL Nexus and have not been evaluated or endorsed by the NGA. The ESL Nexus is the sole creator of this product and does not claim endorsement or association with the creators of the CCSS standards.

EARLY ENGLISH COLONIES IN THE UNITED STATES

Questions Roanoke Jamestown

1) When was the colony founded?

2) Why was the colony established?

3) What state was the colony in?

4) How did the colonists make their living?

5) How did the colonists get along with the Native Americans?

6) What type of government did the colony have?

7) What was the religion of most of the colonists?

8) What problems did the colony have?

9) What happened to the colony?

10) Why was the colony important?


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Questions Roanoke Jamestown

1) When was the colony founded? There were two times, in 1585 and 1587. It was founded in 1607.

2) Why was the colony established? Sir Walter Raleigh wanted to capture Spanish ships in the area and get rich.

The Virginia Company, which started the colony, hoped to make money from it.

3) What state was the colony in? It was in North Carolina. It was in Virginia.


The 1585 colonists were explorers who stole from the Indians but also had to farm. The 1587 colonists were farmers.

They grew tobacco and they were farmers. At first, though, the men just wanted to get rich by finding gold.


There was a lot of fighting because the English did not treat the Indians well, although a few tribes were friendly.

There were problems but it got better when some Indians helped the colonists but then the problems happened again.


There was a governor, John White, who was responsible to Sir Walter Raleigh, Roanoke’s founder; he was responsible to Queen Elizabeth of England.

Until 1619, it was controlled by the Virginia Company in England. Then the House of Burgesses was formed and from then on, they made the colony’s laws.

7) What was the colonists’ religion? They were Protestant Christians. They were Protestant Christians.


They did not have enough food or supplies and did not get along with the Native Americans living nearby.

The land was not good for farming and many people died the first winter; that time was known as the “starving time.”


It is a mystery. The colonists disappeared and no one knows why.

More and more English came but there were problems off and on over the years.


It was the first attempt by the English to settle in the New World and it was the place where the first English baby was born in the New World.

It was the first permanent English settlement in the New World, the first to have representative government, and the first English colony where African slaves arrived.


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Questions Plymouth: The Pilgrims Massachusetts Bay: The Puritans

1) When was the colony founded?

2) Why was the colony established?

3) What state was the colony in?









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Questions Plymouth: The Pilgrims Massachusetts Bay: The Puritans

1) When was the colony founded? It was founded in 1620. The Boston colony was founded in 1630.

2) Why was the colony established? Many colonists wanted religious freedom; others wanted to get rich.

The Puritans wanted to be able to worship in their own way.

3) What state was the colony in? It was in Massachusetts. It was in Massachusetts.


They were farmers, they fished, and they traded with nearby Native Americans.

They were farmers and there were merchants, fishermen, and trappers, too.


The colonists got along well with them for several years but the good relations ended with wars in 1637 and 1675.

The colonists tried to convert the Indians and they wanted their lands for themselves; wars were in 1637 and 1675.


The colony governed itself based on the Mayflower Compact and chose its own leaders; church leaders also had great influence.

A governor and assistants were elected by a group of male church members; religious leaders also had influence.


They were Protestant Christians known as Separatists because they wanted to separate from the main church.

They were Protestant Christians called Puritans, because they wanted to make the church pure again.


They didn’t have enough food for the winter and many colonists died.

People who disagreed with Puritan ideas were forced to leave the colony.


After the first winter, they became successful and the colony prospered.

It was successful and in 1691 it joined with the Pilgrims’ colony near Plymouth to form the colony of Massachusetts.


The Mayflower Compact is the first written agreement by common people on how to govern themselves.

Boston was founded by the Puritans, they established the first public schools in America, they governed themselves.


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EARLY EUROPEAN COLONIES IN THE UNITED STATES

Questions French Colonies Spanish Colonies

1) When were the colonies founded?

2) Why were the colonies established?

3) What states were the colonies in?



6) What type of government did the colonies have?


8) What problems did the colonies have?

9) What happened to the colonies?

10) Why were the colonies important?


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EARLY EUROPEAN COLONIES IN THE UNITED STATES Questions French Colonies Spanish Colonies


One was founded in 1564 in Florida but mostly they built forts and trading posts, not colonies, until the 18th century.

They founded several colonies between 1565 in Florida and 1659 in Texas.

2) Why were the colonies established? They were looking for the Northwest Passage and wanted to get rich.

The Spanish wanted to convert the Indians and also they wanted to get rich.


A colony in Florida lasted only a few years; many forts and trading posts were built up and down the Mississippi River.

They were in what is now Florida, New Mexico, Arizona, and Texas.


Except for the Florida colony, they were mostly soldiers, traders and fur trappers.

They started missions and forced the Indians to work the lands; eventually they had slaves from Africa, too.


They were friendly with the Indians and made alliances with them against the English.

The Spanish treated them very badly; they were practically slaves.


French colonies were ruled by a governor appointed by the king of France but this didn’t start until the late 1600s in the US.

The Spanish government appointed viceroys (rulers); the Catholic Church also played an important role in politics.


The Florida colonists were Protestants and the others were Catholic Christians.

They were Catholic Christians.


The Florida colony was conquered by the Spanish.

There were several Indian uprisings over the years. Diseases killed many Indians.


The forts and trading posts turned into colonies when settlers came to live there.

More and more Spanish settlers came and they spread throughout the region.


They established France’s claim to parts of North America; French culture and language is still present in Louisiana.

The impact of the Spanish culture in terms of religion and language on the people in this region remains to this day.


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Questions Dutch Colonies German Colonies












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Questions Dutch Colonies German Colonies


They began to colonize the Mid-Atlantic region in 1621.

