e-commerce trends for organizational advancement · dr. badiuddin ahmed*; md rafiuddin** *associate...

ZENITH

International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research

Vol.1 Issue 6, October 2011, ISSN 2231 5780

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E-COMMERCE TRENDS FOR ORGANIZATIONAL

ADVANCEMENT

DR. BADIUDDIN AHMED*; MD RAFIUDDIN**

*Associate Professor & Head, Department of Management and Commerce,

Maulana Azad National Urdu University,

Hyderabad, A.P.- 500032 India.

**Assistant professor, Department of Management Studies,

Lords Institute of Engineering and Technology,

Himayath Sagar, Hyderabad, A.P. -500008 India.

ABSTRACT

Globalization means a big change in regulation of the economy. Borders are less significant

and are partly supplemented by electronic firewalls (e.g. the Golden Shield Project of

China). The recent advances in wireless and mobile communication technologies enable

users to conduct commercial activities anywhere and at any time. In this new environment,

the designing of appropriate applications constitutes both a necessity and a challenge at the

same time in order to support effectively the movable user. Considering the global spread of

e-commerce technologies and the rapid pace of organizational adoption of these

technological advancements, there is a need for reliable research results on e-services,

outsourcing applications, and consumer resources management, Consumer Behaviour,

Organizational Development. This article provides current coverage of e-commerce issues,

like electronic identities (e-persons), electronic actions (e-actions), electronic market places

and social fora, trends, and methodologies with a focus on how organizations can adapt to

and benefit from new systems and tools in the field. consumers are more focused than ever

on finding the best prices, firms like Amazon that are known for their high value at low

prices strategy are well positioned to prosper.

KEYWORDS: Distinct Categories of E-Commerce, Significance of E-Commerce, Trends,

New Tricks, Commit To Advancement, What's Next.

INTRODUCTION

The ecommerce and Internet sector has evolved rapidly, going through several

distinct stages since its beginnings in the 1970s. Before we delve into an analysis of the

trends that are shaping the Internet sector today

Electronic commerce or e-commerce consists primarily of the distributing, buying,

selling, marketing, and servicing of products or services over electronic systems such as the

Internet and other computer networks. The information technology industry might see it as

an electronic business application aimed at commercial transactions. It can involve

electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, e-marketing, online marketing, online

transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), automated inventory management

systems, and automated data collection systems. It typically uses electronic communications

technology such as the Internet, extranets, email, e-books, databases, and mobile phones.

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FIG 1: MEANING OF E-COMMERCE

GLOBAL VIEW OF E-COMMERCE

The Great Recession that the world faced in 2008-2009 had mixed effects on the E-

Commerce and Internet industry. Online ad sales were soft, and in many cases ad prices

were down considerably. Since consumers are more focused than ever on finding the best

prices, firms like Amazon that are known for their high value at low prices strategy are well

positioned to prosper. The global Internet audience continued to grow rapidly, with the

worldwide base of Internet users now in the 1.7 billion ranges, including a large base of

mobile broadband users.

Growth in 2010-2011 will be access to the Internet via mobile devices and consumer

access to entertainment online (such as television programs viewed online). Consumer

purchases overall will remain relatively weak, due to tough economic times, particularly in

the U.S. and other nations with high rates of unemployment. Sales on eBay were up by only

2.1% in 2009, but profits soared by 34.2% thanks to cost control and effective new

strategies.

The standout winner in e-commerce of late is Amazon, where sales have soared thanks to

aggressive discount pricing and an ever-growing variety of merchandise categories.

Amazon’s revenues rose by 27.8% in 2009, to $24.5 billion, and profits grew substantially

as well. Clearly, there is growing adoption of online consumer purchases throughout the

world’s major economies. Online advertising leader Google saw revenues increase 8.5% in

fiscal 2009, to $23.65 billion, while profits soared 54.2% to $6.5 billion. China now holds

the world’s highest number of Internet users, at an estimated 384 million as of early 2010,

according to the China Internet Network Information Centre, representing growth of 86

million during 2009. Growth in broadband subscriptions worldwide is very strong. Analysts

estimate that there were 578 million broadband subscribers worldwide by the end of 2009

(both fixed and wireless), and that the number will surpass 1 billion by 2013.

