dvaravati and sri vijaya

7/22/2019 Dvaravati and Sri Vijaya

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Indianized Kingdoms



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Brahmans introduced Indian court customs and

rituals and ensured their proper observance.

They emphasized the divine nature of monarchy

through a variety of rituals, thus enhancing the

power and prestige of monarchs in the eyes of theirsubjects.



Brahmans promoted state organization on anIndian model and introduced law codes based on

the Laws of Manu and other Indian Dharma- and

Nitishastras

Brahmins helped to introduce Indian-based

alphabets for local scripts, the Ramayana,

Mahabharata, and a variety of works on

mathematics, astrology, medicine, and the arts8



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A wise man, soothsayer, Brahmin, rishi

(translations vary) named Asita or

Kaladevin (depending on the text) make

the prediction that the infant Siddhatthawould become either a world-ruling

monarch (cakkavattin) or a Buddha.

Buddha – lokkuttara – transworldly – teacher of

gods and men

Cakkavattin – lokiya – rules over the “four quarters”

(of the mandala of the world)



IG' "#((3)K Nandiyamiga Jataka (385) duties of a monarch

almsgiving (daana)

morality (siila)

liberality (pariccaaga) uprightness (ajjava)

gentleness (maddava)

austerity (tapo)

non-anger (akkodha)

non-hurtfulness (avihim.saa)

forbearance (khanti)

10) meekness (avirodhana)



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Asoka (c. 304-232 BCE; reigned268-232 BCE)

Classical model of a Dhammaraja;his legend is significant for SoutheastAsian and Sri Lankan polities, though

he was virtually forgotten in India untilthe 19th century.



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J2$1$2$%, First mentioned in a T’ang dynasty

chronicle

More likely a collection of kingdoms

rather than a single kingdom (see centerson map)

Flourished between 6th and 11th centuries

Spoke a language related to Khmer calledMon

Predominantly Buddhist though Hindu

deities worshipped as well



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The Dharmacakra, Wheel ofDharma, is the most

widespread symbol of theDvaravati kingdom(s). Initially

referring to the first teaching of

the Buddha, it came tosymbolize as well thesovereignty of a Buddhistmonarch, the Dharmaraja, and

the reciprocity of the twowheels of Dharma, the worldly

under the rule of a king and the

supra-worldly under the rule ofa Buddha.



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Wat Kukut, Lamphun Phra Pathom Chedi



J2$1$2$%, )($%(& F6&&#$)National Museum, Bangkok Wat Na Phra Men, Ayutthaya



M1$;#,+561, N$1,$%,'+) '7 F'&#4$A$ Under the Bodhi tree Under Mucalinda’s protection



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3(4(+&)> ,+&,4(+'6) $+& *+&,$+Bhanaspati Buddha Twin miracle at Sravasti



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U,P,+4V)I1$2(3)Much of our current knowledge of Sri Vijayacomes from the account of Yijing’s travelsto India and back in the 7th c.

An artist's impression of Yi Jing!" (635∼713), Tang dynasty Buddhist monk.



S#$,A$ =2$3'D,%()2$1$In the 8th c. CE, the kingdomextended northward to the Kra

Isthmus just north of present-dayChaiya. An inscription (775 CE

records the marriage between the

royal house of Chaiya and theroyal house of Sailendra in Java.

Both areas abound in MahayanaBuddhist sculpture. This upper

torso of Avalokitesvara was foundin Chaiya by Prince Damrong in

1905.



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Avalokitesvara is the

Bodhisattva ofCompassion, and forms

exist wherever Mahayana

Buddhism has spread. InChina, the male image

transformed into thefemale form Guanyin and

returned to modernThailand in that guise.



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Grahi is the ancient name for thepresent site of Chaiya. This

statue, dating from 1291,

combines strong Khmer features

with Sri Vijayan characteristics,especially in the modeling of theface and body. The blending of

features, like in the previousimages of Avalokitesvara,

indicates the continuousmeeting and inter- action of

various cultures and kingdoms

in the region’s history.



"$% F'1'.$%#$%> S#$,A$This stupa, frequently

restored, dates from the 7th c. CE. The term Boromathat

is a Thai pronunciation of

the Sanskrit parama

( highest ) and dhatu

( element ), in this contextreferring to a relic of the

Buddha. Such stupas wereerected in cities of political

importance.

dvaravati and sri vijaya

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