The first German settlement was Germantown, near Philadelphia, in 1683.

2) Why were the colonies established? They were looking for the Northwest Passage and to establish trading posts.

William Penn invited Germans to come Pennsylvania for religious freedom.


They were in New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Connecticut.

Some people went to Virginia and North Carolina but most went to Pennsylvania.


The rich were landowners and poorer farmers worked for them; there were also merchants.

They were indentured servants, farmers, and small tradesmen.


There was a lot of fighting between the colonists and the Native Americans.

It varied depending on the colonies they lived in but in Pennsylvania it was good.


A governor was appointed by the Dutch East India Company and had full control.

Pennsylvania was a commonwealth and William Penn was the governor.


The official church was the Dutch Reformed Church (that is, Christian), but settlers practiced many other religions.

At the start, the colonists were Anabaptist Christians and then other Protestant groups also arrived in Pennsylvania.


Many people didn’t own their own land, people didn’t like the laws passed by the local government, problems with Indians.

The same problems that other Europeans had in the colonies they settled in, since they weren’t ruled from Germany.


New Amsterdam surrendered to the English in 1664 and became New York.

There weren’t separate German colonies; Germans continued to come to America.


New Amsterdam was a trading center, people from many European countries settled there, Dutch foods (waffles) and words (cookie) were adopted in English.

Germans introduced the ideas of kitchen gardens, kindergarten and physical education in schools, and the Conestoga wagon to colonists in America.


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Questions Swedish Colonies Russian Colonies












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Questions Swedish Colonies Russian Colonies


In March 1638, settlers founded Fort Christina in what is now Delaware.

The first in Alaska was in 1784 on Kodiak Island; the first in California was in 1812.

2) Why were the colonies established? The New Sweden Company wanted to trade furs and tobacco.

The Russians were looking to increase opportunities in fur trading.


They were in Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Maryland.

The Russian settlements were in Alaska and California (CA).


They were traders, farmers, and soldiers. In Alaska, they were fur traders and soldiers; in California, they were also farmers, skilled tradesmen and ranchers.


They had peaceful relations with the local Indians. The Swedes paid for their land and food and treated them fairly.

They traded with the Indians and treated them fairly in CA; in Alaska, colonists forced the Aleuts to work for them.


They were ruled by a governor who was appointed by the New Sweden Company or, later, by the government of Sweden.

They were ruled by a manager appointed by the Russian-American Company and after 1818, by the Russian Navy.


They were Lutheran Protestants (that is, Christians).

They were Eastern Orthodox Christians.


The settlers did not like the way Governor Printz ruled; in 1655, the Dutch captured the Swedish forts.

Farming was difficult, otter and seal populations declined, and there were problems with Native peoples in Alaska.


In 1681, New Sweden became part of the land granted to William Penn.

They sold the Fort Ross colony in California in 1841 to John Sutter and sold Alaska in 1867 to the U.S. Government.


Log cabins were introduced to America by Swedish settlers.

Many Aleuts and Indians converted to Russian Orthodoxy; Russian place names still exist in Alaska and California.


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Questions












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RESOURCE LIST

About Roanoke: http://www.socialstudiesforkids.com/articles/ushistory/roanoke1.htm

http://www.librarypoint.org/lost_colony

http://www.nps.gov/fora/forkids/voyage.htm

About Jamestown: http://www.nps.gov/jame/index.htm

About the Pilgrims and Puritans: http://www.watertown.k12.ma.us/cunniff/americanhistorycentral/05europeansinnamerica/The_Massachuse.html

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/368431/Massachusetts-Bay-Colony

http://www.usahistory.info/New-England/Massachusetts.html

http://www.factmonster.com/encyclopedia/us/massachusetts-history.html

http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2007/10/native-americans-and-massachusetts-bay.html

About the Spanish Colonies: http://www.watertown.k12.ma.us/cunniff/americanhistorycentral/05europeansinnamerica/index.html

http://www.shmoop.com/spanish-colonization/summary.html


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RESOURCE LIST

About the French Colonies: http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/plaintexthistories.asp?historyid=aa82

http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/presentationsandactivities/presentations/timeline/colonial/

About the Dutch Colonies: http://www.history.ac.uk/reviews/review/1363

http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/plaintexthistories.asp?historyid=aa80

About the German Colonies: http://www.loc.gov/rr/european/imde/germchro.html

http://www.germanheritage.com/postal/germansettlers/

http://bit.ly/2avUpQ5

About the Swedish Colonies: http://colonialswedes.net/History/History.html

https://www.libraries.psu.edu/psul/digital/pahistory/folder_1.html

http://www.founderspatriots.org/articles/swedish.php


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RESOURCE LIST

General Sources About More Than One Colony: http://www.apstudynotes.org/us-history/outlines/

http://www.watertown.k12.ma.us/cunniff/americanhistorycentral/05europeansinnamerica/index.html

About the Russian Colonies: http://www.fortross.org/russian-american-company.htm

http://www.akhistorycourse.org/articles/article.php?artID=315

http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/russians-settle-alaska

http://parks.sonoma.net/rosshist.html


Print Sources:

Chamot, A., & Steeves, K. (2009). Land, people, nation: A history of the United States (3rd ed.). White Plains, N.Y.: Longman.

Terdy, D., & Mrowicki, L. (1986). Content area ESL: Social studies. Palatine, Ill.: Linmore.

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Primary Sources About Early European Settlement, With Guiding & Discussion Questions For Teachers: http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/settlement/text1/text1read.htm

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Cover image: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Treaty_of_Penn_with_Indians_by_Benjamin_West.jpg

early european colonies, updated aug 2016

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