drools and brms 6.0 (dublin aug 2013)

Not Quite There Yet•The SkyNet funding bill is passed.

•The system goes online on August 4th, 1997.

•Human decisions are removed from strategic defense.

•SkyNet begins to learn at a geometric rate.

•It becomes self-aware at 2:14am Eastern time, August 29th

•In a panic, they try to pull the plug.

•And, Skynet fights back

Monday, 2 September 13

Who am I?

• Drools co-founder

• JBoss (2005)

• Red Hat (2006)

• Polymita Acquisition 2012

• Red Hat Platform Architect


KIE - Knowledge Is EverythingKIE

Drools jBPMOptaPlanner UberFire

Guvnor

Drools-WB jBPM-WB

KIE-WB


KIE - Knowledge Is Everything


GitHub• URL:• https://github.com/droolsjbpm/

• Bootstrap project:• https://github.com/droolsjbpm/droolsjbpm-

build-bootstrap


https://github.com/droolsjbpm/

https://github.com/droolsjbpm/

https://github.com/droolsjbpm/droolsjbpm-build-bootstrap




Serious Bits :)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Omj4PR3v-nI

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4CvjKqUOEzM






What’s a Rule


This is a Rule


This is another Rule

function checkemail(email){ var filter=/^([\w-]+(?:\.[\w-]+)*)@((?:[\w-]+\.)*\w[\w-]{0,66})\.([a-z]{2,6}(?:\.[a-z]{2})?)$/i if ( filter.test(email) ) { return true } else{ return false }}


This is a Rule Enginevar validator = new FormValidator('example_form', [{ name: 'req', display: 'required', rules: 'required'}, { name: 'alphanumeric', rules: 'alpha_numeric'}, { name: 'password', rules: 'required'}, { name: 'password_confirm', display: 'password confirmation', rules: 'required|matches[password]'},


These are Rules too


What is a Rule

rule <rule_name> <attribute><value> when <conditions> then <actions>end


Pattern Matching

Person(age >= 18)field name restriction

constraintobject type

pattern


Pattern Matching ?

case class Grade( letter : String, passed : Boolean ) def check( grade : Grade ) = { grade match { case Grade(letter,true) => printf( "You have passed with grade: %s", letter ) case Grade(letter,false) => printf( "You have failed with grade: %s", letter ) }}


Hybrid Reasoning


Types of Reasoning

•Production Rule Systems PRD (forward chaining)•Reactive

•when Alarm( status == “alert” ) •then send( “warning” )

•Logic Programming LP (backward chaining)•Query

•descendant( “mary”, “jane”)

•Functional Programming FP•Map,Fold, Filter•avg([12, 16, 4, 6])

•Returns single value 9.5

•round([10.3, 4.7, 7.8] )•Returns List [10, 5, 8]

17


Quick IntroWhat are Rule Based Systems


19

VisionRobotics

Speech

Neural Nets Rule Base Systems/Expert System Tools

Understanding

NaturalLanguageSome Areas of

Artificial Intelligence

Some Areas of Artificial Intelligence


20

Knowledge Representation and Reasoning

The study of Knowledge is Epistemology● Nature Structure and Origins of Knowledge● Core or AI

Rule based systems● Expert System tools● Knowledge Representation and Reasoning● Facilitate the codification of knowledge into a knowledge

base which can be used for reasoning


21

It All Started Here Birth of CDSS

Dendral

Mycin

Baobab

Guidon

Neomycin

Teiresias Emycin WM

Puff

Sacon

Centaur

Gravida

Wheeze Clot

Onccocin

1970s

1980s


22

Because Not Everyone Is As Smart As He Is


1979 Rete Algorithm by Charles Forgy 23


Clips and Jess

Clips 1986

24

Clips 1995


Technical Language


26

Classes

AccountAccount

long accountNo

int balance

CashFlowCashFlow

Date date

int amount

AccountPeriodAccountPeriod

Date start

Date end

CashFlow Example


select * from Account acc, Cashflow cf, AccountPeriod apwhere acc.accountNo == cf.accountNo and cf.type == CREDIT cf.date >= ap.start and cf.date <= ap.end

rule “increase balance for AccountPeriod Credits” when ap : AccountPeriod() acc : Account() cf : CashFlow( type == CREDIT, accountNo == acc.accountNo, date >= ap.start && <= ap.end ) then acc.balance += cf.amount; end

