drugs & their effects on the cns
TRANSCRIPT
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Drugs & their effects on the CNShttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nl5gBJGnaXs
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Name some drugs…
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What ARE Drugs?????
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Drug Definition
• Any substance that alters mental functioning and whose use can lead to abuse or dependence.
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Did you know: Caffeine
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Did you know
• Marijuana has over 200 nicknames• Bart Simpson – street name for LSD/Acid• One in ten people who drink become alcoholics• 40% of the US population has tried marijuana• Students spend $5.5 billion on alcohol• Ingredients in Coca Cola(long time ago) was a liquid
extract of the coca leaf and did in fact contain cocaine
• It would take 800 joints to kill a person—but the cause of death would be carbon monoxide poisoning
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3 Types of Substance Using Behaviour
1. Recreational use:using drugs in a way that does not lead to any health complications or behavioural problems
2. Substance abuse:using drugs in a way that may cause physical, emotional, psychological, or social harm to users or those around them
3. Substance dependence:can be sudden or gradual, when someone can no longer stop using a substance without experiencing physical or psychological suffering
2 types: physical and/or psychological
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YOUR BRAIN ON DRUGS....How do drugs work?
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Drugs: Neurons & Synapses
• Recall: For one neuron to send an electrical impulse to another, it secretes a chemical messenger called a neurotransmitter (NT) (ex: dopamine) into a gap (synaptic cleft) between it and the next neuron
It is on this process that drugs act:
1. Some drugs imitate natural NTs• Morphine, nicotine, etc.
2. Some increase the secretion of natural NTs• Cocaine, ecstasy, etc.
3. Some block the effect of natural NTs• Alcohol
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Check these out
• Cocaine and the Brain
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00dbt6c
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Stimulants and Depressants
– Stimulates neurons (causes increase in electrical activity)
• Caffeine • Ecstasy• Cocaine• Nicotine
– Depresses neurons (causes decrease in electrical activity)
• Alcohol• Xanax® and Valium® for people with anxiety• Narcotics (opium, morphine, codeine, heroin)
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Stimulants
– Symptoms of cocaine use:• euphoria (exaggerated feeling of well-being) • dilated pupils • rapid heart rate • restlessness and hyperactivity
– Symptoms of cocaine withdrawal:• fatigue and malaise • depression • vivid and unpleasant dreams
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Depressants
• CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DEPRESSANTS – Symptoms of alcohol use:
• slurred speech • lack of coordination • decreased attention span • impaired judgment
– Symptoms of alcohol withdrawal:• anxiety • tremors • seizures • increase in blood pressure, pulse, and temperature • delirium
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Marijuana (pot, weed, ganja…)
• The active ingredient in marijuana is THC• THC produces euphoria and a mild disorientation. • Vivid sensation, and perception of time may be distorted.• THC affects three key brain functions:
– Memory: Pot disrupts short-term memory– Motor skills: slow reaction time = serious problems for
inexperienced teen drivers. – Thought: Higher-order thinking skills affected,
including calculation skills and the ability to follow complex instructions.
• These effects last several hours, although some subtle changes can linger into the next day.
• Other short-term effects include increased appetite and heart rate, and reddening of the eyes.
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• Research often changes but some long-term effects known are:– Heart/Lungs
• It could pose a risk to people with heart problems or hypertension. Long-term pot smokers could be subject to many of the same smoking-related diseases as cigarette smokers.
– Hormones • Marijuana lowers levels of sex hormones in both
sexes. In adolescents, could affect sexual maturation– Brain
• Research shows that marijuana can interfere with the process by which short-term memories are encoded and stored in the brain. And even though such impairment seems to be reversible, its effects on school grades definitely isn't.
Marijuana (pot, weed, ganja…)
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Drugs: Short & LONG term changes
• Alcohol, methamphetamine (meth), and MDMA (Ecstasy) can kill neurons.– Unlike other types of cells in the body,
neurons in many parts of the brain have little or no capability to regenerate.
– Alcohol kills neurons in the part of the brain that helps create new memories. If those neurons die, the capability for learning decreases.