E-AIMS project overview

P.Y. Le Traon, Ifremer & Mercator Ocean

Context

The Euro-Argo research infrastrcuture and the Euro-Argo ERIC

Argo international: new phase of Argo

GMES/Copernicus Marine Service

The Euro-Argo European Research Infrastructure

Objective: ensure a long term European contribution to Argo

The goal: Europe establishes an infrastructure for ¼ of the global array Deploy about 250 floats per year to contribute to the Argo core mission

including regional enhancements (Nordic seas, Mediterranean&Blackseas) (maintain an array of 800 floats).

Prepare and contribute to the extension of Argo (e.g. marginal seas,biogeochemistry, deep ocean, polar regions)

Dual use: ocean and climate research and operational oceanography(Copernicus Marine Service)

Set up a new European legal structure (Euro-Argo ERIC) (May 2014)

that allow European countries to consolidate and improve their

contribution to Argo international.

Organize the functioning of the ERIC. New members/observers.

Contribute to the global array and sampling of European regional seas.

Work with DG MARE and DG GROW to set up a long term EU funding for Euro-Argo to complement national contributions.

Continue working with the user communities (scientific conferences, usermeetings). Maintain strong links with Copernicus and Emodnet.

Education and outreach.

Prepare high quality data sets required by ocean and climate change research.

Improving float technology and interactions with float manufacturers.

Prepare the implementation of the new phase of Argo at European level:deep ocean, biogeochemistry and Arctic. Pilot projects, national roadmapsand new agreements at European level.

Integration of Euro-Argo with other marine research infrastructures: towardsan European Ocean Observing System.

Euro-Argo priorities for the coming years

Evolution of Argo for the next decade

Proven concept. Transition from research

to sustained operational mode. 800 to

900 floats to be deployed per year .

Evolution of instrumentation (data

transmission, hardware, lifetime)

The array needs to evolve over time.

Extending the core mission.

Under ice and high latitudes

Marginal seas

Sampling (e.g. WBC, tropics)

Deep ocean (Deep Argo)

New sensors and Bio-Argo (Oxygen,

Chl-a, Nitrate, Carbon, pH)

Extension is on going: pilot experiments

are organized and long term plans are

discussed Euro-Argo ERIC and E-AIMS

and now Atlantos at EU level. ~4200 float array

Cliquez et modifiez le titre

Copernicus, EU program

SATELLITES

IN SITU

SERVICES

MARINE

ATMOSPHERE

LAND

SECURITY

EMERGENCY

CLIMATE

2007-2013GMES DEVELOPMENT PHASE

2014-2020COPERNICUS OPERATIONAL PHASE

Impact of Argo

for the Copernicus Marine Service

There is a high dependency of Copernicus

Marine Service with respect to Argo.

Without Argo or with a degraded Argo, many

products will not have the accuracy required

by users.

E-AIMS

Project overview

E-AIMS 16 Partners

Links with the Euro-Argo

ERIC and its governance

Links with GMES/

Copernicus Marine Service

Overall objective: design

and test of new float

technology and impact for

the GMES/Copernicus

Marine Service

Prepare the evolution of

Argo in Europe

Start January 2013

End December 2015

EU funding = 2 Meuros

E-AIMS – Objectives

E-AIMS will organize an end-to-end evaluation of new Argo floats (from

float design down to the use by Copernicus). Observing System

Evaluations and Sensitivity Experiments will also be conducted to

provide recommendations for the next phase of Argo that take into

account Copernicus Marine Service, seasonal/decadal climate

forecasting and satellite validation requirements.

E-AIMS will thus demonstrate the capability of the Euro-Argo

infrastructure to conduct R&D driven by Copernicus needs and

demonstrate that procurement, deployment and processing of floats for

Copernicus can be organized at European level.

These are key aspects for the long term sustainability of Copernicus in-

situ component.

End of E-AIMS: agree on and start implementing Argo extension

in Europe (Euro-Argo ERIC). This requires demonstrating

feasibility and utility.

E-AIMS Workpackages

• WP1: Management/Coordination (Ifremer) (T0-T0+36)

• WP7: Scientific and technical coordination (Ifremer) (T0-T0+36)

• WP8: Communication and dissemination (Ifremer) (T0-T0+36)

• WP2: R&D on float technology (Ifremer) (T0-T0+30)

• WP3: Impact and design studies from GMES/Copernicus Marine Service andseasonal/decadal forecasting centers (Mercator Ocean) (T0-T0+24)

• WP4 : Impact of Argo observations for the validation of satelliteobservations and for joint in-situ/satellite analyses (CSIC) (T0-T0+24)

• WP5: R&D on Euro-Argo data system and interfaces with GMES/CopernicusMarine Service (T0-T0+18 ) (Ifremer)

