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МИНИСТЕРСТВО НАУКИ И ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение

высшего образования «УЛЬЯНОВСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»

Е. Г. Гришенкова

СТИЛИСТИКА

Учебно-методическое пособие

Ульяновск УлГТУ

2019

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УДК 862.0(076) ББК 81.2 Англ я 7 Г85

Рецензент – Шарафутдинова Н. С., канд. филол. наук.

Рекомендовано научно-методической комиссией гуманитарного факультета в качестве учебно-методического пособия

Гришенкова, Екатерина Георгиевна Г85 Стилистика: учебно-методическое пособие / Е. Г. Гришенкова. –

Ульяновск : УлГТУ 2019. – 51 с.

Пособие построено как вспомогательное методическое обеспечение аудиторной и самостоятельной работы студентов по программе дисциплины «Стилистика». В учебно-методическом пособии освещены вопросы, предусмотренные рабочей программой специальности 45.03.02 Лингвистика профиль «Теоретическая и прикладная лингвистика» (бакалавриат). Печатается в авторской редакции.

Работа подготовлена на кафедре «Прикладная лингвистика» УлГТУ.

УДК 862.0(076) ББК 81.2 Англ я 7

© Гришенкова Е. Г., 2019 © Оформление. УлГТУ, 2019

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СОДЕРЖАНИЕ Функционально-стилистическая дифференциация словарного состава английского языка ........................................................ 4 Фонетические средства стилистики .............................................................. 7 Изобразительно-выразительные средства английского языка ........................................................................................... 9 Лексические средства стилистики ................................................................ 21 Грамматические средства стилистики .......................................................... 33 Функциональные стили английского языка ................................................. 38 Список авторов текстов произведений, использованных в упражнениях .................................................................... 48 Библиографический список ........................................................................... 51

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ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНО-СТИЛИСТИЧЕСКАЯ ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЦИЯ СЛОВАРНОГО СОСТАВА АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА

Проанализируйте словарное и контекстуальное значения выделенного слова:

1. Mr. James Duffy lived in Chapelizod because he wished to live as far as possible from the city of which he was the citizen and because he found all the other suburbs of Dublin mean, modern and pretentious. (J.J.)

2. He does all our insurance examining and they say he's some doctor. (S.L.) 3. He seemed prosperous, extremely married and unromantic. (S.L.) 4. "What do you think?" The question pops their heads up. (K.K.) 5. We tooled the car into the street and eased it into the ruck of folks. (R.W.) 6. He inched the car forward. (A.H.) 7. "Of course it was considered a great chance for me, as he is so rich. And –

and – we drifted into a sort of understanding – I suppose I should call it an engagement –" "You may have drifted into it; but you will bounce out of it, my pettikins, if I am to have anything to do with it." (B.Sh.)

8. He sat with the strike committee for many hours in a smoky room and agonized over ways and means. (M.G.)

9. Betty loosed fresh tears. (Jn.B.) 10. When the food came, they wolfed it down rapidly. (A.M.) 11. He had seen many places and been many things railroad foreman, plantation

overseer, boss mechanic, cow-puncher, and Texas deputy-sheriff. (J.R.) 12. Station platforms were such long, impersonal, dirty, ugly things, with too

many goodbyes, lost hearts, and tears stamped into the concrete paving. (A. S.)

13. "Let me say, Virginia, that I consider your conduct most unbecoming. Nor at all that of a pure young widow." "Don't be an idiot. Bill. Things are happening." "What kind of things?" "Queer things." (Ch.)

14. I need young critical things like you to punch me up. (S.L.) 15. Oh! the way the women wear their prettiest every thing' (T.C.) Проанализируйте предложения и назовите стилистические функции слов, относящихся к книжному слою лексики. 1. "I must decline to pursue this painful discussion. It is not pleasant to my

feelings; it is repugnant to my feelings." (D.) 2. "I am not in favour of this modern mania for turning bad people into good

people at a moment's notice. As a man sows so let him reap." (O.W.) 3. Isolde the Slender had suitors in plenty to do her lightest hest. Feats of arms

were done daily for her sake. To win her love suitors were willing to vow themselves to perdition. But Isolde the Slender was heedless of the court thus paid to her. (L.)

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4. "He of the iron garment," said Daigety, entering, "is bounden unto you, MacEagh, and this noble lord shall be bounden also." (W.Sc.)

5. If manners maketh man, then manner and grooming maketh poodle. (J. St.) 6. "Thou art the Man," cried Jabes, after a solemn pause, leaning over his

cushion. "Seventy times didst thou gapingly contort thy visage - seventy times seven did I take council with my soul - Lo! this is human weakness: this also may be absolved. The first of the seventy first is come. Brethren - execute upon him the judgement written. Such honour have all His saints." (E. Br.)

7. At noon the hooter and everything died. First, the pulley driving the punch and shears and emery wheels stopped its lick and slap. Simultaneously the compressor providing the blast for a dozen smith-fires went dead. (S. Ch.)

8. "They're real!" he murmured. "My God, they are absolutely real!" Erik turned. "Didn't you believe that the neutron existed?" "Oh, I believed," Fabermacher shrugged away the praise. "To me neutrons were symbols л with a mass of Mn = 1.008. But until now I never saw them." (M.W.)

9. Riding back I saw the Greeks lined up in column of march. They were all still there. Also, all armed. On long marches when no action threatened, they had always piled their armour, helmets and weapons in their carts, keeping only their swords; wearing their short tunics (made from all kinds of stuff, they had been so long from home) and the wide straw hats Greeks travel in, their skins being tender to sun. Now they had on corselets or cuirasses, helmets, even grades if they owned them, and their round shields hung at their backs. (M.R.)

10. There wasn't a man-boy on this ground tonight did not have a shield he cast, riveted or carved himself on his way to his first attack, compounded of remote but nonetheless firm and fiery family devotion, flag-blown patriotism and cocksure immortality strengthened by the touchstone of very real gunpowder, ramrod minnie-ball and flint. (R.Br.)

11. If any dispassionate spectator could have beheld the countenance of the illustrious man, whose name forms the leading feature of the title of this work, during the latter part of this conversation, he would have been almost induced to wonder that the indignant fire that flashed from his eyes, did not melt the glasses of his spectacles – so majestic was his wrath. His nostrils dilated, and his fists clenched involuntarily, as he heard himself addressed by the villain. But he restrained himself again – he did not pulverize him.

12. "Here," continued the hardened traitor tossing the licence at Mr. Pickwick's feet; "get the name altered – take home the lady – do for Tuppy." (D.)

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Проанализируйте предложения и назовите стилистические функции слов, относящихся к стилистически сниженному слою лексики:

1. She's engaged. Nice guy, too. Though there's a slight difference in height. I'd say a foot, her favor." (T.C.)

2. "You know Brooklyn?" "No. I was never there. But I had a buddy at Myer was from Brooklyn." (J.)

3. I didn't really do anything this time. Just pulled the dago out of the river. Like all dagos, he couldn't swim. Well, the fellow was sort of grateful about it. Hung around like a dog. About six months later he died of fever. I was with him. Last thing, just as he was pegging out, he beckoned me and whispered some excited jargon about a secret (Ch.)

4. "Here we are now," she cried, returning with the tray. "And don't look so miz." (P.)

5. "What's the dif," he wanted to know. (Th.S.) 6. Going down the stairs he overheard one beanied freshman he knew talking

to another. "Did you see that black cat with the black whiskers who had those binocks in front of us? That's my comp рrоf." (В. М.)

7. "Don't you intend to get married?" asked Eugene curiously. "I don't know," she replied, "I'd want to think about that. A woman-artist is in a d - of a position anyway," using the letter d only to indicate the word "devil". (Dr.)

8. "There we were... in the hell of a country – pardon me – a country of raw metal. ...It's like a man of sixty looking down his nose at a youth of thirty and there's no such God-damned – pardon me – mistake as that. (G.)

9. "All those medical bastards should go through the ops they put other people through. Then they wouldn't talk so much bloody nonsense or be so damnably unutterably smug." (D. C.)

10. "I thought of going to the flicks," she said. "Or we could go for a walk if it keeps fine." (J.Br.)

11. "Let me warn you that the doc is a frisky bacheldore, Carol. Come on, now, folks, shake a leg. Let's have some stunts or a dance or something." (S.L.)

12. "Goddamn sonofabitching stool," Fishbelly screamed, raining blows on Bert's head. "Lawd Gawd in heaven, I'll kill, kill every chink-chink goddamn chinaman white man on this sonofabitching bastard earth." (Wr.)

13. There was a fearful mess in the room, and piles of unwashed crocks in the kitchen. (A. T.)

14. "Of course I've spent nine years around the Twin Cities – took my B.A. and M.D. over at the U, and had my internship in a hospital in Minneapolis." (S.L.)

15. "How long did they cook you?" Dongeris stopped short and looked at him. "How long did they cook you?" "Since eight this morning. Over twelve hours." "You didn't unbutton then? After twelve hours of it?" "Me? They got a lot of dancing to do before they'll get anything out of me." (Т. Н.)

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16. "Nix on that," said Roy. "I don't need a shyster quack to shoot me full of confidence juice. I want to go through on my own steam." (B. M.)

17. "Go in there, you slob. I hope you get a hell of a lot of fun out of it. He looks too damned sick." (H.)

18. Just then Taylor comes down. "Shut up and eat," my mother says to him before he can open his mouth. In less than five minutes my father is back. "Keep the kids home," he says. "My God," my mother says wearily, "them under foot all day." (Sh. Gr.)

19. "Don't wanna sleep, Don't wanna die, just wanna go a-travelin' through the pastures of the sky." (T.C.)

20. "Never heard anything so bloody daft in all my life." (J.Br.) 21. "You know. The mummies – them dead guys that get buried in them toons

and all." (S.) 22. His expenses didn't go down... washing cost a packet, and you'd be surprised

the amount of linen he needed. (S.M.) 23. "We'll show Levenford what my clever lass can do. I'm looking ahead, and I

can see it. When we've made ye the head scholar of the Academy, then you'll see what your father means to do wi' you. But ye must stick in to your lessons, stick in hard." (A. C.)

ФОНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ СРЕДСТВА СТИЛИСТИКИ

Назовите графические экспрессивные средства и функции, которые они выполняют: 1. "...I ref-use his money altogezzer." (D.) 2. ...on pain of being called a g-irl, I spent most of the remaining twilights that

summer with Miss Maudie Atkinson on her front porch. (H.L.) 3. "...Adieu you, old man, grey. I pity you, and I despise you." (D.) 4. He misses our father very much. He was s-l-a-i-n in North Africa. (S.) 5. We'll teach the children to look at things...I shall make it into a sort of game

for them. Teach them to take notice. Don't let the world pass you by, I shall tell them.. For the sun, I shall say, open your eyes for that laaaarge sun... (A. W.)

6. "...I r-r-r-ruin my character by remaining with a Ladyship so infame!" (D.) 7. You have no conception no conception of what we are fighting over here.

(H. L.) 8. "Oh, what's the difference, Mother?" "Muriel, I want to know." (S.) 9. "And it's my bounden duty as a producer to resist every attack on the

integrity of American industry to the last ditch. Yes – SIR!" (S. L.) 10. "Now listen, Ed, stop that, now! I am desperate. I am desperate, Ed, do you

hear? Can't you see?" (Dr.) 11. When Will's ma was down here keeping house for him – she used to run in

to see me, real often! (S. L.)

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Проанализируйте случаи употребления аллитерации и назовите функции, которые они выполняют:

1. Both were flushed, fluttered and rumpled, by the late scuffle. (D.) 2. The moan of doves in immemorial elms, 3. And murmuring of innumerable bees... (T.) 4. His wife was shrill, languid, handsome and horrible. (Sc.F.) 5. ...he swallowed the hint with a gulp and a gasp and a grin. (R.K.) 6. You lean, long, lanky lath of a lousy bastard... (O'C.) 7. "Luscious, languid and lustful, isn't she?" "Those are not the correct epithets.

She is – or rather was – surly, lustrous and sadistic." (E.W.) Проанализируйте случаи употребления графона:

1. "You remember him at all?" "Just, sort of. Little ole private? Terribly unattractive" (S.)

2. "You're one that ruint it." (J.) 3. "You ast me a question. I answered it for you." (J.) 4. "You'll probly be sick as a dog tomorra, Tills." (J.) 5. Marrow said: "Chawming climate out heah in the tropics, old chap." (J.H.) 6. What this place needs is a woman's touch, as they say in the pitchers. (I. Sh.) 7. "You ain't invited," Doll drawled. "Whada you mean I ain't invited?" (J.) 8. "I've never seen you around much with the rest of the girls. Too bad!

Otherwise we mighta met. I've met all the rest of 'em so far." (Dr.) 9. You're French Canadian aintcha? I bet all the girls go for you, I bet you're

gonna be a great success. (J.K.) 10. "You look awful – whatsamatter with your face?"(J.K.) 11. "Veronica," he thought. "Why isn't she here? Godamnit, why isn't she here?"

