dulieu&baocaotrongexcel2013

Sort- AutoFilter - Advanced Filter - PivotTable - PowerPivot - Power View

D L I U & B O C OT R O N G E XC E L 2 0 1 3

Trn Thanh Phong& Phm Thnh M

Ti liu cn thit cho ngi s dng bng tnh

07-2015

D liu & bo co trong Excel 2013 Gii Php Excel

D LIU & BO CO

TRONG MICROSOFT EXCEL 2013

Sch ny c Gii Php Excel gi bn quyn, chng ti

tng thnh vin v khuyn khch vic truyn t gii thiu

n ngi s dng qua cc hnh thc sao chp nguyn bn.

Chng ti nghim cm tt c cc hnh vi s dng vic pht

tn sch trc li, hoc chnh sa ni dung sch.

Gii Php Excel Cc Nh Ti Tr

Ban qun tr Gii Php Excel

xin cm n cc nh ti tr cho din n

trong vic pht hnh quyn sch ny n ng o bn c.

Cc Nh Ti Tr Gii Php Excel

NH TI TR VNG

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Gii Php Excel Cc Nh Ti Tr

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Mc lc Gii Php Excel | i

MC LC

MC LC ..................................................................................... i

LI GII THIU ..........................................................................xx

I.1. TNG QUAN .......................................................................1

I.2. VNG (RANGE) V BNG (TABLE) TRONG EXCEL............3

I.2.1. Chuyn vng (Range) thng bng (Table) ............... 5

I.2.2. Chuyn bng (Table) thnh vng (Range) ............... 7

I.2.3. Thc hin mt thao tc trn bng (Table) ................ 8

I.3. SP XP D LIU ............................................................10

I.4. LC D LIU C BN .....................................................15

I.4.1. Lc d liu dng vn bn (Text) ............................ 15

I.4.2. Lc d liu dng s (Number) ................................ 20

I.4.3. Lc d liu dng ngy v thi gian

(Dates & Times) ............................................................... 23

I.4.4. Mt s vn khc khi lc d liu ......................... 24

I.5. LC D LIU THEO IU KIN NNG CAO .....................26

I.5.1. Nhiu iu kin nhiu ct d liu v ly tt c cc

dng d liu tha iu kin lc mt trong cc ct ........ 26

ii | Gii Php Excel Mc lc

I.5.2. Nhiu iu kin trong mt ct ................................ 28

I.5.3. Nhiu iu kin nhiu ct ly cc dng

tho mi b iu kin ....................................................... 29

I.5.4. Nhiu iu kin nhiu ct v c s dng

k hiu thay th * ? .......................................................... 30

I.5.5. Nhiu iu kin nhiu ct v c s dng

hm trong iu kin ......................................................... 31

II.1. GII THIU PIVOTTABLE ................................................35

II.2. PIVOTTABLE C BN .....................................................37

II.2.1. Khi nim .............................................................. 37

II.2.2. Cc bc thc hin ................................................ 39

II.2.3. Cc thu thut trong PivotTable.............................. 47

II.3. PIVOTTABLE NNG CAO ................................................62

II.3.1. Yu cu c bn khi thc hin PivotTable ............. 62

II.3.2. Cc phng php thng k i vi trng d liu 64

II.4. NG DNG PIVOTTABLE TRONG BO CO ...................98

II.4.1. Phn tch ................................................................ 98

II.4.2. Tng hp v phn tch tng cng on sn xut . 101

III.1. GII THIU ..................................................................109

III.2. CI T V ADD-INS POWERPIVOT ............................111

III.3. TABLES V POWERPIVOT ............................................115

III.3.1. Chuyn Range thnh Tables .............................. 118

III.3.2. a Tables vo Data Model cua PowerPivot .... 121

Mc lc Gii Php Excel | iii

III.3.3. To mi quan h gia cc bng

trong PowerPivot ........................................................... 122

III.3.4. To PivotTable t d liu cua PowerPivot ........ 127

III.3.5. Ci tin PowerPivot s dng

Caculated Columns ........................................................ 131

III.4. S DNG HM DAX TO CC CT TNH TON .........135

III.4.1. To thm Calculated Fields cho PivotTable

dng ngun d liu t PowerPivot ................................ 140

III.4.2. Hiu chnh cc Calculated Field ........................ 145

III.5. NHP D LIU T BN NGOI EXCEL

VO POWERPIVOT ...............................................................146

III.5.1. Nhp d liu t MS SQL Server ........................ 146

III.5.2. Nhp d liu t MS Access ............................... 151

III.5.3. Nhp d liu t Ms Excel bn ngoi.................. 158

III.5.4. Nhp d liu t tp tin TEXT ............................ 161

III.5.5. Nhp d liu t b nh ...................................... 165

III.5.6. Nhp d liu t cc ngun khc......................... 166

III.6. LM MI D LIU V QUN L

KT NI D LIU BN NGOI .............................................167

III.6.1. Cp nht d liu thu cng .................................. 167

III.6.2. Thit lp t ng lm mi d liu ..................... 168

III.6.3. Hiu chnh kt ni d liu .................................. 171

IV.1. ADD-INS POWER VIEW ...............................................175

IV.2. TO MT POWERVIEW N GIN .............................176

iv | Gii Php Excel Mc lc

IV.3. POWER VIEW VI KIU HIN TH A CP .................185

IV.4. MAP TRONG POWER VIEW ..........................................193

IV.5. LC D LIU TRN DASHBOARD ...............................198

V.1. POWER MAP PREVIEW FOR EXCEL 2013 ......................201

V.2. MICROSOFT POWER QUERY FOR EXCEL ......................203

V.3. C S D LIU NORTHWIND ......................................204

V.3.1. a CSDL Northwind vo MS SQL Server ....... 204

V.3.2. Ci t SQL Server ............................................. 204

V.3.3. a CSDL NorthWind vo MS SQL Server ...... 205

V.3.4. Cu trc cc bng d liu cua NorthWind .......... 210

V.4. THAM KHO TRC TUYN V BIU THC

PHN TCH D LIU (DAX) .................................................214

V.4.1. Hm Ngy v Gi ............................................... 214

V.4.2. Hm Hin th Thi gian Thng minh .................. 215

V.4.3. Hm Lc d liu ................................................. 217

V.4.4. Hm Thng k ..................................................... 218

V.4.5. Hm L-gic ......................................................... 218

V.4.6. Hm Ton v Lng gic ................................... 219

V.4.7. Hm Thng tin .................................................... 220

V.4.8. Hm Vn bn ...................................................... 220

V.4.9. Cc hm khc ...................................................... 222

Li Gii Thiu Gii Php Excel | v

LI GII THIU

c gi thn mn.

Nu c ai hi ti v cng c mnh nht trong Excel, ti s khng ngn ngi tr li ngay lp tc l Pivot Table. Pivot Table gip gii quyt rt nhiu vn v tng hp d liu, thng k v phn tch ch trong vng vi ci click chut n gin. Chnh v l , din n Gii Php Excel lun khng ngng truyn t kin thc excel v Pivot Table cho ngi dng c online v offline. Vy th mt ti liu v Pivot l mt ti liu khng th thiu trong qu trnh truyn ti kin thc ny.

Nm 2010 chng ti pht hnh ti liu online v chu ny trong phin bn Excel 2003 (phin bn vn vn cn ang ph bin, trong khi excel 2007 v excel 2010 cn cha c nhiu ngi s dng). Nay, chng ti tip tc bin tp ti liu ny cho ngi dng Excel 2013.

Nhng nm qua, Microsoft ci tin v nng cp lin tc ng dng Office quan trng cua mnh cho c my tnh bn v trc tuyn trn nn web. Mt trong nhng tnh nng ni bt l PowerPivot, m ra kh nng cho Office h tr Doanh nghip thng minh Business Intelligence v cng c PowerView mnh m gip chng ta to nn cc bo co hay cc trang thng tin doanh nghip tng hp mt cch trc quan, hu ch v cc k sinh ng.

vi | Gii Php Excel Mc lc

Ti liu ny l kt qu cua qu trnh chn lc, c kt kin thc m cc thnh vin bin tp khng ngng n lc thc hin. Mc d khng th truyn t y u nht v Pivot Table v Power Pivot, Power View, nhng chng ti tin rng n ph hp vi a s ngi dng vit nam.

Phm Thnh M (phn II), Trn Thanh Phong (phn I, III, IV, V), ng tc gi cua ti liu ny, l nhng thnh vin ban qun tr din n Gii Php Excel, l nhng ngi c yu mn v c cng ln trong vic truyn t kin thc ti cng ng. Ti liu ny s tip tc minh chng cho iu .

Cui cng, d chng ti rt c gng trong qu trnh tng hp ti liu ny, nhng cng kh trnh khi nhng thiu st. Chng ti rt mong bn c ng gp kin ti liu ngy cng hon thin hn cc phin bn sau.

Mi kin ng gp xin gi v a ch: [email protected]

Chn thnh cm n,

TP. HCM, ngy 02 thng 07 nm 2015

Nguyn Bnh i din BQT Gii Php Excel

Lin h hp tc:

Website: www.giaiphapexcel.com

E-mail: [email protected]

in thoi: 848-6679 2225

TD: 0909.191.958 gp Bnh

Gii Php Excel | vii

Lm vic vi d liu Gii Php Excel | 1

LM VIC VI D LIU

I.1. TNG QUAN

Qun tr d liu bao gm tt c cc phng php v quy tc lin

quan ti vic qun l d liu nh mt ngun ti nguyn c gi

tr.

C s d liu (vit tt CSDL - database) c hiu theo cch

nh ngha kiu k thut th n l mt tp hp thng tin c cu

trc. Tuy nhin, thut ng ny thng dng trong cng ngh

thng tin v n thng c hiu r hn di dng mt tp hp

lin kt cc d liu, thng u ln lu trn mt thit b lu tr

nh a hay bng. D liu ny c duy tr di dng mt tp

hp cc tp tin trong h iu hnh hay c lu tr trong cc h

qun tr c s d liu.

Mt s u im m CSDL mang li:

- Gim s trng lp thng tin xung mc thp nht. Do m

bo thng tin c tnh nht qun v ton vn d liu.

- m bo d liu c th c truy xut theo nhiu cch khc

nhau.

- Nhiu ngi c th s dng chung mt c s d liu.

2 | Gii Php Excel Lm vic vi d liu

C s d liu c phn chia ra nhiu loi khc nhau ty theo

m hnh d liu m n h tr.

- C s d liu dng file: d liu c lu tr di dng cc

file c th l text, ascii, *.xls,

- C s d liu quan h: d liu c lu tr trong cc bng d

liu gi l cc thc th, gia cc thc th ny c mi lin h

vi nhau gi l cc quan h, mi quan h c cc thuc tnh,

trong c mt thuc tnh l kha chnh. Cc h qun tr h

tr c s d liu quan h nh: MS Access, Foxpro, MySQL,

PostgreSQL, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, Sybase v IBM

DB2,

- C s d liu hng i tng: d liu cng c lu tr

trong cc bng d liu nhng cc bng c b sung thm cc

tnh nng hng i tng nh lu tr thm cc hnh vi, nhm

th hin hnh vi cua i tng. Mi bng xem nh mt lp d

liu, mt dng d liu trong bng l mt i tng. Cc h

qun tr c h tr c s d liu hng i tng nh: MS SQL

server, Oracle, PostgreSQL,

- C s d liu bn cu trc: d liu c lu di dng XML,

vi nh dng ny thng tin m t v i tng th hin trong

cc tag. y l c s d liu c nhiu u im do lu tr c

hu ht cc loi d liu khc nhau nn c s d liu bn cu

trc l hng mi trong nghin cu v ng dng.

