EARLY CANADAEARLY CANADA

DAY 5-7DAY 5-7

NEW FRANCENEW FRANCE NWP FAILURE…RICHES OF SAGUENAY NWP FAILURE…RICHES OF SAGUENAY

FAILURE, CONTACT EXPLOITATION ONLY FAILURE, CONTACT EXPLOITATION ONLY (FISH, TIMBER)(FISH, TIMBER)

SMALL INFORMAL FUR TRADESMALL INFORMAL FUR TRADE

LATE 16LATE 16THTH CENTURY FELT TOP HAT (CASTOR CENTURY FELT TOP HAT (CASTOR CANADENSIS)CANADENSIS)

RUSH TO OBTAIN FURSRUSH TO OBTAIN FURS

HUDSON BAY COMPANY BY BR, FRENCH HUDSON BAY COMPANY BY BR, FRENCH LOOK TO SETTLEMENTSLOOK TO SETTLEMENTS

ST CROIX ISLANDST CROIX ISLAND 1603 FR CROWN NEGS MONOPOLY FOR 1603 FR CROWN NEGS MONOPOLY FOR

COLONY RIGHTSCOLONY RIGHTS

PIERRE DU GUA SIEUR DE MONTS FOUNDS PIERRE DU GUA SIEUR DE MONTS FOUNDS ST CROIX 1604 (125 SETTLERS)ST CROIX 1604 (125 SETTLERS)

IN EXCHANGE FOR FUR MONOPOLY 100 IN EXCHANGE FOR FUR MONOPOLY 100 PEOPLE PER YEAR FOR 10 YRSPEOPLE PER YEAR FOR 10 YRS

ISLAND CHOSEN AS DEFENDABLE, USE TO ISLAND CHOSEN AS DEFENDABLE, USE TO SHIP TO FRANCESHIP TO FRANCE

LITTLE FOOD, WATER, SHELTER ETC…FAILS LITTLE FOOD, WATER, SHELTER ETC…FAILS 36 DIE36 DIE

PORT ROYALPORT ROYAL 1605 SURVIVORS MOVE TO PORT ROYAL, ACROSS 1605 SURVIVORS MOVE TO PORT ROYAL, ACROSS

THE BAY OF FUNDYTHE BAY OF FUNDY

THIS IS FOUNDING OF ACADIATHIS IS FOUNDING OF ACADIA

MICMAC WERE TRADING PARTNERSMICMAC WERE TRADING PARTNERS

COURT INTRIGUE IN FRANCE (FOR MONOPOLY) COURT INTRIGUE IN FRANCE (FOR MONOPOLY) LEADS TO RECALL OF SIEUR DE MONTSLEADS TO RECALL OF SIEUR DE MONTS

LEAVES IN 1607 TAKES COLONY WITH HIMLEAVES IN 1607 TAKES COLONY WITH HIM

ABANDONED UNTIL 1609 (MICMAC MOVE IN)ABANDONED UNTIL 1609 (MICMAC MOVE IN)

RE-FOUNDED IN 1609 BUT EMPHASIS ON NEW RE-FOUNDED IN 1609 BUT EMPHASIS ON NEW FRANCE (QUE)FRANCE (QUE)

LOSS AND RESTORATIONLOSS AND RESTORATION BR COLONIES TO SOUTH GROWING STRONG, BR COLONIES TO SOUTH GROWING STRONG,

POPULOUS. NOT ACADIAPOPULOUS. NOT ACADIA

THUS ACADIA’S HISTORY LOSS THUS ACADIA’S HISTORY LOSS RESTORATIONRESTORATION

1613 ACADIA TAKEN BY VIRGINIAN MILITIA (FR 1613 ACADIA TAKEN BY VIRGINIAN MILITIA (FR SETTLERS STRUGGLE ON UNDER BRITISH)SETTLERS STRUGGLE ON UNDER BRITISH)