(I. Sh.) 12. "Wuddaya think she's doing out there?" (S.) 13. "...for a helluva intelligent guy you're about as tactless as it's humanly

possible to be." (S.) 14. "Ah you guys whattaya doin?" (J.K.) 15. How many cupsacoffee you have in Choy’s this morning? (J.)

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ИЗОБРАЗИТЕЛЬНО-ВЫРАЗИТЕЛЬНЫЕ СРЕДСТВА АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА

Проанализируйте случаи употребления метафоры, охарактеризуйте ее и назовите функции, которые она выполняет: 1. She looked down on Gopher Prairie. The snow stretching without break

from street to devouring prairie beyond, wiped out the town's pretence of being a shelter. The houses were black specks on a white sheet. (S.L.)

2. And the skirts! What a sight were those skirts! They were nothing but vast decorated pyramids; on the summit of each was stuck the upper half of a princess. (A.B.)

3. I was staring directly in front of me, at the back of the driver's neck, which was a relief map of boil scars. (S.)

4. She was handsome in a rather leonine way. Where this girl was a lioness, the other was a panther - lithe and quick. (Ch.)

5. His voice was a dagger of corroded brass. (S.L.) 6. Wisdom has reference only to the past. The future remains for ever an

infinite field for mistakes. You can't know beforehand. (D.H.L.) 7. He felt the first watery eggs of sweat moistening the palms of his hands.

(W. S.) 8. At the last moment before the windy collapse of the day, I myself took the

road down. (Jn. H.) 9. The man stood there in the middle of the street with the deserted dawnlit

boulevard telescoping out behind him. (Т.Н.) 10. Leaving Daniel to his fate, she was conscious of joy springing in her heart.

(A.B.) 11. He smelled the ever-beautiful smell of coffee imprisoned in the can. (J. St.) 12. We talked and talked and talked, easily, sympathetically, wedding her

experience with my articulation. (Jn.B.) 13. "We need you so much here. It's a dear old town, but it's a rough diamond,

and we need you for the polishing, and we're ever so humble...". (S.L.) 14. They walked along, two continents of experience and feeling, unable to

communicate. (W.G.) 15. Geneva, mother of the Red Cross, hostess of humanitarian congresses for the

civilizing of warfare! (J.R.) 16. She and the kids have filled his sister's house and their welcome is wearing

thinner and thinner. (U.) 17. Notre Dame squats in the dusk. (H.) 18. I am the new year. I am an unspoiled page in your book of time. I am your

next chance at the art of living. I am your opportunity to practice what you have learned during the last twelve months about life.

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All that you sought the past year and failed to find is hidden in me; I am waiting for you to search it out again and with more determination. All the good that you tried to do for others and didn't achieve last year is mine to grant – providing you have fewer selfish and conflicting desires. In me lies the potential of all that you dreamed but didn't dare to do, all that you hoped but did not perform, all you prayed for but did not yet experience. These dreams slumber lightly, waiting to be awakened by the touch of an enduring purpose. I am your opportunity. (Т. Н.)

19. He had hoped that Sally would laugh at this, and she did, and in a sudden mutual gush they cashed into the silver of laughter all the sad" secrets they could find in their pockets. (U.)

20. All across the Union audiences clamour for her arrival, which will coincide with that of the new century. For we are at the fag-end, the smouldering cigar-butt, of a nineteenth century which is just about to be ground out in the ashtray of history. (An.C.)

Проанализируйте случаи употребления сравнения, обратите внимание на предмет и тему сравнения: 1. The menu was rather less than a panorama, indeed, it was as repetitious as a

snore. (O.N.) 2. The topic of the Younger Generation spread through the company like a

yawn. (E.W.) 3. Penny-in-the-slot machines stood there like so many vacant faces, their dials

glowing and flickering – for nobody. (B.N.) 4. She has always been as live as a bird. (R.Ch.) 5. She was obstinate as a mule, always had been, from a child. (G.) 6. Children! Breakfast is just as good as any other meal and I won't have you

gobbling like wolves. (Th.W.) 7. Six o'clock still found him in indecision. He had had no appetite for lunch

and the muscles of his stomach fluttered as though a flock of sparrows was beating their wings against his insides. (Wr.)

8. And the cat, released, leaped and perched on her shoulder: his tail swinging like a baton, conducting rhapsodic music. (T.C.)

9. He felt that his presence must, like a single drop of some stain, tincture the crystal liquid that was absolutely herself. (R.W.)

10. He has a round kewpie's face. He looks like an enlarged, elderly, bald edition of the village fat boy, a sly fat boy, congenitally indolent, a practical joker, a born grafter and con merchant. (O'N.)

11. You could have knocked me down with a feather when he said all those things to me. I felt just like Balaam when his ass broke into light conversation. (S.M.)

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12. Two footmen leant against the walls looking as waxen as the clumps of flowers sent up that morning from hothouses in the country. (E.W.)

13. The Dorset Hotel was built in the early eighteen hundreds and my room, like many an elderly lady, looks its best in subdued light. (J.Br.)

14. For a long while – for many years in fact – he had not thought of how it was before he came to the farm. His memory of those times was like a house where no one lives and where the furniture has rotted away. But tonight it was as if lamps had been lighted through all the gloomy dead rooms. (T.C.)

15. It was an unforgettable face, and a tragic face. Its sorrow welled out of it as purely, naturally and unstoppably as water out of a woodland spring. (J.F.)

16. He ached from head to foot, all zones of pain seemingly interdependent. He was rather like a Christmas tree whose lights wired in series, must all go out if even one bulb is defective. (S.)

17. Indian summer is like a woman. Ripe, hotly passionate, but fickle, she comes and goes as she pleases so that one is never sure whether she will come at all nor for how long she will stay. (Gr.M.)

18. You're like the East, Dinny. One loves it at first sight or not at all and one never knows it any better. (G.)

19. He felt like an old book: spine defective, covers dull, slight foxing, fly missing, rather shaken copy. (J.Br.)

20. Susan at her piano lesson, playing that thing of Scarlatti's. The sort of music, it struck him, that would happen if the bubbles in a magnum of champagne were to rush up rhythmically and as they reached the surface, burst into sound as dry and tangy as the wine from whose depth they had arisen. The simile pleased him so much. (A.H.)

21. There was no moon, a clear dark, like some velvety garment, was wrapped around the trees, whose thinned branches, resembling plumes, stirred in the still, warm air. (G.)

22. There are in every large chicken-yard a number of old and indignant hens who resemble Mrs. Bogart and when they are served at Sunday noon dinner, as fricasseed chicken with thick dumplings, they keep up the resemblance. (S.L.)

23. H.G.Wells reminded her of the rice paddies in her native California. Acres and acres of shiny water but never more than two inches deep. (A.H.)

24. On the wall hung an amateur oil painting of what appeared to be a blind man's conception of fourteen whistling swan landing simultaneously in the Atlantic during a half-gale. (Jn.B.)

25. Today she had begun by watching the flood. The water would crouch and heave at a big boulder fallen off the bluff-side and the red-and-white foam would fly. It reminded her of the blood-streaked foam every heave would fling out of the nostrils of a windbroke horse. (R.W.)

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26. I'm not nearly hot enough to draw a word-picture that would do justice to that extraordinarily hefty crash. Try to imagine the Albert Hall falling on the Crystal Palace and you will have got the rough idea. (P.G.W.)

27. Her startled glance descended like a beam of light, and settled for a moment on the man's face. He was fortyish and rather fat, with a moustache that made her think of the yolk of an egg, and a nose that spread itself. His face had an injected redness. (W.D.)

28. Huddled in her grey fur against the sofa cushions she had a strange resemblance to a captive owl bunched in its soft feathers against the wires of a cage. The supple erectness of her body was gone, as though she had been broken by cruel exercise, as though there were no longer any reason for being beautiful, and supple, and erect. (G.)

29. Someone might have observed in him a peculiar resemblance to those plaster reproductions of the gargoyles of Notre Dame which may be seen in the shop windows of artists' colourmen. (E.W.)

30. Walser felt the strangest sensation, as if these eyes of the trapeze gymnast were a pair of sets of Chinese boxes, as if each one opened into a world into a world, an infinite plurality of worlds, and these unguessable guests exercised the strongest possible attraction, so that he felt himself trembling as if he, too, stood on an unknown threshold. (An.C.)

31. All was elegant, even sumptuous, finished with a heavy rather queasy luxury that always seemed to have grime under its fingernails, the luxury peculiar to this country. (An.C.)

Проанализируйте структуру и значение эпитетов, определите их функции и тип. 1. He has that unmistakable tall lanky "rangy" loose-jointed graceful close

cropped formidably clean American look. (I.M.) 2. Across the ditch Doll was having an entirely different reaction. With all his

heart and soul, furiously, jealously, vindictively, he was hoping Queen would not win. (J.)

3. During the past few weeks she had become most sharply conscious of the smiling interest of Hauptwanger. His straight lithe body - his quick, aggressive manner - his assertive, seeking eyes. (Dr.)

4. He's a proud, haughty, consequential, turned-nosed peacock. (D.) 5. The Fascisti, or extreme Nationalists, which means black-shirted, knife-

carrying, club-swinging, quick-stepping, nineteen-year-old-pot-shot patriots, have worn out their welcome in Italy. (H.)

6. Where the devil was heaven? Was it up? Down? There was no up or down in a finite but expanding universe in which even the vast, burning, dazzling, majestic sun was in a state of progressive decay that would eventually destroy the earth too. (Js.H.)

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7. She has taken to wearing heavy blue bulky shapeless quilted People's Volunteers trousers rather than the tight tremendous how-the-West-was-won trousers she formerly wore. (D.B.)

8. Harrison – a fine, muscular, sun-bronzed, gentle-eyed, patrician-nosed, steak-fed, Oilman-Schooled, soft-spoken, well-tailored aristocrat was an out-and-out leaflet-writing revolutionary at the time. (Jn.B.)

9. In the cold, gray, street-washing, milk-delivering, shutters-coming-off-the-shops early morning, the midnight train from Paris arrived in Strasbourg. (H.)

10. Her painful shoes slipped off. (U.) 11. She was a faded white rabbit of a woman. (A. C.) 12. And she still has that look, that don't-you-touch-me look, that women who-

were beautiful carry with them to the grave. (J.B.) 13. Ten-thirty is a dark hour in a town where respectable doors are locked at

nine. (T.C.) 14. He loved the afterswim salt-and-sunshine smell of her hair. (Jn.B.) 15. I was to secretly record, with the help of a powerful long-range movie-

camera lens, the walking-along-the-Battery-in-the-sunshine meeting between Ken and Jerry. (D.U.)

16. "Thief!" Pilon shouted. "Dirty pig of an untrue friend!" (J.St.) 17. She spent hausfrau afternoons hopping about in the sweatbox of her midget

kitchen. (T.C.) 18. He acknowledged an early-afternoon customer with a be-with-you-in-a-

minute nod. (D.U.) 19. He thoroughly disliked this never-far-from-tragic look of a ham

Shakespearian actor. (H.) 20. "What a picture!" cried the ladies. "Oh! The lambs! Oh, the sweets! Oh, the

ducks! Oh, the pets!"(K.M.) 21. A branch, cracking under his weight sent through the tree a sad cruel

thunder. (T.C.) 22. There was none of the Old-fashioned Five-Four-Three-Two-One-Zero

business, so tough on the human nervous system. (A. Cl.) 23. His shrivelled head bobbed like a dried pod on his frail stick of a body.

(J.G.) 24. The children were very brown and filthily dirty. (W. V.) 25. Liza Hamilton was a very different kettle of Irish. Her head was small and

round and it held small and round convictions. (J. St.) 26. He sat with Daisy in his arms for a long silent time. (Sc.F.) 27. From the Splendide Hotel guests and servants were pouring in chattering

bright streams. (R.Ch.)

14 

Определите случаи употребления метонимии, обращая внимание на тип отношений между обозначаемым и обозначающим. Назовите функции. 1. He went about her room, after his introduction, looking at her pictures, her

bronzes and clays, asking after the creator of this, the painter of that, where a third thing came from. (Dr.)

2. She wanted to have a lot of children, and she was glad that things were that way, that the Church approved. Then the little girl died. Nancy broke with Rome the day her baby died. It was a secret break, but no Catholic breaks with Rome casually. (J.O'H.)

3. "Evelyn Glasgow, get up out of that chair this minute." The girl looked up from her book. "What's the matter?" "Your satin. The skirt'll be a mass of wrinkles in the back." (E. F.)

4. Except for a lack of youth, the guests had no common theme, they seemed strangers among strangers; indeed, each face, on entering, had straggled to conceal dismay at seeing others there. (T.C.)

5. She saw around her, clustered about the white tables, multitudes of violently red lips, powdered cheeks, cold, hard eyes, self-possessed arrogant faces, and insolent bosoms. (A.B.)