H qun tr c s d liu

Mt h qun tr c s d liu (Database Management System -

DBMS) l mt chng trnh my tnh c thit k qun l

mt c s d liu, mt tp hp d liu ln c cu trc, phc v

cho cc yu cu v d liu cua mt s lng ln ngi s dng.

V d in hnh cua h qun tr c s d liu bao gm k ton,


ngun nhn lc v h thng h tr khch hng. u tin, h qun

tr c s d liu ch c cc cng ty ln vi y u phn cng

cn thit h tr cho mt tp hp d liu ln. Gn y DBMS

tr thnh mt phn tiu chun cua bt k cng ty no.

Bn tnh nng c bn cua mt DBMS:

- nh ngha d liu: to, hiu chnh, xa cc nh ngha v cu

trc t chc d liu

- Cp nht: thm, hin chnh v xa d liu

- Truy xut d liu: cung cp kh nng truy xut cc thng tin

cho cc ng dng khc

- Qun tr: qun l v phn quyn ngi dng, bo mt d liu,

kim sot hiu sut, duy tr tnh nguyn vn cua d liu, kim

sot cc tranh chp d liu, phc hi thng tin khi c s c.

Excel thuc loi c s d liu dng file. Cc d liu trong Excel

c t chc thnh cc vng (Range) dng bng hay l cc bng

(Tables) trn bng tnh m Excel s khng th qun l c cc

mi quan gia cc bng vi nhau. Cng c PowerPivot mi c

thm vo Excel s gip n thc hin c iu ny v bin Excel

tr thnh gn ging nh l mt c s d liu n gin v t

gip cho vic tnh ton v thao tc vi d liu c nhanh v

mnh hn,

I.2. VNG (RANGE) V BNG (TABLE) TRONG EXCEL

Thng thng, chng ta hay lu d liu trong mt vng bng tnh

Excel, tuy nhin tn dng cc tnh nng tnh ton v qun l

d liu th chng ta c th chuyn vng thnh bng.

V mt hnh thc trnh by trong bng tnh, chng ta khng thy

nhiu khc bit gia vng v bng d liu:


Vng Bng

Khi trnh by cc vng hay bng d liu trong Excel, phi c t

nht mt dng v ct trng ngn cch gia cc vng hay bng d

liu. Khi , Excel mi c c s nhn bit cc vng hay bng d

liu c lp vi nhau. Hnh bn di cho Excel bit c 4 bng d

liu c lp vi nhau:


Mt vng hay bng d liu tt phi c dng u tin l tiu

ct (khng trng tn, khng ni cc ) v bn di l cc dng

d liu.

cc bng d liu c mi quan h vi nhau th ngoi tiu ct th mi dng d liu cn cn c kha (key) nhn bit (khng trnh by trong ti liu ny).

I.2.1. Chuyn vng (Range) thnh bng (Table)

Cc bc thc hin:

B1. Chn vng cn chuyn sang bng

B2. Vo Insert chn Table

Tiu ct


B3. t tn li cho bng d tham chiu sau ny. Table Tools Design Table Name t tn cho bng.


I.2.2. Chuyn bng (Table) thnh vng (Range)

Cc bc thc hin:

B1. Chn bng cn chuyn sang vng


B2. Vo Table Tools Design chn Covert to Range xc nhn chuyn sang vng.

I.2.3. Thc hin mt s thao tc trn bng (Table)

Xem d liu dng Slicer

B1. Chn bng cn thit lp Slicer

B2. Vo Table Tools Design Insert Slicer


B3. Chn ct cn Slicer. V d ta chn l Mn. Bn di l xem danh sch cc hc sinh thuc mn Ha.

Thm dng tnh ton bn di bng

B1. Chn bng cn thm dng tnh ton

B2. Vo Table Tools Design chn Total Row

Cui bng s xut hin mt dng tnh ton

Chn php tnh ph hp vi tp s liu. V d ta chn

php tnh trung bnh cho ct im. Cng thc Table t

gn vo l: =SUBTOTAL(101,[im])


Thc hin mt s php tnh thng k cho bng im

m s hc sinh: =COUNT(HocSinh[[#All],[im]])

im cao nht: =MAX(HocSinh[[#All],[im]])

im thp nht: =MIN(HocSinh[[#All],[im]])

im trung bnh: =AVERAGE(HocSinh[[#All],[im]])

lch chun: =STDEV(HocSinh[[#All],[im]])

I.3. SP XP D LIU

Chng ta thng nhp liu vo cui danh sch, do vy d liu

thng khng theo mt trnh t no. Chng ta cn sp xp li d

liu nhm thun li trong vic qun l d liu. Excel h tr sp

xp d liu theo th t tng dn (A Z) hoc theo th t gim dn (Z A) theo mt hoc nhiu trng cn sp xp.

V d chng ta sp xp bng im trn theo 3 tiu ch sau:


u tin 1: Sp theo ct Lp t nh n ln AZ

u tin 2: Sp theo ct Mn t nh n ln AZ

u tin 3: Sp theo ct im t ln n nh ZA

Cc bc thc hin:

B1. Chn bng cn sp xp

B2. Vo Data chn Sort

B3. Nhn Add Level v thit lp ln lt 3 iu kin sp xp nh

hnh sau:

B4. Nhn OK v xem kt qu.

Lu :

Trong hp Sort lit k cc iu kin sp xp, iu kin

nm trn c u tin thc hin trc.

My data has headers c chn c ngha l dng u tin

trong bng d liu c dng lm tiu ct.

Nu d liu b tr tiu dng th khi sp xp ta chn

Options v chn thnh Sort left to right sp xp theo

tiu dng. Chn thm Case sensitive khi mun sp xp

c phn bit ch HOA hay thng.


Nu ct m ta sp xp c cha gi tr s (number) lu

trong di dng gi tr s (number) v s lu di dng

Text, bn cn nh dng tt c theo Text khi sp xp. Nu

khng s s c sp ln trn Text. nh dng s sang

Text vo: Home chn kiu Text trong hp Format Number.

i khi ta chp d liu t ngun khc vo Excel v c

khong trng u cc chui, chng ta nh xa khong

trng ny trc khi sp xp th kt qu mi chnh xc.

i vi d liu s nhp t ngun khc vo bng tnh c

th Excel li hiu l Text, do vy chng ta cn chuyn


sang s trc khi sp xp. Chn vng s liu nhp vo du chm thang mu vng chn Convert to Number.

Khi d liu c t mu font ch (font color), mu nn (cell

color), nh dng mu theo iu kin (conditional

formatting), nh dng cell icon, th bn c th sp xp

theo cc nh dng ny ti Sort On trong hp Sort.

Ngoi ra, Sort cn cho php ta sp xp d liu da trn

trnh t cua danh sch t to (Custom List).


I.4. LC D LIU C BN

Lc d liu l mt trong cc tnh nng rt hu ch cua bng tnh,

c bit cho nhng ngi lm vic vi cc d liu nghin cu

cn lc ra nhng d liu cn thit cho vic nghin cu. Trong

phn ny s trnh by 2 phn l AutoFilter v Advanced Filter

i vi tp s liu mu v thng tin cc m chng khon trn

TTCK Vit Nam.

C 3 loi lc d liu l: lc theo gi tr theo nh dng v theo

iu kin.

I.4.1. Lc d liu dng vn bn (Text)

Lc cc m CK thuc HOSE v c k t u tin l A hoc k

t cui cng l N. Cc bc thc hin:

B1. Chn vng d liu cn lc

B2. Vo Data Filter bt chc nng lc


B3. lc ra cc M CK thuc sn giao dch HOSE. Nhp vo

nt ct SanCK chn HOSE sau nhn OK.


B4. Tip theo chng ta lc ra cc M CK bt u bng k t A

hoc k t cui l N trong ct MaCK. Nhn vo nt ct

MaCK chn Text Filters chn Begins With nhp vo k t A.

Chn Or chn Ends with nhp vo k t N


B5. Nhn OK hon tt.

Cc iu kin lc d liu dng Text

iu kin ngha

Equals So snh bng

Does Not Equal So snh khng bng (hay khc)

Begins With Cc k t bt u l

Ends With Cc k t cui l

Contains Chui c cha

Does Not Contain Chui khng cha

Custom Filter Kt hp iu kin lc


Dng k t thay th

K hiu Gii thch v v d

* i din cho mt hay nhiu k t trc hay sau k t km theo

V d: *east th cc t Northeast, Southeast, s tha iu kin

? i din cho mt k t ti v tr t n

V d: sm?th th cc t smith, smyth, s tha iu kin

~ Nu sau n l cc k t ? * hoc ~ m ta cn lc.

V d: VietNam~? th t VietNam? s tha iu kin

G~*E th t G*E s tha iu kin

Cc ton t so snh

K hiu ngha

= Bng

Khc hay khng bng

> Ln hn

< Nh hn

>= Ln hn hoc bng


Xa mt kt qu lc d liu

huy b mt kt qu lc d liu, vo Data chn Clear

I.4.2. Lc d liu dng s (Number)

Lc cc M CK c gi hin ti t 10 n 30 (n v l 1000 ng)

ti ct GiaHienTai.


B2. Vo Data Filter bt chc nng lc d liu.

B3. Nhp vo nt ti ct GiaHienTai ri chn Number Filters chn lnh Between


B4. Nhp vo iu kin lc nh hnh bn di.

B5. Nhn OK hon tt.


Cc iu kin lc d liu dng Number

iu kin ngha

Equals So snh bng

Does Not Equal So snh khng bng (hay khc)

Greater Than So snh ln hn

Greater Than Or

Equal To

So snh ln hn hoc bng

Less Than So snh nh hn

Less Than Or

Equal To

So snh nh hn hoc bng

Between Ly on gia

Top 10 Ly mt nhm (ln nht hay nh nht) cc dng d liu theo s dng tuyt i hoc phn trm s dng (tng i).

Above Average Ly cc gi tr ln hn trung bnh ct

Below Average Ly cc gi tr nh hn trung bnh ct

Custom Filter Kt hp nhiu iu kin lc

V d lc ra 15 m CK c gi hin hnh cao nht th ta

khai bo bc 3 l Top 10 nhp vo s 15 OK.


V d lc ra 5 M CK c gi hin hnh thp nht th ta

khai bo bc 3 l Top 10 chn kiu Bottom nhp s 5 OK.

I.4.3. Lc d liu dng ngy v thi gian (Dates & Times)

Lc cc dng d liu v c phiu VNM trong khong thi gian

t 1/7/2014 n 30/3/2015 ti ct Ngy.


B2. Vo Data Filter bt tnh nng lc d liu.

B3. Nhp vo nt ti ct Ngy ri chn Date Filters chn lnh Between nhp vo ngy cn lc nh hnh di:

B4. Nhn OK hon tt.


I.4.4. Mt s vn khc khi lc d liu

Lc ra cc dng thiu d liu (Blanks)

Chn vng d liu cn lc nhp vo nt ti ct cn lc b chn (Select All) tm n cui v chn (Blanks).

Lc theo ang chn

Nhp phi chut vo mt cn ra iu kin lc trong vng d

liu chn Filter chn kiu lc:


Filter by Selected Cells Value: Lc theo ni dung cha

trong hin hnh nhng trong ct c gi tr ging hin hnh s tha iu kin.

