e-paper project

7/27/2019 E-paper Project

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ABSTRACT

E-paper is a revolutionary material that can be used to make next generationelectronic displays. It is portable reusable storage and display medium that look like paper

but can be repeatedly written one thousands of times. These displays make the beginning

of a new area for battery power information applications such as cell phones, pagers,

watches and hand -held computers etc.

Two companies are carrying our pioneering works in the field of development

of electronic ink and both have developed ingenious methods to produce electronic ink.

O ne is E- ink, a company based at ambridge, in !.".#. The other company is $eroxdoing research work at the $erox%s &alo #lto 'esearch entre. (oth technologies being

developed commercially for electronically co nfigurable paper like displays rely on

microscopic beads that change color in response to the charges on nearby electrodes.

To build e-paper, several different technologies exist, some using plastic substrate

and electronics so that the display is flexible. E-paper or electronics ink display

technology designed to mimic the appearance of ordinary ink on paper. !nlike a

conventional flat panel display, which uses a back light to illuminate its pixels,

electronic paper reflects light like ordinary paper and is capable of holding text and

images indefinitely without drawing electricity, while allowing the image to be change

later.

)ike traditional paper, E-paper must be lightweight, flexible, glare free and low

cost. 'esearch found that in *ust few years this technology could replace paper in many

situations and leading us ink a truly paperless world.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

+. IT'O!TIO +

+.+ istory /

/. TEO)O01 !"E

/.+ 0yricon

2

2

/./ Electrophoretic 2

/.2 Electrowetting 3

/.4 Electrofluid ic 5

2. 6E1 (E,I7IT"

2.+ &aper-like 'eadability

8

8

2./ !ltra-)ow &ower onsumption +9

2.2 Thin, )ight 7orm 7actor +9

2.4 The !ltimate :obile isplay "olution +9

2.; Twistable ++

2.3 "imple manufacturing process ++

4. I0)I0T" O7 E)ET'OI I,6 +/

;. I"#

>. O,)!"IO, +8

(I()IO0'#&1 /9


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E-Paper Technology +

Dept. of Information WH Engineering

1. INTRODUCTION

Today%s electronic displays have ever more evolved to be more lightweight,

efficient and clear. 1et the importance of the paper has not diminished. =e still prefer it to

others for a variety of reasons including its readability, high contrast, convenient h

andling, minimum power re?uirement cost and strain less reading it offers. #t the

same time, an electronic display offers us a paperless environment and relieves us from

carrying loads of paper for referring to information when re?uired.

Electronic ink is a pioneering invention that combines all the desired features of a

modern electronic display and the sheer convenience and physical versatility of sheet

of paper. E-paper or electronic paper is sometimes called radio paper or smart paper.

&aper would be perfect except for one obvious thing@ printed words can%t change. The effort

is to create a dynamic high-resolution electronic display that%s thin and flexible enough to

become the next generation of paper.

The technology has been identified and develop ed is well under way. =ithin

five years, it is envisioned electronic books that can display volumes of information aseasily as flipping a page and permanent newspapers that update themselves daily via

wireless broadcast. They deliver the readability of paper under virtually any

condition, without backlighting. #nd electronic ink displays are persistent without

power, drawing current only when they change, which means batteries can be smaller and

last longer.


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E-Paper Technology /

1.1 History

Electronic paper was first developed in the +859s by ick " heridon at $eroxAs

&alo #lto 'esearch center. The first electronic paper, called 0yricon, consisted of tiny,

statically charged balls that were black o n one side and white on the other. The BtextB of

the paper was altered by the presence of an electric field, which turned the balls up or

down.

