Drug Endangered Childrenand Drug Identification

What is a drug endangered child?A child who lives in a place with no heat A child who smokes pot with his parentsA child left alone with no supervisionA child in need of medical attention

Drug Endangered Children Children who suffer physical or psychological harm or neglect resulting from exposure to an environment where adults are manufacturing, selling, or using drugs.

Neglected & Abused Children50% more likely to be arrested as juveniles40% more likely to be arrested for a violent crime as adults33% more likely to become substance abusersUS Department of Justice

Drugs of Abuse

Most Commonly Abused DrugLegal Drug

Commonly Abused DrugsMarijuana

Commonly Abused DrugsMethamphetamine

Commonly Abused DrugsPrescription Drugs

Commonly Abused DrugsCocaine

Drugs Of AbuseHeroin

Drugs Of AbuseMDMA (Ecstasy)

Drugs Of AbuseGHB

Drugs Of AbuseLSD

Drugs Of AbuseInhalants

Drugs Of Abuse

Dextromathorithan

Drugs of Abuse

Fentanyl

Drug SchedulesSchedule IHeroin, Ecstasy, Marijuana , LSD, Rohypnol

Schedule IICocaine, Ritalin, PCP, Fentanyl, OxyContin, Percocet, Morphine, Methamphetamine

Schedule IIIKetamine, Vicodine, Loritab, Tylenol 3

Schedule IVXanax, Librium, Valium, Phenobarbital, Darvocet

Schedule VCough suppressants

MarijuanaThe most commonly abused illicit drug in the U.S.A dry, shredded green/brown mix of flowers, stems, seeds, and leaves.Is a schedule I drug under the controlled substance act.Smuggled in from Mexico and Canada.Domestically grown.

Grass, Pot, Weed, Bud, Reefer, Cannabis

MarijuanaShort term effects

Increased heart rateLoss of coordinationDifficulty in thinking and problem solvingDistorted perceptionTime passes slowlyAnxiety and panic attacksDry mouth

Long term effects

Respiratory problems (cough and phlegm)Symptoms of chronic bronchitisDifficulty in registering, processing and using informationDifficulty sustaining attention

What to look for . . .

Prescription Drug Abuse

The DEA calls this pharmaceutical diversion

20% of the U.S. population have used prescription drugs for non-medical reasons in their lifetime.How is it done?Illegal sale and distribution by health care professionals and workerDoctor shoppingEmployee theftForged prescriptionsInternet

Three classes of most commonly abused prescription drugsOpioids are prescribed to treat pain (OxyContin)

CNS depressants are prescribed to treat anxiety and sleep disorders (Valium)

Stimulants are prescribed to treat narcolepsy and ADHD (Ritalin)

Prescription Drug Abuse

What are the brand names of some of these drugs?

Pharm PartyAt a pharm party, teens share and mix various prescription medications, especially painkillers (OxyContin and Vicodin); tranquilizers (Xanax and Valium), stimulants (Ritalin and adderall); and sedatives.

Alcohol is often added to the cocktail, increasing the danger.

What to look for . . . .Constricted pupils, slurred speech, flushed skin, sweating, and loss of appetitePersonality changes, moods swings, irritability, sleepiness or avoiding sleep, forgetfulnessIncreasingly secretive, losing interest in personal appearance, changes at school

CocaineCocaine is a naturally derived central nervous system stimulant extracted and refined from the Coca plant

It is an intense euphoric drug with strong addictive potential

Cocaine is typically a white-ish powder with a bitter, numbing taste.

Is a schedule II drug under the Controlled Substances Act of 1970.

Coke, Flake, Snow, Crack, Nose Candy

CocaineThe powdered, hydrochloride salt form of cocaine can be snorted or dissolved in water and injected.

Crack is the free base form of cocaine. It is not water soluble, but volatile. This form comes in a rock crystal that can be heated and its vapors smoked.

CocaineInitial effects:HyperactivityRestlessnessIncreased blood pressureIncreased heart rate

Short term effects:Increased focusExcitation EuphoriaSexual arousalInsomniaDecreased appetite

Negative effects:Increased body temperature and heart rateAgitation and anxietyParanoiaDizzinessNausea/vomitingViolent behaviorIncreased risk for heart attacksStrokesRespiratory problems

What to look for . . .