6. Dinah, a slim, fresh, pale eighteen, was pliant and yet fragile. (С. Н.) 7. The man looked a rather old forty-five, for he was already going grey.(K. P.) 8. The delicatessen owner was a spry and jolly fifty. (T. R.) 9. "It was easier to assume a character without having to tell too many lies and

you brought a fresh eye and mind to the job." (P.) 10. "Some remarkable pictures in this room, gentlemen. A Holbein, two Van

Dycks and if I am not mistaken, a Velasquez. I am interested in pictures." (Ch.)

11. You have nobody to blame but yourself. The saddest words of tongue or pen. (I.Sh.)

12. For several days he took an hour after his work to make inquiry taking with him some examples of his pen and inks. (Dr.)

13. There you are at your tricks again. The rest of them do earn their bread; you live on my charity. (E.Br.)

14. I crossed a high toll bridge and negotiated a no man's land and came to the place where the Stars and Stripes stood shoulder to shoulder with the Union Jack. (J. St.)

15. The praise was enthusiastic enough to have delighted any common writer who earns his living by his pen. (S.M.)

16. He made his way through the perfume and conversation. (I.Sh.) 17. His mind was alert and people asked him to dinner not for old times' sake,

but because he was worth his salt. (S.M.) 18. Up the Square, from the corner of King Street, passed a woman in a new

bonnet with pink strings, and a new blue dress that sloped at the shoulders

15 

and grew to a vast circumference at the hem. Through the silent sunlit solitude of the Square this bonnet and this dress floated northwards in search of romance. (A.B.)

19. Two men in uniforms were running heavily to the Administration building. As they ran, Christian saw them throw away their rifles. They were portly men who looked like advertisements for Munich beer, and running came hard to them. The first prisoner stopped and picked up one of the discarded rifles. He did not fire it, but carried it, as he chased the guards. He swung the rifle like a club, and one of the beer advertisements went down (I.Sh.)

Проанализируйте случаи употребления гиперболы и мейозиса, обращая внимание на другие стилистические средства, усиливающие их эффект: 1. I was scared to death when he entered the room. (S.) 2. The girls were dressed to kill. (J.Br.) 3. Newspapers are the organs of individual men who have jockeyed themselves

to be party leaders, in countries where a new party is born every hour over a glass of beer in the nearest cafe. (J.R.)

4. I was violently sympathetic, as usual. (Jn.B.) 5. Four loudspeakers attached to the flagpole emitted a shattering roar of what

Benjamin could hardly call music, as if it were played by a collection of brass bands, a few hundred fire engines, a thousand blacksmiths' hammers and the amplified reproduction of a force-twelve wind. (A. S.)

6. The car which picked me up on that particular guilty evening was a Cadillac limousine about seventy-three blocks long. (J.B.)

7. Her family is one aunt about a thousand years old. (Sc.F.) 8. He didn't appear like the same man; then he was all milk and honey – now

he was all starch and vinegar. (D.) 9. She was a giant of a woman. Her bulging figure was encased in a green

crepe dress and her feet overflowed in red shoes. She carried a mammoth red pocketbook that bulged throughout as if it were stuffed with rocks. (Fl. O'C.)

10. She was very much upset by the catastrophe that had befallen the Bishops, but it was exciting, and she was tickled to death to have someone fresh to whom she could tell all about it. (S.M.)

11. Babbitt's preparations for leaving the office to its feeble self during the hour and a half of his lunch-period were somewhat less elaborate than the plans for a general European War. (S.M.)

12. The little woman, for she was of pocket size, crossed her hands solemnly on her middle. (G.)

13. We danced on the handkerchief-big space between the speakeasy tables. (R.W.)

14. She wore a pink hat, the size of a button. (J.R.) 15. She was a sparrow of a woman. (Ph. L.)

16 

16. And if either of us should lean toward the other, even a fraction of an inch, the balance would be upset. (O.W.)

17. He smiled back, breathing a memory of gin at me. (W.G.) 18. About a very small man in the Navy: this new sailor stood five feet nothing

in sea boots. (Th.P.) 19. She busted herself in her midget kitchen. (T.C.) 20. The rain had thickened, fish could have swum through the air. (T.C.) Проанализируйте структуру, значение и функции литоты: 1. "To be a good actress, she must always work for the truth in what she's

playing," the man said in a voice not empty of self-love. (N.M.) 2. "Yeah, what the hell," Anne said and looking at me, gave that not unsour

smile. (R.W.) 3. It was not unnatural if Gilbert felt a certain embarrassment. (E. W.) 4. The idea was not totally erroneous. The thought did not displease me. (I.M.) 5. I was quiet, but not uncommunicative; reserved, but not reclusive; energetic

at times, but seldom enthusiastic. (Jn.B.) 6. He had all the confidence in the world, and not without reason. (J.O'H.) 7. Kirsten said not without dignity: "Too much talking is unwise." (Ch.) 8. "No, I've had a profession and then a firm to cherish," said Ravenstreet, not

without bitterness. (P.) 9. I felt I wouldn't say "no" to a cup of tea. (K.M.) 10. I wouldn't say "no" to

going to the movies. (E.W.) 10. "I don't think you've been too miserable, my dear." (P.) 11. Still two weeks of success is definitely not nothing and phone calls were

coming in from agents for a week. (Ph.R.) Проанализируйте способы выражения иронии, объясните, почему возможна реализация противоположного значения: 1. The book was entitled Murder at Milbury Manor and was a whodunit of the

more abstruse type, in which everything turns on whether a certain character, by catching the three-forty-three train at Hilbury and changing into the four-sixteen at Milbury, could have reached Silbury by five-twenty-seven, which would have given him just time to disguise himself and be sticking knives into people at Bilbury by six-thirty-eight. (P.G.W.)

2. When the, war broke out she took down the signed photograph of the Kaiser and, with some solemnity, hung it in the men-servants' lavatory; it was her one combative action. (E.W.)

3. "I had a plot, a scheme, a little quiet piece of enjoyment afoot, of which the very cream and essence was that this old man and grandchild should be as

17 

poor as frozen rats," and Mr. Brass revealed the whole story, making himself out to be rather a saintlike holy character. (D.)

4. The lift held two people and rose slowly, groaning with diffidence. (I.M.) 5. England has been in a dreadful state for some weeks. Lord Coodle would go

out. Sir Thomas Doodle wouldn't come in, and there being nobody in Great Britain (to speak of) except Coodle and Doodle, there has been no Government (D.)

6. From her earliest infancy Gertrude was brought up by her aunt. Her aunt had carefully instructed her to Christian principles. She had also taught her Mohammedanism, to make sure. (L.)

7. She's a charming middle-aged lady with a face like a bucket of mud and if she has washed her hair since Coolidge's second term, I'll eat my spare tire, rim and all. (R.Ch.)

8. With all the expressiveness of a stone Welsh stared at him another twenty seconds apparently hoping to see him gag. (R.Ch.)

9. "Well. It's shaping up into a lovely evening, isn't it?" "Great," he said. "And if I may say so, you're doing everything to make it harder, you little sweet." (D. P.)

10. Mr. Vholes is a very respectable man. He has not a large business, but he is a very respectable man. He is allowed, by the greater attorneys to be a most respectable man. He never misses a chance in his practice which is a mark of respectability, he never takes any pleasure, which is another mark of respectability, he is reserved and serious which is another mark of respectability. His digestion is impaired which is highly respectable. (D.)

11. Several months ago a magazine named Playboy which concentrates editorially on girls, books, girls, art, girls, music, fashion, girls and girls, published an article about old-time science-fiction. (M.St.)

12. Apart from splits based on politics, racial, religious and ethnic backgrounds and specific personality differences, we're just one cohesive team. (D.U.)

13. A local busybody, unable to contain her curiosity any longer, asked an expectant mother point-blank whether she was going to have a baby. "Oh, goodness, no," the young woman said pleasantly. "I'm just carrying this for a friend." (P.G.W.)

14. Sonny Grosso was a worrier who looked for and frequently managed to find, the dark side of most situations. (P. M.)

15. Bookcases covering one wall boasted a half-shelf of literature. (T.C.) 16. I had been admitted as a partner in the firm of Andrews and Bishop, and

throughout 1927 and 19281 enriched myself and the firm at the rate of perhaps forty dollars a month. (Jn.B.)

17. Last time it was a nice, simple, European-style war. (I.Sh.) 18. He could walk and run, was full of exact knowledge about God, and

entertained no doubt concerning the special partiality of a minor deity called Jesus towards himself. (A.B.)

18 

19. But every Englishman is born with a certain miraculous power that makes him master of the world. As the great champion of freedom and national independence he conquers and annexes half the world and calls it Colonization. (B.Sh.)

20. All this blood and fire business tonight was probably part of the graft to get the Socialists chucked out and leave honest businessmen safe to make their fortunes out of murder. (L. Ch.)

21. He spent two years in prison, making a number of valuable contacts among other upstanding embezzlers, frauds and confidence men whilst inside. (An.C.)

Проанализируйте следующие предложения, обращая внимание на структуру и стилистические функции оксюморона: 1. He caught a ride home to the crowded loneliness of the barracks. (J.) 2. Sprinting towards the elevator he felt amazed at his own cowardly courage.

(G. M.) 3. They were a bloody miserable lot - the miserablest lot of men I ever saw.

But they were good to me. Bloody good. (J. St.) 4. He behaved pretty busily to Jan. (D. C.) 5. Well might he perceive the hanging of her hair in fairest quantity in locks,

some curled and some as if it were forgotten, with such a careless care and an art so hiding art that it seemed she would lay them for a pattern. (Ph. S.)

6. There were some bookcases of superbly unreadable books. (E.W.) 7. Absorbed as we were in the pleasures of travel – and I in my modest pride at

being the only examinee to cause a commotion – we were over the old Bridge. (W.G.)

8. "Heaven must be the hell of a place. Nothing but repentant sinners up there, isn't it?" (Sh. D.)

9. Harriet turned back across the dim garden. The lightless light looked down from the night sky. (I.M.)

10. Sara was a menace and a tonic, my best enemy; Rozzie was a disease, my worst friend. (J. Car.)

11. It was an open secret that Ray had been ripping his father-in-law off. (D.U.) 12. A neon sign reads "Welcome to Reno - the biggest little town in the world."

(A. M.) 13. Huck Finn and Holden Caulfield are Good Bad Boys of American literature.

(V.) 14. Haven't we here the young middle-aged woman who cannot quite compete

with the paid models in the fashion magazine but who yet catches our eye? (Jn. H.)

15. Their bitter-sweet union did not last long. (A. C.) 16. He was sure the whites could detect his adoring hatred of them. (Wr.)

19 

17. You have got two beautiful bad examples for parents. (Sc.F.) 18. He opened up a wooden garage. The doors creaked. The garage was full of

nothing. (R.Ch.) 19. She was a damned nice woman, too. (H.) 20. A very likeable young man with a pleasantly ugly face. (A. C.) Проанализируйте семантический тип и функции перифраза: 1. Gargantuan soldier named Dahoud picked Ploy by the head and scrutinized

this convulsion of dungarees and despair whose feet thrashed a yard above the deck. (Th.P.)

2. His face was red, the back of his neck overflowed his collar and there had recently been published a second edition of his chin. (P.G.W.)

3. His huge leather chairs were kind to the femurs. (R.W.) 4. "But Pickwick, gentlemen, Pickwick, this ruthless destroyer of . this

domestic oasis in the desert of Goswell street!" (D.) 5. He would make some money and then he would come back and marry his

dream from Blackwood. (Dr.) 6. The villages were full of women who did nothing but fight against dirt and

hunger and repair the effects of friction on clothes. (A.B.) 7. The habit of saluting the dawn with a bend of the elbow was a hangover

from college fraternity days. (Jn.B.) 8. I took my obedient feet away from him. (W.G.) 9. I got away on my hot adolescent feet as quickly as I could. (W.G.) 10. I am thinking an unmentionable thing about your mother. (I.Sh.) 11. Jean nodded without turning and slid between two vermilion-coloured buses

so that two drivers simultaneously used the same qualitative word. (G.) 12. During the previous winter I had become rather seriously ill with one of

those carefully named difficulties which are the whispers of approaching age. (J. St.)

13. A child had appeared among the palms, about a hundred yards along the beach. He was a boy of perhaps six years, sturdy and fair, his clothes torn, his face covered with a sticky mess of fruit. His trousers had been lowered for an obvious purpose and had only been pulled back half-way. (W.G.)

14. When I saw him again, there were silver dollars weighting down his eyes. (T.C.)

15. She was still fat after childbirth; the destroyer of her figure sat at the head of the table. (A.B.)

16. I participated in that delayed Teutonic migration known as the Great War. (Sc.F.)

17. "Did you see anything in Mr. Pickwick's manner and conduct towards the opposite sex to induce you to believe all this?" (D.)