BR NOW TRY TO SETTLE AREABR NOW TRY TO SETTLE AREA

1621 KING JAMES GIVES TO SON AS FEUDAL 1621 KING JAMES GIVES TO SON AS FEUDAL TERRITORY. NAMED NEW SCOTLANDTERRITORY. NAMED NEW SCOTLAND

ENGLISH SETTLEMENTS PROVED JUST AS FUTILE ENGLISH SETTLEMENTS PROVED JUST AS FUTILE MORE INTERESTED IN OTHER AREASMORE INTERESTED IN OTHER AREAS

IN 1632 ALL OF ACADIA WAS GIVEN BACK TO FRANCE IN 1632 ALL OF ACADIA WAS GIVEN BACK TO FRANCE IN TREATY (BR TOOK CARIBBEAN ISLAND)IN TREATY (BR TOOK CARIBBEAN ISLAND)

WHILE BR OWNED ANNAPOLIS ROYAL, FRENCH WHILE BR OWNED ANNAPOLIS ROYAL, FRENCH RESETTLED ALONG ST JOHN RIVERRESETTLED ALONG ST JOHN RIVER

AFTER THE RESTORATION COMPETITION BETWEEN AFTER THE RESTORATION COMPETITION BETWEEN PORT ROYAL AND THE COLONY IN ST JOHN ALSO PORT ROYAL AND THE COLONY IN ST JOHN ALSO HURT THE FRENCH ABILITY TO STRENGTHEN THEIR HURT THE FRENCH ABILITY TO STRENGTHEN THEIR COLONYCOLONY

IN 1654 FRANCE AGAIN LOSES ACADIA TO ENGLANDIN 1654 FRANCE AGAIN LOSES ACADIA TO ENGLAND

AGAIN THE ACADIANS SIMPLY PERSEVERE UNDER THE AGAIN THE ACADIANS SIMPLY PERSEVERE UNDER THE RULE OF THE ENGLISHRULE OF THE ENGLISH

IN 1668 THE ENGLISH GIVE ACADIA BACK TO FRANCEIN 1668 THE ENGLISH GIVE ACADIA BACK TO FRANCE

THIS PROCESS CONTINUES AS ACADIA IS LOST IN 1690 AND THIS PROCESS CONTINUES AS ACADIA IS LOST IN 1690 AND RETURNED IN 1697RETURNED IN 1697

ACADIA FALLS FOR THE LAST TIME IN 1710 WHERE THE ACADIA FALLS FOR THE LAST TIME IN 1710 WHERE THE FRENCH GIVE UP ALL CLAIMS IN ACADIA. THEY HOWEVER FRENCH GIVE UP ALL CLAIMS IN ACADIA. THEY HOWEVER REFER ONLY TO NOVA SCOTIA’S PORTION AND STILL HAVE REFER ONLY TO NOVA SCOTIA’S PORTION AND STILL HAVE CLAIMS IN NEW BRUNSWICKCLAIMS IN NEW BRUNSWICK

THIS WILL HELP LEAD TO WAR IN THE MID 1700sTHIS WILL HELP LEAD TO WAR IN THE MID 1700s

AFTER THE FALL OF THE NOVA SCOTIA THE BRITISH THE AFTER THE FALL OF THE NOVA SCOTIA THE BRITISH THE GOVERNOR CHARLES LAWRENCE DECIDED TO ELIMINATE GOVERNOR CHARLES LAWRENCE DECIDED TO ELIMINATE THE ACADIANS AS A POSSIBLE THREATTHE ACADIANS AS A POSSIBLE THREAT

ALL ACADIANS WERE TO LEAVE NOVA SCOTIA UNLESS THE ALL ACADIANS WERE TO LEAVE NOVA SCOTIA UNLESS THE TOOK AN OATH TO ENGLAND THAT INCLUDED BEARING TOOK AN OATH TO ENGLAND THAT INCLUDED BEARING ARMS IN CASE OF WARARMS IN CASE OF WAR