Filter by Selected Cells Color: Lc theo mu nn cua

hin hnh.

Filter by Selected Cells Font Color: Lc theo mu ch

cha trong hin hnh.

Filter by Selected Cells Icon: Lc theo k hiu trong

hin hnh (Khi cc c p dng nh dng theo iu kin

thm cc k hiu).


I.5. LC D LIU THEO IU KIN NNG CAO

Trong thc t, c rt nhiu trng hp chng ta khng th lc

c d liu mong mun vi cng c AutoFilter trnh by phn

trn. Khi , chng ta s s dng Advanced Filter thc hin

cc yu cu lc phc tp hn.

I.5.1. Nhiu iu kin nhiu ct d liu v ly tt c cc dng d liu tha iu kin lc mt trong cc ct

V d: Lc cc m CK l VNM, VIC hoc c gi hin ti ln hn

hay bng 80.

B1. thc hin lc nng cao, trc tin ta phi xy dng vng

thit lp iu kin trong vng A1:B4. Cc iu kin lc c b

tr cc dng khc nhau biu thc iu kin lun l khi c dng sau: (MaCK= VNM Or MaCK= VIC Or GiaHienTai>=80)

nhng dng trong tp d liu lm biu thc trn thnh True s c ly.

B2. Chn vng d liu vo Data Advanced khai bo nh hnh sau:

Tn cc ct trong vng iu kin

phi Trng tn hon ton vi tn

cc ct trong vng d liu.


Filter the list, in-place: Kt qu lc hin th cc dng tho

iu kin ti ni lu d liu ngun.

Copy to another location: Nu chn tu chn ny th phi

khai bo ni xut kt qu lc ti hp Copy to bn di.

List range: Khai bo vng d liu cn lc

Criteria range: Khai bo ni thit lp iu kin lc.

Unique record only: Nu chn th kt qu ch hin th 1

ln cho cc dng ging nhau.

B3. Nhn OK hon tt.


I.5.2. Nhiu iu kin trong mt ct

V d: Lc cc M CK c ct Gi hin ti ln hn hoc bng 100

hoc nm trong on [60,70].

B1. Thit lp vng iu kin nh hnh sau:

Vit ra biu thc iu kin lun l: ((GiaHienTai>=60 And GiaHienTai=100))


B3. Nhn OK hon tt.


I.5.3. Nhiu iu kin nhiu ct ly cc dng tho mi b iu kin

V d: Lc cc M CK sao cho i vi Sn CK l HOSE th ly

cc dng c Gi hin hnh >=80, i vi Sn CK l HASTC th

ly cc dng c Gi hin hnh >100.

Vit ra biu thc iu kin lun l: ((SanCK= HOSE And GiaHienTai>=80) Or (SanCK= HASTC

And GiaHienTai>100))


B3. Nhn OK hon tt.


I.5.4. Nhiu iu kin nhiu ct v c s dng k hiu thay th * ?

V d: Lc cc dng sao cho M CK c k t u l A v c

gi tr ct Gi hin ti >20 hoc M CK c k t gia bt k

dng S?S.

B1. Thit lp vng iu kin nh hnh sau:

Vit ra biu thc iu kin lun l: ((MaCK= A* And GiaHienTai>=20) Or (MaCK = S?S))

B2. Chn vng d liu vo Data Advanced khai bo cc thng s nhn OK hon thnh.


I.5.5. Nhiu iu kin nhiu ct v c s dng hm trong iu kin

V d: Lc ra cc M CK sao cho gi tr ct Gi hin ti gi

tr trung bnh cua ct ny ng thi gi tr s sch 2 ln gi tr hin ti.

B1. Thit lp vng iu kin:

so snh gi tr hin ti vi trung bnh ct ny ta dng

cng thc nh sau: =C8>=AVERAGE($C$8:$C$867) a ch cua u tin trong ct GiaHienTai phi l a

ch tng i v vng trong hm phi c nh.


so snh gi tr s sch ln hn 2 ln gi hin ti ta

dng cng thc: =D8>=2*C8 tt c s dng a chtng i.

Vit ra biu thc iu kin lun l:

(C8>=AVERAGE($C$8:$C$867) And D8>=2*C8)

Tn cc ct trong vng iu kin t cng thc khng

c trng vi bt k tn ct no trong bng d liu.

B2. Chn vng d liu vo Data Advanced khai bo cc thng s nhn OK hon thnh.

34 | Gii Php Excel

PivotTable & PivotChart Gii Php Excel | 35

PIVOTTABLE & PIVOTCHART

II.1. GII THIU PIVOTTABLE

Pivot table l mt cng c rt mnh cua Excel, t Office 97

c hin din cua PivotTable ri. Tri qua cc phin bn khc nhau

cua MSOffice, cng c ny ngy mt ci tin v tr thnh cng

c phn tch hng u trong Excel.

Khng bit PivotTable, ngi dng c khi phi s dng nhng

cng thc tnh tng, m, trung bnh, c iu kin, nu 2 iu

kin tr ln, s phi dng cng thc mng hoc hm SumProduct.

Khi d liu ln n vi trm, vi ngn dng, thm ch chc ngn

dng, th cc cng thc ny khin cho bng tnh chy 1 cch

ch, kh chu.

Hn na, c nhng dng bng phn tch d liu 2 chiu, vic tch

1 phn d liu ra thnh tiu 2 chiu dc v ngang, c khi phi

dng VBA gii quyt.

Trong khi , nu s dng PivotTable, bn ch vic lm theo

wizard, v dng chut ko th. Mi ln ko th vo cc v tr khc

nhau, bn s c 1 dng phn tch khc, v tu theo nhu cu bn

s th vo u. Mt u im mnh cua Pivot table l c th phn

tch vi nhiu cp, tng t tnh tng nhiu iu kin.

36 | Gii Php Excel PivotTable & PivotChart

Vi PivotTable 2003, bn c th phn tch theo %, c th to

field tnh ton v phn tch field mi ny, v nhiu tnh nng

khc.

Vi Pivot Table 2007, 2010 v 2013, cc tnh nng li c b

sung thm hn na.

PivotTable lm vic hiu qu v nhanh chng cho d bn c d

liu rt nhiu dng.

Pivotable c nhc im l khng dng n trnh by nh 1

bo co chnh thc. K c vi Office 2007, 2010 hay 2013, cc

dng trnh by nh dng c sn rt a dng v phong ph, khng

ai mun in n ra nh 1 bo co, v khng ng mu (form of

report) chnh thng.

D vy, sc mnh cua PivotTable l cha th thay th trong rt

nhiu trng hp. Trong tp sch nh ny, ti xin gii thiu cc

bn PivotTable t cn bn n nng cao, v 1 s ng dng cua

n. lp ra bo co chnh thng, Excel h tr hm

GetPivotTable, c th tnh ton vi 14 iu kin i vi Excel

2003, v 126 iu kin i vi Excel 2007, 2010 v 2013. Mt

hm mnh nh i bc, v dng ly s liu trong bng phn

tch ra ngoi lm bo co.

c bit ln ny, ti xin gii thiu Pivot Table trong Excel 2007,

2010 v 2013, vi nhng tnh nng b sung mi nht cua tng

phin bn.

Gii thiu l vic cua ti, cn ng dng, l vic cua cc bn,

chc thnh cng.


II.2. PIVOTTABLE C BN

II.2.1. Khi nim

Pivot table l 1 cng c cua Excel dng tng hp v phn tch d

liu vi nhiu gc v nhiu cp khc nhau.

Th d bn c d liu v doanh thu cua nhiu ca hng, nhiu

nhm mt hng, nhiu tnh khc nhau, trong nhng khong thi

gian khc nhau (th d nm) nh sau:

i l Tnh Mt hng Nm Doanh thu Li nhun

D An Giang in c 2001 34,590,000 8,459,000

C An Giang in c 2003 39,568,000 8,161,120

C An Giang in c 2005 32,417,000 3,824,800

D An Giang in c 2004 45,046,000 7,202,760

C An Giang in gia dng 2002 24,231,000 2,507,720

D An Giang in gia dng 2005 29,373,000 2,937,300



C An Giang in c 2002 25,491,000 24,124,520

E H ni in c 2004 42,154,200 1,825,520

F H ni in c 2006 54,546,000 1,736,380

F H ni in gia dng 2001 41,352,000 6,202,800

F H ni in gia dng 2005 46,373,000 4,964,760

E H ni in t 2002 49,898,000 5,488,780

E H ni in t 2003 43,131,000 4,419,650

I HCM in c 2003 49,433,000 4,943,300

A HCM in c 2004 42,091,000 3,283,640

H HCM in gia dng 2001 43,949,000 2,197,450

B HCM in gia dng 2006 26,739,000 1,069,560

H HCM in t 2002 45,937,000 2,756,220


A HCM in t 2004 49,071,000 3,907,100

B HCM in t 2005 53,449,000 3,679,390

J Hu in c 2002 36,505,000 1,325,250

J Hu in c 2005 47,416,000 5,215,760

G Hu in gia dng 2006 33,126,000 99,378

J Hu in t 2001 44,527,000 4,007,430

G Hu in t 2003 48,149,000 5,170,430

G Hu in t 2004 52,858,000 7,400,120

By gi bn mun tng hp:

Doanh thu tng tnh

Doanh thu tng nhm hng

Doanh thu tng i l

Doanh thu tng nm

V bn mun phn tich:

Doanh thu tng tnh theo tng mt hng

Doanh thu tng i l theo tng mt hng

Doanh thu tng nm cua tng tnh

Doanh thu tng i l theo nm

Doanh thu tng nm theo nhm hng

Chi tit Doanh thu tng nhm hng cho tng i l, nhmtheo tnh.

Phn tch theo bt c kiu no bn c th ngh ra.

Bn c th lm tt c nhng bng ny ch bng dng chut ko

th vi cng c Pivot Table.


II.2.2. Cc bc thc hin

1. T chn vung d liu, Vao Tab Insert chn PivotTable:

2. Xut hin hp thoi Create Pivot Table


Chn 1 trong Existing worksheet hoc chn New worksheet,

Nhn OK. Vng kt qu PivotTable cng vi Hp PivotTable

Fields xut hin trn bng tnh nh hnh sau.


3. Keo va th

Trng tng hp cp cao nht vo Filter (th d Nm)

1 hoc 2 Trng tng hp cp thp hn vo Rows (th d

Tnh, sau l i l, ng lm ngc li l cho i l cp

cao hn Tnh)

1 hoc 2 Trng phn tch vo Columns (th d mt hng)


Trng d liu phn tch vo Values (th d Doanh thu hoc

c Li nhun)

nh dng bo co:

Excel 2013 c sn nhng style nh dng, ch cn click chn

trong tab Design, nu mun nhiu mu hn th click vo mi tn

bn phi cua mc PivotTable Styles.


a. nh dng s, ngy thng,

Trong ca s PivotTable Fields hin ra mi khi PivotTable c

kch hot, nhn chut vo trng d liu trong Values, hoc

nhn chut phi vo 1 trong vng PivotTable, chn Value Field

Settings nh sau:


ca s Value Field Settings hin ra nh sau:


Nhn tip nt Number Format, v nh dng s c du phn cch

hng ngn, s k s thp phn, hoc s c dng %, text, ngy

thng, gi, tin t, dng phn s, dng Custom, y nh format

cell.