20 

18. Bill went with him and they returned with a tray of glasses, siphons and other necessaries of life. (Ch.)

19. It was the American, whom later we were to learn to know and love as the Gin Bottle King, because of a great feast of arms performed at an early hour in the morning with a container of Mr. Gordon's celebrated product as his sole weapon. (H.)

20. Jane set her bathing-suited self to washing the lunch dishes. (Jn.B.) 21. Naturally, I jumped out of the tub, and before I had thought twice, ran out

into the living room in my birthday suit. (В. М.) 22. For a single instant, Birch was helpless, his blood curdling in his veins at the

imminence of the danger, and his legs refusing their natural and necessary office. (T.C.)

23. The apes gathered around him and he wilted under the scrutiny of the eyes of his little cousins twice removed. (An.C.)

Проанализируйте случаи употребления антономасии: 1. "You cheat, you no-good cheat – you tricked our son. Took our son with a

scheming trick, Miss Tomboy, Miss Sarcastic, Miss Sneerface." (Ph. R.) 2. A stout middle-aged man, with enormous owl-eyed spectacles, was sitting

on the edge of a great table. I turned to him. "Don't ask me," said Mr. Owl Eyes washing his hands of the whole matter. (Sc.F.)

3. To attend major sports event most parents have arrived. A Colonel Sidebotham was standing next to Prendergast, firmly holding the tape with "FINISH". "Capital," said Mr. Prendergast, and dropping his end of the tape, he sauntered to the Colonel. "I can see you are a fine judge of the race, sir. So was I once. So's Grimes. A capital fellow, Grimes; a bounder, you know, but a capital fellow. Bounders can be capital fellows; don't you agree. Colonel Slidebottom... I wish you'd stop pulling at my arm, Pennyfeather. Colonel Shybottom and I are just having a most interesting conversation." (E.W.)

4. "Her mother is perfectly unbearable. Never met such a Gorgon." "I don't really know what a Gorgon is like, but I am quite sure, that Lady Bracknell is one. In any case, she is a monster without being a myth."(O.W.)

5. Our secretary is Esther D'Eath. Her name is pronounced by vulgar relatives as Dearth, some of us pronounce it Death. (S. Ch.)

6. When Omar P. Quill died, his solicitors referred to him always as O.P.Q. Each reference to O.P.Q. made Roger think of his grandfather as the middle of the alphabet. (G. M.)

7. "Your fur and his Caddy are a perfect match. I respect history: don't you know that Detroit was founded by Sir Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, French fur trader." (J.O'H.)

21 

8. Now let me introduce you – that's Mr. What's-his-name, you remember him, don't you? And over there in the corner, that's the Major, and there's Mr. What-d'you-call-him, and that's an American. (E.W.)

9. Cats and canaries had added to the already stale house an entirely new dimension of defeat. As I stepped down, an evil-looking Tom slid by us into the house. (W.G1.)

10. Kate kept him because she knew he would do anything in the world if he were paid to do it or was afraid not to do it. She had no illusions about him. In her business Joes were necessary. (J. St.)

11. In the moon-landing year what choice is there for Mr. and Mrs. Average-the programme against poverty or the ambitious NASA project? (M.St.)

12. The next speaker was a tall gloomy man. Sir Something Somebody. (P.) 13. We sat down at a table with two girls in yellow and three men, each one

introduced to us as Mr. Mumble. (Sc.F.) 14. She's been in a bedroom with one of the young Italians, Count Something.

(I.Sh.)

ЛЕКСИЧЕСКИЕ СРЕДСТВА СТИЛИСТИКИ

Проанализируйте случаи использования игры слов, назовите тип, механизм и стилистический эффект: 1. After a while and a cake he crept nervously to the door of the parlour.

(A. T.) 2. There are two things I look for jn a man. A sympathetic character and full

lips. (I.Sh.) 3. Dorothy, at my statement, had clapped her hand over her mouth to hold

down laughter and chewing gum. (Jn.B.) 4. I believed all men were brothers; she thought all men were husbands. I gave

the whole mess up. (Jn.B.) 5. In December, 1960, Naval Aviation News, a well-known special publication,

explained why "a ship" is referred to as "she": Because there's always a bustle around her; because there's usually a gang of men with her; because she has waist and stays; because it takes a good man to handle her right; because she shows her topsides, hides her bottom and when coming into port, always heads for the buyos." (N.)

6. When I am dead, I hope it may be said: 7. "His sins were scarlet, but his books were read." (H. B.) 8. Most women up London nowadays seem to furnish their rooms with nothing

but orchids, foreigners and French novels. (O.W.) 9. I'm full of poetry now. Rot and poetry. Rotten poetry. (H.) 10. "Bren, I'm not planning anything. I haven't planned a thing in three years...

I'm - I'm not a planner. I'm a liver."

22 

11. "I'm a pancreas," she said. "I'm a –" and she kissed the absurd game away. (Ph. R.)

12. "Someone at the door," he said, blinking. 13. "Some four, I should say by the sound," said Fili. (A. T.) 14. He may be poor and shabby, but beneath those ragged trousers beats a heart

of gold. (E.) 15. Babbitt respected bigness in anything: in mountains, jewels, muscles, wealth

or words. (S.L.) 16. Men, pals, red plush seats, white marble tables, waiters in white aprons.

Miss Moss walked through them all. (M.) 17. My mother was wearing her best grey dress and gold brooch and a faint pink

flush under each cheek bone. (W.G1.) 18. Hooper laughed and said to Brody, "Do you mind if I give Ellen

something?" 19. "What do you mean?" Brody said. He thought to himself, give her what?

A kiss? A box of chocolates? A punch in the nose? 20. "A present. It's nothing, really." (P.B.) 21. "There is only one brand of tobacco allowed here - "Three nuns". None

today, none tomorrow, and none the day after." (Br. B.) 22. "Good morning," said Bilbo, and he meant it. The sun was shining and the

grass was very green. (A.T.) 23. Some writer once said: "How many times you can call yourself a Man

depends on how many languages you know." (M.St.) 24. Mr. Stiggins took his hat and his leave. (D.) 25. Disco was working in all his shore dignity and a pair of beautiful carpet

slippers. (R. K.) 26. Aunt Trundle was in high feather and spirits. All the girls were in tears and

white muslin. (D.) 27. She put on a white frock that suited the sunny riverside and her. (S. M.) 28. The fat boy went into the next room; and having been absent about a minute,

returned with the snuff-box and the palest face that ever a fat boy wore. (D.) 29. She had her breakfast and her bath. (S. M.) 30. Miss Bolo rose from the table considerably agitated, and went straight home

in a flood of tears and a sedan chair. (D.) 31. A young girl who had a yellow smock and a cold in the head that did not go

on too well together, was helping an old lady... (P.) 32. ...the outside passengers...remain where they are, and stamp their feet against

the coach to warm them – looking with longing eyes and red noses at the bright fire in the inn bar. (D.)

33. Cyrus Trask mourned for his wife with a keg of whisky and three old army friends. (St.)

34. Its atmosphere and crockery were thick, its napery and soup were thin. (O. H.)

35. Mr. Smangle was still engaged in relating a long story, the chief point of

23 

which appeared to be that, on some occasion particularly stated and set forth, he had "done a bill and a gentleman at the same time. (D.)

36. He struck off his pension and his head together. (D.) 37. Sophia lay between blankets in the room overhead with a feverish cold. This

cold and her new dress were Mrs. Baine's sole consolation at the moment. (A. B.)

38. From her earliest infancy Gertrude had been brought up by her aunt. Her aunt had carefully instructed her to Christian principles. She had also taught her Mohamedanism to make sure. (L.)

39. ...he's a hard man to talk to. Impossible if you don’t share his fixations, of which Holly is one. Some others are: ice hockey, Weimaraner dogs, 'Our Gal Sunday' (a soap serial he has listened to for fifteen years), and Gilbert and Sullivan – he claims to be related to one or the other, I can't remember which. (T. C.)

40. But she heard and remembered discussions of Freud, Romain Rolland, syndicalism, the Confederation Generale du Travail, feminism vs. haremism, Chinese lyrics, naturalization of mines, Christian Science, and fishing in Ontario. (S.L.)

41. Only at the annual balls of the Firemen...was there such prodigality of chiffon scarfs and tangoing and heart-burnings. (S. L.)

42. Mrs. Dave Dyer, a sallow woman with a thin prettiness, devoted to experiments in religious cults, illnesses, and scandalbearing, shook her finger at Carol. (S. L.)

43. His disease consisted of spots, bed, honey in spoons, tangerine oranges and high temperature. (G.)

44. A Governess wanted. Must possess knowledge of Rumanian, Russian, Italian, Spanish, German, Music and Mining Engineering. (L.)

Проанализируйте случаи использования антонимов в газетных текстах: 1. The economics is absolutely clear, migration is good; the politics is bad. The

economics is clear that we should be investing more in the young, but the politics is about paying a debt to the old.

2. It is ironic that after the Second World War – indeed for nearly all the second half of the last century – we longed for the day when the US and Russia (or the Soviet Union as it then was) would become friends. When Reagan and Gorbachev began a peace process to end the Cold War we cheered. Now the opposite is true and too many commentators seem to want enmity between the two countries – a pretty curious view.

3. Perhaps they have absorbed Sir John Major’s advice that “a little more charm and a lot less cheap rhetoric” are required.

24 

4. The developed world no longer suffers from diseases of deficiency, but diseases of excess.

5. On the negative side, Trump is the combination of a clever mind with little knowledge, which makes him incredibly dangerous, but on the positive side, he is a pragmatist and a businessman.

6. America has astonishing wealth; it also has astonishing deprivation and squalor, because there isn’t enough well-paid work to go round.

7. In four words it captured both pessimism and optimism, both fear and hope. 8. But the reaction to the tests will be interesting, because there are some

issues, such as the protection of the rights of EU citizens already in the UK, that will have resonance among solid Brexiteers as well as the remaining Remainers.

9. His ideas struck a chord with our own enjoyment of playing with sound, and so we set out to create our own workshop would allow new audiences, young and old, to explore experimental and electronic music in a creative, welcoming and fun environment.

10. For many, a traditional after-work drink presents the challenge of tiptoeing a fine line between remaining professional and letting your hair down.

11. But that effort to sweeten the atmosphere was soured by one relapse back into the language of menace.

12. The White House has gone dark in other ways, too. 13. : The lean years were over; now it was time for the McLean years. 14. As we prepare to enter a digital age characterised by pixels and noise,

Hazanavicius reminds us there might be elements of the past worth preserving, pockets of resonant silence which speak louder than all the words uttered since.

15. But as a humanist I can't deny the good I've seen religion do, as well as the harm that's done in its name.

16. Instinctively, people trust her as a woman with a mission to improve life for everyone, not just a privileged few.

17. It was an appeal to the heart, not the head, in a country where patriotism should never be underestimated.

18. Fox News was putting on a brave face, though the sourness and anger were barely contained: but MSNBC, an avowedly liberal network, was in a state of almost convulsive ecstasy.

19. That explains the popularity of the poker metaphor among those Brexiters who are incapable of seeing our relationship with Europe as anything other than a contest in which Britain can only prosper by making other European countries lose and they can only gain if it is at our expense.

20. It’s always thought that by being early you can get more done, but in fact it is those who are late who seem to be getting the most out of their day.

21. Gone were the gimmicks, glitz and disingenuity of the Cameron and Blair eras, and the cynical manifestos replete with pledges their authors had no

25 

intention of keeping. Nor did Theresa May try to exploit her opponents’ weakness by playing safe.

22. Instead, with a clear ethical – even Christian – tone, this vicar’s daughter took the riskier option: to be unremittingly honest with the public about the great challenges this country faces, to spell out how she intends to confront them and to promise only what she can deliver.

23. Monday night showed the best and worst of humanity. The best being the eagerness of people to help other humans. The worst being the desire of someone to maim and kill other human beings.

24. Everything ends and it's always sad. But everything begins again too and that's always happy.

25. We all have the power to make positive change, whether in big or small ways, and small actions can make big difference.

Проанализируйте случаи употребления эвфемизмов в газетном тексте: 1. However, since it's impolitic to accuse a vice presidential candidate of being

a liar, most news organizations have tip-toed around the L-word. 2. Pearce said her son has hit other students and has said unkind things when

he becomes frustrated. 3. Luke Turner bade farewell to Leonard Cohen, who joined the silent majority

like Bowie - after releasing one of his best albums in years. 4. This event is a celebration of Ipswich residents of the third age and to

showcase the opportunities available for members of the golden age. 5. The State Government issued an order allowing visually challenged students

to study in science stream of higher secondary courses. 6. It also aims at reducing the barriers in the path of a differently-abled person

and creating a conducive environment for his/her holistic development. 7. Most voters expect politicians to be economical with the truth. 8. Тhe Delhi Metro has become more accessible for the less well off. 9. Claudia worked as a Domestic Engineer and took care of the house, kids and

pets. 10. You can call a binman a sanitation engineer, but he still has to collect the

rubbish. 11. London Ambulance Service will set up a field hospital in Waterloo station to

help the service cope with people who have over-indulged and need medical attention.