In the +889s another type of electronic paper was invented by C o s e p h C ac ob s o n ,

who later co- founded the corporation E I n k which formed a partnership with & h ili ps

o m p o n e n ts two years later to develop and market the technology
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Jacobsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Jacobsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_Inkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philips_Components&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philips_Components&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Jacobsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Jacobsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_Inkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philips_Components&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philips_Components&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990s


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E-Paper Technology 2

2. TECHNOLOGY USED

2.1 GyriconElectronic paper was first developed in the +859s by ick " heridon at $ e r o x %s

& a lo # lto ' e s ea r c h e n t e r. The first electronic paper, called 0 y r ic o n , consisted of

polyethylene spheres between 5; and +93 micrometers across. Each sphere is a C a n u s

p a r t ic le composed of negatively charged black plastic on one side and positively

charged white plastic on the otherDeach bead is thus a dipole. The spheres are embedded

in a transparent silicone sheet, with each sphere suspended in a bubble of oil so that they

can rotate freely. The polarity of the voltage applied to each pair of electrodes thendetermines whether the white or black side is face- up, thus giving the pixel a white or

black appearance. #t the 7& /99> e xhibition, Capanese company "oken has

demonstrated a wall with electronic wall-paper using this technology

2.2 Electro!oretic

#n electrophoretic display forms visible images by rearranging charged pigment

particles using an applied e lec tr ic f ie ld .

7ig-/.+@ (asic "cheme of an Electrophoretic isplay
http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Xeroxhttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Xeroxhttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Xerox_PARChttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Xerox_PARChttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Gyriconhttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Gyriconhttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Janus_particlehttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Janus_particlehttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Electric_fieldhttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Xeroxhttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Xerox_PARChttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Gyriconhttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Janus_particlehttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Janus_particlehttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Electric_field


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In the simplest implementation of an electrophoretic display,

t it a n ium d io x ide particles approximately one micrometer in diameter are dispersed in a

hydrocarbon oil. # dark-colored dye is also added to the oil, along withs u r f ac ta n ts and c h a r g ing a g e n ts that cause the particles to take on an electric charge. This

mixture is placed between two parallel, conductive plates separated by a gap of +9 to +99

mi c r o m e te r s . =hen a voltage is applied across the two plates, the particles will migrate

e lec t r o p h o r e t ic a ll y to the plate bearing the opposite charge from that on the particles.

=hen the particles are located at the front Dviewing side of the display, it appears white,

because light is scattered back to the viewer by the high- index titanium particles. =hen

the particles are located at the rear side of the display, it appears dark, because theincident light is absorbed by the colored dye. If the rear electrode is divided into a

number of small picture elements Dp ix e ls , then an image can be formed by app lying the

appropriate voltage to each region of the d isplay to create a pattern of reflecting and

absorbing regions.

Electrophoretic displays are considered prime examples of the electronic paper

category, because of their paper- like appearance and low power consumption.

Electrophoretic displays can be manufactured using the E le c tr o n ic s o n & la s t ic

b y ) a s e r ' e lea s e D E & ) a ' process developed by & h il ips ' e s e a r c h to enable existing

# : - ) D#ctive matrix li?uid crystal display manufacturing plants to create flexible

plastic displays.

2.2.1. E le c t r o n ic s o n " l# s t ic $y L # s e r R e le # s e % E " L # R & '

Electronics on & lastic by )aser 'elease DE&)a' is a method for

manufacturing flexible electrophoretic display using conventional # : - )

manufacturing e?uipment avoiding the need to build new factories. The technology can

also be used to manufacture flexible O )E DOrganic )E displays using standard O

)E fabricat ion facilities.

The technology was developed by & h ili p s ' e s e a r c h and uses standard display glass

as used in T 7 T - ) processing plants. It is coated with a layer of polyimide

using a standard s p in - c o a t ing procedure used in the production of #:-) displays.
http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Titanium_dioxidehttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Surfactanthttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/w/index.php?title=Charging_agent&action=edit&redlink=1http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Micrometrehttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Electrophoresishttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Pixelshttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/EPLaRhttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/EPLaRhttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Philipshttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/AM-LCDhttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/EPLaRhttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/EPLaRhttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/EPLaRhttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/EPLaRhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AM-LCDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AM-LCDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OLEDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TFT-LCDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin-coatinghttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Titanium_dioxidehttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Surfactanthttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/w/index.php?title=Charging_agent&action=edit&redlink=1http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Micrometrehttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Electrophoresishttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Pixelshttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/EPLaRhttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/EPLaRhttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Philipshttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/AM-LCDhttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/EPLaRhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AM-LCDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AM-LCDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OLEDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TFT-LCDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin-coating