27

acc.balance += cf.amount

CashFlow Rule




28


CashFlow Rule




29


CashFlow Rule




30


CashFlow Rule




31


CashFlow Rule


32

rule "Increase balance for AccountPeriod Credits"when ap : AccountPeriod( ) acc : Account( ) cf : CashFlow( type == CashFlowType.CREDIT, accountNo == acc.accountNo, date >= ap.start && <= ap.end )then acc.balance = acc.balance + cf.amount;end

rule "Decrease balance for AccountPeriod Debits"when ap : AccountPeriod( ) acc : Account( ) cf : CashFlow( type == CashFlowType.DEBIT, accountNo == acc.accountNo, date >= ap.start && <= ap.end )then acc.balance = acc.balance - cf.amount;end

CashFlowCashFlowCashFlowCashFlow

date amount type accountNo

12-Jan-12 100 CREDIT 1

2-Feb-12 200 DEBIT 1

18-May-12 50 CREDIT 1

9-Mar-12 75 CREDIT 1

AccountingPeriodAccountingPeriod

start end

01-JAN-2012 31-MAR-2012

AccountAccount

accountNo balance

1 0



12-Jan-12 100 CREDIT 1

9-Mar-12 75 CREDIT 1



2-Feb-12 200 DEBIT 1

AccountAccount

accountNo balance

1 -25

CashFlow Example


33

rule "Print blance for AccountPeriod" salience -50when ap : AccountPeriod() acc : Account( )then System.out.println( "Account Number " + acc.accountNo + " balance " + acc.balance );end

AgendaAgendaAgenda

1 increase balance

arbitrary2 decrease balance arbitrary

3 increase balance

arbitrary

4 print balance

CashFlow Example


Timers


CEP


Graphical Metaphores


Graphical Metaphores• Decision Tables• Guided Editors• Rule Templates

• Guided Editor + Decision Table• Score Cards• Decision Trees

• We don’t do these yet


Decision Table


Guided Editors


Rule Templates


Decision Table Wizards


Score Cards• a) Setup Parameters• b) Characteristic Section


Score Cards• UI Generates PMML• DRL Generated from PMML • DRL results in

• Calculated Score• Ranked Reason Codes

• Can import PMML 4.1• but not exposed yet

• Calculated Scores• Currently Summations• Weight coming

• Not in PMML standard


Scenarios


Decision Trees


Decision Tables


Decision Table


WorkbenchOpenShift Ready


5.x Critique


5.x CritiqueUI

• GWT• but not easily extended• fixed layouts• no perspectives


5.x CritiqueUI


JCR• Performance Issues• Everything stored as blob• No tagging, branching etc.• Webdav• Limited team providers


5.x CritiqueUI


JCR• Performance Issues• Everything stored as blob• No tagging, branching etc.• Webdav• Limited team providers

Deployment• Binary blobs, on url


5.x CritiqueContent• Single tree structure (packages)• Packages created project deployment units

• no real alignment with industry stadard• No easy rule use (only a single global area)• Loading “model” jars into packages

• Poor hack, for dependency management


5.x CritiqueDeployment

•Simple Snapshot system

•No real methodology

•Doesn’t align with any industry standards


UF UberFire


Requirements• Modular design

• Plugins• Common Life cycles• Compile time composition of plugins, via maven

• Menus• contextual to perspective and focus panel• Visibility Security

• Toolbars• contextual to perspective and focus panel• Visibility Security

• Twitter Bootstrap UI• Flexible layouts• Perspectives


Requirements• Security

• Authorization, Authentication• Seamless API for client and server

• MetaData• Everything is a file, DB just for fast searching

• GIT Backend• High Availability

• GIT Cluster• Apache Helix

• Maven integration for “projects”


