drug statistics alcohol and drugs are the leading cause of death for youth 16-24. 45-60% of all...

Drug StatisticsAlcohol and drugs are the leading cause of

death for youth 16-24.45-60% of all fatal traffic accidents involve

alcohol.80% of all attempted suicides and 60% of

completed suicides are related to alcohol, drug use.

For youth, the time required to move from initial use to serious, chronic abuse of alcohol is 15 years.

Drug Stats cont’dDrug, alcohol dependence develops 10-15

times faster in youth.Alcohol and/or drugs play a role in:

70 out of 100 murders50 out of 100 arrests50 out of 100 drownings

Note: What is a drug?A drug is anything other than food or

water that when put into the body changes the way the body or mind works. This definition includes medicines, over-the-counter drugs, illegal drugs, alcohol, nicotine, food preservatives, many industrial chemicals and pollutants.

Note: Common Methods of Taking DrugsThere are many different kinds of drugs which

can be taken into the body in a number of ways:INGEST – to take orally eg)pillsINHALE – to breathe in through the nose/mouth

eg) nicotineINJECT – to insert into the bloodstream (the most

direct eg) insulinABSORB – to take in through tissue walls eg)

ointment

Methods of taking drugs

Inhaling

Injection

Snorting

Note: Dependence/TolerancePhysical DependenceWhen a drug user’s body becomes accustomed to a

drug that it can only function normally if the drug is present. ( suffers withdrawal symptoms if drug not present)

Psychological DependenceWhen a drug is so central to a person’s thoughts,

emotions, etc, that it is extremely difficult to stop using it (intense craving for the drug and its effects)

ToleranceA user needs more and more of the drug to get the

same effect over time. (increases physical health hazards because amount increases)

Note: DrugsDrug MisuseFor most medical drugs there is a proper use.Misuse occurs when the drug is taken:

- for the wrong reason-in the wrong amount- at an inappropriate time-in an inappropriate place

Note: DrugsDrug AbuseA person who spends a great deal of time

thinking about and using drugs.May cause problems such as missing school,

having accidents, etc.

OverdoseA dose that can cause serious and sudden

physical or mental damage.May or may not be fatal depending on drug.

Dear AbbyDear Abby: I recently read the following item,

comparing the top seven problems – past and present – confronting our schools, and thought you might like to print it.

Top Problems in 19491.Talking2.Chewing gum3.Making noise4.Running in the halls5.Getting out of line6.Wearing improper clothing7.Not putting paper in the wastebaskets

Top Problems Today1. Drug abuse2. Alcohol abuse3. Pregnancy4. Suicide5. Rape6. Robbery7. Assault

Note: 3 Categories of DrugsStimulantsSpeed up nervous systemFeel more alert and activeIncrease heart rate, blood pressure and

respiration rateIncludes caffeine, amphetamines, cocaine,

nicotine

Stimulants

Cocaine

Caffeine

Nicotine

Note: DepressantsDepressantsSedativeSlow body functionsRelax muscles, relieves stressSlows heart rate, blood pressure, respirationIncludes alcohol, LSD, cannabis, opioids

Depressants

Alcohol

LSD

Amphetamines

Note: HallucinogensHallucinogensDrugs that produce imaginary visionsIncludes LSD, cannabis, PCP. Magic

mushrooms

LSD

Cannabis

Note: The Effects of a Drug Problem on a Person’s Life1 2 3

HEALTH FAMILY WORK

-malnourished-overweight-vitamin deficiency-liver or heart disease-General physical ill health

-arguments, fighting-lack of affection-neglect-broken home

-late-absent-sloppiness-accidents

4 5 6

SOCIAL MONEY LEGAL

-loss of friendsUsing drugs alone at home

-using money for drugs instead of food/clothes, debts

-driving while under the influence of drugs-being drunk in a public place-fighting, vandalism

Reasons for Using and Not Using DrugsBrainstorm with a partner

Reasons for Using DrugsTo increase pleasureBecause they like the way they tasteThey like the way they feel after using drugsCuriosityCelebrationForget problemsFamily customTo socializeFriends use drugsBoredom

Reasons for Not Using DrugsBecause they think using drugs is wrongReligion forbids useDon’t like tasteBelieve drugs will damage healthCostDon’t like the feeling drugs give themPositive peer pressureFamily normsCommunity norms

Note: Date Rape DrugsWhat are date rape drugs?These are drugs that are sometimes used to

assist a sexual assault. These drugs often have no colour or smell.