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E-Paper Technology ;This polymide coating can now have a regular T7 T matrix formed on top of it in a

standard T7 T processing


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plant to form the plastic display, which can then be removed using a laser to finish the

display and the glass reused thus lowering the total cost of manufacture.

2.2.2 De(elo)ent in Electro!oretic Disl#y'

In the +889s another type of electronic paper was invented by C o s e p h C ac ob s o n ,

who later co- founded theE I n k o r po r a t io n which formed a partnership with

& h il ips o m p o n e n ts two years later to develop and market the technology. In /99;, &

hilips sold the electronic paper business as well as its related patents to &rime


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The particles are slightly negative ly c h a r g e d , and each one is naturally

white. The microcapsules are held in a layer of li ? u id p o ly m e r , sandwiched between two

arrays of electrodes, the upper of which is made transparent. The two arrays are alignedso that the sheet is divided into pixels, which each pixel corresponding to a pair of

electrodes situated either s ide of the sheet. The sheet is laminated with transparent

plastic for protection, resulting in an overall thickness of >9 micrometers, or twice

that of ordinary paper. The network of electrodes is connected to display circuitry, which

turns the electronic ink %on% and

%off% at specific pixels by applying a voltage to specific pairs of electrodes. #pplyinga

negative charge to the surface electrode repels the particles to the bottom of local

capsules, forcing the black dye to the surface and giving the pixel a black appearance.

'eversing the voltage has the opposite effect - the particles are forced from the surface,

giving the pixel a white appearance. # more recent incarnation of this concept re?uires

only one layer of electrodes benea th the microcapsules.

2.* Electro+ettin,

Electro-wetting display DE= is based on controlling the shape of a

confined waterFoil interface by an applied voltage. =ith no voltage applied, the Dcoloured

oil forms a flat film between the water and a hydrophobic Dwater-repellent, insulating

coating of an electrode, resulting in a coloured pixel.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_chargehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_chargehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid


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E-Paper Technology >7ig-/.2@ #ppearance of pixels seen from transparent electrode layer


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=hen a voltage is applied between the electrode and the water, the interfacial

tension between the water and the coating changes. #s a result the stacked state is no

longer stable, causing the water to move the oil aside.

This results in a partly transparent pixel, or, in case a reflective white surface is used

under the switchable element, a white pixel. (ecause of the small siGe of the p ixel, the

user only experiences the average reflection, which means that a high-brightness, high-

contrast switchable element is obtained, which forms the basis of the reflective display.

isplays based on e le c tr o - w e tt ing have several attractive features. The

switching between white and coloured reflection is fast enough to display video content.

It is a low-power and low- voltage technology, and displays based on the effect can

be made flat and thin. The reflectivity and contrast are better or e?ual to those of other

reflective display types and are approaching those of paper. In addition, the technology

offers a uni?ue path toward high-brightness full-colour displays, leading to displays

that are four times brighter than reflective ) s and twice as bright as other emerging

technologies.

Instead of using red, green and blue D'0( filters or alternating segments of the

three primary colours, which effectively result in only one third of the display reflecting

light in the desired colour, electro-wetting allows for a system in which one sub-pixel is

able to switch two d ifferent colours independently. This results in the availability of

two thirds of the display area to reflect light in any desired colour. This is achieved by

building up a pixel with a stack of two independently controllable coloured oil films plus a

colour filter.

2.-

Electrol/i0ic

E le c tr o f lu id ic d is p la y s are a variation of an electrowetting display.

