Early American Early American Industrialization & Industrialization &

the National the National EconomyEconomyMr. PagliaroMr. Pagliaro

Seymour High SchoolSeymour High School

Transportation Transportation RevolutionRevolution

By 1832, nearly 2400 mi. of road By 1832, nearly 2400 mi. of road connected most major cities.connected most major cities.

First Turnpike- 1790 First Turnpike- 1790 Lancaster, PALancaster, PA

Cumberland (National Cumberland (National Road), 1811Road), 1811

Erie Canal SystemErie Canal System

Begun in 1817; completed in 1825Begun in 1817; completed in 1825

Erie CanalErie Canal, 1820s, 1820s

1807: The 1807: The ClermontClermont

Robert FultonRobert Fulton & the & the SteamboatSteamboat

Principal Canals in 1840Principal Canals in 1840

Inland Freight RatesInland Freight Rates

Clipper ShipsClipper Ships

1830 1830 13 miles of track built by 13 miles of track built by Baltimore & Baltimore & Ohio RROhio RR

By 1850 By 1850 9000 mi. of RR track [1860 9000 mi. of RR track [1860 31,000 31,000 mi.]mi.]

The Iron Horse Wins! The Iron Horse Wins! (1830)(1830)

• Immigrant laborbuilt the No. RRs.

• Slave laborbuilt the So. RRs.

The Railroad Revolution-The Railroad Revolution-1850s1850s

• Americans were willing to try Americans were willing to try anything.anything.

• They were first copiers, thenThey were first copiers, theninnovators.innovators.

1800 1800 41 patents approved. 41 patents approved.

1860 1860 4,357 4,357

Resourcefulness & Resourcefulness & ExperimentationExperimentation

Invented on Invented on Nathanael Nathanael Greene’s Greene’s

PlantationPlantation

Eli Whitney’s Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin, Cotton Gin, 17911791

Interchangeable PartsInterchangeable Parts Rifle Rifle

Eli Whitney’s Gun Eli Whitney’s Gun FactoryFactory

OliverEvansOliverEvans

First prototype of the First prototype of the locomotivelocomotive

First automated First automated flour millflour mill

John Deere & the Steel John Deere & the Steel Plow (1837)Plow (1837)

Cyrus McCormickCyrus McCormick& the & the Mechanical ReaperMechanical Reaper: :

18311831

1840 – Telegraph1840 – Telegraph

Samuel F. B. Samuel F. B. MorseMorse

Cyrus Field Cyrus Field & the Transatlantic Cable, & the Transatlantic Cable,

18581858

1840s1840sSewing MachineSewing Machine

Elias Howe & Isaac Elias Howe & Isaac SingerSinger

They all regarded They all regarded material advancematerial advance as the natural fruit as the natural fruit of of American republicanismAmerican republicanism & & proof of the proof of the country’s virtuecountry’s virtue and promise. and promise.

A German visitor in the 1840s, Friedrich List, A German visitor in the 1840s, Friedrich List, observed:observed:

Anything new is quickly introduced here, including Anything new is quickly introduced here, including all of the latest inventions. There is no clinging to all of the latest inventions. There is no clinging to old ways. old ways. The moment an American hears the word The moment an American hears the word “invention,” he pricks up his ears.“invention,” he pricks up his ears.

The “The “American DreamAmerican Dream””

The blue line shows, for comparison, the The blue line shows, for comparison, the price of a year’s tuition at Harvard College. price of a year’s tuition at Harvard College. In 1790, it was $24, but by 1860 had risen to In 1790, it was $24, but by 1860 had risen to $104.$104.

Boom/BustBoom/Bust Cycles: 1790- Cycles: 1790-18601860

Distribution of WealthDistribution of Wealth

During the American Revolution,During the American Revolution,45% of all wealth in the top 10% of45% of all wealth in the top 10% ofthe population.the population. 1845 Boston: top 4% owned over1845 Boston: top 4% owned over

65% of the wealth. 65% of the wealth. 1860 Philadelphia: top 1% owned1860 Philadelphia: top 1% owned

over 50% of the wealth. over 50% of the wealth. The gap between rich and poor wasThe gap between rich and poor was

widening! widening!

Understand: DO NOT COPYUnderstand: DO NOT COPY

Samuel SlaterSamuel Slater(“Father of the Factory (“Father of the Factory

System”)System”)

Francis Cabot Lowell’sFrancis Cabot Lowell’s town - 1814 town - 1814

The The Lowell/Waltham Lowell/Waltham SystemSystem::

First Dual-Purpose Textile First Dual-Purpose Textile PlantPlant

Lowell in 1850Lowell in 1850

Lowell MillLowell Mill

Early Textile LoomEarly Textile Loom

New EnglandTextile

Centers:

1830s

New EnglandTextile

Centers:

1830s

New England Dominance in New England Dominance in TextilesTextiles

Starting for LowellStarting for Lowell

What was their typical “profile?”What was their typical “profile?”

Lowell GirlsLowell Girls

What was boardinghouse life What was boardinghouse life like?like?

Lowell Boarding HousesLowell Boarding Houses

Lowell Mills Time Table

Lowell Mills Time Table

Early Early “Union” “Union” NewslettNewslett

erer

Early Early “Union” “Union” NewslettNewslett

erer

February 20, 1845 issue.February 20, 1845 issue.

The Factory Girl’s GarlandThe Factory Girl’s Garland

Irish Immigrant Girls at Irish Immigrant Girls at LowellLowell

Workingman’s Party Workingman’s Party (1829)(1829) ** Founded by Robert Dale Owen Founded by Robert Dale Owen and and others in New York City. others in New York City.Early unions were usually local, Early unions were usually local, social, and weak.social, and weak.

The Early Union The Early Union MovementMovement

EAST EAST IndustrialIndustrial

SOUTH SOUTH Cotton & SlaveryCotton & Slavery

WEST WEST The Nation’s The Nation’s “Breadbasket”“Breadbasket”

Regional SpecializationRegional Specialization

American Population American Population Centers in 1820Centers in 1820

American Population American Population Centers in 1860Centers in 1860

Why now?Why now?

National Origin of National Origin of Immigrants:Immigrants:1820 - 18601820 - 1860

POTATOPOTATOFAMINEFAMINE

Know-Nothing Party:

“The Supreme Order of the

Star-Spangled Banner”

Know-Nothing Party:

“The Supreme Order of the

Star-Spangled Banner”

Changing Occupation Changing Occupation Distributions:Distributions:1820 - 18601820 - 1860

ECONOMIC?ECONOMIC?

SOCIAL?SOCIAL?

POLITICAL?POLITICAL?

FUTUREPROBLEMS?FUTURE

PROBLEMS?