HeroinHeroin is processed from morphine, a naturally occurring substance extracted from the seedpod of the Asian poppy plant.

Heroin usually appears as a white or a brown powder

Is a schedule I drug under the Controlled Substances Act of 1970.

Smack, Thunder, Junk, Mexican black tar

Heroin withdrawalDrug cravingRestlessnessMuscle and bone painInsomniaDiarrheaVomitingCold flashes with goose bumps (cold turkey)Kicking movements (kicking the habit)

Heroin TreatmentMethadone maintenance treatment programsSubstance abuse counselingPsychosocial therapiesSupportive services

What is inhalant abuse?Deliberate inhalation of fumes, vapors or gases to get highInhalants are poisons to the bodyQuick intoxication with serious health consequences.

Its like a quick drunk. It effects the same receptors that alcohol does.

Who knows about Inhalant Abuse?

Who doesn't know about Inhalant Abuse?

Why do kids abuse inhalants?Because they canBecause theyre boredBecause theyre upsetIn short, for any reason or no reasonThey dont have to have moneyThey dont have to have transportationThey dont have to have the ability to get the drugsIn short, they have access

How its DoneSniffing from a container, bag, cans or clothing

Huffing - Inhaling from a chemical soaked rag, open container or balloon

Bagging - Putting a bag over ones head and huffingFor maximum effect, children inhale deeply and then take several more short breaths

Commonly Product/Potential InhalantsGasesNitrous oxide, helium, refrigerants, propane

Solvents and FuelsButane, nail polish remover, paint thinner, correction fluid, permanent markers, gasoline

AerosolsSpray paint, hair spray, air freshener, dust-off

AdhesivesModel airplane glue, rubber cement, PVC cement

FoodsCooking spray, aerosol whipped cream topping

Cleaning AgentsSpot remover, degreaser

Among teens aged 12 to 17, 20.9% used illegal drugs in the past year.

(age)12-1314-1516-17

Inhalants45.5%25.1% 12.4%

Painkillers36.5%34.2% 35.2%

Marijuana28.4%66.2% 81.4%

Other 9.8%26.3% 34.2%The National Inhalant Prevention Coalition & SAMSHA, 2007

Immediate EffectsDizzinessDisorientationEmotional volatilityLoss of coordinationDistortion of perceptionCognitive impairmentHallucinationsLightheadednessDiminished sensitivity to painSlurred speechLoss of inhibitions

Medical ConsequencesAsphyxiation- displacing oxygen in the lungsSuffocation blocking air from entering the lungs (bag over head)Convulsions or seizures abnormal electrical discharges in the brainChoking- from inhalation of vomitFatal injury- accidents while highDeath

Inhalant Abuse EmergenciesRemove the source of chemicals from around the nose and mouthCall 911. Turn person on side to prevent aspiration of vomitIf not breathing, administer CPRVentilate the areaDo not excite, scare, shock, upset or chase the personTry to identify the inhalant

What to look for:Household cans left in childs bedroom or going through an item too fastPain around the mouth or on the tongueUpset stomach or throwing up with no know reason foundChange in behaviorPassing outA chemical odorDeath

Methamphetamine

Methamphetamine is a synthetic stimulant drug which induces a strong feeling of euphoria (similar to adrenaline) and is highly addictive.

Can be injected, snorted, smoked or taken orally

Is a schedule II drug under the Controlled Substances Act of 1970.

Speed, Meth, Ice, Crystal, Chalk, Crank, Go-Fast

Meth comes in two formsPOWDERThe powder form is usually white, odorless and bitter-tasking, and can be snorted, smoked, eaten, dissolved in a drink and ingested, or heated and injected.

ROCKThe purer form of the drug, called crystal, glass and ice appears as clear, chunky crystals that are usually smoked or injected

What meth does for the userRepeated use damages the dopamine producing cells in the brain !!!!!!!!!!