MOST REFUSED AND THE ENGLISH LOOKED THE OTHER MOST REFUSED AND THE ENGLISH LOOKED THE OTHER WAY RATHER THAN SEE THE ACADIAN SETTLERS LEAVE WAY RATHER THAN SEE THE ACADIAN SETTLERS LEAVE THE AREA AS THEY WERE NEEDED AS FARMERSTHE AREA AS THEY WERE NEEDED AS FARMERS

THE REASON THE ACADIANS REFUSED IS MOSTLY DUE THE REASON THE ACADIANS REFUSED IS MOSTLY DUE TO THE LACK OF A GUARANTEE OF RELIGIOUS TO THE LACK OF A GUARANTEE OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM AND NOT THE OATH ITSELFFREEDOM AND NOT THE OATH ITSELF

THEY WOULD LIKELY HAVE REMAINED NEUTRAL IN THEY WOULD LIKELY HAVE REMAINED NEUTRAL IN HOSTILITIES SINCE FEW HAD CLOSE TIES TO FRANCEHOSTILITIES SINCE FEW HAD CLOSE TIES TO FRANCE

BY THE 1750s HOWEVER WAR WITH FRANCE WAS BY THE 1750s HOWEVER WAR WITH FRANCE WAS IMMINENTIMMINENT

THE OATH WAS MODIFIED TO ELIMINATE ANY THE OATH WAS MODIFIED TO ELIMINATE ANY POSSIBLE MILITARY SERVICE, BUT STILL THE POSSIBLE MILITARY SERVICE, BUT STILL THE ACADIANS REFUSED ON RELIGIOUS GROUNDSACADIANS REFUSED ON RELIGIOUS GROUNDS

THEN WHEN WAR BROKE OUT IN 1755, AND FORT THEN WHEN WAR BROKE OUT IN 1755, AND FORT BEAUSEJOUR WAS FOUND TO HAVE ACADIAN BEAUSEJOUR WAS FOUND TO HAVE ACADIAN DEFENDERS, LAWRENCE BEGAN THE EXPULSIONDEFENDERS, LAWRENCE BEGAN THE EXPULSION

IN ALL 6,000-10,000 ACADIANS WERE DEPORTED FROM IN ALL 6,000-10,000 ACADIANS WERE DEPORTED FROM NOVA SCOTIA AND NEW BRUNSWICKNOVA SCOTIA AND NEW BRUNSWICK

MANY DIED, AND FAMILIES WERE OFTEN SPLIT UP MANY DIED, AND FAMILIES WERE OFTEN SPLIT UP

OVER TIME MANY RETURNED SECRETLY OR OVER TIME MANY RETURNED SECRETLY OR MANAGED TO AVOID DEPORTATION BY HIDINGMANAGED TO AVOID DEPORTATION BY HIDING

THEIR PERSEVERANCE DESPITE FRENCH APATHY, THEIR PERSEVERANCE DESPITE FRENCH APATHY, AND ENGLISH PERSECUTION TO MAINTAIN A AND ENGLISH PERSECUTION TO MAINTAIN A CULTURE IS COMMENDABLE, AND TO THIS DAY CULTURE IS COMMENDABLE, AND TO THIS DAY THE CELEBRATION OF ACADIAN CULTURE IS THE CELEBRATION OF ACADIAN CULTURE IS VERY IMPORTANT TO THE REGIONVERY IMPORTANT TO THE REGION

2004 SAW THE WORLD ACADIAN CONGRESS 2004 SAW THE WORLD ACADIAN CONGRESS WHERE ACADIANS FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD WHERE ACADIANS FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD RETURNED TO THE HOME OF THEIR ANCESTORSRETURNED TO THE HOME OF THEIR ANCESTORS

WERE TO BE HELD BIANNUALLY AFTER THAT BUT WERE TO BE HELD BIANNUALLY AFTER THAT BUT KATRINA INTERFERED.KATRINA INTERFERED.