UberFire Architecture Overview


KIE - Knowledge Is Everything


Workbench Screens


Workbench Screens• Workbench Screen

• DIV• Lifecycle events

• OnStartUp, OnShutDown• OnOpen, OnMayClose, OnClose• OnFocus, OnLostFocus


Workbench Screens

@WorkbenchScreen(identifier = "MyFirstPanel")public class MyFirstPanel extends SimplePanel {

public MyFirstPanel() { setWidget( new Label("Hello World 1") ); }

@WorkbenchPartTitle public String myTitle() { return "My First Panel!"; }

}


Workbench Editor


Workbench Editor• Workbench Screen

• DIV• Lifecycle events

• OnStartUp, OnShutDown• OnOpen, OnMayClose, OnClose• OnFocus, OnLostFocus• IsDirty, OnSave


Life Cycle Annotation@WorkbenchEditor(identifier = "TextEditor", supportedTypes = { TextResourceType.class, DotResourceType.class })public class TextEditorPresenter { (...)

@OnStart public void onStart( final Path path ) { this.path = path; }

@OnSave public void onSave() { }

@IsDirty public boolean isDirty() { return view.isDirty(); }}


Workbench Perspective


Workbench Perspective$registerPerspective({ "id": "Markdown Editor", "view": { "parts": [ { "place": "MarkdownLiveViewer", "parameters": {} } ], "panels": [ { "width": 600, "min_width": 300, "position": "west", "parts": [ { "place": "MarkdownLiveEditor", "parameters": {} } ] } ] }, on_close: function () { }});


Simple POM Editor


Build and Deploy


Local Maven Repository and Manager


Create or Clone Git Repos


Legacy Systems and Migration• Legacy API Adapter JAR• Most API’s should work with legacy adapter• KnowledegAgents have not been ported,

PKG’s are not longer the unit of deployment

• JCR Migration Tool• Command Line Java code• Each Package maps to a GIT project


BPM Integration


Work - Task Lists


BPMN Designer (JS)


BRMS 6.0Simplified Utilization


BRMS 5.0 Programmatic APIKnowledgeBuilder kbuilder = KnowledgeBuilderFactory.newKnowledgeBuilder();

kbuilder.batch().add( newClassPathResource( "Model.drl", getClass() ), DRL ) .add( newClassPathResource( "Queries.drl", getClass() ), DRL ) .add( newClassPathResource( "General.drl", getClass() ), DRL ) .add( newClassPathResource( "Response.drl", getClass() ), DRL ) .add( newClassPathResource( "Events.drl", getClass() ), DRL ) .add( newClassPathResource( "UiView.drl", getClass() ), DRL ) .add( newClassPathResource( "Commands.drl", getClass() ), DRL ).build();

if ( kbuilder.hasErrors() ) { System.out.println( kbuilder.getErrors().toString() ); System.exit( 1 );}

KieBaseConfiguration kbaseConf = KnowledgeBaseFactory.newKnowledgeBaseConfiguration();kbaseConf.setOption( EqualityBehaviorOption.EQUALITY );

KnowledgeBase kbase = KnowledgeBaseFactory.newKnowledgeBase( kbaseConf );kbase.addKnowledgePackages( kbuilder.getKnowledgePackages() );

Counter c = new Counter();ksession = kbase.newStatefulKnowledgeSession();


Changes• Conventions:• droolsjbpm -> kie• knowlege -> kie

• Examples• KnowledgeBase -> Kie• StatefulKnowledgeSession -> KieSession• StatelessKnowledgeSession - StatelesKieSession

• Legacy API Adapter JAR• Most API’s should work with legacy adapter• KnowledegAgents have not been ported, PKG’s are not

longer the unit of deployment


KieModules• Discovery• META-INF/kmodule.xml

• Convention based• No programmatic api for building• Multiple Named entities• Inheritence of Resources• Defaults for lazy people• Version built in a standard