• WP6: Real time processing, assessment and impact (T0+18-T0+33) (OGS)

m12 m18 m24 m30 m36

E-AIMS WP and leadership Begins Ends

WP1 Management M0 M36

Task 1.1 Project management M0 M36

WP2 R&D on float technology M0 M33

Task 2.1 Test of new oxygen sensors M0 M30

Task 2.2 Test of new deep floats M0 M30

Task 2.3 Test of new biological floats M0 M30

Task 2.4 Test of floats with Iridium/Argos3

transmission capabilityM0 M30

Task 2.5 Test of Arctic floats M0 M30

Task 2.6 Synthesis M30 M33

WP3Impact and design studies from GMES Marine

Service and Seasonal/Decadal forecasting centers M0 M24

Task 3.1 Global ocean analysis and forecastingM0 M21

Task 3.2 Weather, seasonal and decadal forecasting M0 M21

Task 3.3 Mediterranean & Black Sea M0 M21

Task 3.4 Synthesis M21 M24

WP4

Impact of Argo Observations for the validation of

Satellite observations, for joint in-situ/ satellite

analyses

M0 M24

Task 4.1 Altimetry M0 M21

Task 4.2 Ocean Colour M0 M21

Task 4.3 SST M0 M21

Task 4.4 Sea Surface Salinity M0 M21

Task 4.4 Synthesis M21 M24

WP5R&D on Euro-Argo data system and interfaces with

Marine ServiceM0 M18

Task 5.1 Define, prototype and test real time and

delayed mode data processing techniques for oxygen

variable

M0 M12

Task 5.2 Define and test real time and

delayed mode data processing techniques for other

biogeochemical variables

M0 M12

Task 5.3 Develop the Euro-Argo DACs for the new

Argo floatsM12 M18

WP6 Real time processing, assessment and impact M18 M36

Task 6.1 Real time data processing of new floats

(Euro-Argo DACs and GDAC) and interfaces with

MyOcean in-situ TAC

M18 M33

Task 6.2 Impact of use for GMES Marine Service M24 M33

Task 6.3 Impact and use for satellite Cal/val M24 M33

Task 6.4 Synthesis of results and final assessment M33 M36

WP7 Scientific and technical coordination M0 M36

Task 7.1 Financial and administrative management M0 M36

WP8 Communication and dissemination M0 M36

Task 8.1 Communication M0 M36

Annual meeting - all partners

Steering committee meeting

Workshops

Kick-off meeting SC meeting Annual meeting SC meeting Annual meeting SC meeting Annual meeting

WP3 / WP4 workshops

m0 m6

E-AIMS planning

T0: January 1st, 2013

End: December 31st, 2015

Deliverables – Year 1

Deliverable Deliverable Title WP Beneficiary Delivery

D3.11 Global ocean analysis and forecasting: initial requirements 3 Mercator Ocean 3

D3.21 Weather, seasonal and decadal forecasting: initial requirements 3 UKMO 3

D3.31 Mediterranean and Black Sea: initial requirements 3 INGV 3

D4.11 Altimetry: initial requirements 4 CLS 3

D4.21 SST: initial requirements 4 UKMO 3

D4.31 Ocean Colour: initial requirements 4 ACRI-ST 3

D4.41 Sea Surface Salinity: initial requirements 4 CSIC 3

D8.11 WWW site 8 IFREMER 3

D3.12 Global ocean analysis and forecasting : synthesis of past OSE/OSSEs activities and plan 3 Mercator Ocean 9

D3.22 Weather, seasonal and decadal forecasting: synthesis of past OSE/OSSEs activities and plan 3 UKMO 9

D3.32 Mediterranean and Black Sea: synthesis of past OSE/OSSEs activities and plan 3 INGV 9

D4.12 Altimetry: synthesis of past studies and plan for E-AIMS 4 CLS 9

D4.22 SST: synthesis of past use and design activities and plans for E-AIMS 4 UKMO 9

D4.32 Ocean Colour: synthesis of past studies and plan for E-AIMS 4 ACRI-ST 9

D4.42 Sea Surface Salinity: synthesis of past studies and plan for E-AIMS 4 CSIC 9

D2.11 Oxygen sensor and float experiment design 2 GEOMAR 10

D2.21 Deep float experiment design 2 IEO 10

D2.31 Biogeochemical float experiment design 2 IMR 10

D2.41 Improved satellite communication experiment design 2 OGS 10

D2.51 Arctic float experiment design 2 IOPAS 10

D5.11 Real-time and delayed mode methods for oxygen 5 IFREMER 12

D5.12 Real-time and delayed mode methods for biogeochemical parameters 5 ACRI-ST 12