II.2.3. Cc thu thut trong PivotTable

1. Xem tng phn bao cao

K bn mi tn trng cua Pivot table, bn s thy c 1 nt c

hnh tam gic, nhn vo s x xung cho bn chn xem 1, hoc

vi nhm d liu:

Khng ging nh 2003 ch cho php xem mi ln 1 loi trong

Page Field, Excel 2007 v 2010 cho php xem 1 hoc vi loi 1

lc nu click chn vo Select Mutiple Items trong Report Filter

fields.


Tng t, Row fields v Column fields c th cho lc theo cc

kiu lc khc nhau nh Auto filter- Custom:


i vi trng ngy thng, ta cn c nhiu la chn hn na:

Nhm so snh: bng, trc ngy, trc hoc bng ngy,

sau ngy, sau hoc bng ngy, trong khong thi gian,

khng trong khong thi gian.


2. Thay i cu truc bng phn tich

Bn c th dng chut ko th: thm, bt, hon v, cc trng

trong PivotTable cho ra 1 mu phn tch mi:

Ko b trng i l ra ngoi, Ko trng Nm t Filters

xung Rows:


Ko th trng Nm t trn xung di trng Tnh

trong vng Rows:


Ko b trng Nm ra ngoi, ko trng Mt hng t

vng Columns xung vng Rows:

Hon v 2 trng Tnh v Mt hng:


Ko trng Tnh b ln Column:


Ko thm trng Li nhun vo vng Values

V lp bt c mu phn tch no bn mun, hoc bn ngh

ra, ch bng cch ko th: thm, bt, i ch, hon v.

Tuy nhin, ng lm chuyn v ngha nh cho i l nm

cp cao hn Tnh. V mt tnh c th c nhiu i l,

nhng mi i l ch nm trong 1 tnh, rt cuc l lit k

tt c ra m chng tng hp hn c g so vi ch 1

trng i l.

3. Sa cha, nh dng nhng Sub Total

Bn r chut vo bn tri cc Row Sub total, hoc bn trn nhng

Column SubTotal, khi no hin ln mi tn nh xu mu en, th

click, ta s chn c ton b cc sub total.


By gi bn c th:

- T mu dng/ ct Sub Total

- Sa An Giang Total thnh Tng An Giang, (ch sa cho 1

, cc cn li t ng i theo)


4. n cac dong SubTotal Row va Column va Total:

Click chn nhng mc cn n, nhn chut phi, b chn

SubTotal

5. Thay i vung d liu ngun:

Nu bn rnh v Excel, ti khuyn bn nn dng 1 Name ng

t cho vng d liu ngun cho PivotTable. Khi bn cp nht

d liu ngun theo thi gian, Name ng s t tnh li kch thc

vng d liu, v PivotTable s cp nht theo.


Nu bn khng bit t g v Name, hy lm theo cch sau:

- Vo Tab PivotTable Tools Analyze

- Nhn Change Data Source.

- Chn li vng d liu mi.


6. iu chinh v tri 2 trng d liu dong thanh ct:

Gi s bn mun phn tch c Doanh thu v Li nhun, v khi

bn ko th trng Li nhun vo vng Values bn c c:

Mun chuyn v theo dng ct nh th ny:

Row Labels Doanh thu Li nhun

An Giang 434.619.000 42.285.220

H ni 273.619.000 29.237.890

Bn lm nh sau:

Nm ko ci Values t Rows th vo Columns


Kt qu:


II.3. PIVOTTABLE NNG CAO

II.3.1. Yu cu c bn khi thc hin PivotTable

ni v PivotTable l ni v tng hp v phn tch.

ni v phn tch l phi c tiu ch phn tch.

Tiu ch phn tch l bt k tiu ch no c th dng

phn loi d liu. Th d tiu ch loi chi ph, tiu ch k

bo co, tiu ch nhm sn phm, tiu ch vng th trng,

tiu ch loi khch hng, thm ch phn loi khch hng

cng c nhiu cch phn loi: phn loi theo khch mua

s, l; phn loi theo doanh s ln nh

Phn loi d liu cn chnh xc, khng trng lp, khng

m h. 1 dng d liu ch c th nm trong 1 loi, khng

c hn. Th d nu c loi chi ph Vn Phng th

khng c c chi ph in thoi. Mun c chi ph in

thoi th phi tch chi ph Vn Phng ra: chi ph in

thoi, mc in, vn phng phm, lng nhn vin Vn

Phng, ci g khng cn qu chi tit th gp vo chi ph

linh tinh.

l ni v phn tch, cn ni v PivotTable: PivotTable cng

yu cu chnh xc y nh vy thm ch nu bn g sai chnh t, d

du space, thiu du sc, du huyn; Pivot cng coi nh 1 loi

mi v tch ring ra.

Th d trong bng PivotTable trn nu tt c d liu ct Thnh

ph H Ch Minh trong ct tnh l HCM, lt vo 1 HCM

(d 1 khong trng) th s b tch ring ra 1 dng nh sau: t


mu cam l g d khong trng, th hin dng HCM th 2 trn

PivotTable.

Nh vy cho PivotTable lm tt bn phi lm theo ng cch.

Ti gi 1 quy trnh nh sau:

1. Ly d liu th

2. Chn tiu ch phn tch

3. Lp 1 danh sch cc loi d liu theo tiu ch trn, phn

bao nhiu loi ty bn, nhng tn tng loi phi chnh xc

v ngn gn. Nu tiu ch ny c sn trong d liu th:

kim tra tnh chnh xc cua cc loi d liu trong tiu ch

. Nu vic kim tra kh khn do d liu nhiu, tt nht

l lm 1 Danh sch mi.

4. Thm 1 ct vo d liu th. Trong ct ny mi dng d

liu phi chn 1 loi trong Danh sch lm bc 3,

chnh xc tng k t. Tt nht l dng validation chn.


5. Nu bn cn phn tch nhiu tiu ch, lm li bc 3 v 4

cho mi tiu ch.

6. Tin hnh to PivotTable.

II.3.2. Cc phng php thng k i vi trng d liu

A. Cac phep thng k thng dung:

Pivot table khng ch c thng k tng, n c th thng k s lng, s ln nht, nh nht, s trung bnh, ...

Th d ta c bng im thi 5 mn cua hc sinh 3 lp nh sau:

STT Tn HS Lp Mn im

1 Nguyn vn 01 6A1 Toan 8.3

2 Nguyn vn 02 6A1 Vn 6.9

3 Nguyn vn 03 6A1 Ly 9.7

4 Nguyn vn 04 6A1 Hoa 6.9

5 Nguyn vn 05 6A1 Sinh 6.5











By gi ta mun thng k: - S hc sinh mi lp d thi


- im cao nht cua mi lp - im thp nht cua mi lp - im trung bnh mi lp

Hy to 1 PivotTable vi cu trc nh sau:

Ko trng Lp vo Rows, trng Tn HS v trng im vo Values. V trng tn HS l chui (text), nn Excel t gn cng thc l Count: 2 lp c 6 HS v 1 lp c 3 HS. Trng im l s (number) nn Excel t gn cng thc Sum. Sa trng Tn HS thnh S HS cho oai.


Nhn chut phi vo trng im trn PivotTable, chn Summarize Values By Max:


Kt qu:


Ko th trng im vo Values 2 ln na, iu chnh li: 1 ln Summarize Values By - Min v 1 ln Summarize Values By - Average:

Nu thm trng Mn vo di trng Lp trong Rows, ta s c kt qu sau:


B. Cac phep thng k c bit

Quay tr li phn Doanh thu v Li nhun cua d liu mu phn

1. Phn tich % Doanh thu mt hang trn tng s cua tng tinh

Ko Tnh v Mt hng vo Rows, Doanh thu ko 2 ln vo Values: 1 ln l Sum, 1 ln l % of Parent Row Total. ( y, nhn xt rng Tnh mc tng hp cao hn mt hng, nn Tnh l Parent).


Cch thit lp PivotTable trong PivotTable Fields nh hnh bn di. Cc fields Doanh thu c t tn li.


Kt qu nh bng sau:


Ta thy An Giang c 2 mt hng l in c v in gia dng, doanh thu mi mt hng chim ln lt 61,51% v 38,49%, cng 100%. Tng doanh thu cua tnh An Giang chim 25,29% cua c nc.

Nu ta chn % of Row Total trong Show Values As th kt qu s khng ging mong mun m s nh sau:


2. Phn tich % Doanh thu trn c nc

By gi ta mun tnh % Doanh thu cua mi i l trn c nc, nhm theo Tnh:

Ko Tnh v i l vo Rows, Doanh thu ko 2 ln vo Values, 1 tnh Sum, 1 tnh % of Grand Total. Kt qu:

Ta thy An Giang chim 25,29% Doanh thu c nc, trong i l C chim 10,69% v i l D, 14,60%. (cng 25,29%).

3. Phn tich mc tng gim hoc % tng gim Doanh thu so vi nm trc


Ko trng Tnh v trng Nm vo Rows, ko trng Doanh thu vo Values 3 ln, 1 ln tnh tng (Sum), 1 ln Differnce from ..., v 1 ln % Difference from ... Khi hin hp thoi di y th chn dng Base field l Nm v Base Item l Previous.


Kt qu:


4. Mc tng gim hoc % tng gim Doanh thu so vi ky gc

Tng t nh mc 3, nhng trong hp thoi Show Values As hin ra chn Base Item l nm ta dng lm k gc so snh, th d nm 2001 th kt qu c nh sau:


Ta cng c th tnh ton nh vy i vi trng Li nhun, hoc c 2 Doanh thu v Li nhun.

5. T l so vi 1 d liu cng cp dng lm mc so snh

Gi s ta mun tnh t l doanh thu cc tnh so vi doanh thu cua TP HCM dng lm mc:

Ko th trng Doanh thu vo Values 2 ln, 1 ln tnh tng (Sum), 1 ln tnh Show Values As % Of nh hnh:


Based Field, chn Tnh, Based Item, chn HCM:

Kt qu: HCM so vi chnh n th 100%, cc tnh khc th c t l tng ng vi tng nhm mt hng.

Row Labels Doanh thu % DT so vi

TP.HCM

An Giang 287,952,000 92.69%

in c 177,112,000 193.51%

in gia dng 110,840,000 156.80%

H ni 277,454,200 89.31%

in c 96,700,200 105.66%

in gia dng 87,725,000 124.10%

in t 93,029,000 62.66%

HCM 310,669,000 100.00%

in c 91,524,000 100.00%

in gia dng 70,688,000 100.00%

in t 148,457,000 100.00%

Hu 262,581,000 84.52%

in c 83,921,000 91.69%

in gia dng 33,126,000 46.86%

in t 145,534,000 98.03%

Grand Total 1,138,656,200


C. Cng cu Group

i vi 1 s trng cua Pivot Table loi trng s v trng ngy thng, ta c th Group chng li.