FUNCTIONS OF ELECTRONIC COMMERCE

The four functions of e-commerce are:

1. Communication

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2. Process management

3. Service management

4. Transaction capabilities

FIG 2: SHOWING FOUR FUNCTIONS OF E-COMMERCE

DISTINCT CATEGORIES OF E-COMMERCE

Four distinct categories of electronic commerce can be identified as follows

• BUSINESS-TO-BUSINESS (B2B): Business-to-Business refers to the full spectrum of

ecommerce that can occur between two organizations. Among other activities, B2B

ecommerce includes purchasing and procurement, supplier management, inventory

management, channel management, sales activities, payment management, and service and

support. While we may be familiar with a few B2B pioneers- e.g., Chemdex

(www.chemdex.com), Fastparts (www.fastparts.com), and FreeMarkets

(www.freemarkets.com) - some other exciting new consortia are emerging.

• BUSINESS-TO-CONSUMER (B2C): Business-to-Consumer e-commerce refers to

exchanges between businesses and consumers, e.g., Amazon.com, Yahoo.com and

Schwab.com. Similar transactions that occur in business-to business e-commerce also take

place in the business-to-consumer context. For instance, as with smaller business-to-

business, transactions that relate to the “back office” of the customer (i.e., inventory

management at the home) are often not tracked electronically. However, all customer-

facing, or “front office” activities are typically tracked. These include sales activities,

consumer search, frequently asked questions and service and support.

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• CONSUMER-TO-CONSUMER (C2C): Consumer-to-Consumer exchanges involve

transactions between and among consumers. These exchanges may or may not include

third-[arty involvement as in the case of the auction-exchange eBay. Other activities

include: classified ads (www.numberoneclassifieds.com), games (www.heat.net), jobs

(www.monster.com), Web-based communication (www.icq.com), and personal services

(e.g., Yahoo! Personals, webpersonals.com).

• CONSUMER-TO-BUSINESS (C2B): Consumers can band together to form and present

themselves as a buyer group to businesses in a consumer-to-business relationship. These

groups may be economically motivated as with the demand aggregator, Mercata.com, or

socially oriented as with cause-related advocacy at voxcap.com. see below

FIG 3: COMPARISON OF DISTINCT CATEGORIES OF E-COMMERCE

SIGNIFICANCE OF E-COMMERCE

The electronic market place participants are not limited only to digital product

companies. e.g. publishing, software and information industries. The digital age and the

digital revolution affect all by virtue of their process innovations:

Web-TV and digital television is going to affect TV news and entertainment

programmes.

Changes in telecommunication will affect the way the information is received,

product announcements, orders etc.

Phones, Fax machines, Copiers, PCs and Printers have become essential ingredients

in doing business, so are E-mail, websites and integrated digital communication.

Today’s office business machines are not integrated. (eg. Faxed orders have to be

typed in on computers).

COMMON ONLINE CONSUMER ACTIVITIES

1. Research Work

2. Automobile Purchase Information

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3. Banking/Manage Accounts

4. Instant Message

5. Dating

6. Shopping

7. Read/Post to Facebook, MySpace and LinkedIn

8. Check/Trade Stock and Investment Accounts

9. Email/Instant Message

10. Job Search

11. Mortgage Information and Application

12. Participate in Auctions

13. Play Games

14. Read News Items

15. Read Product or Entertainment Reviews

16. Download Entertainment/Watch Videos

17. Research Consumer Health Issues

18. Shop/Check Product Prices and Features

19. Make Travel Reservations

20. Visit Pornographic Sites

21. Gamble

MAJOR TRENDS AFFECTING THE E-COMMERCE

1. Booking Travel Over the Internet Becomes the Norm

2. Apple’s iPod Revitalizes the Music Industry/Amazon and MySpace Follow Suit

3. Internet Film and TV Content Grows as Viewers’ Options and Downloads Expand

4. User Generated Content, Social Media, Video, Blogs and Wikis Abound

5. Car Purchasers Rely on the Internet

6. Health Information Research Remains a Leading Use of the Internet

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7. Bricks, Clicks and Catalogs Create Synergies While Online Sales Growth Slows