D8.13 Initial plan (use and dissemination of foreground) 8 IFREMER 12

All these deliverables were submitted to REA

Deliverables – Years 2 & 3

D5.13 Upgrades of the Euro-Argo data centers 5 IFREMER 18

D3.13 Global ocean analysis and forecasting: OSE/OSSEs results and recommendations 3 Mercator Ocean 21

D3.23 Weather, seasonal and decadal forecasting: OSE/OSSEs results and recommendations 3 UKMO 21

D3.33 Mediterranean and Black Sea: OSE/OSSEs results and recommendations 3 INGV 21

D4.13 Altimetry: impact study results and recommendations 4 CLS 21

D4.23 SST: results and recommendations 4 UKMO 21

D4.33 Ocean Colour: impact study results and recommendations 4 ACRI-ST 21

D4.43 Sea Surface Salinity: impact study results and recommendations 4 CSIC 21

D3.41 Final synthesis report 3 Mercator Ocean 24

D4.51 Final synthesis report 4 CSIC 24

D8.12 Float stories in WWW site 8 IFREMER 24

D2.12 Oxygen sensor and float experiment final evaluation 2 GEOMAR 30

D2.22 Deep float experiment final evaluation 2 IEO 30

D2.32 Biogeochemical float experiment final evaluation 2 IMR 30

D2.42 Improved satellite communication final evaluation 2 OGS 30

D2.52 Arctic float final evaluation 2 IOPAS 30

D2.61 Synthesis 2 IFREMER 33

D6.11 Report of new float data real time processing by Euro-Argo data centers 6 IFREMER 33

D6.21 Use and impact of new floats for GMES Marine Service 6 Mercator Ocean 33

D6.31 Use and impact of new floats for satellite Cal/Val 6 CLS 33

D6.41 Final synthesis report 6 OGS 36

D8.14 Final plan (use and dissemination of foreground) 8 IFREMER 36

D8.15 Information material (press releases, brochures,…) 8 IFREMER 36

All 2015 deliverables were officially submitted to REA except the 36 month ones

Will be available on E-AIMS (Euro-Argo) WWW site (www.euro-argo.eu)

E-AIMS

a few project results

1-year OSEs with the Mercator Ocean global ocean ¼° analysis and forecasting system (Turpin, Remy and Le Traon, Ocean Science, in press 2015)

Impact of the assimilation of Argo floats and their density

Impact of Argo for Copernicus Marine Service

Absolute (left) and normalized (right) RMS of temperature innovations for Run-Ref(blue),

Run-Argo/2(yellow), Run-NoArgo (green) and Free Run (red)

RMS of 0-300 m temperature differences between Run-Ref and Run-NoArgo

Higher impact is found:

- in the surface layers in the tropical band and energetic ocean regions (WBC,…),

- at depth in outflow or deep convection regions.

Keeping only half of the Argo floats degrades significantly the analysis.

Operational Run

Argo/2

without Argo

no data

assimilation

Mercator Ocean : observation - model forecast misfits for all in situ T,S data in

2012 (Turpin et al., 2015) (E-AIMS WP3)

Impact of Argo for Copernicus Marine Service

Mean deep ocean temperature misfits in °C between the “truth” and different OSEs for different depth ranges.

Deep float profiles will allow reduction of deep biases.

Run with Argo up to 2000 m

Run with 1/9 Argo up to 4000 m

Mea

n te

mp.

dif

f.

40

00

m-6

00

0 m

Mea

n te

mp.

dif

f.

20

00

m-4

00

0 m

1 year OSSEs: impact of simulated deep Argo floats

Temperature error estimation at depth

Run with all Argo up to 4000 m

Potential impact of Deep Argo

for the Copernicus Marine Service

Contribution of Argo for satellite validation

Without QC

With RT QC

About 850 matchups

Comparison between

Globcolour (MODIS)

data and Argo Chl-a

estimates. Impact of

the RT QC filters

Essential data sets for

the validation of

Sentinel-3

Oxygen distribution in the top 100 dbar for floats F0271 and F0272 based on the unpumped

4330 (middle panel) and pumped SBE63 optode (right panel).

E-AIMS Oxygen floats (Geomar, Ifremer)

Aanderaa (model 4330) and Seabird (SBE63) optode sensors were mounted on three Navis

floats (Seabird) and two Arvor floats (NKE). Oxygen measurements were made in air with

the Anderra optode. This was used for calibration of the sensor.

These experiments demonstrated that by making reference measurements at deployment

and by taking into account a few minor improvements, floats equipped with the 4330 optode

can lead to a fully operational solution for Argo. This could also be the case in the future, if

in-air measurement and pre-aging of the foils can be performed with the SBE63 optode.

A major result of the work carried out as part of E-AIMS.