1. Group trng loi s:

Gi s vi d liu Doanh thu nh trn ta c th Group trng Nm thnh nhm 2 nm, hoc 3 nm nh sau:

Bm chut phi vo trng Nm trn PivotTable, chn Group:


Group 2 nm, c kt qu sau:

Group 3 nm, c kt qu sau:


2. Group trng loi ngy thng:

Gi s vi d liu doanh thu hng ngy c 1 nm nh sau:

Ngy Mt

hng S

lng n gi Thnh tin

02/01/2014 A 39 10,000 390,000

07/01/2014 C 10 28,000 280,000

12/01/2014 B 45 18,000 810,000

17/01/2014 D 32 40,000 1,280,000

22/01/2014 D 40 40,000 1,600,000

27/01/2014 B 19 18,000 342,000

01/02/2014 A 10 10,000 100,000

06/02/2014 B 23 18,000 414,000

11/02/2014 C 10 28,000 280,000

16/02/2014 A 21 10,000 210,000

21/02/2014 A 12 10,000 120,000

08/12/2014 A 17 10,000 170,000

13/12/2014 C 21 28,000 588,000

18/12/2014 B 12 18,000 216,000

23/12/2014 C 46 28,000 1,288,000

28/12/2014 A 39 10,000 390,000

Sau khi to 1 Pivot table theo ngy nh sau:


Ta c th Group cc ngy theo thng, theo qu, hoc nhiu cp nh sau:

Kt qu ln lt l:


Nhm kt qu theo Thng

Nhm kt qu theo Qu

Nhm kt qu theo Thng v Qu

Nhm kt qu theo Thng, Qu v Nm (c ngha khi thng k qua nhiu nm)


Nu mun Group theo tun th Group theo ngy v chn 7 ngy:


D. To trng tnh ton da vao trng c sn:

1. To trng tnh ton

Gi s ta mun tnh % Li nhun trn doanh thu da vo 2 trng ny, ta phi Insert 1 trng tnh ton (Calculated Field).

Trong hp thoi hin ra, t tn trng, lp cng thc tnh: = Li nhun/ Doanh thu bng cch double click vo tn trng, thm ton t chia v thm trng khc.


Sau nhn Add v nhn OK, nh dng % cho trng mi.

Ta c th tnh t l hon thnh k hoch, nu ta to 1 trng tnh li nhun k hoch bng 10% doanh thu, v so snh t l gia li nhun thc vi li nhun k hoch: To 2 trng tnh ton:


o Li nhun KH = Doanh thu * 10% o T l hon thnh KH = Li nhun/ Li nhun KH,

nh dng %

Hoc dng cng thc phc tp hn tnh thng chng hn:

Thng = Doanh thu * IF(Doanh thu >100,000,000, 5%, 3%)

Nhm theo Tnh theo di:


Vi trng mi, ta c th lm mi php thng k nh trng c sn, Th d tnh % thng cua Tnh so vi tng thng.


2. To muc tnh ton ring cho cc phn t cua mt hoc nhiu field

Ta c th tnh ton tng phn cua 1 field, th d cng 2 mt hng in t v in gia dng thnh Nhm gia dng bng cch Insert 1 Calculated Item c cng thc sau:


Ta c th filter du 2 mc con i:

E. D liu t nhiu ngun

Trong Excel 2003, s dng ti a l 216 = 65,536 dng, i vi d liu pht sinh trong nm cua 1 doanh nghip ln nhiu khi vt qu s dng trn, Ngi ta phi nhp liu chia ra tng thng, mi thng 1 sheet hoc mi thng 1 file ring l.

Hoc i vi 1 doanh nghip c nhiu chi nhnh, mi chi nhnh s c 1 file ring v chng ta phi tng hp li phn tch.

Cc trng hp trn Excel s c cng c phn tch t nhiu ngun, Excel 2013 tng s dng ln n 220 = 1,048,576 dng. Tuy vy, ta cng c tm hiu phng php tng hp phn tch bng PivotTable t nhiu ngun.


Ngy Ct Loi chi ph TK chi ph TK S tin

04/01/05 1A/PC Chi tip khch 642800 111 1,406,000

05/01/05 8/PC Chi VPP 642300 111 450,000

05/01/05 6/PC Chi VPP 642300 111 115,000

05/01/05 7/PC Chi VPP 642300 111 100,000

06/01/05 16/PC Chi mua thit b 642300 111 75,000

Excel 2013 khng c nt lnh Pivot Table Wizard m ch c nt

lnh insert thng thng, Bn phi gn nt lnh vo thanh cng

c Quick Access Toolbar, hoc dng t hp phm tt Alt D P

gi hp thoi PivotTable and PivotChart Wizard.

Chn Multiple consolidation ranges ri nhn Next.

Chn Create a single page field for me ri nhn Next


Chn tng vng d liu v nhn Add:


Chn ni t Pivot table:

Excel t dng chn 1 vng d liu vo Row label gi l Row v

1 vng d liu vo Column labels gi l Column.


Sum of Value Column Labels

Row Labels s tin TK chi

ph

TK

BHXH 18,683,000 0 0

BHYT 2,658,300 0 0

Chi mua thit b 3,598,050 0 0

Tin lng 103,473,000 0 0

Bao b 248,360 0 0

Chi ng bao tuyn dng 3,314,545 0 0

Chi khc 230,000 0 0

Chi mua qu 6,696,908 0 0

Ta khng cn trng no th du trng i bng filter: 2

trng TK ang c gi tr zero v chng c ngha g:


Sum of Value Column Labels

Row Labels s tin

BHXH 18,683,000

BHYT 2,658,300

Chi mua thit b 3,598,050

Tin lng 103,473,000

Bao b 248,360

Chi ng bao tuyn dng 3,314,545

Chi khc 230,000

Chi mua qu 6,696,908

Chi Ph nhp hng 553,840

Chi qung co trin lm 5,454,545

Chi qu an ninh quc phng 600,000

Chi sa thit b 1,362,036

Chi tip khch 91,224,555

Chi VPP 7,049,652

II.4. NG DNG PIVOTTABLE TRONG BO CO

II.4.1. Phn tch

1. Phn tch chi ph theo loi

Bn bit rng mt s chi ph chng hn chi ph tin lng, vn

phng phm, in, in thoi , , , c s dng nhiu b phn

khc nhau nh b phn k ton, b phn kinh doanh, b phn

hnh chnh , , , Nh qun l cn bit rng chi ph thng ny so

vi thng trc tng hay gim, tng b phn no, tng c l do

chnh ng hay khng? T l chi ph no b phn no l bao

nhiu, t l trn tng s l bao nhiu? So vi thng trc l tng

hay gim? v quan trng nht l c th tit gim hay khng? tit

gim b phn no? C th nh Vn phng phm b phn k


ton tng c km theo doanh thu hoc lng chng t tng

khng? chi ph in thoi cua b phn bn hng tng c km theo

doanh thu tng hay lng khch hng tng hay khng?

Bn phi c 1 c s d liu chun dng nh sau:

Ngy Loi chi ph B phn S tin

04/01/2005 Chi tip khch Ban Gam c 1,406,000

05/01/2005 Chi VPP Hnh chnh NS 450,000



06/01/2005 Chi mua thit b Hnh chnh NS 75,000

06/01/2005 L ph hi quan K hoch 5,000

06/01/2005 Gi xe Ban Gam c 12,000

06/01/2005 Ph Bu in Ban Gam c 1,112,727

08/01/2005 Ph vn chuyn Phng T chc 8,000

08/01/2005 Chi tip khch Ban Gam c 438,000

08/01/2005 Chi tip khch Ban Gam c 200,000

10/01/2005 Tin in thoi Phng T chc 2,418,619

Vi trng ngy thng group theo thng, to pivot table phn

tch chi ph theo thng nh sau:

Nu mun p th thm 1 biu minh ha. Ghi ch: vi Pivot

Chart ta c th filter xem ln lt tng loi chi ph.


Kt qu:

13,000,000

14,000,000

15,000,000

16,000,000

17,000,000

18,000,000

19,000,000

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

Tin lng

Tin lng


2. Phn tch chi ph theo b phn

Cng vi bng d liu trn, c th phn tch theo b phn:

II.4.2. Tng hp v phn tich tng cng on sn xut

Vi cu trc d liu chun, mi cng on v mi s kin c ghi li thnh 1 record (dng) thay v to nhiu ct, ta c th to pivot table theo di 1 s vic theo tng s kin din ra, th d nh theo di 1 n hng sn xut t khi bt u nhn ti khi hon tt.

D liu mu:


1. Tng hp theo cng on

Thit lp trong PivotTable Fields


2. Trnh t thc hin tng n hng theo s kin



3. Tng hp theo khch hng v n hng



4. Tng hp theo sn phm

5. Tng hp sn phm theo thng, nm

6. Tng hp theo tnh trng


7. Thng k theo phn xng v chuyn SX


8. Thng k theo quy cch (mu v kich thc)

Ngha l vi 1 bng d liu chun, ta c th ra rt nhiu nhng bo co khc nhau .

108 | Gii Php Excel

PowerPivot Gii Php Excel | 109

POWERPIVOT

III.1. GII THIU

PowerPivot l mt cng c phn tch d liu v lp m hnh d

liu mnh m trong Excel. PowerPivot l mt Add-in m

Microsoft b sung vo Excel k t phin bn Excel 2010 v c

nhng trc tip trong Excel 2013. PowerPivot c s dng cho

vic thm v tch hp mt lng ln d liu vo trong bng tnh

Excel. Cc d liu m bn thm vo bng tnh c lu tr trc

tip trong file Excel v n l mt ngun c s d liu cho

PowerPivot.

Bn c th s dng c s d liu ny trong Excel hoc trong cc

bo co cua cng c Power View km theo. Trong Excel, bng

tnh cung cp cho ta nhiu tnh nng gip trnh by d liu mt

cch trc quan v tng tc. S dng cc tnh nng to bo co

cua PivotTable, bn c th d dng to ra nhiu kiu bo co phc

tp da trn ngun d liu phn tch phong ph m PowerPivot

mang li.

110 | Gii Php Excel PowerPivot

Li ch cua PowerPivot

Mt khng gian lm vic (workspace) ring bit c m

ra trong Excel v c dng nhp d liu t nhiu

ngun, to lin kt cho cc bng d liu, lm phong ph

v lm sch d liu. Workspace lu tr cc d liu trong

file .xlsx v chia s cc d liu ny vi cc bng tnh

Excel.

DAX l ngn ng biu thc h tr cho vic thao tc d

liu v logic kinh doanh. DAX cho php bn to ra cc

cng thc trong cc lp d liu. Cc biu thc DAX c

th tham chiu n bt c bng hay ct c quan h vi

nhau. Bn c th s dng cc biu thc to ra cc ct

tnh ton hoc o lng, nh dng li d liu, v nhm

cc d liu.

X l d liu trc tip trong b nh my tnh thng qua

b my Analysis Services xVelocity (VertiPaq) v chun

b sn sng cc d liu cho cc tnh nng nh PivotTables,

PivotChart, PowerView bng tnh s dng.


Mt Tab PowerPivot c thm vo Ribbon cua Excel

bn c th truy xut nhanh chng n cc lnh.

PowerPivot cp nht cc cng ngh kt ni d liu mi

nht AMO, ADOMD.NET, v cc nh cung cp dch v

phn tch OLE DB. Do vy tng kh nng kt ni vi rt

nhiu ngun d liu khc nhau cho PowerPivot.

III.2. CI T V ADD-INS POWERPIVOT

PowerPivot c thm vo Excel 2010 di dng mt Add-Ins.

Do vy bn cn ti chng trnh ci t t website Microsoft. Sau

khi ci t thnh cng th Add-Ins n vo s c thm Tab

PowerPivot trn Ribbon nh hnh sau:

Link ti phn mm:

https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=29074

Lu : c cc yu cu v hng dn ci t phn mm trc khi ci.

C bn l my cn c Windows XP tr ln, .Net Framework 4.0 tr ln

v Office 2010.

i vi Excel 2013 th PowerPivot c nhng km theo b Office

nn bn ch cn ci t y u th Excel s c thm tnh nng ny.

