drug abuse lecture part 1

8/3/2019 Drug Abuse Lecture Part 1

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ABUSED DRUGS

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Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act

of 2002 RA 9165

Government forensic lab or lab accredited andmonitored by DOH

Screening and Confirmatory (Servicecapability)

Mandatory or Random (Clientele)

Valid for ONE year from date of issue

POSITIVE screening lab test must be confirmedfor it to be valid.


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Mandatory

Drivers license

Firearms license

Permit to carry firearms outside of residence

Officers and members of the military, police

and other law enforcement agencies

All persons who by nature of their

profession carry firearms


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Persons charged of imprisonment of not less

than 6 years and 1 day

Any person arrested for violating RA 9165

Screened test within 24 hours Confirmed within 15 days

Candidates for public office


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Random

High School and College students

Officers and employees of public and

private offices


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AMPHETAMINES Examples:

Amphetamine sulfate, dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine),methamphetamine (Desoxyn, Methedrine).

Metamphetamine: also known as Speed, Ice, Chalk, Meth, Crystal, Crank,Fire, Shabu, Poor Mans Cocaine

Medical uses:

Attention deficit disorder (hyperactivity) of childhood, narcolepsy, obesity(occasionally and for limited period)

Effects attractive to abuser:

Euphoria, increased ability to concentrate, increased alertness,

heightened ability to perform intellectual and physical tasks, appetitesuppression (for weight loss).


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Methamphetamine (TIK)


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Ecstasy (methylenedioxymethapetamine-

MDMA): also known as E, X, XTC, Adam,

Clarity, Lovers Speed.

The drug comes in different tablet forms and

styles to avoid recognition by authorities.

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Adverse effects: Insomnia, restlessness,irritability, palpitations, rapid heartbeat,

sweating, dilation of pupils, confusion, psychosis,convulsions, death.

How abused: Pills taken orally; solution injectedintravenously; occasionally snorted into the nose

in granular form. Typical urine detection cutoff level: 300 ng/mL

Period detectable after last dose: Up to 30 hourson low dose, 120 hours on high dose.


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Rush ( 20 40 minutes)

High ( 3 days )

Binge

Crash

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Stages of a TIK use


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Methods of use


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Discuss the implications of this experiment:

Low dose ecstasy was given to an isolated rat.

There was no visible effect on the rat but the

animals brain biopsy revealed minimal

damage. But when the same dose was given

to 20 rats confined together in a cage, all rats

died and brain biopsy revealed severe

damage.

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Dilated pupil - stimulant intoxication


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Effects of TIK Abuse


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Tik : not a great injectionable drug


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Abscesses caused by cranking (injecting

Meth intravenously)


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Dental problems caused by Meth


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Meth needle marks


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Before After

The following poem was written by a young girl who was in jail for drug

charges, and was addicted to crystal meth (TIC). She wrote thiswhile in jail. As you will soon read, she fully grasped the horrors ofthe drug, as she tells in this simple, yet profound poem. She was

released from jail, but true to her story, the drug owned her.

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Substances causing false positive

results(on initial drug screen only): decongestants (ephedrine [Vatronol, Efedron], phenylpropanolamine

[Propagest, Sucrets Decongestant Formula, Rhindecon]);

"diet pills" (phenmetrazine [Preludin], phentermine [Phentrol, Tora,Fastin, Obe-Nix, Obephen, Obermine, Obestin, Parmine, Phentamine,

Phentrol 2, Unifast, Wilpowr, Adipex-P, Dapex-37.5, Ionamin, Phentrol],phenylpropanolamine [Diadax, Prolamine, Control, Dex-A-Diet, Dexatrim-15, Unitrol, Maximum Strength Acutrim, Appedrine];

blood vessel dilators (isoxuprine [Vasodilan], nylidrin [Adrin, Arlidin]).

Only confirmatory testing of the urine will determine if these interferingdrugs are present. It should be noted that some of these drugs, such asphenmetrazine and phentermine, while not technically amphetamines,have similar abuse potential and similar adverse effects.


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Phenylethylamine (a product of decomposing,

unpreserved urine) may produce false-positive

screens in unrefrigerated, old specimenswhich have not been treated with fluoride

preservative.


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BARBITURATES Examples:Long acting

phenobarbital;

intermediate-acting- amobarbital (Amytal),

butabarbital, talbutal; short-acting-secobarbital (Seconal), pentobarbital(Nembutal).

Medical uses: Treatment of insomnia (short

term only, and avoided altogether by mostphysicians), long-term treatment of epilepsy(phenobarbital), surgical anesthesia.

Effects attractive to abuser: Sedation, loss of

inhibitions, induction of sleep. Generally, the-


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Adverse effects: Agitation, confusion, nightmares,hallucinations, lethargy, hangover, suppression of

breathing reflexes, coma, death. Physicaldependence is well known, and withdrawaleffects can be severe and dangerous, even fatal.

