UNIT 10: Evolution Biology I DAYSHEET 105: Unit 10 Review & Summative Evolution Assessment Name _____________________________________ Date: __________

Bellringer: Evidence for Evolution Review & Practice Questions Directions: Use your reading and test-taking strategies to answer to questions below. Scientists have three specific areas of focus that provide evidence for evolution:

1. Fossils 2. Anatomy 3. Biochemistry

Fossils: Fossils are the preserved remains or imprints of an organism that lived long ago. The fossil records of animals show a pattern of development from early ancestors to modern descendants. Much like the pattern of development leading to the modern day horse below: Scientists can also use layers of undisturbed rock to determine the relative age of fossilize organisms. Fossils found in undisturbed rock layers are oldest at the bottom of the column and youngest at the top. Additionally, fossil organisms are simplest at the bottom and increase in complexity toward the top of the column.

• What are fossils? _________________________________________________________ Based on the information provided in the previous paragraph, determine the relative ages of each fossilized organism in the picture below:

1. Can you determine the relative age of the three organisms above? ______

2. Which organism is the oldest? __________________________________

3. Which organism is the youngest? ________________________________

Anatomy: Many vertebrates (organisms with a backbone-like you!) share similarities during embryonic development because they have common ancestors. Embryos are the earliest stage of growth and development in both plants and animals.

• What are embryos? _______________________________________________________

Because embryonic stages of development can be similar in many different species, we can use embryology to determine how closely related different species are to one another. Although the shark, lizard, chicken, pig, and human are not identical to one another, their embryonic cells have the same order of development, shape, and tissue structure.

• How can scientists use embryology to support evolution? _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________

SOL Break: The embryonic development among the different organisms shown below is evidence of –

a. Coevolution b. Analogous structures c. Vestigial structures d. Common ancestry

Eventually embryonic similarities can give rise to HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES. Let’s do a little prefix review.

§ What does the term “homozygous” mean? ______________________________

§ What does the prefix “homo” mean? ___________________________________ We can apply the same prefix meaning to the word homologous. Homologous Structures are structures on living things that have a common origin but not necessarily a common function. Homologous structures look similar to one another. This provides strong evidence that vertebrates all descended from a common ancestor.

Let’s look at the examples below.

• What are homologous structures? ___________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

• Although the human, horse, cat, bat, bird, and whale forelimbs have different functions, their parts are basic structure are similar. What does this suggest about the ancestry of all these organisms? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Analogous Structures, on the other hand, are different structures that perform similar functions. Environmental pressures causes organisms that are not closely related to develop structures to perform similar functions. This means that analogous structures do not demonstrate common ancestry!!! Take a look at the insect, bat, and bird wings below. They all have the same function (flight), but evolved from totally different structures.

• What type of structures demonstrates a shared common ancestor? _____________________ • What types of structures demonstrate no common ancestry? __________________________

Vestigial Structures: Many organisms also have vestigial structures, features that don’t serve a purpose in an organism’s body but are homologous to structures possessed by another organism. • Can you think of any vestigial structures found inside of you?

_______________________________________________________________

Some species of whales and snakes show vestigial remnants of their ancestors’ hind limbs.

• What do these vestigial structures suggest about the ancestors of whales and snakes?

_______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ SOL Break: Comparative anatomy provides evidence to support the theory of evolution. The examples shown below suggest a shared ancestry with other animals. What are they called?

a. Vestigial structures b. Redundant structures c. Analogous structures d. Homologous structures

The blue whale has two tiny femurs (thigh bones) embedded deep within its body. these thigh bones appear to serve no useful purpose for the blue whale. The femurs of a blue whale are a type of

a. Vestigial structure b. Redundant structure c. Analogous structure d. Homologous structure

In cephalopods (such as squid and octopuses), eyes develop from skin, and the lens is a crystalline secretion of the skin cells. In vertebrates, the eyes develop from the brain, and the lens is cellular. The yes of all these organisms are examples of -

a. Vestigial structures b. Redundant structures c. Analogous structures d. Homologous structures

Biochemistry: Biological molecules also provide evidence for evolution. Comparisons of DNA and RNA of different species produce biochemical evidence for evolution. The more closely related two species are, the greater the similarity in genetic sequence. • What are the three pieces of evidence used to support evolution?

______________________________________________________________

Activity 1: Evolution Station Review Activity 2: QuizStar Summative Evolution Assessment Activity 3: Introduction to the Six Kingdoms of Life Directions:  Type  in  the  following  link  into  your  web  browser:  

http://tinyurl.com/chco5zv

Use  the  information  found  on  this  site  to  answer  the  following  questions  about  organisms  in  the  six  kingdoms  of  life.  

1. List  the  six  kingdoms  of  life:    

2. What  criteria  are  used  to  place  organisms  into  their  appropriate  kingdom  of  life?    

3. List  three  characteristics  of  all  organism  that  are  placed  in  Kingdom  Plantae:    

4. What  is  an  autotroph?    Give  one  example  of  an  autotroph.    

5. List  2  characteristics  of  all  organisms  that  are  placed  in  Kingdom  Animalia:    

6. What  are  heterotrophs?    Give  one  example  of  a  heterotroph.    

7. What  are  the  two  kingdoms  that  prokaryotes  can  be  placed  in?    

8. Where  are  archaebacteria  found?    

9. Which  kingdom  of  bacteria  causes  sickness  in  humans?    

10.  List  2  characteristics  of  the  Kingdom  Fungi:    

11. How  do  plants  and  fungi  differ  from  one  another?    

12. List  2  characteristics  of  the  Kingdom  Protista.    Give  two  examples  of  a  protist.    

13. What  do  plants  and  protists  have  in  common?    

14. What  do  fungi  and  animals  have  in  common?  

HW 105: SOL Review Biology I Name: _____________________ Date:______________________

1. Write  what  each  portion  of  the  chemical  formula  of  cellular  respiration  represents  below:  (Word      Bank-­‐  Oxygen,  Glucose,  Carbon  Dioxide,  Water,  ATP)    

C6H12O6  +  6O2  à  6CO2  +  6H2O  +  Energy    ___________                        _________                  __________                _________                    __________    

2. Write  what  each  portion  of  the  chemical  formula  of  photosynthesis  represents  below:  (Word  Bank:  Energy,  Oxygen,  Glucose,  Carbon  Dioxide,  Water)    

6CO2  +  6H2O  +  Light  à  C6H12O6  +  6O2    ___________          _________                  __________                          ____________                    ________

             Examine  the  diagram  below,  and  then  circle  the  best  answer  for  questions  4-­‐6.  

3. What  macromolecule  did  the  energy  come  from  to  power  the  formation  of  ATP  in  the  diagram  above?  

a.  Proteins     b.  Nucleic  Acids     c.  Lipids     d.  Carbohydrates    

4. The  ATP  in  the  diagram  above  was  created  in  the  ___________________.    

a.  Mitochondria     b.  Chloroplast     c.  Golgi  Apparatus     d.  Nucleus     Transports

substances into the cell

Uses proteins

Uses energy

Transports substances from a HIGHER to LOWER concentration

Transports substances from LOWER to HIGHER concentration

Transports water

Diffusion

Osmosis

Facilitated Diffusion

Active Transport

 

Cell Organelles Graphic Organizer: Use your notes to complete the chart below.

Cell Organelle

Structure Function Prokaryotes?

Plants? Animals?

Ribosome

Chloroplast

Mitochondri

on

Endoplasmic

Reticulum (ER)

Golgi Body/ Apparatus