EARLY CIVILIZATIONS

THE FERTILE CRESCENTpages 34-39

CIVILIZATIONS civilizations: groups of __________ who

have a complex and organized __________ within a culture

civilizations have their own _____________, food supply, social _____________, government, religion, and technology.

WHERE CIVILIZATION BEGAN land between _____________ and

__________________ Rivers because it was between two rivers , the

land was very fertile (it had rich ______________)

fertile soil was good for ________________ “______________________” = land

between two rivers

CLIMATE AND RIVERS summers: hot and _______

_______ for farming winters: unpredictable rainfall

caused rivers to ___________ they needed a method to control the

rainfall ________________ systems helped manage

when and how much __________ got to their crops

THE PEOPLE OF MESOPOTAMIA problem solvers

problem: lack of a reliable _____________source: made _______________ difficult

solution: _______________ systems problem: lack of trees/stones made

________________ difficult solution: used reeds to build huts and sun

dried mud ______________ to build homes, temples and palaces

THE PEOPLE OF MESOPOTAMIA EQ: What was one problem solved

by the people of Mesopotamia?

farmers most people wanted to work on a farm made better farming ___________ ____________ their goods on the _________ extra food = _____________ = rise of

civilization

GROWTH OF CITY-STATES AND TRADE city-states

a city that is an _________________ unit, complete with its own form of government

surplus of food led to division of _____________ (artisans, potters) would be paid with __________

traders traded for goods that Mesopotamians ______ means of transportation: large wooden ________ contact with others spread their ____________

MESOPOTAMIApages 40-46

SUMER AND AKKAD two ______-__________ of Mesopotamia different languages- ____________ and

________________ Uruk

city-state of ________________ used _____________ as source of water mudbrick wall surrounded Uruk for ___________ ___________-temple made of stacked rectangular

platforms, wanted to link them to ____________

RELIGION AND GOVERNMENT _________________- worship of many gods divine ______________- power of the king was

given by the gods believed that the happiness of their gods

determined their outcomes on Earth- burned incense, provided food and _____________

had a class system headed by the _________ R: Sumerian A: gods F: prayer T: how is life on Earth, am I thanking you or asking you a

favor?

WRITING cuneiform

wedge-shaped ___________ ______________ made by pressing reeds into

a wet clay tablet writing system was developed to keep

track of business activities - ___________ of goods

medical texts, law codes, ____________ Epic of Gilgamesh

THE RISE AND FALL OF THE AKKADIAN EMPIRE

Sargon the _______ Akkadian ruler formed the worlds first ____________- which

stretched from “sunrise to sunset” appointed his daughter as high priestess set up the first ___________- rule passed

down through the ____________

SUMER’S FINAL DAYS Ziggurat of Ur- one of the largest

ziggurats ever built contributions: cuneiform and the

__________

BABYLONIA AND ASSYRIApages 48-53

THE RISE OF HAMMURABI Hammurabi

king of ___________________

clever leader sent officials throughout

his large empire to carry out his __________ and to collect __________

tax money used for construction projects and ______________

BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION capital of Babylon- center of ___________ and

____________ advancements in math, literature and ________ Code of Hammurabi

consisted of 282 strict _________ for his empire “an eye for an _______, tooth for a __________” one of the most complete law codes of ancient

times first ____________ code of law protected the __________ class however, punishments were based on _______ status

BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION R: Mr. R A: 6th grade class F: code of laws T: one good law for

our class

THE ASSYRIANS group of people who lived in northern

______________ war-faring people (unlike the

____________) innovation: wheeled battering _________

THE ASSYRIANS Ashurbanipal

King during the most _____________ time personally led his troops to battle educated man- read/write Sumerian and

Akkadian Library at Nineveh

collected _____________, Sumerian and Akkadian writings

literature, _________, mathematics and astronomy

BABYLONIA GROWS Babylon, under ______________________II,

grew to a powerful nation Nebuchadnezzar II (Lil’ Neezy)

_________ of Babylon who took over much of the Assyrian empire

finished _____________ built the _______________ Gardens built walls to protect the great ____________

BABYLONIA GROWS advancements in math- place values

and astronomy- eclipses wealthy __________ city after Nebuchadnezzar died, conquered

by ____________, end of the Babylonian Empire

HEBREWS, PHOENICIANS, AND LYDIANS

pages 54-59

THE HEBREWS Abraham- founder of ______________ Hebrews forced into __________ in Egypt __________ led the exodus of Egypt to freedom Ten Commandments

Hebrew ______ code guidelines for moral ______________ provided guidance for the ___________ of God unlike Code of ______________- strict laws with

harsh punishments as opposed to brief guidelines with no social distinctions

THE HEBREW BIBLE: TORAH Torah: “to ________” first _____ books of the __________ it is against Jewish law to touch the

____________, so therefore there are scrolls and a pointer

contains ________ codes and historical events and stories

ISRAEL AND JUDAH Deborah

Hebrew ________- used in times of trouble predicted that women would win war

against the _____________ women had ______ power Deborah was right, woman (Jael) won the

war for the ____________

ISRAEL AND JUDAH The Kingdom of Israel

_________ tribes founded by King ___________

Solomon- David’s son built temple to house ___________

death of _______________ broke up into two parts- Israel (N) and Judah (S)

JUDAISM TODAY still read the _________ gather in ________________ festival of ____________- honors escape

of Hebrews from Egypt

PHOENICIANS AND LYDIANS Phoenicians

positive relations with ____________ used the ___________________ Sea for trade trade promoted exchange of goods and ideas contribution: modern __________, fewer and

simpler ___________ which stood for consonants Lydians

contribution: first to make ______________, made trading easier