Electrofluidic displays place an a?ueous pigment dispersion inside a tiny reservoir. The

reservoir comprises

H;-+9 of the viewable pixel area and therefore the pigment is substantially hidden

fromview.


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E-Paper Technology +9spread it as a film directly behind the viewing substrate. #s a result, the display takes on

color and brightness similar to that of conventional pigments printed on paper. =

hen voltage is removed li?uid surface tension causes the pigment dispersion to rapidly

recoil into the


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E-Paper Technology ++

reservoir. #s reported in the :ay /998 Issue of ature & hotonics, the technology

can potentially provide J>; white state reflectance for electronic paper.


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E-Paper Technology +/

*. EY BENEFITS

E-&aper has numerous benefits. The reader does not need to get used to a newformat

- reading an E-&aper e?uals reading a printed newspaper. owever, E-&aper

guarantees independency regarding room and time. E-&aper can be read everywhere in

the world, at every hour, and since digital editions can also be received on & #s

and smart phones, mobility is almost limitless. #dditionally, E-&aper saves resources.

On the one hand, paper and space are saved - because E-&aper does not pile upanywhere - on the other hand, valuable time is saved. " ince the complete pages are

displayed on the & monitor, one instantly gets an overview over all headlines and thus

gets to the relevant articles a lot faster

!nlike conventional )% s and other kinds of reflective displays, an electronic

ink display is exceptionally bright and is ready viewable under both bright and dim

lighting conditions. To be more assertive we could compare e lectronic ink display

with the latest li?uid crystal displays.

Table 2.+@ omparison of E- ink K )

Electronic ink display )i?uid rystal isplays

=ide viewing angle (est image only from one position

(lack on paper white 0ray on gray

'eadable in sunlight an be difficult to see

olds image without power dra in 'e?uired power to hold images

)egible under most lighting conditions Often re?uires backlight

&lastic or glass 0lass only

)ight =eight &ower supply and glass make )srelatively heavy

Thin DL+ mm Thick DL5 mm


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E-Paper Technology +2

*.1 "#erli3e Re#0#$ility

&aper is easily readable over wide variat ions in lighting conditions and viewing

angle. E Ink%s electronic ink technology approaches printed paper in performance by

incorporating the same coloring pigments often used to make paper white and ink black.

=hen reading text, both reflectance and contrast are important factors in determining

the readability of a display. In fact, the contrast of E Ink is nearly twice that of printed

newspaper. #s can be seen from its high reflectance and contrast the E Ink display is

much more readable than ) .

The bright paper-white background of electronic ink eliminates the need for a backlightis most conditions.

*.2 Ultr#Lo+ "o+er Cons/)tion

Electronic ink displays offer greatly reduced power consumption. )ower power

consumption translates to longer battery life, and perhaps more importantly, the ability to

use smaller batteries in electronic ink devices- reducing device weight and cost. Thereason for the reduced power consumption offered by electronic ink d isplays is two- fold@

D+ they are

completely reflective re?uiring no backlight and D/ they are inherently bi-stable for

extended periods of time. Once an image is written on an electronic ink display, it will be

retained without additional power input until the next image is written. ence the power

consumption of an electronic ink display will ultimately depend upon the fre?uency at

which the displayed image is changed. owever, in both cases, a reduction in powerconsumption by several orders of magnitude can be achieved by using electronic ink with

its bi-stable imaging.

*.* T!in4 Li,!t For) F#ctor

#n electronic ink display module is thinner, lighter weight, and more robust than

conventional ) %s. These benefits are especially important in smart handheld

applications where portability is paramount. 7 irst generation, electronic ink displays will

be b ut by laminating electronic ink to a conventional glass T7 T substrate In addition, no

polariGes are re?uired for electronic ink displays. The resulting electronic ink display cell


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E-Paper Technology +4is also about half


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E-Paper Technology +;

that of a typica l ) cell. Elimination of the glass top sheet means that displays made

with an electronic ink display module should be inherently more robust.