12. Mr Mourinho approached the interview with the dishevelled appearance of a gentleman of the road.

13. As a man of modest means, I can only regret that enjoying a SpaceX trip to the moon will be confined to the filthy-rich tourist.

14. It is important to note that having temporary negative cash flow is not always a bad thing.

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15. Death doesn't frighten me - if you're prepared to meet your maker, what’s to fear?

16. Lizzie spent much of her time abroad in search of a cure for the lung trouble which continued to plague her.

17. I was shocked by the recent crossfire of words between President Trump and Korean President Kim Jong-un. Both presidents, regardless of their position and international stature, insulted each other.

18. Divorce rates are falling, and all because we're waiting longer to tie the knot, according to the statistics.

19. I'm 18 months away from our wedding and am stuck in a rut - I do not want to go shopping dress until I'm at my ideal weight.

Проанализируйте газетные тексты, обращая внимание на фразеологизмы. Назовите их функции и стилевую принадлежность: 1. I am a liberal through and through. How on Earth could I be racist or be anti-

Semitic? 2. What is important to me is to be at the forefront of the change and to make it

easier for the next person that comes behind me. 3. She has developed a taste for champagne on beer budget. 4. Dennis Skinner told to 'put a sock in it' by heckler after blasting 'squalid'

election. 5. The mayor went on to say that her opinion, which is based on religious

prerequisites, is not one she adopts in her capacity as a mayor, and concludes by saying that “education is the great equaliser”.

6. He was in a bad frame of mind. He lost control of the animals and he lost control of himself.

7. He is as proud as a peacock. 8. French political expert Thomas Guenole, when analysing the choice ahead

for leftist voters, said: “Between Le Pen, a racist and xenophobe, and Macron, who is about finance and free markets, it's a choice between the plague and the cholera.”

9. Carolyn Maloney, a Democratic congresswoman for New York, said on Twitter: “My heart goes out to the family who lost a loved one and those injured in Times Square crash.”

10. It cut straight to the heart of things, making the case against monuments that glorify the Confederacy by asking us to consider them “from the perspective of an African-American mother or father trying to explain to their fifth-grade daughter” why a statue of the most famous Confederate general occupied such a lofty perch above the city.

11. Steve Biddulph touched a nerve and I've never forgotten his wisdom and kindness.

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12. Erratic behavior, extravagant narcissism wedded to a lack of discipline, and a pattern of arguably impeachable offenses: we can only hope that Mueller’s appointment sounds the death knell of this brief, dangerous experiment in presidential waywardness.

13. His love for music had reached a fever pitch before he became a world known musician.

14. He's been chasing his tail all week collecting data but the report is still not ready.

15. She also accused Brussels of seeking to influence the result of the general election in order to weaken her negotiating hand.

Проанализируйте тексты новостных сообщений ССN, обращая внимание на выделенные фрагменты (примеры интертекстуальных включений):

1. Presidents come and presidents go, but Supreme Court nominees sometimes become judges and stick around for decades maybe even for generations that's why supreme court nominations are some of the biggest decisions that any president ever makes

2. You've been following this story for a while, it's affected your 401(k)s you maybe wondering exactly how little little Greece caused all of these problems?

3. Oh I'll say: undergrad of Princeton, masters of Philosophy from Oxford, law degree from Harvard.

4. In terms of her personality I think you've got a pretty good sense of it in the announcement today in the East Room, she's confident she's outgoing she's intelligent...

5. You talks to people on the left and they say "G, we're afraid she could become our David Souter"...

6. Jeff, you know a great deal about a supreme court, you've written a great book on it and you know Elena Kagan, you were in school with her tell me what the best way we have is to find out what kind of person, what kind of judge justice on the supreme court a nominee will make?

7. It was new and huge and built us the best solution to stand that mass of oil leak in the Gulf of Mexico but that giant dome we've heard so much about will it fail now it's back to the drawn board we gonna look at Plan B.

8. We've all expecting some result from this huge structure that BP created to try and stop the leak in the Gulf of Mexico on paper it seemed like a great idea but it was actually a flop when it was deployed.

9. We’ll dig deep into Elene Kagan's history to see what kind of supreme court justice that she'd make. Kagan is a product of New York's West Side she's single she has no children.

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Проанализируйте морфологическую структуру и модель образования неологизмов: 1. The chairman of the National Infrastructure Commission has called for

billions of pounds of infrastructure investment in the Oxford, Milton Keynes and Cambridge ‘brain belt’, which he said could add hundreds of billions to the national economy.

2. Enterprising headteachers are generating hundreds of thousands of pounds for their schools to counter budget cuts. One “headtrepreneur” estimated that he brought in extra money, resources and business donations worth about £300,000 a year. Others are renting out facilities and buildings, selling staff’s professional expertise to other schools or companies or drumming up donations and money from local businesses.

3. The first schools and colleges that will teach new technical qualifications called T levels was announced this week, as Theresa May said that … “T levels provide a high-quality, technical alternative to A levels, ensuring thousands of people across the country have the skills we need to compete globally – a vital part of our modern industrial strategy.”

4. Richard’s transformation into a MAMIL began five years ago when, to get fit, he bought a road bike. At first, he wore a sensible pair of shorts and a loose-fitting jersey. But then the buying began in earnest. New wheels (the old ones were slowing him down, apparently), a pair of cycling shoes, then another pair, then a ‘quicker’ helmet, then a personal trainer to help him shed the pounds and improve his ‘power to weight ratio’.

5. Look around, and YIMBYs are a growing presence. There’s a YIMBY group in Somerville, Massachusetts, and one in Los Angeles; there’s a San Francisco YIMBY party and a YIMBY group in Portland. YIMBYtown, a national conference, will take place in Oakland this month; Helsinki is hosting Yimbycon in August

6. Recently, a stylist from Net-a-Porter hand-delivered an order just as her designated EIP (Extremely Important Person) was about to perform on stage, while a team from Moda Operandi flew with a couture wedding gown back to the designer’s atelier to oversee alterations just days before the wedding, after the bride changed her mind about what she wanted.

7. But going to an event such as speed mating is not without stigma. Olivia is a pseudonym because she knows that if she used her real name her students “would take the mick out of me”. After the event, she is exhausted: “I didn’t expect it to be so full-on … It’s also just reassuring to know I’m not the only person to feel like this. It’s not sad and it’s not pathetic, being 29 and not having friends in a new city.”

8. Vanessa admits there’s been written correspondence – a tweet reply here, a “haha” comment there – but largely, this man is in her orbit, seemingly keeping tabs on her with with no intention of engaging her in meaningful

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conversation or, you know, dating her. “Orbiting is the perfect word for this experience,” she wrote, “because right now I’m so annoyed I wish I could launch him straight into space.”

9. As with most dating trends, Marleying is a pretty rubbish experience. Having your Christmas fun brought down by the appearance of an ex is stressful and irritating. Christmas should be a time free of idiot exes and dates who let you down.

10. For the past month, I’ve been trying to phase my phone out – the same way you’d phase out an annoying acquaintance. I’ve started avoiding it for a whole 90 minutes before bed, which has been tough, I won’t lie, but definitely doable. It’s what Price calls a phast, or phone fast. She explains how regular, short breaks from our phones “are essential for our emotional and intellectual health”.

11. As 63% of marketers world-wide set out to increase traffic and leads over the next 12 months, their first instinct will be to produce more content. Fight this instinct. Remember, we are living in an attention economy. The way to get attention today isn’t to shout more or shout louder; instead, think carefully about how you can use these 8 strategies to help people better navigate the information deluge.

12. Google and Facebook, in particular, are avatars and practitioners of the new “surveillance capitalism”, the system whereby it is not our need for goods and services that creates the greatest corporate wealth, but the data we generate that can then be sold on.

13. Jackpotting has been rising worldwide in recent years, though it is unclear how much cash has been stolen because victims and police often do not disclose details. Hackers require physical access to the cash machine using specialised electronics and malware to take control, including an endoscope.

14. Scammers were recently caught using fake Airbnb listings to launder money. Because there are so many listings on the site and no way to manually monitor all transactions, criminals can pay each other or cash out stolen credit cards in seconds. This electronic money laundering, also called transaction laundering, is a growing problem for regulators and law enforcement. According to our estimates, as much as $200 billion is laundered via ecommerce payments every year.

15. Cryptojacking doesn’t require a download, starts instantly, and works efficiently. Making it even more insidious, hackers can sneak a mining component onto unsuspecting websites and pilfer cryptocurrency off of the legitimate site’s traffic.

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Проанализируйте морфемную структуру и цель создания окказионализмов в следующих примерах: 1. The girls could not take off their panama hats because this was not far from

the school gates and hatlessness was an offence. (M. Sp.) 2. David, in his new grown-upness, had already a sort of authority.(І.М.) 3. That fact had all the unbelievableness of the sudden wound. (R.W.) 4. Suddenly he felt a horror of her otherness. (J.B.) 5. Lucy wasn't Willie's luck. Or his unluck either. (R.W.) 6. She was waiting for something to happen or for everything to un-happen.

(Т. Н.) 7. He didn't seem to think that that was very funny. But he didn't seem to think

it was especially unfunny. (R.W.) 8. "You asked him." "I'm un-asking him," the Boss replied. (R.W.) 9. He looked pretty good for a fifty-four-year-old former college athlete who

for years had overindulged and underexercized. (D.U.) 10. She was a young and unbeautiful woman. (I.Sh.) 11. The descriptions were of two unextraordinary boys: three and a half and six

years old. (D.U.) 12. The girl began to intuit what was required of her. (Jn. H.) 13. "Mr. Hamilton, you haven't any children, have you?" "Well, no. And I'm

sorry about that, I guess. I am sorriest about that." (J. St.) 14. "To think that I should have lived to be good-morninged by Belladonna

Look's son!"(A.T.) 15. There were ladies too, en cheveux, in caps and bonnets, some of whom knew

Trilby, and thee'd and thou'd with familiar and friendly affection, while others mademoiselle'd her with distant politeness and were mademoiselle's and madame'd back again. (D. du M.)

16. Parritt turns startledly. (O'N.) 17. The chairs are very close together – so close that the advisee almost touches

knees with the adviser. (Jn.B.)

Проанализируйте тексты и назовите стилистические приемы и их функции:

1. Constantinople is noisy, hot, hilly, dirty and beautiful. It is packed with uniforms and rumors. (H.)

2. At Archie Schwert's party the fifteenth Marquess of Vanburgh, Earl Vanburgh de Brendon, Baron Brendon, Lord of the Five Isles and Hereditary Grand Falconer to the Kingdom of Connaught, said to the eighth Earl of Balcairn, Viscount Erdinge, Baron Cairn of Balcairn, Red Knight of Lancaster, Count of the Holy Roman Empire and Chenonceaux Herald to the

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Duchy of Aquitaine, "Hullo," he said. "Isn't it a repulsive party? What are you going to say about it?" for they were both of them as it happened, gossip writers for the daily papers, (E. W.)

3. Across the street a bingo parlour was going full blast; the voice of the hot dog merchant split the dusk like an axe. The big blue blared down the street. (R.Ch.)

4. Lester was all alone. He listened to his steps, as if they weren't his at all but somebody else's. How long can a guy stand this without going nuts? Wattinger has been a good boy but it got him and he was blown to smithereens; they say they'd seen his arm sailing through the air; higher and higher, an arm alone rising to meet God. He wondered whether, up there, they'd accept an arm in place of the whole man. His soul couldn't possibly have been in the arm; it was in your heart or in your guts or in your bram but not in your arm. (St. H.)

5. For me the work of Gertrude Stein consists in a rebuilding, an entire new recasting of life, in the city of words. Here is one artist who has been able to accept ridicule, to go live among the little housekeeping words, the swaggering bullying street-comer words, the honest working, money-saving words, and all the other forgotten and neglected citizens of the sacred and half forgotten city. (Sh. A.)

6. Only a couple of the remaining fighters began to attack the bombers On they all came, slowly getting larger. The tiny mosquitoes dipped and swirled and dived in a mad, whirling dance around the heavier, stolid horseflies, who nevertheless kept serenely and sedately on. (J.)

7. "I guess," said Mr. Hiram Fish sotto voce to himself and the world at large, "that this has been a great little old week." (Ch.)

8. The good ships Law and Equity, those teak-built, copper-bottomed iron-fastened, brazen-faced, are not by any means fast-sailing Clippers, are laid up in ordinary. (D.)

9. An enormous grand piano grinned savagely at the curtains as if it would grab them, given the chance. (W.G.)

10. Duffy was face to face with the margin of mistery where all our calculations collapse, where the stream of time dwindles into the sands of eternity, where the formula fails in the test-tube, where chaos and old night hold sway and we hear the laughter in the ether dream. (R.W.)