Vo File | Options | Add-Ins | Com Add-Ins:


Sau khi OK th ta c:

Bn c th ti cc tp tin ng dng minh ha v PowerPivot m

Microsoft cung cp ti y:



Lu : Cc d liu trong cc file v d trn ban u l dng PowerPivot

kt ni vi SQL Server ly v v lu tr trc tip trong file Excel.

Chng ta c th xem cc bo co c to trong file da trn cc d

liu lu tr ny.

V d ta m file v d PowerPivot Healthcare Audit ta s thy c cc

bo co dng sn cc sheet:


xem ngun d liu ta vo PowerPivot | chn Manage

Khi ta s thy c cc bng d liu ngun:

Mi bng chim mt tab thanh bn di mn hnh

V cc bng c rt t cc h qun tr c s d liu (SQL

Server, Access, Oracle,) nn chng thng c thit k

chun ha v mt d liu v cc bng c quan h vi nhau theo

kha chnh v kha ngoi.


xem m hnh d liu quan h cua cc bng ta chn lnh Diagram

View ti nhm View.


Nu cc bn tng lm vic vi Microsoft Access th bn c th thy

PowerPivot n cng tng t nh th. N mang khi nim m hnh d

liu vo trong Excel b sung cho im yu ny cua Excel.

Trong ti liu ny, cc hnh nh minh ha s chp mn hnh trn phin

bn Excel 2013.

D liu thc tp trong phn ny l CSDL Northwind cua Microsoft,

bn di l s quan h gia cc bng d liu.

Link ti c s d liu mu NorthWind:

Dng cho MS SQL Server 2000


https://northwinddatabase.codeplex.com/releases/view/71634

nh dng MS Access & SQL Server 2005

http://www.giaiphapexcel.com/download/NorthWind.zip

III.3. TABLES V POWERPIVOT

Chng ta c 3 bng d liu lu trong 3 sheet cua Excel:

Bng Customers: lu tr cc thng tin cua khch hng, bao gm

cc Fields v kiu d liu nh sau:


D liu mu:

Bng Orders: Lu tr thng tin cc n hng cua cng ty, bao gm

cc Fields v kiu d liu nh sau:


D liu mu:

Bng Orders Details: Lu tr thng tin chi tit cho cc n hng.

Bao gm cc Fields v kiu d liu nh sau:

D liu mu:

M tp tin Excel cha d liu mu thc hnh

(PowerPivot_TH3.xlsx).


III.3.1. Chuyn Range thnh Tables

chuyn cc vng (Range) d liu bnh thng trong cc sheet cua

Excel vo m hnh d liu cua PowerPivot, trc tin chng ta chuyn

Range thnh Tables. Cch thc hin nh sau:

B1. Chn vng cha d liu Customers trong sheet Customers

B2. Vo Insert chn Tables (Ctrl+T)

B3. Excel hin bng Create Table c hin th vng d liu cn chuyn

sang Tables Nhn OK


B4. Bn c th t tn bng li l Customers cho d theo di cc bc

sau (Excel mc nh t tn l Table1):

Lm cc bc tng t chuyn 2 vng d liu Orders v Orders

Details thnh 2 bng c tn tng ng l Orders v Orders Details.


III.3.2. a Tables vo Data Model cua PowerPivot

thm cc Tables vo m hnh d liu cua PowerPivot ta lm theo

cc bc sau:

B1. t hin hnh vo bng Customers

B2. Chn PowerPivot t Ribbon chn lnh Add to Data Model.

Excel s sao chp bng d liu vo ca s PowerPivot nh hnh sau:


B3. Lm li bc 1 v 2 a 2 bng Orders v Orders_Details vo

PowerPivot.

Lu khi lm vic trong ca s PowerPivot:

Ca s PowerPivot c lp vi ca s bng tnh Excel

Khng th hiu chnh cc d liu trong bng trong ca s

PowerPivot, cc d liu ny ch l bn sao cua cc Tables lu

trong bng tnh Excel.

C th chuyn i qua li gia ca s PowerPivot v Excel

trong qu trnh lm vic.

III.3.3. To mi quan h gia cc bng trong PowerPivot

Cc vng d liu m chng ta lu trn cc Sheet khng c mi quan

h vi nhau. Nn khi chng ta cp nhp d liu trong mt vng d liu

th cc d liu c lin quan lu trong vng d liu khc s khng t

ng cp nht theo t dn n cc d liu khng c cp nht ng

b Data Model cua PowerPivot cho php chng ta to mi quan h

gia cc bng vi nhau:


B1. Nhn nt Diagram View trn thanh cng c cua PowerPivot

B2. Ta ko Field CustomerID t bng Customers sang CustomerID

trong bng Orders th hin mi quan h 1-nhiu gia khch hng v

n hng (1 khch hng c th c nhiu n hng)


B3. Ko field OrderID t bng Orders sang field OrderID trong bng

Orders_Details th hin mi quan h 1-nhiu gia n hng v chi

tit n hng (mt n hng c th c nhiu mt hng).

Nu bn mun xem, hiu chnh hay xo mi quan h gia 2 bng trong Data Model, bn lm theo cc bc sau:

Trong ca s PowerPivot Diagram Viewo Kch i chut vo ng lin kt gia 2 bng bn c

th xem c thng tin lin kt gia 2 bng v hiu chnhnu cn.


o Nhn phm Delete (hay kch phi chut chn Delete)

xo mi quan h gia 2 bng.


o Kch phi chut chn Mark as Inactive tm thikhng kch hot mi quan h gia 2 bng.

Cch khc l t ca s PowerPivot chn Design chnManage Relatonships trong ca s Manage Relatonships bnchn lnh:

o Create: to mi quan h mi

o Edit: hiu chnh mi quan h

o Delete: Xo mi quan h


n y, bn to c mi quan h gia 3 bng thng tin khch

hng (Customers), n t hng (Orders) v Chi tit n hng

(Orders_Details) trong PowerPivot. Tip theo chng ta s tng hp d

liu t 3 bng thng tin trn bng cng c PivotTable.

III.3.4. To PivotTable t d liu cua PowerPivot

Vic to PivotTable t d liu cua PowerPivot cng rt d v gn ging

vi cc bi hc trc, im khc bit y l ngun d liu PivotTable

ly t PowerPivot. Vic s dng ngun d liu PowerPivot khi to

Pivot Table c mt s gii hn s dng nh:

Tnh nng Group khng s dng c (khng th nhm d liu dng Date thnh Months, Quarters hay Years,).

PowerPivot c b sung tnh nng thc hin vic ny v s

c trnh by trong phn sau.

Trong PivotTable m dng ngun d liu thng thng, khi bn kch chut 2 ln trong mt thng tin tng hp th Excel

s to nn mt sheet cha d liu to nn d liu .


PivotTable dng d liu t PowerPivot th ch hin 1000 dng

d liu u tin khi bn kch chut 2 ln vo thng tin tng

hp.

Khng cho php to cc Caculated Fields v Caculated Itemsnh trong PivotTable thng thng.

Hm Product v Count khng s dng c,

Di dy l minh ha cch to PivotTable n gin t ngun d liu

cua Powerpivot vi cc bng d liu thit lp cc mi quan h. Cc

bc thc hin:

B1. Trong ca s PowerPivot ngn Home chn PivotTable

B2. Chn ni lu PivotTable chn New Worksheet


B3. Ko field CompanyName t bng Customers trn vo Rows. Ko

field UnitPrice bng Orders_Details vo Values vi php tnh

Average.

Lu thm v PivotTable:

PivotTable truyn thng khng th thc hin c iu ny v cc bng

d liu khng c mi quan h vi nhau. Trong Excel 2013, tnh nng


PivotTable c b sung ty chn tng hp d liu s dng Data Model

(y l bn rt gn cua PowerPivot). s dng tnh nng Data Model

trong PivotTable truyn thng bn cng cn chuyn cc vng d liu

(Range) trn bng tnh sang Tables vo PivotTable Tools Analyze Relationships to mi quan h gia cc Tables.

Sau khi cc Tables c mi quan h th bn c th to PivotTable c s

dng d liu t nhiu Tables ny: Insert PivotTable chn Add this data to the Data Model Cc bc cn li s ging nh phn to PivotTable t ngun PowerPivot trn.


III.3.5. Ci tin PowerPivot s dng Caculated Columns

Nh bn thy v d trn dng PivotTable tng hp d liu t ngun

PowerPivot cha mang tnh thc t do thng tin c c t vic tng

hp cha tha ng.

Phn ny chng ta cng to mt bng tng hp d liu bng PivotTable

t ngun PowerPivot xem mi khch hng mua tng gi tr l bao

nhiu v tng tin c chit khu.

To thm cc ct tinh ton trc trong cc bng cua PowerPivot

To thm Caculated column trong PowerPivot rt n gin. Bn lm

theo cc bc sau:

Do d liu v n gi (UnitPrice), s lng (Quantiy), Chit khu

(Discount) cua cc hng ha m khch hng mua u nm trong bng

Orders_Details nn chng ta s thm 2 ct mi vo bng ny l:

Ct Thnh tin (Total Revenue) = (UnitPrice)*(Quantity)

Tin chit khu (Total Discount) = (UnitPrice)*(Quantity)*(Discount)

B1. Trong ca s PowerPivot chn bng Orders_Details

B2. Nhp vo trng u tin ti ct Add Column ri nhp vo cng

thc: =[UnitPrice]*[Quantity] v Enter. PowerPivot t ng t tn

ct mi l CalculatedColumn1.


B3. i tn ct li thnh Total Revenue bng cch kch chut 2 ln vo

tn ct hoc nhp phi chut ln ct ri chn Rename Column.


B4. Tng t, ta thm vo ct Total Discount c cng thc l:

=(UnitPrice)*(Quantity)*(Discount)

Kt qu chng ta c bng:

To bng tng hp d liu PivotTable t cc d liu ny:

B1. T ca s PowerPivot ngn Home PivotTable


B2. Chn New Worksheet

B3. Ko field CompanyName vo ROWS. Ko Total Revenue v Total

Discount vo VALUES vi php tnh SUM. Ta c kt qu nh hnh

sau:

nh dng v n/ hin cc ct

nh dng ta dng nhm lnh Formating trong ngn Home


n cc ct ta nhp phi chut vo ct cn n v chn Hide form

Client Tools

III.4. S DNG HM DAX TO CC CT TNH TON

DAX vit tt cua t Data Analysis Expression l cc hm c bit m

PowerPivot cung cp dng tnh ton d liu trong cc ct v dng

cua bng (Calculated Columns).

Trong ca s PowerPivot truy cp vo hp danh mc hm DAX bn

lm nh sau:

B1. Chn u tin trong ct Add Column


B2. Nhn nt fx trn thanh Formula

B3. Chn hm cn s dng v khai bo tham s cho hm. V d bn

chn hm =SUM([UnitPrice])

Bn thy kt qu ct mi thm vo ging nhau do hm SUM ch tnh

c tng cua c ct.


thy c li ch cua cc hm DAX ta xt v d nh sau: By gi

chng ta mun to mt bo co tng hp tng doanh thu bn hng v

tng tin chit khu cua tng khch hng theo thng hoc nm.

Do gii hn khi to PivotTable t ngun d liu PowerPivot l ta khng

th s dng tnh nng Group. Nn chng ta s dng cc hm DAX

to trc 3 ct mi trong bng Orders l cc ct Months,

MonthName v Years vi ngun d liu l ct OrderDate trong bng

Orders.