What to look for . . . AppearanceMouth: User may develop meth mouth extreme tooth decay

Skin: Infected sores or meth bugs appear and are slow to heal

Body weight: User may experience dramatic weight loss, anorexia, malnutrition

What to look for . . . BehavioralMay act euphoricJitteryNervousConfusedViolentIncessant talkingParanoidErratic sleep patternsRepetitious behavior

The meth cycle of abuse

Making methProcess to make meth is easy and accessible. There are several ways of making meth, most of which require the use of caustic chemicals such as lye, ether, acetone, and phosphorusThe two major methods are the red phosphorous method or the anhydrous ammonia methodHundreds of recipes on the internetStart with extracting the active ingredient, ephedrine or pseudoephedrine, from over the counter drugsAverage meth cook teaches ten other people how to make meth annually

Indicators of a meth manufacturing:ChemicalsEphedrine tablets cold medicineAcetone finger nail polish removerRed Phosphorus match striker platesIodine antiseptic (merthiolate)Sulfuric Acid drain cleanerHydrochloric acid concrete cleanerMethyl alcohol/methanol gas line antifreeze (heet)Coleman/camp fuel used for extraction

Indicators of a meth manufacturing:Household equipmentBurner platesCoffee filtersGlass bottlesPlastic jugsPyrex dishesFunnelsAquarium tubingChemical Test Tubes

If you Suspect a Meth LabRemain calm. Give yourself time to think.Do NOT approach the suspects. They are often armed and may be dangerousDo NOT enter the lab area. If you are in the lab already, find an excuse to leave immediately.If you are in a lab already, do not touch or turn off anything.Keep a safe distance. Hazardous materials may ignite or the fumes may overcome you.Promptly notify law enforcement

Being a good parent is a tough job. Being a good parent on drugs is impossible

Andrea DarrWV DEC CoordinatorWV Prosecuting Attorneys Institute90 MacCorkle Ave., SWSouth Charleston, WV 25303304-558-3348 phoneAndrea.l.darr@wv.gov

Many thanks to the Marathon County Sheriffs Department in Wisconsin for the Making Meth video used in this power point presentation

Meth isnt the only drug that endangers childrens livesWayne County and McDowell County report problems with prescription drugsMonongalia report problems with Heroine use by pregnant mothers within the last year Wood, Kanawha, and Putnam have meth problems DEA info:WVs most pronounced drug problem involve the abuse and clandestine manufacture of meth, marijuana consumption and cultivation, and pharmaceutical drug diversion and abuse. Cocaine, crack and available in most areas of the state. Cocaine: Cocaine and crack are widely available in most WV cites. Crack cocaine abuse generally remains confined to low and lower middle income individuals, but crosses all ethnic lines. There is some violence associated with the crack trade. Source areas for cocaine are more varied than for other drugs consumed in the state and are largely based on the traffickers location Heroin: Both the demand for and the availability of heroin are very limited throughout WV. Small groups of long-term addicts exist and rely on one another to procure supplies of heroin from secondary source cities such as Philadelphia and Baltimore. Marijuana: Both imported and domestic, locally-cultivated marijuana pose a serious drug threat in WV. Although the state ranks 37th in population in the U.S., WV consistently ranks in the top ten states for marijuana eradication. The Appalachia HIDTA (High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area) was established initially to combat marijuana cultivation in the tri-state area although the mission has expanded.Prescription medication (Pharmaceutical Diversion): Current investigations indicate that diversion of hydrocodone products and diazepam continues to be a problem. Primary methods of diversio being reported are illegal sale and distribution by health care professionals and workers, doctor shopping ( going to a number of doctors to obtain prescriptions for a controlled pharmaceutical), employee theft, and forged prescriptions. OxyContin, and Lortab were also identified as being among the most commonly abused and diverted pharmaceuticals in WVMethamphetamine: Clandestine methamphetamine laboratory activity in WV has increased dramatically in the last several years: 2001 17 labs 2002 54 labs 2003 64 labs2004- 84 labs2005 212 labsFentanyl is an opioid analgesic with a potency approximately eighty times that of morphine. Fentanyls are extensively used for anesthesia and analgesia, most often in the operating room and intensive care unit. Fentanyl transdermal patch (Durogesic/Duragesic) is used in chronic pain management. Fentanyl patches work by releasing fentanyl into body fats, which then slowly release the drug into the blood stream over 72 hours, allowing for long lasting relief from pain. In the past few years, the patches have gone generic and are available for lower costs. Fentanyl patches are manufactured in five patch sizes: 12.5 micrograms/h, 25 g/h, 50 g/h, 75 g/h, and 100 g/h. Dosage is based on the size of the patch, since the transdermal absorption rate is generally constant at a constant skin temperature. Rate of absorption is dependent on a number of factors. Body temperature, skin type and placement of the patch can have major effects. The different delivery systems used by different makers will also affect individual rates of absorption. The typical patch will take effect under normal circumstances usually within 8-12 hours, thus fentanyl patches are often prescribed with another opiate (such as morphine sulfate) to handle breakthrough-pain. Cocaine is not a new drug. In fact it is one of the oldest known drugs.