What do the drugs look like?Rohypnol is a pill and dissolves in liquids. New

pills turn blue when added to liquids. However, the old pills have no colour and are still available. GHB is a clear, colourless liquid.

Rohypnol

What effects do these drugs have on the body?Memory lossLow blood pressureSleepinessLess muscle controlDrunk feeling

GHB

How can I protect myself from being a victim?Never leave your drink unattendedDon’t share drinksHave a non-drinking friend with youDon’t accept drinks from anyoneUse a bottle instead of a glass

Test Your Smoking IQ1. The nicotine in cigarettes causes cancer. ___2. The tar in ciagarettes causes addiction. ___3. Cigarette smoking can lead to heart disease. ___4. Over 1000 people die each day from smoking.

___5. It is safe to smoke filtered cigarettes.___6. Chewing tobacco contains less nicotine than

cigarettes.___7. Being in a smoke filled room for one hour is the

same as smoking one cigarette. ___

8. Being in a smoke filled room for one hour is the same as smoking one cigarette. ___

9. A woman who smokes during pregnancy can harm the fetus. ___

10. Polonium is a radioactive element found in cigarette smoke. ___

11. Smoking pipes can cigars is a great deal less dangerous then smoking cigarettes. ___

What’s in a cigarette

Did you know?Smoking increases by grade from 1% in 7th gr to

17% in 12th gradersIt is illegal to give or sell tobacco to anyone

under 19Tobacco is responsible for about 1/3rd of cancers5% of Ottawa students smoked their first

cigarette in Gr 7 or 8Another 12% smoked their first one in high

schoolRemaining 83% have never smoked

Handout: Health Benefits of Quitting SmokingWithin 20 minutes of last cigarette: Bp may drop to normal levels Pulse rate drops to normal rate Body temp of hands, feet increases to normal

8 hours: Carbon monoxide level in blood drops Oxygen level in blood increases

24 hours: Nerve endings may re-grow Ability to smell and taste enhanced

72 hours: Bronchial tubes relax, if undamaged make breathing easier Lung capacity increases

2 weeks to 3 months:Circulation improvesWalking becomes easierLung function may increase up to 20%

1 month to 9 monthsCoughing, sinus congestion, fatigue, shortness of breath

may decrease markedly over a number of weeksPotential for cilia to re-grow in lungs, increasing ability to

handle mucous, clean the lungs and reduce infection

1 Year:The risk of heart disease is reduced by half. After 15 years,

the risk is similar to that of persons who have never smoked.

2 Years: Cervical cancer risk reduced compared to continuing smokers Bladder cancer risk halved to continuing smokers

5 Years: Lung cancer death rate average smoker (one pack a day)

decreases from 137 per 100 000 to 72 per 100 000. 5 to 15 years after quitting, stroke risk is reduced to that of

someone who has never smoked.

10 Years and Longer: Precancerous cells are replaced Risk of other cancers decrease After long term quitting the risk of death from lung disease is

reduced compared to someone who continues to smoke.

Cancer of the lung

Note: Drug Use ContinuumThere is no automatic progression from stage

to stagePatterns of use can be influenced by many

environmental factors (eg. Family, peers, media, and peer influence)

Note: Non-useNever used a particular drug

Note: Experimental UseHas tried a substance once or several times.

Use is motivated by curiosity about the drug effect, and peer influence.

Note: Occasional UseUse is infrequent and irregular, usually

confined to special occasions (holidays, birthdays, etc) or when opportunities present themselves directly. Availability, accessibility and affordability influence use.

Note: Regular UseUse has a predictable pattern, which may

entail frequent or infrequent use. The user actively seeks to experience the drug effect, or to participate in the drug-taking activities of the peer group. Usually he/she feels in control of the drug use.

Note: Dependence UseUse is regular and predictable and usually

frequent. The user experiences a physiological and/or psychological need for the drug. He or she feels out of control about its use and will continue to use despite adverse consequences. Drugs are often used alone and daily activities may be planned around drug use.