NEW FRANCENEW FRANCE AFTER CARTIER HAD TRAVELED DOWN THE ST LAWRENCE TO AFTER CARTIER HAD TRAVELED DOWN THE ST LAWRENCE TO

MONTREAL AND QUEBEC VARIOUS PEOPLE HAD BEEN GIVEN MONTREAL AND QUEBEC VARIOUS PEOPLE HAD BEEN GIVEN THE TASK OF SETTLING THE AREA… ALL FAILEDTHE TASK OF SETTLING THE AREA… ALL FAILED

1608 THAT SOME SEMBLANCE OF A PERMANENT SETTLEMENT 1608 THAT SOME SEMBLANCE OF A PERMANENT SETTLEMENT FOUNDED IN QUEBEC BY SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN THE KING’S FOUNDED IN QUEBEC BY SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN THE KING’S GEOGRAPHER FROM ACADIA AND SIEUR DE MONTSGEOGRAPHER FROM ACADIA AND SIEUR DE MONTS

CHAMPLAIN GIVEN FUR TRADE. WAS TO USE PROFITS TO CHAMPLAIN GIVEN FUR TRADE. WAS TO USE PROFITS TO MAKE A SOLID COLONYMAKE A SOLID COLONY

HE USED THE HURON AS MIDDLEMEN FOR HIS FUR EMPIREHE USED THE HURON AS MIDDLEMEN FOR HIS FUR EMPIRE

THE HURON WOULD TRAVEL THE INTERIOR COLLECTING FURS THE HURON WOULD TRAVEL THE INTERIOR COLLECTING FURS AND RETURN WITH THEM TO QUEBECAND RETURN WITH THEM TO QUEBEC

THIS LED THE FRENCH INTO CONFLICT WITH THE IROQUOIS THIS LED THE FRENCH INTO CONFLICT WITH THE IROQUOIS CONFEDERACY A TRADITIONAL ENEMY OF THE HURONCONFEDERACY A TRADITIONAL ENEMY OF THE HURON

TO PROTECT HIS SUPPLY OF FUR, CHAMPLAIN TO PROTECT HIS SUPPLY OF FUR, CHAMPLAIN HELPED THE HURON ATTACK AND DEFEAT A FORCE HELPED THE HURON ATTACK AND DEFEAT A FORCE OF IROQUOIS OF IROQUOIS

IN RETALIATION THE IROQUOIS THEN ATTACK IN RETALIATION THE IROQUOIS THEN ATTACK HURONIA AND VIRTUALLY WIPE IT OUTHURONIA AND VIRTUALLY WIPE IT OUT

THIS NOW LEADS THE FRENCH WITHOUT THEIR THIS NOW LEADS THE FRENCH WITHOUT THEIR PROVIDER OF FURS.. COURIERS DE BOIS AND METISPROVIDER OF FURS.. COURIERS DE BOIS AND METIS

MEANWHILE THE ENGLISH TOO WERE MAKING MEANWHILE THE ENGLISH TOO WERE MAKING CLAIMS ON THE FURS OF THE INTERIOR OF CANADA CLAIMS ON THE FURS OF THE INTERIOR OF CANADA THROUGH THEIR HUDSON’S BAY ROUTETHROUGH THEIR HUDSON’S BAY ROUTE

TENSION BTW TWO ENEMIES GROW (WAR IN TENSION BTW TWO ENEMIES GROW (WAR IN ACADIA)ACADIA)

DESPITE HIS SUCCESS WITH THE FUR TRADE QUEBEC AS DESPITE HIS SUCCESS WITH THE FUR TRADE QUEBEC AS A COLONY WAS NOT GROWINGA COLONY WAS NOT GROWING

PEOPLE WHO DID ARRIVE DID NOT WANT TO FARM, THEY PEOPLE WHO DID ARRIVE DID NOT WANT TO FARM, THEY WANTED TO TRADE IN FURWANTED TO TRADE IN FUR