8. Amazon Posts Growth While Other Retailers Suffer

9. Online Advertising Becomes Targeted, Nears 10% of Total U.S. Advertising Market

10. Banks See Growth in Online Services

11. Insurance Direct Selling and E-Commerce Grows

12. Wi-Fi Accelerates

13. WiMAX Extends Wireless Range Far Beyond Wi-Fi

14. Last Mile Challenges Tumble; Mass Broadband Markets Emerge

15. Fiber-to-the-Home Gains Traction

16. Services Available via Ultra-High-Speed Broadband are Imaginative, Futuristic

17. U.S. Broadband Connections Rank Behind Other Nations

18. VOIP Use Soars and Threatens to Revolutionize Telecom

19. Telecommunications Move Online Including Unified Communications,

Telepresence

20. Security Needs Flourish/Firefox and Google Chrome Grow

OLD DOGS HAVE LEARNED NEW TRICKS

Research firm McKinsey & Company recently unearthed a fascinating statistic: 86

percent of the most successful e-tailers are online channels of existing, established brick-

and-mortar companies. Someone a long time ago put forth the radical theory that a company

needs a business plan to survive in the long-term. Web-based companies slapped together,

someone’s home office are not likely to have as sound business plans as a company such as

Eddie Bauer that has been around for generations.

E-COMMERCE STATISTICS

TABLE 1: E-COMMERCE INDUSTRY QUARTERLY REVENUES: 2008-2009

(IN MILLIONS OF US$)

NAICS

Code1

Kind of business 2009 2008 % of

Total2

3Q* 2Q 1Q 4Q

5112 Software publishers 33,239 34,905 33,124 38,533 100.0

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Government

Business

Household consumers & individuals

2,567

26,996

3,676

2,694

28,171

4,040

2,399

26,635

4,090

2,531

32,247

3,755

7.7

81.2

11.1

516,

5181,

519

Internet publishing & broadcasting,

Internet service providers, web

search portals & other information

services

Government

Business Household consumers &

individuals

14,372

1,938

9,522

2,912

14,204

1,858

9,359

2,987

14,135

2,050

9,135

2,950

15,123

2,162

9,656

3,305

100.0

13.5

66.3

20.3

5171

Wired telecommunications carriers

Government

Business


43,928

1,656

22,440

19,832

44,759

1,701

23,186

19,872

44,294

1,562

23,061

19,671

45,754

1,780

24,196

S

100.0

3.8

51.1

45.1

5172 Wireless telecom. carriers (except

satellite

48,584 47,673 47,025 47,589 100.0

5182

Data processing, hosting & related

services

Government

Business


17,682

1,820

14,763

S

17,791

2,000

14,668

1,123

17,555

1,786

14,473

S

18,008

1,819

14,907

S

100.0

10.3

83.5

S

5415

Computer systems design and

related services

Government

Business

65,132

21,489

43,039

64,356

20,051

43,640

61,928

18,579

42,748

64,816

19,305

44,918

100.0

33.0

66.1

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

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S = Estimate does not meet publication standards because of high sampling variability

(coefficient of variation is greater than 30%) or poor response quality (total quantity

response rate is less than 50%). For a description of publication standards and the total

quantity response rate, see http://www.census.gov/quality/S20-0_v1.0_Data_Release.pdf

* Preliminary estimate.

1 For a full description of the NAICS codes used in this table, see

www.census.gov/epcd/www/naics.html

2 Percentages for class of customer using latest quarterly numbers.

TABLE 2: WORLD INTERNET USAGE & POPULATION STATISTICS: 2009

World Regions Population

(2009 Est.)

Population%

of World

Internet

Usage,

Latest Data

%Population

(Penetration)