11. Mrs. Ape watched them benignly, then squaring her shoulders and looking (except that she had really no beard to speak of) every inch a sailor strode resolutely forward to the first-class bar. (E.W.)

12. On that little pond the leaves floated in peace and praised Heaven with their hues, the sunlight haunting over them. (G.)

13. From the throats of the ragged black men, as they trotted up and down the landing-stage, strange haunting notes. Words were caught up, tossed about, held in the throat. Word-lovers, sound-lovers – the blacks seemed to hold a

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tone in some warm place, under their led tongues perhaps. Their thick lips were walls under which the tone hid. (Sh. A.)

14. It was a relief not to have to machete my way through a jungle of what-are-you-talking-aboutery before I could get at him. (J. A.)

15. Outside the narrow street fumed, the sidewalks swarmed with fat stomachs. (J.R.)

16. The owner, now at the wheel, was the essence of decent self-satisfaction; a baldish, largish, level-eyed man, rugged of neck but sleek and round of face - face like the back of a spoon bowl. (S.L.)

17. His fingertips seemed to caress the wheel as he nursed it over the dark winding roads at a mere whispering sixty. (L. Ch.)

18. We plunged in and out of sun and shadow-pools, and joy, a glad-to-be-alive exhilaration, jolted through me like a jigger of nitrogen. (T.C.)

19. They were both wearing hats like nothing on earth, which bobbed and nodded as they spoke. (E.W.)

20. These jingling toys in his pocket were of eternal importance like baseball or Republican Party. (S.L.)

21. He might almost have been some other man dreaming recurrently that he was an electrical engineer. On the other side of the edge, waiting for him to peer into it late at night or whenever he was alone and the show of work had stopped, was illimitable unpopulated darkness, a greenland night; and only his continuing heart beats kept him from disappearing into it. Moving along this edge, doing whatever the day demanded, or the night offered, grimly observant (for he was not without fortitude), he noticed much that has escaped him before. He found he was attending a comedy, a show that would have been very funny indeed if there had been life outside the theatre instead of darkness and dissolution. (P.)

22. Poetry deals with primal and conventional things – the hunger for bread, the love of woman, the love of children, the desire for immortal life. If men really had new sentiments, poetry could not deal with them. If, let us say, a man felt a bitter craving to eat brass fenders or mahogany tables, poetry could not express him. If a man, instead of falling in love with a woman, fell in love with a fossil or a sea anemone poetry could not express him. Poetry can only express what is original in one sense – the sense in which we speak of original sin. It is original not in the paltry sense of being new, but in the deeper sense of being old; it is original in the sense that it deals with origins. (G. K. Ch.)

23. His dinner arrived, a plenteous platter of food – but no plate. He glanced at his neighbors. Evidently plates were an affectation frowned upon in the Oasis cafe.

24. Taking up a tarnished knife and fork, he pushed aside the underbrush of onions and came face to face with his steak. First impressions are important, and Bob Eden knew at once that this was no meek, complacent opponent

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that confronted him. The steak looked back at him with an air of defiance that was amply justified by what followed. After a few moments of unsuccessful battling, he summoned the sheik. "How about a steel knife?" inquired Bob. "Only got three and they're all in use," the waiter replied. Bob Eden resumed the battle, his elbows held close, his muscles swelling. With set teeth and grim face he bore down and cut deep. There was a terrible screech as his knife skidded along the platter, and to his horror he saw the steak rise from its bed of gravy and onions and fly from him. It travelled the grimy counter for a second then dropped on to the knees of the girl and thence to the floor. Eden turned to meet her blue eyes filled with laughter. "Oh, I'm sorry," he said. "I thought it was a steak, and it seems to be a lap dog." (D. B.)

ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЕ СРЕДСТВА СТИЛИСТИКИ

Проанализируйте предложения и назовите стилистические функции разных типов связи в них: 1. Then from the town pour Wops and Chinamen and Polaks, men and women

in trousers and rubber coats and oilcloth aprons. They come running to clean and cut and pack and cook and can the fish. The whole street rumbles and groans and screams and rattles while the silver rivers of fish pour in out of the boats and the boats rise higher and higher in the water until they are empty. The canneries rumble and rattle and squeak until the last fish is cleaned and cut and cooked and canned and then the whistles scream again and the dripping smelly tired Wops and Chinamen and Polaks, men and women struggle out and droop their ways up the hill into the town and Cannery Row becomes itself again – quiet and magical. (J. St.)

2. "What sort of a place is Dufton exactly?" 3. "A lot of mills. And a chemical factory. And a Grammar school and a war

memorial and a river that runs different colours each day. And a cinema and fourteen pubs. That's really all one can say about it." (J.Br.)

4. By the time he had got all the bottles and dishes and knives and forks and glasses and plates and spoons and things piled up on big trays, he was getting very hot, and red in the face, and annoyed. (A. T.)

5. Bella soaped his face and rubbed his face, and soaped his hands and rubbed his hands, and splashed him, and rinsed him, and towelled him, until he was as red as beetroot. (D.)

6. Secretly, after the nightfall, he visited the home of the Prime Minister. He examined it from top to bottom. He measured all the doors and windows. He took up the flooring. He inspected the plumbing. He examined the furniture. He found nothing. (L.)

7. With these hurried words Mr. Bob Sawyer pushed the post boy on one side,

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jerked his friend into the vehicle, slammed the door, put up the steps, wafered the bill on the street-door, locked it, put the key into his pocket, jumped into the dickey, gave the word for starting. (D.)

8. "Well, guess it's about time to turn in." He yawned, went out to look at the thermometer, slammed the door, patted her head, unbuttoned his waistcoat, yawned, wound the clock, went to look at the furnace, yawned and clumped upstairs to bed, casually scratching his thick woolen undershirt. (S.L.)

9. "Give me an example," I said quietly. "Of something that means something. In your opinion." (T.C.)

10. "I got a small apartment over the place. And, well, sometimes I stay over. In the apartment. Like the last few nights." (D.U.)

11. "He is a very deliberate, careful guy and we trust each other completely. With a few reservations." (D.U.)

Проанализируйте функции различных типов повторов, параллелизма и хиазма: 1. I wake up and I'm alone and I walk round Warley and I'm alone; and I talk

with people and I'm alone and I look at his face when I'm home and it's dead, (J.Br.)

2. Babbitt was virtuous. He advocated, though he did not practice, the prohibition of alcohol; he praised, – though he did not obey, the laws against motor-speeding. (S.L.)

3. "To think better of it," returned the gallant Blandois, "would be to slight a lady, to slight a lady would be to be deficient in chivalry towards the sex, and chivalry towards the sex is a part of my character." (D.)

4. Halfway along the righthand side of the dark brown hall was a dark brown door with a dark brown settie beside it. After I had put my hat, my gloves, my muffler and my coat on the settie we three went through the dark brown door into a darkness without any brown in it. (W.G)

5. I might as well face facts; good-bye "Susan, good-bye a big car, good-bye a big house, good-bye power, good-bye the silly handsome dreams. (J.Br.)

6. I really don't see anything romantic in proposing. It is very romantic to be in love. But there is nothing romantic about a definite proposal. (O.W.)

7. I wanted to knock over the table and hit him until my arm had no more strength in it, then give him the boot, give him the boot, give him the boot – I drew a deep breath. (J.Br.)

8. Of her father's being groundlessly suspected, she felt sure. Sure. Sure. (D.) 9. Now he understood. He understood many things. One can be a person first.

A man first and then a black man or a white man. (P. A.) 10. She stopped, and seemed to catch the distant sound of knocking.

Abandoning the traveller, she hurried towards the parlour; in the passage she assuredly did hear knocking, angry and impatient knocking, the knocking of someone who thinks he has knocked too long. (A.B.)

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11. Obviously – this is a streptococcal infection. Obviously. (W.D.) 12. And a great desire for peace, peace of no matter what kind, swept through

her. (A.B.) 13. When he blinks, a parrot-like look appears, the look of some heavily

blinking tropical bird. (A. M.) 14. And everywhere were people. People going into gates and coming out of

gates. People staggering and falling. People fighting and cursing. (P. A.) 15. Then there was something between them. There was. There was. (Dr.) 16. He ran away from the battle. He was an ordinary human being that didn't

want to kill or be killed. So he ran away from the battle. (St.H.) 17. Failure meant poverty, poverty meant squalor, squalor led, in the final

stages, to the smells and stagnation of B. Inn Alley. (D. du M.) 18. "Secret Love", "Autumn Leaves", and something whose title he missed.

Supper music. Music to cook by. (U.) 19. Living is the art of loving.

Loving is the art of caring. Caring is the art of sharing. Sharing is the art of living. (W.H.D.)

20. I came back, shrinking from my father's money, shrinking from my father's memory: mistrustful of being forced on a mercenary wife, mistrustful of my father's intention in thrusting that marriage on me, mistrustful that I was already growing avaricious, mistrustful that I was slackening in gratitude to the dear noble honest friends who had made the only sunlight in my childish life. (D.)

21. If you know anything that is not known to others, if you have any suspicion, if you have any clue at "all, and any reason for keeping it in your own breast, think of me, and conquer that reason and let it be known! (D.)

22. I notice that father's is a large hand, but never a heavy one when it touches me, and that father's is a rough voice but never an angry one when it speaks to me. (D.)

23. From the offers of marriage that fell to her Dona Clara, deliberately, chose the one that required her removal to Spain. SO to Spain she went. (O.W.)

24. There lives at least one being who can never change – one being who would be content to devote his whole existence to your happiness – who lives but in your eyes – who breathes but in your smile – who bears the heavy burden of life itself only for you. (D.)

25. It is she, in association with whom, saving that she has been for years a main fibre of the roof of his dignity and pride, he has never had a selfish thought. It is she, whom he has loved, admired, honoured and set up for the world to respect. It is she, who, at the core of all the constrained formalities and conventionalities of his life, has been a stock of living tenderness and love. (D.)

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Проанализируйте предложения с эмфатическими конструкциями, назовите их и определите их функции: 1. She narrowed her eyes a trifle at me and said I looked exactly like Celia

Briganza's boy. Around the mouth. (S.) 2. He observes it all with a keen quick glance, not unkindly, and full rather of

amusement than of censure. (V.W.) 3. She was crazy about you. In the beginning. (R.W.) 4. How many pictures of new journeys over pleasant country, of resting places

under the free broad sky, of rambles in the fields and woods, and paths not often trodden – how many tones of that one well-remembered voice, how many glimpses of the form, the fluttering dress, the hair that waved so gaily in the wind – how many visions of what had been and what he hoped was yet to be – rose up before him in the old, dull, silent church! (D.)

5. It Was not the monotonous days uncheckered by variety and uncheered by pleasant companionship, it was not the dark dreary evenings or the long solitary nights, it was not the absence of every slight and easy pleasure for which young hearts beat high or the knowing nothing of childhood but its weakness and its easily wounded spirit, that had wrung such tears from Nell. (D.)

6. Of all my old association, of all my old pursuits and hopes, of all the living and the dead world, this one poor soul alone comes natural to me. (D.)

7. Corruption could not spread with so much success, though reduced into a system, and though some ministers, with equal impudence and folly, avowed it by themselves and their advocates, to be the principal expedient by which they governed; if a long and almost unobserved progression of causes and effects did not prepare the conjuncture. (Bol.)

8. I have been accused of bad taste. This has disturbed me not so much for my own sake (since I am used to the slights and arrows of outrageous fortune) as for the sake of criticism in general. (S.M.)

9. On, on he wandered, night and day, beneath the blazing sun, and the cold pale moon; through the dry heat of noon, and the damp cold of night; in the grey light of morn, and the red, glare of eve. (D.)

10. Benny Collan, a respected guy, Benny Collan wants to marry her. An agent could ask for more? (T.C.)

11. Women are not made for attack. Wait they must. (J. C.) 12. Out came the chase – in went the horses – on sprang the boys – in got the

travellers. (D.) 13. Then he said: "You think it's so? She was mixed up in this lousy business?"

(J.B.) 14. And she saw that Gopher Prairie was merely an enlargement of all the

hamlets which they had been passing. Only to the eyes of a Kennicot was it exceptional. (S.L.)

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Проанализируйте предложения с эллипсисом и назовите стилистические функции: 1. In manner, close and dry. In voice, husky and low. In face, watchful behind

a blind. (D.) 2. Malay Camp. A row of streets crossing another row of streets. Mostly

narrow streets. Mostly dirty streets. Mostly dark streets. (P. A.) 3. His forehead was narrow, his face wide, his head large, and his nose all on

one side. (D.) 4. A solemn silence: Mr. Pickwick humorous, the old lady serious, the fat

gentleman cautious and Mr. Miller timorous. (D.) 5. He, and the falling light and dying fire, the time-worn room, the solitude, the

wasted life, and gloom, were all in fellowship. Ashes, and dust, and ruin! (D.)