IN ONE GOOD YEAR, THE FRENCH COULD OFTEN MAKE IN ONE GOOD YEAR, THE FRENCH COULD OFTEN MAKE MORE MONEY THAT A DECADE OF FARMINGMORE MONEY THAT A DECADE OF FARMING

IN THREE OR FOUR A MAN COULD RETIRE WEALTHYIN THREE OR FOUR A MAN COULD RETIRE WEALTHY

THUS AS PEOPLE CAME OVER AS SETTLERS THEY THUS AS PEOPLE CAME OVER AS SETTLERS THEY OFTEN DISAPPEARED INTO THE INTERIOR LOOKING FOR OFTEN DISAPPEARED INTO THE INTERIOR LOOKING FOR FURS OF THEIR OWNFURS OF THEIR OWN

AS A RESULT BY 1627 THE POPULATION OF QUEBEC AS A RESULT BY 1627 THE POPULATION OF QUEBEC WAS ONLY 65WAS ONLY 65

NOW THE FRENCH GOVERNMENT TRIED SOMETHING NOW THE FRENCH GOVERNMENT TRIED SOMETHING NEWNEW

A GROUP KNOWN AS THE COMPANY OF ONE HUNDRED A GROUP KNOWN AS THE COMPANY OF ONE HUNDRED ASSOCIATES WAS GIVEN A FEUDAL HOLDING SYSTEM OF ASSOCIATES WAS GIVEN A FEUDAL HOLDING SYSTEM OF LAND, IN EXCHANGE FOR BRINGING OUT 300 SETTLERS A LAND, IN EXCHANGE FOR BRINGING OUT 300 SETTLERS A YEARYEAR

THIS SYSTEM ALSO FAILED AS 20 YRS LATER THE THIS SYSTEM ALSO FAILED AS 20 YRS LATER THE POPULATION WAS ONLY 400POPULATION WAS ONLY 400

IN 1645 THE FRENCH GOVERNMENT OF LOUIS XIV DECIDED IN 1645 THE FRENCH GOVERNMENT OF LOUIS XIV DECIDED TO TAKE MATTERS INTO THEIR OWN HAND AND A ROYAL TO TAKE MATTERS INTO THEIR OWN HAND AND A ROYAL COLONY WAS ESTABLISHEDCOLONY WAS ESTABLISHED

IN 1665 JEAN TALON WAS MADE THE INTENDENT OF NEW IN 1665 JEAN TALON WAS MADE THE INTENDENT OF NEW FRANCE… HE WAS MORE SUCCESSFULFRANCE… HE WAS MORE SUCCESSFUL

WHILE HE TOO HAD TROUBLE BRINGING PEOPLE FROM WHILE HE TOO HAD TROUBLE BRINGING PEOPLE FROM FRANCE, SO HE ENCOURAGED EX SOLDIERS HERE TO FRANCE, SO HE ENCOURAGED EX SOLDIERS HERE TO STAY WITH LARGE LAND GRANTSSTAY WITH LARGE LAND GRANTS

HE ALSO BROUGHT OVER WOMEN OF MARRIAGEABLE HE ALSO BROUGHT OVER WOMEN OF MARRIAGEABLE AGE TO CREATE A MORE HOSPITABLE ENVIRONMENT FOR AGE TO CREATE A MORE HOSPITABLE ENVIRONMENT FOR MALESMALES

HE ALSO PAID CASH BONUSES FOR LARGE FAMILIES, SO HE ALSO PAID CASH BONUSES FOR LARGE FAMILIES, SO HE ATTEMPTED THE FIRST BREEDING PROGRAM TO HE ATTEMPTED THE FIRST BREEDING PROGRAM TO RAISE THE POPULATIONRAISE THE POPULATION

IN JUST 7 YRS HIS EFFORTS HAD BROUGHT THE IN JUST 7 YRS HIS EFFORTS HAD BROUGHT THE POPULATION OF QUEBEC UP TO OVER 7,000POPULATION OF QUEBEC UP TO OVER 7,000