In the early 1900s, it became the main stimulant drug used in most of the tonics/elixirs that were developed to treat a wide variety of illnesses.In the 1980s, a new drug emerged. Because of its cheap cost and quick and intense high, crack cocaine quickly gained popularity among users, especially in poor urban areas.

The term crack refers to the crackling sound heard when it is heated.The euphoria is sometimes followed by feelings of discomfort and depression and a craving to experience the drug again. Sexual interest and pleasure can be amplified.

Major withdrawal syptoms peak between 48 and 72 hours after the last dose and subside after about a week.

HeParentsPolice officersSchool teachersEMS/Fire personnelDoctorsNursesThe Faith community

They think its safe. Its just canned air.The immediate effects of inhalants may last only a minute or two, possible up to five minutes.It creates a feeling of never ending energyIncreased alertnessHeightened concentrationWakefulness

Cocaine and morphine are also schedule II drugs. Schedule II drugs have a high potential for abuse, leading to severe psychological or physical dependence. These drugs also have appropriate medical use in certain situtaitons.Meth causes the body to release large amounts of dopamine, a neurotransmitter, resulting in a prolonged sense of pleasure or euphoria for the user; however, over time, this causes sever side effects. With repeated use, meth depletes the brains stores of dopamine an actually destroys the wiring of the dopamine receptors. This is a major reason why users become so addicted to the drug; with out it they are no longer able to experience pleasure and they usually slip into a deep depression. Although dopamine receptors can grow back over time, studies have suggested that chronic meth use can cause other permanent brain damage, such as declines in reasoning, judgment and motor skills.Meth abuse causes the destruction of tissues and blood vessels, inhibiting the bodys ability to repair itselfAcne appears, sores take longer to heal, and the skin loses its luster and elasticity, making the user appear years, even decades younger.Poor diet, tooth grinding and oral hygiene results in tooth decay and loss.

Repetitious behavior, such as picking at skin, pulling out hair, compulsively cleaning, grooming or disassembling and assemembling objects.

Carelessness about appearanceDeceit or secretivemessBinging can last 3 to 15 days.

What do you want when your depressed? To feel better. So what does a depressed meth user want? More meth which begins the cycle of addiction.

Tolerance of meth develops rapidly. Users have to increase the dose to get the same desired effect. The pattern results in rapid addiction.The processing required to make methamphetamine from precursor substances is easier and more accessible than ever. There are literally thousands of recipes and information about making methamphetamine on the Internet. An investment of a few hundred dollars in over-the-counter medications and chemicals can produce thousands of dollars' worth of methamphetamine.Over-the-counter cold and asthma medications containing ephedrine or pseudoephedrine, red phosphorous, hydrochloric acid, anhydrous ammonia, drain cleaner, battery acid, lye, lantern fuel, and antifreeze are among the ingredients most commonly used in one recipe. The drug can be made in a makeshift "lab" that can fit into a suitcase. Meth recipe: The process includes the use of a tank, fertilizer, cold compress chemicals, red devil lye, and sulfuric acid. Meth cooks empty the chemical contents of cold compress packs, fertilizer, Red Devil Lye, and sulfuric acid into a tank. The chemical reaction creates a gas that is channeled through a tube of copper which becomes cold from the chemical reaction. This process turns the vapor into liquid form and the liquid is captured into a bottle. This liquid is then stored in a tank for future use to manufacture methamphetamine.Another recipe calls for large amounts of industrial and agricultural chemicals, which are either purchased or stolen. These chemicals are then used in large labs known as "super" labs. The average methamphetamine "cook" annually teaches ten other people how to make the drug.

A super lab is one capable of producing more than 10 pounds of meth a day

This list was compiled with the assistance of the state police chemist. These are the most common chemicals they run into.