Git Hub Examples• https://github.com/droolsjbpm/drools/tree/master/drools-

examples-api


https://github.com/droolsjbpm/drools/tree/master/drools-examples-api



KieModules

<kmodule xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://jboss.org/kie/6.0.0/kmodule"> </kmodule>

KieServices ks = KieServices.Factory.get();KieContainer kContainer = ks.getKieClasspathContainer();

KieSession kSession = kContainer.newKieSession();kSession.setGlobal("out", out);kSession.insert(new Message("Dave", "Hello, HAL. Do you read me, HAL?"));kSession.fireAllRules();


102


KieModules• Named Entities and JAR on Classpath• Creates one KieBase• Includes resources from package matching

kbase name

<kmodule xmlns="http://jboss.org/kie/6.0.0/kmodule">

<kbase name="kbase1"> <ksession name="ksession1"/> </kbase>

</kmodule>

KieServices ks = KieServices.Factory.get();KieContainer kContainer = ks.getKieClasspathContainer();

KieSession kSession = kContainer.newKieSession("ksession1");kSession.setGlobal("out", out);kSession.insert(new Message("Dave", "Hello, HAL. Do you read me, HAL?"));kSession.fireAllRules();


http://jboss.org/kie/6.0.0/kmodule

http://jboss.org/kie/6.0.0/kmodule

104


KieModules• Named Entities, with inheritence and JAR on

Classpath• Two projects, one “includes” from the other<dependency> <groupId>org.drools</groupId> <artifactId>named-kiesession</artifactId> <version>6.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version></dependency>

<kbase name="kbase2" includes="kbase1"> <ksession name="ksession2"/></kbase>

KieServices ks = KieServices.Factory.get();KieContainer kContainer = ks.getKieClasspathContainer();KieSession kSession = kContainer.newKieSession("ksession2");kSession.setGlobal("out", out);

kSession.insert(new Message("Dave", "Hello, HAL. Do you read me, HAL?"));kSession.fireAllRules();

kSession.insert(new Message("Dave", "Open the pod bay doors, HAL."));kSession.fireAllRules();


KieModules• Package location can over-ride kbase name defaults

<kbase name="WumpusMainKB" packages="org.drools.games.wumpus.server, org.drools.games.wumpus.server.view"> <ksession name="WumpusMainKS" /></kbase>

<kbase name="WumpusClientKB" packages="org.drools.games.wumpus.client"> <ksession name="WumpusClientKS"/></kbase>

KieContainer kc = KieServices.Factory.get().getKieClasspathContainer();final KieSession serverKsession = kc.newKieSession( "WumpusMainKS");final KieSession clientKsession = kc.newKieSession("WumpusClientKS");


Dynamic KieModules• JARs can be loaded from URLs into KieRepository• Once loaded they can be resolved via ReleaseId

KieServices ks = KieServices.Factory.get();KieRepository kr = ks.getRepository();

KieModule kModule = kr.addKieModule(ks.getResources().newFileSystemResource( getFile("default-kiesession")));

KieContainer kContainer = ks.newKieContainer(kModule.getReleaseId());

KieSession kSession = kContainer.newKieSession();kSession.setGlobal("out", out);

Object msg1 = createMessage(kContainer, "Dave", "Hello, HAL. Do you read me, HAL?");kSession.insert(msg1);kSession.fireAllRules();


Dynamic KieModules• kie-ci use embedded maven for remote

discovery<dependency> <groupId>org.kie</groupId> <artifactId>kie-ci</artifactId></dependency>

KieServices ks = KieServices.Factory.get();

// Install example1 in the local maven repo before to do thisKieContainer kContainer = ks.newKieContainer( ks.newReleaseId("org.drools", "named-kiesession", "6.0.0-SNAPSHOT"));

KieSession kSession = kContainer.newKieSession("ksession1");kSession.setGlobal("out", out);

Object msg1 = createMessage(kContainer, "Dave", "Hello, HAL. Do you read me, HAL?");kSession.insert(msg1);kSession.fireAllRules();