HIS SUCCESSORS WERE NOT NEARLY AS SUCCESSFULHIS SUCCESSORS WERE NOT NEARLY AS SUCCESSFUL

BY 1678 IMMIGRATION INTO QUEBEC FROM FRANCE BY 1678 IMMIGRATION INTO QUEBEC FROM FRANCE VIRTUALLY ENDED AND THE LIFE OF THE QUEBEC VIRTUALLY ENDED AND THE LIFE OF THE QUEBEC HABITANT BECAME INCREASINGLY ALOOF FROM HABITANT BECAME INCREASINGLY ALOOF FROM FRANCEFRANCE

FROM THIS POINT ON MOST FRENCH IN NEW FRANCE FROM THIS POINT ON MOST FRENCH IN NEW FRANCE WERE BORN HEREWERE BORN HERE

BY THE FALL OF QUEBEC THIS GROUP NUMBERED OVER BY THE FALL OF QUEBEC THIS GROUP NUMBERED OVER 60,000 ALMOST ALL QUEBECOIS NOT FRENCH60,000 ALMOST ALL QUEBECOIS NOT FRENCH

LIFE IN NEW FRANCELIFE IN NEW FRANCE SEIGNEURIALISM WAS THE PRACTICE OF LAND DISTRIBUTIONSEIGNEURIALISM WAS THE PRACTICE OF LAND DISTRIBUTION

VERY SIMILAR TO FEUDALISM OF EUROPEVERY SIMILAR TO FEUDALISM OF EUROPE

CROWN GAVE LARGE PIECE OF LAND TO SEIGNEUR WHO WAS CROWN GAVE LARGE PIECE OF LAND TO SEIGNEUR WHO WAS TO SETTLE THE LAND AND DEFEND IT TO SETTLE THE LAND AND DEFEND IT

HE GIVES SMALLER PIECES TO OTHERS CALLED CENSITAIRES HE GIVES SMALLER PIECES TO OTHERS CALLED CENSITAIRES TO SETTLE THE LANDTO SETTLE THE LAND

THE CENSITAIRES PAY YEARLY RENTS AND SERVICES TO THE THE CENSITAIRES PAY YEARLY RENTS AND SERVICES TO THE SEIGNEUR INCLUDING WILLINGNESS TO DEFEND THE LANDSEIGNEUR INCLUDING WILLINGNESS TO DEFEND THE LAND

THE SEIGNEUR ALSO HAD TO PROVIDE A MILL, COURT AND THE SEIGNEUR ALSO HAD TO PROVIDE A MILL, COURT AND OTHER NECESSITIES FOR THE CENSITAIRES TO USE FOR A OTHER NECESSITIES FOR THE CENSITAIRES TO USE FOR A FEEFEE

ALL PARCELS OF LAND HAD RIVER FRONTAGE FOR ALL PARCELS OF LAND HAD RIVER FRONTAGE FOR TRANSPORTATION AND IRRIGATION. LEADS TO VERY LONG TRANSPORTATION AND IRRIGATION. LEADS TO VERY LONG THIN FARMSTHIN FARMS

THE DIVISION OF STATUS WAS NOT AS HIGH AS IN FRANCE, THE DIVISION OF STATUS WAS NOT AS HIGH AS IN FRANCE, BUT WITH THIS TYPE OF LAND GRANTING FRANCE THOUGHT BUT WITH THIS TYPE OF LAND GRANTING FRANCE THOUGHT THEY COULD ATTRACT PEOPLE TO GOTHEY COULD ATTRACT PEOPLE TO GO