6. She merely looked at him weakly. The wonder of him! The beauty of love! Her desire toward him! (Dr.)

7. Ever since he was a young man, the hard life on Earth, the panic of 2130, the starvation, chaos, riot, want. Then bucking through the planets, the womanless, loveless years, the alone years. (R.Br.)

8. I'm a horse doctor, animal man. Do some farming, too. Near Tulip, Texas. (T.C.)

9. "I'll go, Doll! I'll go!" This from Bead, large eyes larger than usual behind his horn-rimmed glasses. (J.)

10. A black February day. Clouds hewn of ponderous timber weighing down on the earth: an irresolute dropping of snow specks upon the trampled wastes. Gloom but no veiling of angularity. The second day of Kennicott's absence. (S.L.)

11. And we got down at the bridge. White cloudy sky, with mother-of-pearl veins. Pearl rays shooting through, green and blue-white. River roughed by a breeze. White as a new file in the distance. Fish-white streak on the smooth pin-silver upstream. Shooting new pins. (J. C.)

12. This is a story how a Baggins had an adventure. He may have lost the neighbours' respect, but he gained – well, you will see whether he gained anything in the end. (A. T.)

13. "People liked to be with her. And –" She paused again, " – and she was crazy about you." (R.W.)

14. What I had seen of Patti didn't really contradict Kitty's view of her: a girl who means well, but. (D.U.)

15. "He was shouting out that he'd come back, that his mother had better have the money ready for him. Or else! That is what he said: "Or else!" It was a threat." (Ch.)

16. "Listen, I'll talk to the butler over that phone and he'll know my voice. Will that pass me in or do I have to ride on your back?''

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17. "I just work here," he said softly. "If I didn't –" he let the rest hang in the air, and kept on smiling. (R.Ch.)

18. I told her, "You've always acted the free woman, you've never let anything stop you from –" He checks himself, goes on hurriedly. "That made her sore." (J.O'H.)

19. "Well, they'll get a chance now to show –" Hastily: "I don't mean – But let's forget that." (O'N.)

20. And it was unlikely that anyone would trouble to look there –until – until – well. (Dr.)

21. There was no breeze came through the door. (H.) 22. I love Nevada. Why, they don't even have mealtimes here. I never met so

many people didn't own a watch. (A. M.) 23. There was a whisper in my family that it was love drove him out and not

love of the wife he married. (J. St.)

ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ СТИЛИ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА

Стиль художественной речи

Проанализируйте стихотворение и назовите основные черты стиля художественной речи:

Whose woods these are I think I know His house is in the village though; He will not see me stopping here To watch his woods fill up with snow. My little horse must think it queer To stop without a farmhouse near Between the woods and frozen lake The darkest evening of the year. He gives his harness bells a shake To ask there is some mistake. The only other sound’s the sweep Of easy wind and downy flake. The woods are lovely, dark and deep. But I have promises to keep. And miles to go before I sleep. And miles to go before I sleep. (R. F.)

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Проанализируйте фрагмент текста художественного произведения и назовите основные черты стиля художественной речи:

I was born in 1910, in Paris. My father was a gentle, easy-going person, a

salad of racial genes: a Swiss citizen, of mixed French and Austrian descent, with a dash of the Danube in his veins. I am going to pass around in a minute some lovely, glossy-blue picture-postcards. He owned a luxurious hotel on the Riviera. His father and two grand-fathers had sold wine, jewels and silk, respectively. At thirty he married an English girl, daughter of Jerome Dunn, the alpinist, and grand-daughter of two Dorset parsons, experts in obscure subjects – palaeopedology and Aeolian harps, respectively. My very photogenic mother died in a freak accident (picnic, lightning) when I was three, and, save for a pocket of warmth in the darkest past, nothing of her subsists in the hollows and dells of memory, over which, if you can still stand my style (I am writing under observation), the sun of my infancy had set: surely, you all know those redolent remnants of day suspended, with the midges, about some hedge in bloom or suddenly entered and traversed by the rambler, at the bottom of a hill, in the summer dusk; a furry warmth, golden midges.(V. N.)

Проанализируйте фрагмент текста художественного произведения и назовите основные черты стиля художественной речи:

Clifford Chattelley was more upper-class than Connie. Connie was well-

to-do intelligentsia, but he was aristocracy. Not the big sort, but still it. His father was a baronet, and his mother had been a viscount's daughter.

But Clifford, while he was better bred than Connie, and more 'society', was in his own way more provincial and more timid. He was at his case in the narrow 'great world', that is, landed aristocracy society, but he was shy and nervous of all that other big world which consists of the vast hordes of the middle and lower classes, and foreigners. If the truth must be told, he was just, a little bit frightened of middle- and lower class humanity, and of foreigners not of his own class. He was, in some paralysing way, conscious of his own defenselessness, though he had all the defense of privilege. Which is curious, but a phenomenon of our day. (D.H.L.)

Проанализируйте фрагмент текста художественного произведения и назовите основные черты стиля художественной речи:

You been in here twelve years,' shouted Tiny, ‘and you ain’t never once

had a visitor. Never once, not ever in twelve years.’ Maybe I had a visitor when you was on vacation,’ said Chicken. ‘Maybe I

had a visitor when you had that hernia operation. You was out six weeks.' 'That was ten years ago.’

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‘Well, as I say, if some chick come to visit me I wouldn’t warn to have her sweet-talk me across a counter. I’d like to sit down with her at a table with aa ashtray for butts and maybe offer her a soft drink.’

‘They got soft-drink machines.' (J. Ch.)

Публицистический стиль

Рассмотрите фрагмент эссе, посвященного теме интерпретации художественного произведения, и назовите черты публицистического стиля:

Today is such a time, when the project of interpretation is largely

reactionary, stifling. Like the fumes of the automobile and of heavy industry which befoul the urban atmosphere, the effusion of interpretation of art today poisons our sensibilities. In a culture whose already classical dilemma is the hypertrophy of the intellect at the expense of energy and sensual capability, interpretation is the revenge of the intellect upon art.

Even more. It is the revenge of the intellect upon the world. To interpret is to impoverish, to deplete the world – in order to set up a shadow world of 'meanings'. It is to turn the world into this world. (‘This world!' As if there were any other.)

The world, our world, is depleted, impoverished enough. Away with all duplicates of it, until we again experience more immediately what we have in most modem instances, interpretation amounts to the philistine refusal to leave the w ork of art alone. Real art has the capacity to make us nervous. By reducing the work of art to its content and then interpreting that, one tames the work of art. Interpretation makes art manageable, comfortable. (S.S.)

Проанализируйте фрагмент текста журнальной статьи и назовите характерные черты публицистического стиля:

In Vietnam in the 1970s, but also in Lebanon in the 1980s and Somalia in

the 1990s, the United States established a record of committing troops to a high-minded cause in a faraway land, while completely misjudging the nature and extent of local resistance. In every case, after disastrous setbacks the Americans vowed to show resolve while trying to shift the frontline combat duties to local forces. But the locals just couldn't — or wouldn't — do the job on their own, and the Americans who were left found themselves, finally, scrambling for the exits.

The central lesson in all these cases was not that withdrawal was a bad idea. Wise or not, it became inevitable. But the aftermath in every case was made worse by the fact that governments waited so long to admit that a pullout might be necessary. When the moment came, their hasty departures made the chaos that followed that much worse.

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...even informal discussions of fallback options keep coming to the same conclusion: U.S. troops will have to stay in Iraq — perhaps not in combat roles, but in large numbers nonetheless. Philip Zelikow, who formerly worked with Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, notes that the kind of "drawdown” being proposed by the Democrats is easy to say, but the issue is, what are you going to withdraw?’ The U.S. forces are vital to the Iraqi military’s logistics and intelligence, and also act as a restraint. If the Americans pull back, the Iraqis 'will end up fighting the war their way,’ says Zelikow. and that would be uglier than the conflict we have now. (Ch. Dickey, J. Barry. Newsweek)

Ораторский стиль

Проанализируйте фрагмент выступления президента США Дж. Буша, посвященного борьбе с терроризмом после террористической атаки на США 11 сентября 2001 года и назовите черты ораторского стиля:

I applaud the American people for your courage in a time of trial. We're

living through a unique moment in American history. This is a time of rediscovery, of heroism and sacrifice and duty and patriotism. These arе core values of our country, and they’re being renewed. We found them waiting for us just when we needed them.

Our forefathers would be proud, really proud of what they seе in America today. They would be proud of the selfless duty of the fire fighters and police officers of New York, fire fighters and police officers all around our country and the men and women who wear the uniform of the United States of America.

Our forefathers would know and recognize the spirit of unity and partriotism everywhere in our country, and they would say, well done, America.

Now, the true character of this great land has been revealed in adversity. Americans are generous to our neighbors in need. Americans are tolerant toward our fellow citizens of every background. Americans are alert to danger, but calm and determined in the work ahead. And Americans are reaching out across the world to say: We wage a war on the guilty, not the innocent. We are friends to people of all faiths and enemies only to those who choose to make enemies of us.

And American know we must act now. We must be strong and we must be decisive. We must stop the evil ones, so our children and grandchildren can know peace and security and freedom in the greatest nation on the face of the Earth.

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Научный стиль

Рассмотрите особенности научного стиля в фрагменте, взятом из статьи, посвященной гендерным характеристикам речи в прагматическом плане:

The results of the present study suggest that there are gender-specific differences in the use of pragmatic expressions among speakers of educated British English. Since the speakers of the twelve conversations examined form a relatively homogeneous group, in that certain variables, viz. social class, status and education are more or less controllable, wе can conclude this with some degree of accuracy. Some of the more salient differences were that the women preferred to use pragmatic expressions between complete propositions to connect consecutive arguments (particularly in the case of you know and you seе), whereas the men tended to use pragmatic expressions between incomplete propositions еither as attention-drawing devices or to signal repair-work. Furthermore, the results point to the use of pragmatic expressions being largely dependent on the sex of the interlocutors, so that they tend to be used much less in mixed-sex as compared to same-sex interaction.

The study also shows that pragmatic expressions, although sometimes nearly depleted of semantic meaning serve a number of communicative functions: they facilitate the speaker's encoding of the message as well as the addressee’s decoding of it; they serve interpersonal as well as textual ends. In the descriptive model applied here these functions were seen as a semantic-pragmatic continuum. The semantic-pragmatic continuum turned out to agree with certain other continue, such as certainty-uncertainty and politеdness-facе-facing. (B. Erman. Female and male usage of pragmatic expressions in same-sex and mixed-sex interaction)

Проанализируйте текст научно-делового стиля и назовите его основные характеристики:

Operating funds are subscribed by member governments according to the

volume of their international trade, their national income, and their international reserve holdings Members with temporary difficulties in their international balances of payments may purchase from the IMF, with their own national currencies, the foreign exchange they need. The expansion of international liquidity that results from these drawings is climinaled as they are repaid.

Additional devices to assist members in temporary balance-of-payments difficulties included the Standby Arrangements, introduced in 1952, enabling members to negotiate lines of credit in anticipation of actual needs; the General Arrangements to Borrow, based on an agreement in 1961 of 10 countries to provide standby credit: and Compensatory financing of Export Fluctuations, introduced in 1963 and liberalised in 1966, enabling developing countries to cope with a sudden fall of export receipts without imposing exchange restrictions or severe deflation.

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Официально-деловой стиль

Проанализируйте тест официально-документального стиля и назовите его основные характеристики:

The multilateral trading system embodied in the World Trade

Organization has contributed significantly to economic growth, development and employment throughout the past fifty years. We are determined, particularly in the light of the global economic slowdown, to maintain the process of reform and liberalization of trade policies, thus ensuring that the system plays its full part in promoting recovery, growth and development. We therefore strongly reaffirm the principles and objectives set out in the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, and pledge to reject the use of protectionism.

International trade can play a major role in the promotion of economic development and the alleviation of poverty. We recognize the need for all our peoples to benefit from the increased opportunities and welfare gains that the multilateral trading system generates. The majority of WTO members are developing countries. We seek to place their needs and interests at the heart of the Work Programme adopted in this Declaration. Recalling the Preamble to the Marrakesh Agreement, we shall continue to make positive efforts designed to ensure that developing countries, and especially the least-developed among them, secure a share in the growth of world trade commensurate with the needs of their economic development. In this context, enhanced market access, balanced rules, and well targeted, sustainably financed technical assistance and capacity-building programmes have important roles to play.

We recognize the particular vulnerability of the least-developed countries and the special structural difficulties they face in the global economy. We are committed to addressing the marginalization of least-developed countries in international trade and to improving their effective participation in the multilateral trading system. We recall the commitments made by ministers at our meetings in Marrakesh, Singapore and Geneva, and by the international community at the Third UN Conference on Least-Developed Countries in Brussels, to help least-developed countries secure beneficial and meaningful integration into the multilateral trading system and the global economy. We are determined that the WTO will play its part in building effectively on these commitments under the Work Programme we are establishing.