Dynamic KieModules

// create a new kjarInternalKieModule kJar2 = createKieJar(ks, releaseId, "rule2", "rule3");

// deploy it on mavenrepository.deployArtifact(releaseId, kJar2, kPom);

// since I am not calling start() on the scanner it means it won't have automatic scheduled scanningKieScanner scanner = ks.newKieScanner(kieContainer);

// scan the maven repo to get the new kjar version and deploy it on the kcontainerscanner.scanNow();

// create a ksesion and check it works as expectedKieSession ksession2 = kieContainer.newKieSession("KSession1");checkKSession(ksession2, "rule2", "rule3");


kmodule.xml Editor


Programmatic API• Builder API, for tooling integration• Incremental compilation, and problem

reportingKieServices ks = KieServices.Factory.get();KieRepository kr = ks.getRepository();KieFileSystem kfs = ks.newKieFileSystem();

kfs.write("src/main/resources/org/kie/example5/HAL5.drl", getRule());

KieBuilder kb = ks.newKieBuilder(kfs);

kb.buildAll(); // kieModule is automatically deployed to KieRepository if successfully built.if (kb.getResults().hasMessages(Level.ERROR)) { throw new RuntimeException("Build Errors:\n" + kb.getResults().toString());}

KieContainer kContainer = ks.newKieContainer(kr.getDefaultReleaseId());

KieSession kSession = kContainer.newKieSession();kSession.setGlobal("out", out);

kSession.insert(new Message("Dave", "Hello, HAL. Do you read me, HAL?"));kSession.fireAllRules();


BRMS 6.0 CDI


CDI Context and Dependency • CDI injects named entities from the

kmodule.xml

• Injectable types• KieServices• KieContainer• KieBase• KieSession• StatelessKieSession


KBase

@Inject @KBase(value="jar1.KBase1", name="kb2") @KReleaseId( groupId = "jar1", artifactId = "art1", version = "1.0")private KieBase jar1KBase1kb2;

@Inject@KBase(value="jar1.KBase1", name="kb2") @KReleaseId( groupId = "jar1", artifactId = "art1", version = "1.0")private KieBase jar1KBase1kb22;

@Injectprivate KieBase defaultClassPathKBase;

@Inject@KReleaseId( groupId = "jar1", artifactId = "art1", version = "1.0") private KieBase defaultDynamicKBase;

@Inject@KBase("jar1.KBase1") @KReleaseId( groupId = "jar1", artifactId = "art1", version = "1.0")private KieBase jar1KBase1v10;

@Inject@KBase("jar1.KBase1") @KReleaseId(groupId = "jar1", artifactId = "art1", version = "1.1")private KieBase jar1KBase1v11;

@Inject@KBase(value="jar1.KBase1", name="kb1")@KReleaseId( groupId = "jar1", artifactId = "art1", version = "1.0")private KieBase jar1KBase1kb1;


KSession@Inject@KSession("jar1.KSession2") @KReleaseId( groupId = "jar1", artifactId = "art1", version = "1.0" )private KieSession kbase1ksession2v10;

@Inject@KSession("jar1.KSession2") @KReleaseId( groupId = "jar1", artifactId = "art1", version = "1.1" )private KieSession kbase1ksession2v11;

@Inject@KSession(value="jar1.KSession2", name="ks1") @KReleaseId( groupId = "jar1", artifactId = "art1", version = "1.0" )private KieSession kbase1ksession2ks1;

@Inject@KSession(value="jar1.KSession2", name="ks2") @KReleaseId( groupId = "jar1", artifactId = "art1", version = "1.0" )private KieSession kbase1ksession2ks2 ;

@Inject@KSession(value="jar1.KSession2", name="ks2") @KReleaseId( groupId = "jar1", artifactId = "art1", version = "1.0" )private KieSession kbase1ksession2ks22;