LOWER NOBILITY OF FRANCE WOULD GO TO GET LARGE LOWER NOBILITY OF FRANCE WOULD GO TO GET LARGE LAND GRANTSLAND GRANTS

LANDLESS FARMERS WOULD GO TO GET THEIR OWN LANDLANDLESS FARMERS WOULD GO TO GET THEIR OWN LAND

OVER TIME THE PEOPLE THAT LIVED IN NEW FRANCE BECAME OVER TIME THE PEOPLE THAT LIVED IN NEW FRANCE BECAME KNOWN AS HABITANTSKNOWN AS HABITANTS

THEY WERE THE WORKERS OF THE LAND AND OFTEN STAYED THEY WERE THE WORKERS OF THE LAND AND OFTEN STAYED ALOOF OF POLITICAL MATTERSALOOF OF POLITICAL MATTERS

THEY GREW FOOD, HUNTED IN THE FORESTS, AND WERE VERY THEY GREW FOOD, HUNTED IN THE FORESTS, AND WERE VERY RELIGIOUSRELIGIOUS

DESPITE THEIR EFFORTS TO LIVE IN PEACE, WAR WOULD DESPITE THEIR EFFORTS TO LIVE IN PEACE, WAR WOULD COME TO THEMCOME TO THEM

BY 1755 WAR HAD BROKEN OUT BETWEEN ENGLAND AND BY 1755 WAR HAD BROKEN OUT BETWEEN ENGLAND AND FRANCE IN NORTH AMERICAFRANCE IN NORTH AMERICA

THIS IS THE SEVEN YEARS WAR (BEGINS THE NEXT YEAR THIS IS THE SEVEN YEARS WAR (BEGINS THE NEXT YEAR IN EUROPE)IN EUROPE)

FOR THE FIRST COUPLE OF YEARS THE WAR WENT OKAY FOR THE FIRST COUPLE OF YEARS THE WAR WENT OKAY FOR THE FRENCH AS THEY CONTROLLED THE ENTRY INTO FOR THE FRENCH AS THEY CONTROLLED THE ENTRY INTO THE ST LAWRENCE VIA FORTRESS OF LOUISBOURGTHE ST LAWRENCE VIA FORTRESS OF LOUISBOURG

THEY ALSO CONTROLLED THE STRATEGIC POINTS ALONG THEY ALSO CONTROLLED THE STRATEGIC POINTS ALONG THE RIVERTHE RIVER

BY 1758 HOWEVER, THE WAR TURNED. THE BRITISH NAVY BY 1758 HOWEVER, THE WAR TURNED. THE BRITISH NAVY RULED THE SEAS, AND USING BLOCKADE AND NAVAL RULED THE SEAS, AND USING BLOCKADE AND NAVAL BOMBARDMENT FORT FRONTENAC AND LOUISBOURG BOMBARDMENT FORT FRONTENAC AND LOUISBOURG BOTH FELLBOTH FELL

NOW THE FRENCH HAD TO RETREAT TO QUEBEC AND NOW THE FRENCH HAD TO RETREAT TO QUEBEC AND AWAIT ATTACKAWAIT ATTACK

THE FRENCH WERE LED BY GENERAL MONTCALME AND THE FRENCH WERE LED BY GENERAL MONTCALME AND THE BRITISH BY GENERAL WOLFETHE BRITISH BY GENERAL WOLFE

THE BRITISH CONTINUOUSLY SUPPLIED THEIR MEN THE BRITISH CONTINUOUSLY SUPPLIED THEIR MEN BY SEA AND THE FRENCH COULD NOT GET BY SEA AND THE FRENCH COULD NOT GET SUPPLIES OR MORE MEN FROM FRANCESUPPLIES OR MORE MEN FROM FRANCE

THUS MONTCALME WAS ON HIS OWNTHUS MONTCALME WAS ON HIS OWN

IN SEPTEMBER 1759 THE TWO MET ON THE PLAINS IN SEPTEMBER 1759 THE TWO MET ON THE PLAINS OF ABRAHAM WHERE BOTH WERE MORTALLY OF ABRAHAM WHERE BOTH WERE MORTALLY WOUNDEDWOUNDED