Cc bc thc hin:

B1. Trong PowerPivot chn bng Orders chn trng u tin trong ct Add Column g vo cng thc: =Month([OrderDate]) Ta s trch ra c thng trong chui Date ti ct OrderDate.

i tn ct li thnh Months.


B2. Tng t, ta to cc ct Years vi cng thc: =Year([OrderDate])

Ta s trch ra c nm trong chui Date ti ct OrderDate.

B3. bo co d theo di ta c th thm mt ct na tn l

MonthName c cng thc sau: =Format([OrderDate], mmmm)

Nu to thm ct Quarters th dng cng thc:

=If([Months]


B4. To PivotTable vi cc fields CompanyName, Years v

MonthName ko vo ROWS. Cc fields Total Revenue v Total

Discount ko vo VALUES vi php tnh SUM.

Lu : Cc thng trong bng tng hp khng hin th theo th t A Z c do PowerPivot khng h tr sp xp da vo Custom Lists.

khc phc ta lm nh sau:

B1. Vo PowerPivot chn bng Orders chn ct MonthName B2. Chn ngn Home chn Sort by Column chn Months.

Xem li kt qu trong bng tng hp PivotTable.


III.4.1. To thm Calculated Fields cho PivotTable dngngun d liu t PowerPivot

hiu hn v cch dng hm DAX trong vic to thm cc

Calculated Column chng ta s lm mt bng tng hp doanh thu cua

tng khch hng trong nm 1997 v 1998 v tnh gi tr tng/ gim

doanh thu gia 2 nm.

Trc tin ta s to mt PivotTable mi t ngun d liu PowerPivot

B1. Trong ca s PowerPivot chn bng Customers vo Home chn PivotTable

B2. Chn New Worksheet, v ko field CompanyName t Customers

vo ROWS, ta c kt qu nh hnh sau:


B3. Ta s thm Calculated Column c tn m 1997 Revenue vo kt

qu PivotTable trn bng cch chn vo vng kt qu PivotTable vo ngn PowerPivot (trong ca s Excel) chn Calculated Fields chn New Calculated Field

B4. Trong hp thoi Calculated Field ta nhp cc thng tin vo nh

hnh bn di:


Table name: ta chn table Orders_Details do ct doanh thu lu

trong bng ny. Sau ny field mi thm vo s nm trong bng ny.

Calculated field name: t tn cho field mi, y ta t l 1997

Revenue (doanh thu nm 1997).

Description: M t, gii thch cho field ny

Nhp cng thc tnh ton vo khung Formula

=CALCULATE(Sum(Orders_Details[Total Revenue]), Orders[Years]=1997)

Nhn Check formula xem cng thc c li khng.

Chn cc ty chn nh dng s liu cho kt qu tnh ton bn di.

B5. Nhn nt OK ta s c kt qu nh sau:


B6. Lm tng t cc bc 3 n 5 cho field mi l 1998 Revenue vi

cng thc trong Formula nh sau:

=CALCULATE(Sum(Orders_Details[Total Revenue]),Orders[Years]=1998)


B7. Lm tng t cc bc 3 n 5 cho field mi l 1998 vs 1998 vi

cng thc trong Formula v lu kt qu vo bng Customers nh hnh

sau: =[1998 Revenue] [1997 Revenue]

Kt qu PivotTable nh sau:


III.4.2. Hiu chnh cc Calculated Field

B1. Chn vo bt k u trong PivotTable vo ngn PivotTable chn Caculated Fields chn Manage Calculated Fields.

B2. Chn tn field cn chnh sa v nhn Edit. Mun thm field mi

th nhn New v mun xa th nhn Delete.

Xem thm v DAX: https://goo.gl/1HQ7Ob


III.5. NHP D LIU T BN NGOI EXCEL VOPOWERPIVOT

Trong phn ny, chng ta s thc hnh nhp cc loi d liu t nhiu ngun khc nhau vo PowerPivot. Lu , bn hy m mt tp tin Excel hon ton mi khi thc hnh cc phn bn di.

III.5.1. Nhp d liu t MS SQL Server

Gi s bn ang c CSDL Northwind trong MS SQL Server 2005. Chng ta s dng PowerPivot kt ni n MS SQL Server v nhp CSDL Northwind vo PowerPivot cua Excel. Cc bc thc hin:

B1. Trong ca s PowerPivot ngn Home nhp chn Get External Date From Database chn From SQL Server.

B2. Trong hp thoi Table Import Wizard:

Friendly connection name: t tn cho kt ni

Server name: tn my chu MS SQL Server hoc a ch IP cuamy chu MS SQL Server.


Log on to the server: Nhp vo ti khon c quyn truy cpn CSDL trong MS SQL Server. Chn Save my password lu mt m.

Database name: Chn CSDL cn nhp trong MS SQL Server

Nhn nt Advanced xem chi tit hn cc thit lp kt ni.

Nhn nt Test Connection kim tra thit lp ng hay cha

Khi nhn Test Connection m bn nhn c thng bo sau th xc nh bn kt ni ti MS SQL Server thnh cng.


B3. Nhn nt Next tip tc. Sau chn Select from a list of table and views to choose the data to import. Nhn Next qua bc tip theo.

B4. Chn cc Tables hoc Views cn nhp vo PowerPivot. y chng ta chn 13 bng trong CSDL Northwind.


Mun xem trc d liu cua bng no th ta chn tn bng v nhn nt Preview & Filter. y chng ta c th lc btcc d liu hoc b bt cc ct khng cn thit.

Nt Select Related Tables khi c nhn th chng trnh tng tm v chn cc bng c lin quan n bng m bn angchn.

B5. Nhn nt Finish hon tt vic nhp liu v chng trnh bt u nhp liu vo PowerPivot


B6. Nhn nt Close tr v ca s PowerPivot ta thy c 13 bng d liu trong ca s PowerPivot nh hnh sau:


Nhn vo nt Diagram View ta s thy c s quan h gia cc bng d liu.

III.5.2. Nhp d liu t MS Access

CSDL MS Access kh ph bin i vi ngi dng vn phng, n thng c dng lm CSDL cho cc ng dng nh gn, c ng, trong doanh nghip. Trong phn ny chng ta s thc hnh nhp cc bng d liu trong MS Access vo PowerPivot.


CSDL Access khng c t mt m bo v

B1. Trong ca s PowerPivot ngn Home nhp chn Get External Date From Database chn From Access.

B2. in thng tin kt ni vi CSDL nh trong hp thoi bn di:

Friendly connection name: t tn cho kt ni

Database name: Tm n v chn CSDL MS Access ang lutrong my cua bn.

Log on to the database: Nhp thng tin ti khon ng nhpCSDL MS Access ( th nghim chc nng ny s bo li khitp tin Access c mt m bo v).

Advanced: Xem v hiu chnh thit lp kt ni chi tit hn

Test Connection: Kim tra vic thit lp kt ni CSDL.


Lu : Ti Microsoft Access Database Engine 2010 Redistributable v ci vo my nu bo li my b thiu driver nh hnh sau:

Link: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=13255


B3. Nhn nt Next qua bc tip theo. Sau chn Select from a list of table and views to choose the data to import. Nhn Next qua bc tip theo.

B4. Chn cc bn cn nhp vo PowerPivot ri nhn nt Finish.

B5. Sau khi ch chng trnh x l nhp liu. Nhn nt Close sau khi hon tt tr v ca s PowerPivot. Kt qu sau khi nhp liu t MS Access nh hnh sau:


Lu : Do CSDL MS Access lu tr di dng mt tp tin trong my tnh. Do vy bn cn cn thn khi di chuyn hay xa CSDL ny, v nh th s lm mt kt ni gia PowerPivot v CSDL Access ny.

CSDL Access c t mt m bo v

i vi CSDL Access 2003 tr v trc (*.mdb) c gn mt m bo v, chng ta c th dng cch sau kt ni:

B1. Trong ca s PowerPivot ngn Home nhp chn Get External Date From Other Source.


B2. Trong hp thoi Table Import Wizard chn kiu Others (OLEDBODBC) ri nhn Next.


B3. Nhp vo Connection String sau: Provider=Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0; Data Source=C:\Sample Databases\Northwind.mdb; Jet OLEDB:Database Password=12345;

(CSDL Accesss 2003 c t mt m khi m l 12345)

B4. Cc bc sau tng t phn trc.


III.5.3. Nhp d liu t Ms Excel bn ngoi

Phn ny, chng ta s thc hnh nhp d liu t mt tp tin Excel khc vo PowerPivot. Cc bc thc hin:


B2. Trong hp thoi Table Import Wizard chn kiu Excel File ri nhn Next.


B3. in thng tin thit lp kt ni nh trong hnh sau:

Friendly connection name: t tn ty chn cho kt ni

Excel File Path: Tm n v chn tp tin d liu Excel

Tch chn Use first row as column headers nu bn mun dngu tin trong cc bng d liu s lm tiu ct.

Advanced: Xem v hiu chnh thit lp kt ni chi tit hn

Test Connection: Kim tra vic thit lp kt ni n tp tin dliu Excel.


B4. Nhn Next qua bc tip theo. Bn chn cc bng cn nhp sang PowerPivot ri nhn Finish


B5. Nhn Close sau khi nhp xong d liu v tr v ca s PowerPivot.

III.5.4. Nhp d liu t tp tin TEXT

Gi s chng ta c mt tp tin d liu nh dng TXT, cha thng tin v danh sch cc cng ty tham gia trn th trng chng khon Vit Nam (xem hnh di). Phn ny chng ta s thc hnh nhp tp tin d liu ny vo PowerPivot.


Cc bc thc hin:


B2. Trong hp thoi Table Import Wizard chn kiu Text File ri nhn Next.


B3. Thit lp cc thng s nh hnh sau:

Friendly connnection name: t tn cho kt ni

File Path: Tm n v chn tp tin d liu TEXT

Column Seperator: Chn kiu phn cch d liu gia cc cttrong tp tin TEXT. y ta chn l Tab (t) do cc ct cchnhau 1 tab.

Chn Use first rows at column headers ly dng du tinlm tiu ct.


B4. Nhn Finish sau khi thit lp xong. Chng trnh s tin hnh nhp d liu vo PowerPivot. Sau khi nhp liu hon tt, bm nt Close tr v ca s PowerPivot.


III.5.5. Nhp d liu t b nh

To nhanh bng d liu trong PowerPivot t 1 bng d liu sao chp t ngun no (Word, Excel, Web,) trong b nh my tnh. Cc bc thc hin:

B1. Sao chp 1 bng d liu vo b nh my tnh.


B2. Trong ca s PowerPivot ngn Home chn Paste

Table Name: t tn cho bng

Chn Use first row as column header ly dng u lm tiu ct.

B3. Bm nt OK hon tt.

III.5.6. Nhp d liu t cc ngun khc

PowerPivot h tr nhp d liu t rt nhiu ngun ph bin hin nay nh: Microsoft SQL Azure, Microsoft SQL Parallel Data Warehouse, Microsoft Analysis Services, Sysbase, IBM DB2, Informix,


III.6. LM MI D LIU V QUN L KT NI DLIU BN NGOI

Khi chng ta dng PowerPivot nhp d liu t ngun bn ngoi vo th PowerPivot s to mt bn sao d liu tnh lu trong n ti thi im nhp d liu.

Ngun d liu bn ngoi ny c th c cp nht sau nhng PowerPivot vn s dng cc d liu nhp vo trc nu chng ta khng thit lp thm cc ty chn v cp nht d liu cho PowerPivot.