Usage

% of

World

Usage

Growth

2000-

2009

Africa 991,002,342 14.64% 67,371,700 6.8% 3.89% 1392.4%

Asia 3,808,070,503 56.27% 738,257,230 19.4% 42.58% 545.9%

China 1,338,612,968 19.78% 360,000,000 26.9% 20.76% 1500.0%

Hong Kong 7,055,071 0.10% 4,878,713 69.2% 0.28% 113.7%

Japan 127,078,679 1.88% 95,979,000 75.5% 5.54% 103.9%

India 1,156,897,766 17.09% 81,000,000 7.0% 4.67% 1520.0%

Europe 803,850,858 11.88% 418,029,796 52.0% 24.11% 297.8%

France 62,150,775 0.92% 43,100,134 69.3% 2.49% 407.1%

Germany 82,329,758 1.22% 54,229,325 65.9% 3.13% 126.0%

Russia 140,041,247 2.07% 45,250,000 32.3% 2.61% 1359.7%

Sweden 9,059,651 0.13% 8,085,500 89.2% 0.47% 99.7%

United Kingdom 61,113,205 0.90% 46,683,900 76.4% 2.69% 203.1%

Turkey 76,805,524 1.13% 26,500,000 34.5% 1.53% 1225.0%

Middle East 202,687,005 2.99% 57,425,046 28.3% 3.31% 1648.2%

North America 340,831,831 5.04% 252,908,000 74.2% 14.59% 134.0%

Canada 33,487,208 0.49% 25,086,000 74.9% 1.45% 97.5%

United States 307,212,123 4.54% 227,719,000 74.1% 13.13% 138.8%

http://www.census.gov/quality/S20-0_v1.0_Data_Release.pdf

http://www.census.gov/epcd/www/naics.html

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Latin

America/Caribbean

586,662,468 8.67% 179,031,479 30.5% 10.32% 890.8%

Mexico 111,211,789 1.64% 27,600,000 24.8% 1.59% 917.5%

Brazil 198,739,269 2.94% 67,510,400 34.0% 3.89% 1250.2%

Oceania/Australia 34,700,201 0.51% 20,970,490 60.4% 1.21% 175.2%

New Zealand 4,213,418 0.06% 3,360,000 79.7% 0.19% 304.8%

Australia 21,262,641 0.31% 17,033,826 80.1% 0.98% 158.1%

WORLD TOTAL 6,767,805,208 100.00% 1,733,993,741 25.6% 100.00% 380.3%

Source: Internet World Stats, www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm

Note: Data is as of September 30, 2009.

TABLE 3: TOP 10 GLOBAL WEB PARENT COMPANIES, HOME & WORK:

DECEMBER 2009

Parent Name Unique Audience

(000)

Active

Reach %

Time Per

Person

Google 353,851 83.91 2:38:50

Microsoft 315,490 74.81 3:01:38

Yahoo! 228,711 54.23 2:12:36

Facebook 206,878 49.06 5:57:17

eBay 163,844 38.85 1:41:31

Wikimedia Foundation 141,239 33.49 0:16:01

Amazon 137,364 32.57 0:32:11

AOL LLC 129,360 30.67 2:21:03

News Corp. Online 120,316 28.53 0:59:17

IAC/InterActiveCorp 115,131 27.30 0:11:36

Source: Nielsen Online

http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm

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TALE 4: TOP 20 E-COMMERCE SITES, JANUARY 2009

(WEEK ENDING JANUARY 24, 2009; BASED ON MARKET SHARE OF VISITS)

Rank Name Domain Market Share

1 Amazon.com www.amazon.com 12.65%

2 Walmart www.half.ebay.com 5.34%

3 Target www.target.com 3.14%

4 BestBuy www.bestbuy.com 2.52%

5 JC Penney www.jcpenney.com 1.96%

6 QVC www.qvc.com 1.83%

7 Sears www.sears.com 1.74%

8 Overstock.com www.overstock.com 1.58%

9 Dell USA www.dell.com 1.41%

10 Home Depot www.homedepot.com 1.35%

11 Lowes www.lowes.com 1.30%

12 CircuitCity.com www.circuitcity.com 1.28%

13 Ticketmaster www.ticketmaster.com 1.24%

14 Home Shopping Network www.hsn.com 1.23%

15 Macy's www.macys.com 1.03%

16 Cabela's www.cabelas.com 1.03%

17 Kohl's www.kohls.com 0.95%

18 Fandango www.fandango.com 0.93%

19 Barnes & Noble www.barnesandnoble.com 0.85%

20 Toys 'R Us www.toyrsus.com 0.84%

Source: Experian Hitwise

Note: This index does not include websites from the following industries: auctions,

classifieds, subscription services, DVD and video game rental, reward point collecting and

coupons.

http://www.target.com/

http://www.qvc.com/

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TABLE 5: LEADING SEARCH ENGINES, FEBRUARY 2010

(RANKED BY VOLUME OF SEARCHES)

Rank Search Engine Search Volume

1 www.google.com 71.35%

2 search.yahoo.com 14.60%

3 www.bing.com 9.56%

4 www.ask.com 2.55%

5 www.aolsearch.com 1.06%

Source: Experian Hitwise

Note: Data was collected during the four weeks ending February 6, 2010.