*.- T!e Ulti)#te 5o$ile Disl#y Sol/tion

&aper-like viewing characteristics and appearance, combined with ultra- low power

consumption and thin light form factors, make E ink%s electronic ink display material the

ideal technology solution for information intensive, handheld devices such as & #s,

mobile

phones and electronic readersM or any applications re?uiring a high degree of display

legibility.

*.6 T+ist#$le

Electronic &aper is made using soft plastic containing small particles and fluid.

#s there is no hard material, Electronic &aper is highly flexible and it is able to be

twisted or bended into different curvatures. The Electronic &aper can be applied to

different shapes of products, without being limited to being bonded to flat display

panels. The end product becomes more imaginative in shape and style.

*.7 Si)le 5#n/#ct/rin, "rocess

The manufacturing process is carried out using a roll- to-roll method, similar to

printing paper, by in*ecting die lectr ic fluid and charged particles into the layer of

capsules, and then sealing the top layer. The production is performed continuously at

high speed. The

Electronic &aper can be produced in a large for m and then cut into any desired siGe and

shapefor different application re?uirements.


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-.HIGHLIGHTS OF ELECTRONIC IN1

Electronic ink moves information display to a new dynamic level, with

dramatic benefits over traditional media.

"uperior )ook - (ecause it%s made from the same basic materials as regular ink

and paper, electronic ink retains the superior viewing characteristics of paper,

including high contrast, wide viewing angle, and bright paper-white background.


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6. DISAD8ANTAGES

Electronic paper technologies have a very low refresh rate comparing with other

low- power display technologies, such as ). This prevents producers from

implementing sophisticated interactive applications Dusing fast moving menus, mouse

pointers or scroll ing like those which are possible on h a n d h e ld c o m p u te r s . #n example

of this limitation is that a document cannot be smoothly Goomed without either extreme

blurring durin g the transition or a very slow Goom.

#nother limitation is that an imprint of an image may be visible after refreshing

parts of the screen. Those imprints are known as Bghost imagesB, and the effect is

known as BghostingB. This effect is reminiscent of s c r e e n bu r n - in but, unlike it, is

solved after the screen is refreshed several times. Turning every pixel white, then black,

then white, helps normaliGe the contrast of the pixels. This is why several devices with

this technology BflashB the entire screen white and black when loading a new image, in

order to prevent ghosting from happening.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handheld_computershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen_burn-inhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handheld_computershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen_burn-in


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E-Paper Technology +>

7. A""LICATIONS

Electronic &aper behaves similarly to conventional paper, a llowing high

readability under low or high light conditions, and being thin and lightweight and

fully pliable. In addition, Electronic &aper has the advantage of allowing the content to

be changed easily at any time via the Electronic &aper driver I. Electronic &aper will

provide a viable substitute to paper in certain areas. "ome examples of Electronic

&aper applications are described below.

7.1 Electronic S!el L#$el

In a large department store or supermarket, there are many price tag labels on the

shelves indicating product price. =henever there is a change of price information, it is

very tedious to change the price tags individually. (y replacing the paper price tag with

Electronic &aper, the price information can be easily updated once the Electronic &aper

price tags are connected via a wire less network.

7ig-3.+@ Electronic &aper used in &rice Tag #pplication

The Electronic &aper price tag re?uires no battery power to maintain display

and prices can be updated using the energy from the '7 wave to change the image content.


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7.2 Electronic 9#tc! #n0 Cloc3

=atch and clock designs can become more imaginative using Electronic &aper.

7ig-3./@ Electronic &aper =atch and (endable :odule

7or example, a watch using Electronic &aper will allow time and image to be displayedon the wrist strap of the watch.

7.* e2Boo3s

In /994 " o ny released) ib r iN E ( ' - +999 E & in Capan, the first e-book reader with

an electronic paper display. In ovember /993, the i' e x i) ia d was ready for the

consumer market. In ovember /998 (arnes and oble launched the ( a r n e s K o b le

oo k ,based on the # n d r o id op e r a t ing s y s te m .