BRMS 6.0 Spring and Camel


Spring and Camel<kie:kmodule id="CxfRsSpring"> <kie:kbase name="test1" packages="test1"> <kie:ksession name="ksession1"> <kie:batch> <kie:set-global identifier="list" > <bean class="java.util.ArrayList" /> </kie:set-global> </kie:batch> </kie:ksession> <kie:ksession name="ksession2"/> </kie:kbase></kie:kmodule>


Spring and Camel<bean id="kiePolicy" class="org.kie.camel.component.KiePolicy" /> <camelContext id="camel" xmlns="http://camel.apache.org/schema/spring"> <route> <from uri="cxfrs://bean://rsServer"/> <policy ref="kiePolicy"> <unmarshal ref="xstream" /> <to uri="kie:ksession1" /> <marshal ref="xstream" /> </policy> </route> <route id="x1"> <from uri="direct://http"/> <policy ref="kiePolicy"> <to uri="cxfrs://http://localhost:58001/rest"/> </policy> </route> </camelContext>


BRMS 6.0R.I.P Rete


R.I.P RETEinspirations:• Leaps, Collection Oriented Match, L/R Unlinking

New Innovations• Full Rule, and Rule Segment Unlinking• Lazy Evaluation, with Rule scoping• Set propagations

Previous Innovations• Modify In Place• Property Reactive• Tree Based Graphs• Subnetwork support


Backward ChainingReactive Transitive

Closures


Reasoning with GraphsHouse

Location("Office", "House ")

Location("Kitchen", "House")

Location("Desk", "Office")

Location("Chair", "Office")

Location("Computer", "Desk")

Location("Draw", "Desk")

Location("Knife", "Kitchen")

Location("Cheese", "Kitchen")

Location("Key", "Draw")


123

Backward Chainingquery isContainedIn( String x, String y ) Location( x, y; ) or ( Location( z, y; ) and isContainedIn( x, z; ) )end

House











Backward Chainingksession.insert( new Location("Office", "House") );ksession.insert( new Location("Kitchen", "House") );ksession.insert( new Location("Knife", "Kitchen") );ksession.insert( new Location("Cheese", "Kitchen") );ksession.insert( new Location("Desk", "Office") );ksession.insert( new Location("Chair", "Office") );ksession.insert( new Location("Computer", "Desk") );ksession.insert( new Location("Draw", "Desk") );

House











Backward Chainingrule "go" salience 10when $s : String( )then System.out.println( $s );end

House











Backward Chainingrule "go1"when String( this == "go1" ) isContainedIn("Office", "House"; )then System.out.println( "office is in the house" );end

rule "go" salience 10when $s : String( )then System.out.println( $s );end

House













query isContainedIn( String x, String y ) Location( x, y; ) or ( Location( z, y; ) and isContainedIn( x, z; ) )end

House













ksession.insert( "go1" );ksession.fireAllRules();---go1office is in the house


House















isContainedIn(x==Office, y==House)

House















Location(x==Office, y==House)

House










isContainedIn(x==Office, y==House)


Backward Chainingrule "go2"when String( this == "go2" ) isContainedIn("Draw", "House"; )then System.out.println( "Draw in the House" );end

House













House













ksession.insert( "go2" );ksession.fireAllRules();---go2Draw in the House

House













isContainedIn(x==Draw, y==House)


House













Location(z==Office, y==House)isContainedIn(x==Draw, y==House)


House













Location(z==Office, y==House)isContainedIn(x==Draw, z==Office)



House













Location(z==Office, y==House)isContainedIn(x==Draw, z==Office)

Location(z==Kitchen, y==House)isContainedIn(x==Draw, z==Kitchen)



House













isContainedIn(x==Draw, y==Office)


House













Location(z==Desk, y==Office)isContainedIn(x==Draw, y==Office)


House













Location(z==Desk, y==Office)isContainedIn(x==Draw, z==Desk)

isContainedIn(x==Draw, y==Office)


House













isContainedIn(x==Draw, y==Desk)


House













Location(x==Draw, y==Desk)isContainedIn(x==Draw, y==Desk)


House











Backward Chainingrule "go3"when String( this == "go3" ) isContainedIn("Key", "Office"; )then System.out.println( "Key in the Office" );end

House












ksession.insert( "go3" );ksession.fireAllRules();---go3

House












ksession.insert( "go3" );ksession.fireAllRules();---go3

ksession.insert( new Location("Key", "Draw") );ksession.fireAllRules();

---Key in the Office

House











6.0 JTMS(exp)


Justification-based Truth • Drools 5.x• Simple logical insertion TMS, like Clips, Jess and

others.