TABLE 6: EBAY QUARTERLY STATISTICS: 2003-2009

2009

4Q

2009

3Q

2009

2Q

2009

1Q

2008

1Q

2007

1Q

2006

1Q

2005

1Q

Value of Items

Sold1

(In Billions of US$)

16.3 14.6 13.4 12.8 16.0 14.3 12.5 10.6

Revenues2

(In Billions of US$) 2.40 2.20 2.10 2.02 2.19 1.77 1.39 1.032

Income3

(In Millions of

US$)

586.0 502.0 479.0 500.0 561.5 460.5 342.9 275.5

Active Users4

(In Millions) 90.1 89.2 88.4 88.3 86.2 82.9 75.4 60.5

Source: eBay

1 Gross Merchandise Volume (GMV), the total value of all successfully closed items on

eBay’s trading platforms.

2 Consolidated net revenues.

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3 Pro forma net income, or non-GAAP net income.

4 The number of users on the eBay platform, who bid on, bought, listed or sold an item

within the previous 12-month period.

COMMIT TO ADVANCEMENT

As we look back at e-commerce as it was two years ago, we have seen major shifts

in the way companies are doing business online. What was hip then is not what customers

want today. Those companies that are successful and staying successful are constantly

reshaping and revaluating their e-businesses. Companies such as Amazon, eBay, and Dell

(and the list goes on) have made sure to stay ahead of the curve in the e-commerce arena.

Commitment to never-ending improvement and adopted the advancement is the key to

staying ahead. You will notice that it is a combination of offering more and better services,

redefining their position in the marketplace, researching customer buying trends, partnering

with companies, and continuing to take advantage of technological changes.

CASE # 1

THE DELL STORY

Dell was one of the first companies to reap the benefits of e-commerce.

Dell has continually improved its site to include more personalization and one-to-one

relationships with its customers. It has consistently increased online customer service and

has expanded its business to provide added value services. Currently, more than 40 percent

of the company's revenue is from sales online. This year it has generated approximate $15

million per day of revenue online. Dell expects to generate half its revenue online by the

end of this year. Dell attributes its success to customer service and providing a personalized

experience for its shoppers. In 1999, Dell was named one of the winners of the Ten Best

Web Support Sites from the Association of Support Professionals. Although Dell is one of

the leading e-commerce success stories, it has not stopped thinking ahead. This year it

invested $26 million into SiteSmith, an application service provider that is expanding its

services worldwide. You may ask, why would Dell go into the application service provider

market? Well, Dell's acquisition is part of the company's efforts to expand into new markets

and increase its revenue stream beyond just selling computers online. Dell's goal is to

increase its infrastructure services using the ASP business model. Another initiative is the

development of Dell Ventures, which will focus on making strategic investments in early-

stage private companies. Dell is also offering clients value-added services such as Web

design and e-commerce storefronts.

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CASE # 2

THE EBAY STORY

eBay, with a simple concept (Web-based auctions) and a market capitalization of

$16 billion, has harnessed the resources of the Internet to capture over two million

registered users. Has it stopped looking ahead? No! eBay is constant looking for ways to

increase its markets by providing international sites and moving into new markets. This

year, eBay partnered with zipReality.com to provide a new category of products and

services called eBay Real Estate. zipRealty.com will provide professional real estate

services as part of the new category. By taking advantage of zipRealty.com and the

powerful technology and infrastructure of eBay, both companies will win in this market.

Even though eBay is a brand name for auctioning online, it still keeps moving forward and

thinking of the next steps it must take to stay ahead of the market.

CASE # 3

THE JCPENNEY STORY

JCPenney.com has 2.56% market share. It is amazing how JCPenney went from

including a few catalog items online to becoming one of the most visited sites on the

Internet. In order to move ahead, it formed a separate subsidiary called JCP Internet

Commerce Solutions, which focuses primarily on its e-commerce presence and catalog. The

key to JCPenney's success was thinking about how it could provide the best customer

service, fulfilment, and personalization online. We are seeing that often brick-and-mortar

companies will create a new department or company purely related to e-commerce. Why?

Because e-commerce is not completely the same as selling via catalog or in a brick-and-

mortar store. However, it takes time to shift a large corporation to think in e-commerce.

CASE # 4

THE BID.COM STORY

Bid.com was a company that created an auction-based site focused on business-to-

consumer auctions. It wanted to provide a site similar to eBay. The results it lost

substantially over the year. In the spring of 1999, the company's share price crested at

$30.70 in Toronto but then suffered a long decline, bottoming at the end of May at $2.80

per share. Did Bid.com keep on pushing its site to the business-to-consumer market? No!