Comparison of E-AIMS prototyyes with Copernicus

Marine Service Monitoring and Forecasting Centers

E-AIMS Arctic float with ice

detection deployed west of

Svalbard vs Mercator Ocean

analyses. E-AIMS Arctic float float positions

(figure from the Coriolis website)

Time series of the temperature profiles of the float number. Left: observations,

middle : model analysis, right: difference between the model and the observations.

E-AIMS Bio-Argo

float versus

Mercator Ocean

biogeochemical

models

Comparison of E-AIMS prototyyes with Copernicus

Marine Service Monitoring and Forecasting Centers

E-AIMS project achievements

E-AIMS organized an end-to-end evaluation of several new Argo floats.

European Argo data centers were, in parallel, adapted so that they can

handle them (data processing, quality control, data distribution).

Observing System Evaluations and Simulation Experiments were conducted

to provide recommendations for the next phase of Argo and quantify the

impact for the Copernicus Marine Service.

A real time demonstration of the utility of these new floats for the Copernicus

Marine Service was finally successfully carried out.

E-AIMS thus demonstrated the capability of the Euro-Argo infrastructure to

conduct R&D driven by Copernicus needs and demonstrated that

procurement, deployment and processing of these new floats for Copernicus

can be organized at European level. Impact on the Copernicus Marine

Service was clearly evidenced.

From E-AIMS to Atlantos

Main recommendations from E-AIMS project : maintain at least the present

density of global Argo, maintain Euro-Argo efforts for Mediterranean Sea,

Black Sea and Nordic/Arctic Seas and start implementing Deep Argo and

Bio-Argo. Strengthen data system (real time and delayed mode) (e.g.

timeliness for delayed mode QC).

High potential impact for the Copernicus Marine Service. Essential as well

as for the Climate Service (deep Argo).

From E-AIMS to Atlantos: Need to revisit the deep Argo OSSEs, test

scenarii of Argo sampling improvements (WBC, Tropics, Arctic) with

OSSEs (incl. integration with satellite observations) and mainly start

OSSEs for biogeochemistry to provide guidance for future Bio-Argo

(O2, Chl-a) programs.

Time series of the temperature profiles of the float number. Left: observations,

middle : model analysis, right: difference between the model and the observations.

NAOS Deep float deployed in the Bay of Biscay

vs Mercator Ocean analyses.

Euro-Argo is an essential component

of the Copernicus Marine Service

Argo is the single most important in-situ

observing system for the Copernicus

Marine Service.

It delivers global data sets in a few hours

that are critical/mandatory data for

assimilation in ocean forecasting models.

Every 10 days, all Argo T & S profiles are

assimilated in the MyOcean monitoring

and forecasting centers. Strong impact.

Float technology is evolving to include

new capabilities (e.g. biogeochemistry)

that are essential to the Copernicus

Marine Service.Argo has contributed to decrease by 70% the salinity

7-day error forecast in the top 100m of the ocean

(Mercator Ocean/MyOcean global model).

One Month of Oxygen : 174 Argo Floats , 7 gliders, 6 moorings

Copernicus Marine Service – In Situ TAC –

Biogeochemical data/O2 available over one month

One month of Chlorophyll-a data : 73 Argo floats, 4 moorings

(a few Ferryboxes – surface - not shown on the map)

Copernicus Marine Service – In Situ TAC –

Biogeochemical data/Chl-a available over one month

New missions : Bio-Argo

Bio-Argo Science : global, climate change

▫ Ocean acidification

▫ Ocean deoxygenation

▫ Carbon sequestration and oceanic carbon biological pump

Bio-Argo integration: a component of future observing and forecasting systems

▫ Link with ocean colour remote sensing

▫ Link with biogeochemical & ecosystem models

Implementation : first target regional hotspots

▫ Oxygen Minimum zones

▫ North Atlantic sub-polar gyre

▫ Mediterranean Sea Bio-Argo profiling float: Vertical dimension

Satellite: Global scale

FP7 ERC remOcean (2010-2016) Bio-Argo pilot experiment in the North

Atlantic (PI: H. Claustre)

New Missions : Deep Argo

Requirements• closure of the sea level, ocean mass, and heat / energy budgets on regional and global scales• provide new information on ocean circulation and water mass formation and properties• mitigate the lack of observations below 2000 m for ocean data assimilation modeling

Design issues : technological developments are progressing well, pilot experiments are on going

or planned, design/implementation of a Deep Argo array is under discussion (global vs regional sampling, time/space sampling, number of floats, 4000/6000m, etc)

Bottom Water warming from 1990’s to 2000’sPurkey and Johnson (2010)

About of 50% of ocean volume only is observed today with Argo floats (2000 m). It is estimated

they miss 0.1 W m-2 of ocean heat gain (about 20% of the total). Deep Argo highly needed !