In late /995, #maGon began producing and marketing the # m a G o n 6 in d le ,an e-

book reader with an e-paper display.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_LIBRI%C3%A9_EBR-1000EPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_LIBRI%C3%A9_EBR-1000EPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRex_iLiadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnes_%26_Noble_Nookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnes_%26_Noble_Nookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnes_%26_Noble_Nookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Kindlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_LIBRI%C3%A9_EBR-1000EPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRex_iLiadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnes_%26_Noble_Nookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnes_%26_Noble_Nookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Kindle


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E-Paper Technology /9

7ig-3.2@ "ony e-(ook reader

7.- S)#rt C#r0 Disl#y

Today, many credit cards contain a smart card to store information such as

accumulated credit and money expenses etc. " ince Electronic &aper has the advantage

of lower power consumption and is as flexible as the card, it offers a good solution to

displaying this type of information on the card.

7.6 Ne+s#ers

In 7ebruary /993, the 7 le mi s h daily e T i* d distributed an electronic version ofthe paper to select subscribers in a limited marketing study, using a pre-release

version of the i' e x i) ia d . This was the first recorded application of electronic ink

to newspaper publishing.

In "eptember /995, the 7 r e n c h daily ) e s c h os announced the official launch of

an electronic version of the paper on a subscription basis.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flandershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Tijdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRex_iLiadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_%C3%89chos_(France)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flandershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Tijdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRex_iLiadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_%C3%89chos_(France)


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E-Paper Technology /+

"ince Canuary /99>, the u tc h daily ' a n d e ls b la d is distributed for the

i' e x i) ia d reader.

7ig-3.4@ Electronic

newspaper

7.7 Ot!er

"ro0/cts

E- Ink unveiled its first product using electronic ink- immediate large-area displays-in

+888. These large signs draw only 9.+ watts of power, which means that the same powerre?uired running a single +99-watt light bulb, could power +,999 immediate signs. E Ink

said that in electronic devices, electronic ink would use ;9 to +99 t imes power than

li?uid crystal displays because electronic ink only needs power when changing its

display. Electronic ink can be printed on any surface, including walls, billboards,

product labels and T-shirts. omeowners could soon be able to instantly change their

digital wallpaper by sending a signal to the electronic ink painted on their walls.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NRC_Handelsbladhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRex_iLiadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NRC_Handelsbladhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRex_iLiad


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E-Paper Technology //

:. THE FUTURE SCENARIO

The oly 0rail of electronic ink technology is a digital book that can typeset

itself and that readers could leaf through *ust as if it were made of regular paper. " uch a

book could be programmed to display the text from a literary work and once you% ve

finished that tale, you could automatically replace it by wirelessly downloading the

latest book from a computer database. $erox had introduced plants to insert a memory

device into the spine of the book, which would allow users to alternate between up to +9

books stored on the device. Cust as electronic ink could radically change the way we read

books, it could change the way you receive yo ur daily newspaper. It could very wellbring an end to newspaper delivery, as we know it. Instead of delivery people tossing the

paper from their bike or out their car window, a new high- tech breed of paper

deliverers who simply press a button on their computer that would simultaneously

update thousands of electronic newspapers each morning. " ure, it would look and feel

like your old paper, but you wouldn%t have to worry about the newsprint getting smudged

on your fingers, and it would also eliminate the piles of old newspapers that need

recycling. &rior to developing digital books and newspapers E-Ink will be developing amarketable electronic display screen for cell phones, %s, pagers and digital watches.


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;. CONCLUSION

Electronic ink is not intended to diminish or do away with traditional displays.Instead electronic ink will initially co-exist with traditional paper and other display

technologies. In the long run, electronic ink may have a multibillion-dollar impact on the

publishing industr y. !ltimately electronic ink will permit almost any surface to

become a disp lay, bringing information out of the confines of trad itional devices and into

the world around us.

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