Instead it rethought its business model and shifted toward the business-to-business model.

The company knew it had a great auction technology, so it moved to a business model based

entirely on selling the online auction technology and services to other businesses. The

company business revenue model is now based on implementation fees, monthly hosting

fees, and transaction fees from the businesses.

Bid.com is now seeing some successes with this new model. Customers such as GE

Capital and strategic partners such as PricewaterhouseCoopers are becoming part of

Bid.com. In this example, we see a complete shift in the offerings from an e-company.

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THINK! THINK! THINK! WHAT'S NEXT

A few companies are thinking ahead. Because the e-commerce field is constantly

changing with innovative individuals and companies moving ahead, commit to

advancement is the key.

The following is a great list to help you make sure you are not forgetting the areas to focus:

1. Read.

a. Know what the latest research/inventions/tech solutions are.

b. Know what is happening in the market around you.

2. Research the trends.

a. Your customers change daily-do you know how they've changed?

b. Available products change daily.

i. Do you know what's out there?

ii. Can you add new products to your site?

c. Your competitors change daily.

i. Do you know what they're planning?

ii. How can you position yourself away from them?

iii. How can you keep your selling point unique?

3. Invest in change that improves access to your goods and services.

a. Invest in marketing repositioning.

b. Invest in Web site enhancements.

4. Invest in change that adds value to your goods and services.

a. Invest in service upgrades.

b. Invest in product upgrades.

c. Invest in information upgrades.

5. Create barriers to entry for subsequent competitors.

a. Make sure the value of your product/service increases with higher use or

distribution.

b. Keep your branding unique and strong.

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c. Define yourself apart by honing your unique selling point.

6. Network!

a. Become involved in groups that feed on success.

b. Join the e-commerce consortium.

CONCLUSION

The e-commerce is one of the biggest thing that has taken the business by a storm. It

is creating an entire new economy, which has a huge potential and is fundamentally

changing the way businesses are done. It has advantages for both buyers as well as sellers

and this win-win situation is at the core of its phenomenal rise. The e-commerce market is

fairly new. Companies will need to test what works and what does not work. The key is to

do it right once. You may find over time that what you thought would work does not work.

Though there are some weak links, with improvements in technology and commitment in

the advancement, they will be ironed out, making the e-commerce easy, convenient and

secure. The ecommerce is certainly here to stay.

REFERENCES

1. Bajaj & Nag (2000), “E-Commerce- The Cutting Edge of Business”, New Delhi

2000

2. Brian E. Mennecke and Troy J. Strader (2003), Mobile Commerce—Technology,

Theory, and Applications, Idea Group Publishing, Singapore and London.

3. C.S.V.Murthy (2006), E-Commerce, Himalaya Publishing House, New Delhi 2002.

4. Georg Erber, Peter Klaus und-“E-Commerce-induced Change in Logistics and

Transport Systems”,

5. International Journal of Electronic Commerce - Special section: Diversity in

electronic commerce research, Volume 1 Issue 1, September 2010.

6. Jack W. Plunkett (2010), E-commerce and Internet Business Almanac, Plunkett’s

Research Ltd. USA.

7. Nabeel Al-Qirim (2004), Electronic Commerce: in Small to Medium-Sized

Enterprises, Idea Group Publishing, Singapore and London.

8. Sam Lubbe (2003), The Economic and Social Impacts of E-Commerce, Idea Group

Publishing, Singapore and London.

9. Steve Elliot (2002), Electronic Commerce: B2C Strategies and Models, John Wiley

& Sons Ltd, England.

10. Ulrich Voigt in: Economic Bulletin 10, Vol. 38, 2001, p. 313-320.

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11. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_commerce

12. http://www.census.gov/quality/S20-0_v1.0_Data_Release.pdf

13. http://www.cyberzest.com/ecommerce/Ecommerce%20Growth%20in%20India

14. www.census.gov/epcd/www/naics.html

15. www.ecommerce-guide.com

16. www.ecommercetrends.com

17. www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_commerce

http://www.census.gov/quality/S20-0_v1.0_Data_Release.pdf

http://www.cyberzest.com/ecommerce/Ecommerce%20Growth%20in%20India

http://www.census.gov/epcd/www/naics.html

http://www.ecommerce-guide.com/

http://www.ecommercetrends.com/

http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm

e-commerce trends for organizational advancement · dr. badiuddin ahmed*; md rafiuddin** *associate...

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