IN THE END THE BRITISH TAKE THE DAY AND IN THE END THE BRITISH TAKE THE DAY AND QUEBEC FALLS TO THE ENGLISHQUEBEC FALLS TO THE ENGLISH

THE FOLLOWING YEAR 1760 MONTREAL FALLS AND THE FOLLOWING YEAR 1760 MONTREAL FALLS AND NEW FRANCE OFFICIALLY CEASES TO EXISTNEW FRANCE OFFICIALLY CEASES TO EXIST

NOW THE FRENCH HAD HOPED TO WIN THE WAR IN NOW THE FRENCH HAD HOPED TO WIN THE WAR IN EUROPE AND GET BACK HER POSSESSIONS IN NORTH EUROPE AND GET BACK HER POSSESSIONS IN NORTH AMERICA AT THE BARGAINING TABLE AS SHE HAD DONE AMERICA AT THE BARGAINING TABLE AS SHE HAD DONE BEFOREBEFORE

THIS TIME IT DID NOT HAPPENTHIS TIME IT DID NOT HAPPEN

IN 1763 THE TREATY OF PARIS CEDED ALL FRENCH IN 1763 THE TREATY OF PARIS CEDED ALL FRENCH CLAIMS IN NORTH AMERICA TO ENGLAND EXCEPT ST CLAIMS IN NORTH AMERICA TO ENGLAND EXCEPT ST PIERRE AND MIQUELONPIERRE AND MIQUELON

NOW THE ENGLISH HAD TO DECIDE WHAT TO DO WITH NOW THE ENGLISH HAD TO DECIDE WHAT TO DO WITH 60,000 FRENCH IN THE MIDDLE OF THEIR EMPIRE60,000 FRENCH IN THE MIDDLE OF THEIR EMPIRE

THEY OFFERED FREE AND SAFE TRANSPORTATION TO THEY OFFERED FREE AND SAFE TRANSPORTATION TO FRANCE FOR ALL WHO WISHED TO GOFRANCE FOR ALL WHO WISHED TO GO

SOME RICH AND ARMY OFFICERS WENT, BUT THE SOME RICH AND ARMY OFFICERS WENT, BUT THE HABITANTS WANTED TO STAY, MOST HAD NEVER EVEN HABITANTS WANTED TO STAY, MOST HAD NEVER EVEN BEEN TO FRANCE AND THEIR LIFE WAS HEREBEEN TO FRANCE AND THEIR LIFE WAS HERE

THE BRITISH QUICKLY DISMISSED ANOTHER THE BRITISH QUICKLY DISMISSED ANOTHER LARGE-SCALE DEPORTATION AS THE ONE LARGE-SCALE DEPORTATION AS THE ONE WITH THE ACADIANS WAS DIFFICULT WITH THE ACADIANS WAS DIFFICULT ENOUGH AND FAILED IN MANY WAYSENOUGH AND FAILED IN MANY WAYS

IN THE END THE BRITISH DECIDE TO IN THE END THE BRITISH DECIDE TO PLACATE THE FRENCH IN QUEBEC AND PLACATE THE FRENCH IN QUEBEC AND KEEP THEM HAPPYKEEP THEM HAPPY

THEY DID THIS AS GROWING AMERICAN THEY DID THIS AS GROWING AMERICAN DISSENT IN THE 13 COLONIES MEANT THE DISSENT IN THE 13 COLONIES MEANT THE BRITISH WERE ON THE VERGE OF A BRITISH WERE ON THE VERGE OF A REVOLUTION IN THEIR EMPIREREVOLUTION IN THEIR EMPIRE

IF QUEBEC WERE HAPPY, IT WOULD MEAN IF QUEBEC WERE HAPPY, IT WOULD MEAN ONE LESS GROUP THE BRITISH HAD TO ONE LESS GROUP THE BRITISH HAD TO WORRY ABOUT. WORRY ABOUT.