III.6.1. Cp nht d liu thu cng

Trong ca s PowerPivot, vo ngn Home chn lnh Refresh:

Refresh: Chn lnh ny th PowerPivot ch nhp li d liu tCSDL ngun bn ngoi cho bng ang chn.

Refresh All: Chn lnh ny s cp nht li ton b cc bngtrong PowerPivot t d liu ngun.


III.6.2. Thit lp t ng lm mi d liu

Nhm m bo d liu trong PowerPivot lun cp nht so vi CSDL ngun bn ngoi. Chng ta nn thit lp nh sau:

B1. Trong tp tin Excel m bn to PowerPivot, vo ngn Data trn thanh Ribbon v chn lnh Connections.

B2. Chn tn kt ni d liu trong hp Workbook Connections.


y ta chn tn kt ni l Access NorthWind ( t trong bi thc hnh trc).

B3. Nhn nt Properties m hp thoi Connection Properties. Trong ngn Usage c vi kiu lm mi d liu nh:

Refresh every X minutes: t thi gian PowerPivot s nhk cp nht d liu mi t ngun CSDL.

Refresh data when opening the file: PowerPivot s t ngcp nht li ton b d liu t CSDL ngun lc bn m tp tin.


Refresh this connection on Refresh All: B ty chn ny nuta mun PowerPivot khng lm mi d liu khi ta nhn ntlnh Refresh All ti:

o Ca s PowerPivot Home Refresh chnRefresh All

o Ti ca s Excel Data Refresh All

o Ti ca s Excel PivotTable Tools Analyze Refresh Refresh All


Lu : Nt lnh Refresh All c nhiu ni, do vy khi lm vic vi CSDL ln th s mt nhiu thi gian cp nht mi CSDL vo PowerPivot.

B4. Nhn nt OK, ri nhn Close hon tt.

III.6.3. Hiu chnh kt ni d liu

i khi chng ta cn hiu chnh li cc thit lp kt ni vi ngun CSDL bn ngoi do d liu ngun b di chuyn, i tn, t li mt m, hay thm bng d liu mi, Cc bc thc hin nh sau:

B1. Trong ca s PowerPivot, chn ngn Home, chn nt Existing Connections.


B2. Chn kt ni cn hiu chnh ri nhn nt:

Edit: hiu chnh thng s kt ni.

Open: Cho php chn nhp thm cc bng d liu mi t kt ni ny.

B3. Cc bc sau thc hin ging nh cc phn trc.

174 | Gii Php Excel

Power View Gii Php Excel | 175

TO DASHBOARD BNG POWER VIEW

Cng c Power View c b sung vo Excel 2013 cho php chng ta to ra mt giao din tng tc tng hp c nhiu thng tin hu ch cho hot ng cua qun l gi nm na l Dashboard. Mt Dashboard c th cha cc th, bng s liu tng hp, bn , slicers,

Yu cu h thng s dng Power View trong Excel: my phi

ci t cc ng dng sau:

Office Professional Plus 2013

Microsoft Silverlight 5 (nu chn lnh Power View b

bo li th bn nn g SilverLight hin c ra v ci li

SilverLight theo link sau:

https://www.microsoft.com/getsilverlight/Get-

Started/Install/Default.aspx

Power View l mt sheet c lu rong tp tin Excel (*.xlsx). Power View s dng ngun d liu trong cc Tables hay Data Model trnh by.

IV.1. ADD-INS POWER VIEW

Trong ca s Excel vo File chn Options chn Add-Ins chn nhm COM Add-ins v nhn nt Go

176 | Gii Php Excel Power View

Chn Power View trong hp thoi COM Add-Ins ri nhn OK.

Khi trong ngng Insert cua Ribbon Excel s c thm nt lnh Power View.

IV.2. TO MT POWERVIEW N GIN

v d ny chng ta s s dng tp tin v d thc hnh phn III.4 lm ngun d liu thc hin mt Power View cc thngtin mt cch trc quan hn. Cc bc thc hin:

B1. M tp tin thc hnh phn III.4 ln, tp tin ny dng PowerPivot to Data Model nhp 3 bng d liu t tp tin CSDL


Access v thm cc Calculated Fields. Xem li cc bng d liu hnh sau:

Bng Customers: thm vo Calculated Field l 1998 vs 1997

Bng Orders: thm vo cc Calculated Field l: Months, Years v MonthName

Bng Orders_Details: thm vo cc ct v Calculated Field l Total Revenue, Total Discount, 1997 Revenue v

1998 Revenue.

(Tp tin d liu mu: PowerPivot_TH6_PowerView1.xlsx)

B2. Vo mn hnh bng tnh Excel chn Insert Power View mt Sheet mi c chn vo v c tn l Power View1 nh sau:


Mn hnh lm vic c chia l 3 phn:

Vng 1 - Canvas: hin th thng tin tng hp nh th, bng biu, bn ,

Vng 2- Filters lc cch hin th thng tin ln vng hin th Canvas.

Vng 3 - Power View Fields: Thm v thit lp d liu cho vng Canvas.

B3. Tip theo chng ta s ko th cc d liu trong cc vng sao cho t c mc tiu thit k Dashboard nh mong mun. y chng ta s ko CompanyName t bng Customers vo Fields trong vng 3, ta s c nh hnh sau:

t tn cho vng 1 l: Doanh thu nhm theo nc khch hng.


B4. Ko Country t bng Customers vo TILE BY, vng 1 ta c nh hnh sau:

Chng ta c th chnh sa khung hin th bng cch dng chut ko th cc gc v cnh cua n sao cho c nh hnh sau:


B5. Chn vng CompanyName trong vng 1, sau ko tip cc field 1997 Revenue, 1998 Revenue t bng Orders_Details v ko 1998 vs 1997 t bng Customers vo Fields cua Vng 3 nm bn di CompanyName nh hnh sau:

B6. Vn chn vng CompanyName vo ngn Design trn Ribbon chn Bar Chart chn kiu Clustered Bar, ta c th sau:


B7. hin th bn biu din v tr tn City ni t cc cng ty cc quc gia bn cnh th doanh s bn hng ta chn khung bao cua Country khi bn vng 3 s c hnh nh sau:


Tip theo ta ko field City t bng Customers vo Fields cua vng 3, ta c kt qu sau:

B8. Sau khi chnh sa m rng vng hin th bn ln hn cho d quan st, bn vo ngn Design chn lnh Map v ch chng trnh ti bn v v hin th cc chm biu th cc City ni t Cng ty.

Ni hin th

bn


Bn c th chn khu vc hin th thng tin trong vng 1, sau qua vng 2 lc bt thng tin hin th nu cn.


By gi ta c th nhp chut v tn nc xem thng tin cc Cng ty v doanh s cua tng cng ty qua cc nm di dng th v bn mt cch sinh ng.

Bng cng c ny, chng ta c th sng to ra rt nhiu kiu Dashboard khc nhau da trn CSDL cua doanh nghip nhm gip nh qun l c c ci nhn trc quan v d hiu hn v cc s liu thng k n iu.

thay i mt s ty chn cho Map bn chn Map ri vo ngn Layout chn cc lnh nh thm hin th Tn Thnh ph, i kiu th,


Bn c th thay i v mu sc, font ch, hnh nn, cho Power View ti ngn Power View nhm lnh Themes.

IV.3. POWER VIEW VI KIU HIN TH A CP

Trong phn ny chng ta s th to mt Power View vi kiu hin th thng tin a cp v cc th c quan h vi nhau. Power View ny gm 2 th (xem hnh bn di):

th trn: th ct hin th thng tin tng tt c doanh s v chit khu i vi khch hng thuc cc quc gia (bao gm d liu cua 3 nm 1996, 1997 v 1998).


th di: th ct hin th thng tin tng doanh s v chit khu nhng c phn cp xem theo nm, theo thng.

Yu cu thit k Power View:

Khi bn nhp chut vo mt ct tn nc th trn (v d nh l Germany), chng trnh s trnh by s liu chi tit cua nc th di c phn loi thng tin theo nm.

Khi bn nhn chut 2 ln vo mt ct nm th bn di (v d nh nm 1997) th th bn di s hin th s liu thng k chi tit theo Thng cua nm.


Khi bn nhp chut vo ct nm (v d nm 1997) th di th th trn s v li theo s liu cua nm ta chn.

Cac bc thc hin:

Bn dng tip tp tin d liu thc hnh phn trc.


B1. T ca s Excel Insert Power View chn mt Sheet Power View mi.

B2. By gi chng ta s to th bn trn: Ko v th cc field Country t Customers, Total Revenue v Total Discount t Orders_Details vo Fields vng 3 (xem hnh).


B3. Chn khu vc d liu mi xut hin trong vng 1 ri vo Design chn Column Chart chn Clustered Column v thnh th nhm ct.

Hiu chnh th, t ta Dashboard nh hnh di:

B4. Tip theo ta v th bn di: Ko cc field Total Revenue v Total Discount t bng Orders_Details vo Fields trong vng 3 ta c nh hnh sau:


B5. Chuyn khu vc d liu mi trong vng 1 thnh th ct nh cch lm bc 3 v chnh sa li ta c nh hnh sau:

B6. Ko thm field Years v MonthName t bng Orders vo vng Axis vng 3 ta c:


th bn di khi c 2 lp l thng k tng doanh thu, chit khu nhm theo Years v theo MonthName.

Mun xem thng tin th lp di (theo thng) th ta nhn chut 2 ln vo ct nm cn xem.

Mun xem thng tin th lp trn (nm) th ta nhn nt Drill Up nh hnh bn di.


B7. Ko field Country t bng Customers vo Tile By trong vng 3 th d theo di hn khi ta nhp chn tn mt nc th trn.

B8. Thm nhn cho cc ct trong th ta vo Layout Data Labels chn Outline End.


IV.4. MAP TRONG POWER VIEW

Phn ny chng ta s thc tp ng dng Map, Slicer, trong Power View.

Yu cu cc thnh phn cua Dashboard:

Mt bn vi cc th trn biu din tng doanh s bn chia theo nc v theo nm.

Khi bm vo Slicer (nc) bn tri th bn ch cn hin th thng tin cua nc .

Khi bm vo xem thng tin mt nm c th no trn bn th th th ct doanh thu theo thng bn di cp nht theo.

Cac bc thc hin:

Bn dng tip tp tin d liu thc hnh phn trc.

B1. T ca s Excel Insert Power View chn mt Sheet Power View mi.


B2. Trc tin chng ta s v cc th trn th hin tng doanh s bn theo cc nm theo v tr cc thnh ph (ni t cng ty cua khch hng) trn nn bn Bing. Ko field City t bng Customers vo vng Fields cua vng 3.

Sau vo ngn Design chn Map iu chnh vng hin th Map v t tn cho Dashboard ta c nh hnh sau:

Cc chm xanh trn nn bn th gii th hin v tr cua cc City c cng ty khch hng.


B3. Ko field Total Revenue t bng Orders_Details vo Size trong vng 3 v th tng doanh thu t City . Kch thc cua cc chm thanh to hay nh ty thuc vo doanh thu. Doanh thu cng ln th hnh trn cng to.

B4. th hin doanh thu cua tng City theo cc nm, ta ko field Years t bng Orders vo Color vng 3. Khi th trn s c 3 mu tng ng doanh thu cua 3 nm khc nhau.


B5. d dng quan st th, ta c th to mt Slicer theo tn nc mi khi chn mt nc no th th ch hin th ring thng tin cua nc . Bn ko field

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