How abused: Pills taken orally; solution injectedintravenously.

Typical urine detection cutoff level: 300 ng/mL


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Period detectable after last dose: long-acting 7

days, intermediate-acting 2-3 days; short-acting 1-2 days.

Substances causing false positive results: None

reported.


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METHADONE

Examples: Roxane, Dolophine

Medical uses: Treatment of opiate addicts inapproved program

Effects attractive to abuser: Same as opiates (below)

Adverse effects: Same as opiates (below) but withlesser degree of physical dependency (addiction)

How abused: Pills taken orally; solution injectedintravenously.


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Period detectable after last dose: 7.5-56 hours

Substances causing false positive results:

doxylamine [Unisom Nighttime Sleep Aid].Presence of this substance would be ruled out

by confirmatory testing.


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OPIATES Examples: Morphine,

heroin, codeine(as found in manyprescription cough

medicines, such asRobitussin-AC, and pain medications, such as Tylenol#3, Phenaphen #3 & #4, Empirin #3 & #4),oxycodone (Percodan), hydromorphone (Dilaudid),hydrocodone (as in many prescription coughmedicines).

Medical uses: Relief of moderate to severe pain,treatment of persistent cough (codeine), treatmentof diarrhea.


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Effects attractive to abuser: Euphoria, sedation.


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Adverse effects: Drowsiness, apathy, confusion, nausea,vomiting, suppression of breathing reflexes, constrictedpupils, physical addiction, coma, death.

How abused: Pills taken orally; solution injectedintravenously or subcutaneously; occasionally snortedinto the nose in granular form.

Typical urine detection cutoff level: 300 ng/mL Period detectable after

last dose: heroin,1-4 days; meperidine,4-24 hours; morphine,84 hour minimum


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Notes: This family of drugs undergoes extensivechemical changes due to the normal

detoxification processes of the body.Therefore, the drug detected in the urinescreen may not be the same as that originallytaken by the subject. For instance, both heroin

and codeine are converted to morphinebefore excretion in the urine.

Substances causing false positive results: none

reported; however, foods containing poppyseeds (the natural source of traditional opiatedrugs) will produce true positive results whenscreening the urine of an otherwise innocent

subject.


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BENZODIAZEPINES

Examples: Diazepam

(Valium), chlordiazepoxide

(Librium), flurazepam (Dalmane), oxazepam (Serax),

lorazepam (Ativan), clonazepam (Clonopin).

Medical uses: Treatment of anxiety disorders,

convulsions, and muscle spasms.

Effects attractive to abuser: Euphoria, sedation,

relief of anxiety, induction of sleep.


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Adverse effects: Drowsiness, apathy, fatigue,

decreased activity level, dizziness, fainting,impaired ability to concentrate on tasks,

disturbance of vision and hearing, physical

addiction.

How abused: Pills taken orally.

Typical urine detection cutoff level: 300 ng/mL


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Period detectable after last dose: around 2-4

days, but depending greatly on dose. Forinstance, a single 10 mg PO dose of diazepam

may not ever be detected, but a 5 times daily

dose of 10 mg will be detectable for 3-7 days. Substances causing false positive results: none

reported.


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CANNABINOIDS

Examples: Marijuana, hashish, hash oilMedical uses: Treatment of nausea

and vomiting due to cancer

chemotherapy.

Effects attractive to abuser:

Euphoria, intensified sensual

and aesthetic perceptions.

Adverse effects: Paranoia,panic, impairment of memory

and ability to perform tasks,

distorted perception of time, physical and


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MARIJUANA also known as Weed, Pot, Grass, Reefer,

Ganja, Mary Jane, Blunt, Joint, Roach, Nail

Forms of Marijuana:

Dried green leaves of cannabis plant usually rolled in

cigarette paper and smoked in joint pipe or bong(larger pipe designed to send more smoke to lungs).

Roach clip is used to hold tiny butt of joints.

Marijuana is sometimes baked in brownies or

cookies to avoid lung irritation.

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Marijuana affects your health. Marijuana limits your

bodys ability to resist infection. Long term use

increases the risk of developing mental illness. Marijuana smoke irritates the throat and lungs and

has more tar

than cigarette smoke.

Frequent use is linked to

increase risk of lung cancer,

bronchitis, and emphysema.

It speeds up heartbeat

and blood pressure.

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Hash (more potent form of tetrahydrocannabinol orTHC), brown substance made of pressed resin fromcannabis,

Hash Oil, the most

potent condensed

THC, is distilled liquid

resin, often added toa joint. Marijuana can

laced with other

dangerous drugs

without your

knowledge.

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drug abuse lecture part 1

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