• Drools 6.0• Contradiction handling with JTMS

• Clean separation of exception logic• TMS now has pluggable Belief System

• Simple TMS support• JTMS now possible (exp)• Defeasible Logic (exp)

• See drools-compiler• JTMSTest for lots of example tests


148

JTMSCouples the logic

What happens when the Child stops being 16?

rule "Issue Child Bus Pass"when $p : Person( age < 16 )then insert(new ChildBusPass( $p ) );endrule "Issue Adult Bus Pass"when $p : Person( age >= 16 )then insert(new AdultBusPass( $p ) );end


JTMS• Bad• Monolithic• Leaky• Brittle integrity - manual maintenance


150

JTMS

de-couples the logic

Maintains the truth by automatically retracting

•A rule “logically” inserts an object

•When the rule is no longer true, the object is retracted.rule "IsChild"when $p : Person( age < 16 )then logicalInsert( new IsChild( $p ) )endrule "IsAdult"when $p : Person( age >= 16 )then logicalInsert( new IsAdult( $p ) )end


151

JTMS

The truth maintenance cascades

rule "Issue Child Bus Pass"when $p : Person( ) IsChild( person =$p )then logicalInsert(new ChildBusPass( $p ) );endrule "Issue Adult Bus Pass"when $p : Person() IsAdult( person =$p )then logicalInsert(new AdultBusPass( $p ) );end


152

JTMSrule "Issue Child Bus Pass"when $p : Person( ) not( ChildBusPass( person == $p ) )then requestChildBusPass( $p );end The truth maintenance cascades


153

JTMS• Good• De-couple knowledge responsibilities• Encapsulate knowledge• Provide semantic abstractions for those encapsulation• Integrity robustness – truth maintenance


JTMS

IsChild

ChildBusPas

Rule : isChildRule

Rule : IssueBusPas

+

+


JTMSrule "Do not issue to banned people"when $p : Person( ) Banned( person =$p )then logicalInsert(new ChildBusPass( $p ) , “neg” );end


JTMS

IsChild

ChildBusPas

Rule : isChildRule

Rule : IssueBusPas

+

+

Rule : Do Not Issue to Banned People

-


6.0 Defeasible(exp)


Defeasiblerule "All Birds Fly"when $b : Bird( )then logicalInsert(new Fly( $b ) );endrule "Brocken wing"when $b : Bird( ) BrockenWing($b;)then logicalInsert(new Fly( $b ), “neg” );end


Defeasiblerule "All Birds Fly" @Defeasible

when

$b : Bird( )then

logicalInsert(new Fly( $b ) );

end

rule "Brocken wing" @Defeasible

@Defeaterwhen

$b : Bird( )

BrockenWing($b;)

then

logicalInsert(new Fly( $b ), “neg” );end

rule "Birds With Rockets Fly"@Defeasible

@Defeats(“Brocken Wing”)

when $b : Bird( )

Rocket($b;)

then

logicalInsert(new Fly( $b ) );

end


160

Questions?

• Dave Bowman: All right, HAL; I'll go in through the emergency airlock.

• HAL: Without your space helmet, Dave, you're going to find that rather difficult.

• Dave Bowman: HAL, I won't argue with you anymore! Open the doors!

• HAL: Dave, this conversation can serve no purpose anymore. Goodbye.

Joshya: Greetings, Professor Falken.Falken: Hello, Joshua.Joshya: A strange game. The only winning move is not to play. How about a nice game of chess?


http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0001158/








drools and brms 6.0 (dublin aug 2013)

Technology