Trevor’s StoryRead the article “Trevor’s Story” and answer

the following questions on a separate piece of paper.

CannabisCannabis is the most commonly used illicit drug

among Ottawa youthMore students report trying cannabis (23%) than

cigarettes (18%) at least once in the past year.Cannabis smoke contains more tar and more of

some cancer-causing chemicals than tobacco smokeEarly use increases the risk of schizophrenia as

young brains are still developing and more susceptible.

Results show Cannabis is used by ¼ of Ottawa youth

CannabisDESCRIPTION -dried leaves, stems and seeds of

cannabis plant-smoked in piped or joints

COMMON NAMES -marijuana, hashish, hash, pot, mary jane, weed, grass

SHORT TERM EFFECTS

-get a high feeling, become relaxed and more talkative-hr, bp rise, eyes blood shot, sleepy, memory and concentration impaired, hallucinate

LONG TERM EFFECTS

-lose interest in activities, ability to learn new things decreased, get infections more often

LEGAL STATUS/CONSEQUENCES

-buying, selling, using illegal unless special permission from court for medical use.

Cannabis

AlcoholAlcohol is the most commonly used drugAbout 24% of Ottawa students report binge

drinking (5 or more drinks on one occasion) in the past month

12% of drivers in high school drove within an hour of consuming 2 or more alcoholic drinks at least once during the past year.

30% of students were passengers with an intoxicated driver in the past year and knowingly got in the car.

AlcoholDESCRIPTION -most common drug, depressant that

slows down CNS, made through fermenting fruit/grains

COMMON NAMES -beer, wine, spirits, booze, brew

SHORT TERM EFFECTS

-at first relaxed and actions inhibited, can’t think clearly, reflexes slow, mood changes, concerns of binge drinking or alcohol poisoning

LONG TERM EFFECTS

-inflamed stomach, liver problems, cancers, heart disease, brain and nerve damage, FES in pregnant women


-legal in ontario if over 19

Alcohol

TobaccoDESCRIPTION Crushed, dried leaves of tobacco plant

-second most popular drug

COMMON NAMES Cigarettes, smokes, sticks, butts

SHORT TERM EFFECTS

-hr and bp rise, skin cooler, stomach acid rises, appetite decreases, less capable of vigorous activity

LONG TERM EFFECTS

-blood vessels narrow, respiratory problems, cancers, stomach ulcers, risk of infections rise


-no penalty for smoking under 19, illegal to sell to someone if under 19, illegal on school property

Tobacco

OpiatesDESCRIPTION -natural substances

-used for the relief of pain-heroin is morphine that has been manipulated

COMMON NAMES -junk, horse, smack, meth, percs, juice

SHORT TERM EFFECTS

-initial surge of pleasure, restlesness, nausea, vomiting, in an out of consciousness, pupils contract, skin cold, respiratory problems, high risk of overdose

LONG TERM EFFECTS

-infections, respiratory problems, dependence


-some legal with a prescription for medical reasons only, all other uses illegal

Opiates

Solvents/AerosolesDESCRIPTION -substances never intended to be drugs

-made by chemical industries to be used in products such as gas, shoe polish, hairspray, removers

COMMON NAMES -glue, gas, sniff

SHORT TERM EFFECTS

-feelings of euphoria, lightheaded, nausea, drooling, loss of co-ordination, brain damage, death

LONG TERM EFFECTS

-pallor, weight loss, sores, liver and kidney impairment, mental confusion, depression, paranoia, brain damage


-possession is legal

Solvents/Aerosoles

CaffeineDESCRIPTION -comes from plants, includes coffee, tea,

cocoa

COMMON NAMES -none

SHORT TERM EFFECTS

-elevates mood, reduces fatigue, large doses cause irritability, restless, nervous, insomnia, increases hr, bp, urine production

LONG TERM EFFECTS

-large doses may cause insomnia, restlessness, muscle twitching, irregular heart beat


Legal-restricted under IOC – considered performance enhancing drug

Caffeine

CocaineDESCRIPTION -stimulates CNS

-can be snorted, sniffed, injected, smoked-crack –freebase form of drug that is smoked-cocaine is a fine white powder