We stress our commitment to the WTO as the unique forum for global trade rule-making and liberalization, while also recognizing that regional trade agreements can play an important role in promoting the liberalization and expansion of trade and in fostering development.

We are aware that the challenges members face in a rapidly changing international environment cannot be addressed through measures taken in the

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trade field alone. We shall continue to work with the Bretton Woods institutions for greater coherence in global economic policy-making.

Recognizing the challenges posed by an expanding WTO membership, we confirm our collective responsibility to ensure internal transparency and the effective participation of all members. While emphasizing the intergovernmental character of the organization, we are committed to making the WTO’s operations more transparent, including through more effective and prompt dissemination of information, and to improve dialogue with the public. We shall therefore use the national and multilateral levels continue to promote a better public understanding of the WTO and to communicate the benefits of a liberal, rules-based multilateral trading system.

In view of these considerations, we hereby agree to undertake the broad and balanced Work Programme set out below. This incorporates both an expanded negotiating agenda and other important decisions and activities necessary to address the challenges facing the multilateral trading system.

Проанализируйте текст делового письма:

Dear Mr. Martmu, As we have received no reply to our letters of 4 May and 30 May, we are

compelled to draw your attention once more to your non-payment of the sums owed to us. The total amount outstanding is now 15,872.87.

We regret that we cannot continue to allow credit terms as long as this debt remains uncleared. Until further notice, therefore, goods will be supplied to you only on receipt of cash against a prolonm invoice.

I shall be obliged if you will contact me personally within the next seven days to discuss means by which the amount outstanding can be cleared. Wc are anxious to avoid any action which might jeopardise the good business relationship we have enjoyed in the past.

Yours sincerely, G. A. Harvey Sales Manager

Газетно-информационный стиль

Проанализируйте текст газетной статьи и назовите основные черты газетно-информационного стиля:

The Bush administration has assembled what it believes to be significant

intelligence showing that Iraq has been actively moving and concealing banned weapons systems and related equipment from United Nations inspectors, according to informed sources.

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After a lengthy debate over what and how much of the intelligence to disclose, President Bush and his national security advisers have decided to declassify some of the information and make it public, perhaps as early as next week, in an effort to gamer more domestic and international support for confronting Iraqi President Saddam Hussein with military force, officials said.

‘The United States possesses several pieces of information which come from the work of our intelligence that show Iraq maintains prohibited weapons’, Secretary of State Colin L. Powell said in an interview published yesterday in an Italian newspaper. (The Washington Post)

Проанализируйте текст газетной статьи и назовите основные черты газетно-информационного стиля:

Home buyers took advantage of some of the lowest mortgage rates in

decades and catapulted sales of previously-owned homes in 2002 to the highest level on record. The housing market thrived even as the U.S. economy struggled all last seat to regain a solid footing. Previously-owned homes sold at an annual rate of 5.56 million in 2002, beating the record of 5.3 million set in 2001, the National Association of Realtors reported. Sales of previously-owned homes rose to a seasonally-adjusted annual rate of 5.86 million last month, a 5.2 percent increase from November’s level. The annualized rate reflects how many homes would sell if the same number of sales in a month continued for all 12 months. (The Washington Post)

Свободно-разговорный стиль

Рассмотрите фрагмент текста художественного произведения и назовите основные черты свободно-разговорного стиля:

Jenny: Where shall we put the nemesia this year? Bernard: Over there they’d make a show. Jenny: I thought dahlias by the fence. Bernard: They didn’t do much last year. Jenny: No, but... Bernard: Yes, perhaps. Jenny: We’re held back all the time w ith no greenhouse. Bernard: We’ll have one? Jenny: When? Bernard: Money! Jenny: You go on saying that. Bernard: I go on having to earn it. Jenny: Jack Foster said he might look in. Bernard: When?

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Jenny: Sometime. Bernard: No, w hen did you see him? Jenny: Shopping this morning. (G. Cooper. Everything in the Garden)

Рассмотрите фрагмент текста художественного произведения свободно-разговорного стиля и назовите его основные черты:

Whitaker: It was in a church hall – the dance I mean. One of the lads in

the billet took me. That’s how l met the girl. Smith: Got a photograph? Whitaker: I’ve got a couple back at camp. Smith: What’s she like? Bramah, ch? Whitaker: She’s... well, she’s sort of pretty, you know, like. Mary. That’s

her name. Mary Pearson. Comes up to about my shoulder and sort of yellowish hair. Works for un insurance company. In the office. Oh, she’s... bloody pretty, Smudge. Nothing outstanding, like – but, boy, she’s pretty. We was courting for three months very nearly. I was up there doing my basic training.

Smith: Take her out much, did you? Whitaker: I used to get to meet her a couple of times a week, like.

Whenever I could skive off. Get the bus from Camp centre into Darlington and meet her nights outside a shop. Some nights we’d go to the pictures – or dancing – or something – when I could afford it, like. I wasn’t loaded them days. So most nights we’d just walk up through the park, you know. Along by the river. The middle of summer I was at Catterick. Was it hot them boy! Oh, man..! She’s only seventeen – is it a bit young, do you think? (W. Hall. The Long and the Short and the Tall)

Рассмотрите текст письма неформального характера и назовите основные характеристики литературно-разговорного стиля:

We are sorrу that our computer ordering system went on the blink last

week. Don't worry, the system is now up and running again, but we think goods will arrive 2 or 3 days late. I'd guess the goods you've just ordered should arrive round Thursday. Thanks a lot for telling us about the problem with the ZP200. You'll be pleased to know the problem’s been put right now. Re the exhibition you're organising, it seems you want to return any goods you don’t sell. We're certainly interested, yes, but could I ask for more details before I let you know. Finally, just to tell you, as of 1st May our warehouse is now open 24 hours a day!

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Сравните вариант текста этого же письма, содержание которого изложено в официально-деловом стиле, и назовите соответствия:

Dear Mrs. Henderson, We would like to apologise for the failure of our computer ordering

system last week. Please be reassured that the system is now fully functional again. It is anticipated that the goods ordered will be delayed by two or three working days. The estimated arrival time for your latest order is Thursday.

We are grateful to you for reporting the defect in the ZP200 model. We are happy to announce that the defect has now been remedied.

You mention the possibility of taking goods from us ’on sale or return’ at an exhibition you are organising. We can certainly confirm our interest, but we would like to request further information before we commit ourselves to a decision.

Please be advised that as of 1 May our warehouse is now open 24 hours a day.

Yours sincerely, David Smith

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СПИСОК АВТОРОВ ТЕКСТОВ ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЙ, ИСПОЛЬЗОВАННЫХ В УПРАЖНЕНИЯХ

A. B. - A. Bennett A. C. ‐ A. Cronin A. Cl. - A. Clarke A. Col. - A. Collins A. H. - A. Huxley A. Hl. - A. Hailey A. M. - A. Miller A. S. - A. Saxton A. T. - A. Tolkien A. W. - A. Wesker AI. H. - A. Haley AI.-M. - A. Maltz B.- G. G. Byron B. Ch. - B. Charlestone B. D.- B. Davidson B. Db. - B. Dobree B. M. - B. Malamud B. N. - Bev. Nichols B.-Sh. - B. Shaw Bark. - A. Barker Bol. - D. Bolingbroke Br. B. - Br. Behan С. D. - A. Conan Doyle С. H. - С. Holmes С. R. - С. Rosenberg Ch. - A. Christie Ch. Br. - Ch. Bronte Ch. R. - Children's Rhymes Ch. T. - Ch. Taylor D. - Ch. Dickens D. B. - D. Barthelme D. С. - D. Cusack D. D. - D. Defoe D. du M. - D. du Maurier D. H. L. - D. H. Lawrence D. L. - D. Lessing D. P. - D. Parker

D. S. - D. Sayers D. Th. - D. Thomas D. U. - D. Uhnak Dr. - Th. Dreiser E. A. - E. Albey Е. Вг. - Е. Bronte Е. С. - Е. Caldwell Е. D. В. - Е. D. Biggers  Е. F. - Е. Ferber Е. L. - Е. Lear Е. М. - Е. Maurer E. W. - Е. Waugh Ev. - S. Evans F. - H. Fielding Fl. O'C. - Fl. O'Connor  Fr. B. - Fr. Bullen Fr. Вас. - Fr. Bacon Fr. N. - Fr. Norris G.-J. Galsworthy G. K. Ch. - G. K. Chesterton G. M. - G. Markey Gr.-J. Greenwood Gr. Gr. - Gr. Green Gr. M. - Gr. Metalious H.-E. Hemingway H. B. - H. Belloc H. С. - H. Caine H. L. - H. Lee H. R. - H. Reed H. St. - H. Stezar H. W. - H. G. Wells Hut. - A. Hutchinson I. M. - I. Murdoch I. Sh. - I. Shaw

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J. - J. Jones J. A. - J. Aldridge J. B. - J. Baldwin J. Br. - J. Braine J. С. - J. Conrad J. Car. - J. Сагу J. D. P. - J. Dos Passos J. E. - J. Eszterhas J. F. - J. Fowles J. G. - J. Gardner J. J. - J. Joyce J. K. - J. Kerouac J. L. - J. Lindsay J. O'H. - J. O'Hara J. R. - J. Reed J. Rod. - J. Rodker J. St. - J. Steinbeck J. Sw. - J. Swift Jn. B. - J. Barth Jn. Bn. - J. Bunyan Jn. C. - J. Carson Jn. H. - J. Hawkes Js. H. - J. Heller K. - J. Kilty K. A. P. - K. A. Porter K. K. - K. Kesey K. M. - K. Mansfield K. P. - K. S. Prichard K. Pk. - K. Pike K. S. - K. Sandburg L. - St. Leacock L. Ch. - L. Charteris Luc. - S. Lucas M. - A. Milne M. G. - M. Gold M. R. - M. Renault M. S. - M. Spillane M. Sp. - M. Spark M. St. - Morning Star M. T. - M. Twain

M. W. - M. Wilson N. - Naval Aviation News N. M. - N. Mailer N. T. - N. Travis N. W. - N. West Ng. M. - Ng. Marsh O. - J. Osborne O'C. - S. O'Casey O. H. - O. Henry O'N. - E. O'Neill O. N.- O. Nash O. W. - O. Wilde P. - J. B. Priestley P. A. - P. Abrahams P. B. - P. Benchley P. Ch. - P. Cheyney P. G. W. - P. G. Wodehouse P. M. - P. la Murre P. Q. - P. Quentin P. St. - P. Strevens Ph. L. - Ph. Larkin Ph. R. - Ph. Roth Ph. S. - Ph. Sydney R. A. - R. Aldington R. B. - R. Burns R. Br. - R. Bradburry R. Ch. - R. Chandler R. F. - R. Fowler R. Fr. - R. Frost R. K. - R. Kipling R. Sh. - R. Sheridan R. W. - R. P. Warren Rch. B. - R. Bach S. - J. D. Salinger S. B. - S. Beckett S. С. - S. T. Coleridge S. Ch. - S. Chaplin S. H. - S. Heaney

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S. L. - S. Lewis S. M. - S. Maugham Sc. F. - Sc. Fitzgerald Sh. A. - Sh. Anderson Sh. D. - Sh. Delaney Sh. Gr. - Sh. A. Grau Shel. - P. B. Shelley St. B. - St. Barstow St. H. - St. Heym T. - A. Tennyson Т. С. - T. Capote Т. Н. - T. Howard T. R. - T. Rawson T. W. - Th. Wolfe Th. - W. Thackeray Th. M. - Th. B. Macaulay Th. P. - Th. Pynchon Th. S. - Th. Smith Th. W. - Th. Wilder

U. - J. Updike V. - G. H. Vallins V. W. -V. Woolf W. - O. Wadsley W. Br. - W. Bragg W. С. - W. Fr. Collier W. D. - W. Deeping W. G. - W. S. Gilbert W. Gl. - W. Golding W. H. D. - V. H. Davies W. I. - W. Irwing W. S. - W. Sansom W. Sc. - W. Scott W. Sh. - W. Shakespeare W. Q. - W. Queux Wic. - Th. Wicker

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БИБЛИОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ СПИСОК

1. Ивашкин, М. П. Практикум по стилистике английского языка = A Manual of English Stylistics : учебное пособие / М. П. Ивашкин, , В. В. Сдобников, А.В. Селяев. – Москва : АСТ: Восток-Запад, 2005. – 101 с.

2. Кухаренко, В. А. Практикум по стилистике английского языка : учебное пособие для студентов филол. фак. ун-тов, ин-тов и фак. ин. яз. / В. А. Кухаренко. – Москва: Высш. шк. – 1986. – 144 с.

3. Кузнецова, Н. С. Практикум по стилистике английского языка : учебное пособие / Н. С. Кузнецова, Н. А. Шайдорова. – Великий Новгород, 2007. – 85 с.

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