COMMON NAMES C, coke, flake, snow, blow, rock, ice

SHORT TERM EFFECTS

-decreased appetite, more energy, not tired, hr and bp increase, breathing increases, great risk of stroke, heart attack, pupils enlarge, bizarre behaviour, paranoia

LONG TERM EFFECTS

-nose tissue damage, undernourished, tolerance increases, risk of HIV, infections, paranoia


-illegal

Cocaine

RohypnolDESCRIPTION -sedative, date rape drug, tablets that

dissolve in liquid

COMMON NAMES -date rape drug, roofies, roachies, forget pill, ropes

SHORT TERM EFFECTS

-depends on amount taken, relaxed, drowsy, clumsy, slurred speech, weak, confusion, periods of blackout for 8-24 hours

LONG TERM EFFECTS

-long term use can cause dependence


-no legal in Canada

Rohypnol

Magic Mushrooms

COMMON NAMES-shroomsSHORT TERM EFFECTS-decreased appetite, cold in extremities,

increased hr and bp, nausea, hallucinationsLONG TERM EFFECTS-not toxic but a bad trip can cause severe

emotional and psychological distressLEGAL STATUSIllegal for recreational use

MethamphetamineDESCRIPTION- Looks like pieces of broken glass or white powderCOMMON NAMES-crystal meth, speed, chalkSHORT TERM EFFECTS-euphoria, increased energy, nausea, sweating, loss of

appetite, insomnia, agitationLONG TERM EFFECTS-long term use can cause dependence, weight loss, tooth

decay, brain damage, “insects on skin” (compulsive picking at skin)

LEGAL STATUSIllegal

Problem Solving Approach – I.D.E.A.LI – Identify the real problemD – Describe or list all the possible solutions

(every problem involves many situations)E – Evaluate the consequences of each solution

– would it be good or bad?A – Act on a plan, choose one solution for

yourself to tryL – Learn – Did that solution or idea help? Why

not? What might work better next time?

Case Study – Use IDEALThe principal of your high school speaks to

your class regarding a classmate who has been hospitalized for a near-fatal overdose. The school staff and the class mate’s parents are worried that if the person trafficking the drugs isn’t caught , someone else could suffer the same fate. It is suggested that all the information can be reported anonymously. You are aware of a classmate with whom you are friends, who sells these drugs. What should you do?

IDEAL cont’d I –

D – a) b) c)

Pro ConE – a)

b) c)

A –

L -

Note: Comparison of Assertive, Aggressive, Non-Assertive CommunicationASSERTIVE AGGRESSIVE NON-ASSERTIVE

Strong & steady voice

Loud & explosive voice

Soft, uncertain voice

Good eye contact Intimidating looks Downcast eyes

Strong body language Intimidating body language

Shifting weight back & forth

Aware of other feelings

Insensitive Doesn’t feel comfortable talking about how he/she feels

Confident Demanding Nervous

In control Cannot control temper

Uncertain

This is what I think This is what I want My thoughts aren’t impt

“I” statements “You’d better” If you don’t then look out

“ I guess, maybe”

Types of Pressure - NotePeer Pressure Persuasive strategies commonly used to pressure individuals into doing something they really don’t want to do.

NoteSubtle/Indirect PressureSeeing others use substances (i.e. friends,

family, TV) creates subtle pressure. “If it’s okay for them, it must be okay for me”

Eg) Your friend is talking on the phone, organizing a party. You hear her say, “Oh, buy some beer for Jen as well, I’m sure she’ll be drinking too”

NoteDirect PressureBeing offered a substance or being asked if

you would like to use a substance.

Eg) You are standing by your locker, about to go to your next class. Your best friend tells you, “Grab your stuff and let’s go! We’re skipping!”

NoteInternal PressureYour thoughts, values, and perceived societal

expectations which may affect behaviour

External PressurePressures from your external environment,

including friends, family, media, work, etc. which may affect your behaviour.

Handout: Refusal TechniquesThere are many different ways to say “no” to

peer pressure. Some of these techniques are:

Refusal Techniques-handout1. No Thanks technique2. Give a reason or excuse3. Broken Record4. Walk away5. Avoid the situation6. Cold Shoulder7. Change the subject8. Strength in numbers9. Humour10. State a health problem11. Reverse the pressure

drug statistics alcohol and drugs are the leading cause of death for youth 16-24. 45-60% of all...

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