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TRANSCRIPT
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Drinking Water ServicesProgram Update
Dave Emme, Manager
August 2018
(Enter) DEPARTMENT (ALL CAPS)(Enter) Division or Office (Mixed Case)
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PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISIONDrinking Water Services
Outline
• Public Attitudes—How do people think we’re doing?• Safe Drinking Water—How are we really doing?• Challenges going forward
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PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISIONDrinking Water Services
Public AttitudesHow do people think we’re doing?
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PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISIONDrinking Water Services
Public Trust in Government
• Only 2 in 10 Americans trust the federal government to do what is right most of the time.
• Trust in State and local governments is higher.
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PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISIONDrinking Water Services
Public Attitudes about Drinking Water
• 61% of Americans worry a great deal about pollutants in drinking water. (Gallup poll)
• Americans top three health concerns (Kaiser poll 2016):– Cancer– Heroin abuse– Contaminated Drinking water
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PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISIONDrinking Water Services
Public Attitudes about Drinking Water
70% of Americans polled followed the Flint crisis. Half think it indicates a more widespread problem.
--AP Poll 2016
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PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISIONDrinking Water Services
Public Attitudes about Drinking Water
• Bottled water sales in 2016 exceeded soda for first time
• Compared to tap water:– 2,000 times more expensive – Less stringently regulated– Generates waste and
greenhouse gases
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Source: https://geology.com/articles/bottled-water.shtml
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PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISIONDrinking Water Services
Public Attitudes about Drinking Water
“Tap water? You’re drinking toilet water with birth control drugs in them,” he said. “Chloramine, and on top of that they’re putting in fluoride. Call me a conspiracy theorist, but it’s a mind-control drug that has no benefit to our dental health.”
--Christopher Sanborn, aka MukhandeSingh, founder of Live Water. Sells for $6-9/gal. NY Times Dec 29, 2017
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PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISIONDrinking Water Services
Public Attitudes about Drinking Water
• 74% of US population served by CWS adjust for fluoride.
• 22% of Oregon population served by CWS adjust for fluoride.
• 43 Oregon Community Water Systems adjust for fluoride.
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PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISIONDrinking Water Services
Public Attitudes about Drinking Water
Public concern (outrage) over lead in schools and day care facilities remains high.
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PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISIONDrinking Water Services
Public Attitudes about Drinking Water
Drinking water concerns are intensely local and personal.
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PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISIONDrinking Water Services
Public Attitudes about Drinking Water
Public outrage over delayed notification
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PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISIONDrinking Water Services
Part 1. Summary
• Public concern is high
• Public confidence has been damaged
• Public expectations tending toward zero risk
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PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISIONDrinking Water Services
Safe Drinking WaterHow are we really doing?
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PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISIONDrinking Water Services
Drinking Water and Infectious Disease
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Dr. Snow’s Map London Cholera outbreak,1854
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PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISIONDrinking Water Services
Drinking Water Treatment
“Drinking water disinfection and treatment -- one of the greatest public health achievements of the 20thCentury.” CDC
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Crude death rate* for infectious diseases - United States, 1900-1996 Per 100,000.
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PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISIONDrinking Water Services
Drinking Water Treatment
• In 1900, in some cities, 30% of infants died in their first year.
• Reduced infant mortality by 90%, mostly due to treatment and sanitation.
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Source: CDC MMWR 10/01/99
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PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISIONDrinking Water Services
Drinking Water Treatment
• U.S. Life expectancy 78.8 in 2015, up from 47.3 in 1900.
• Worldwide 71.4 in 2015, up from 34 in 1913.
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PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISIONDrinking Water Services
Drinking Water Regulation
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Safe Drinking Water Act• Enacted Dec 16, 1974,
reauthorized in 1986, 1996
• National Standards or Treatment Techniques.
• Enforced by States with EPA oversight.
• Operator Certification.• Funding through SRF.• Public Information.
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PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISIONDrinking Water Services
U.S. Waterborne Outbreaks
In U.S. 2013-14:• 42 outbreaks
– 57% Legionella– 19% Parasites– 10% Chemicals or
algal toxins
• 13 deaths, all due to Legionella
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PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISIONDrinking Water Services
Oregon Waterborne Outbreaks
Last outbreaks, 2013-14: • Crypto, Baker City;• Legionella
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6
3 3 2
0
5
10
15
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1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s
Num
ber o
f Out
brea
ks
Oregon waterborne disease outbreaks (CDC)
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PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISIONDrinking Water Services
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80
85
90
95
100
Per
cen
tPercent of community water systems that meet
health-based standards throughout the year
Oregon USA
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PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISIONDrinking Water Services
Small system compliance in OR
• Reduced number of Priority Non-compliers by 78%, mostly small systems
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PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISIONDrinking Water Services
Reducing exposure to Lead
• 1985 OR prohibition of lead in plumbing
• 117 systems in OR with corrosion control
• Staff reviewed LCR compliance at 17 large systems in 2017
• Portland optimized by LHRP• Portland schedule to
improve CCTx by 2022
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PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISIONDrinking Water Services
Reducing exposure to Lead in Schools
• Governor directed Early Learning Division to adopt rules for Child Care centers
– Initial monitoring by Sept 30, 2018
– EPA 3Ts with 15 ppb Action Level
– Sampling every 6 yrs
• OR Dept of Ed working on similar rules for K-12, as required by SB1062
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PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISIONDrinking Water Services
Percent of Oregon children tested with blood lead level >= 5 ug/dl 2010-2016
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0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Oregon Multnomah Co.
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PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISIONDrinking Water Services
Portland Crypto Variance Revocation
• Variance from Treatment for Crypto issued 2012.
• Revocation Order issued May 19, 2017.
• City decides on filtration over UV treatment.
• Bilateral Compliance Agreement Dec 18, 2017– Pilot study by Nov 2020– Construction plans by Oct
2022– Treatment operational by
Sept 2027
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PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISIONDrinking Water Services
Salem Cyanotoxins
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Advisory issued based on this data
Advisory lifted
Advisory reissued
Advisory lifted
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PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISIONDrinking Water Services
Part 2. Summary
• History of progress in preventing disease and death
• Regulation is imperfect, but it works– Improved compliance with health based standards– Continued focus on reducing lead exposure– Major improvements planned for Portland
• Overall, our drinking water has never been safer.
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PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISIONDrinking Water Services
Challenges Ahead
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PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISIONDrinking Water Services
Federal Landscape—Eroded funding
• EPA’s budget and grants to States flat for many years.
• 67% of program operating revenue from Federal grants.
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$0
$2,000,000,000
$4,000,000,000
$6,000,000,000
$8,000,000,000
$10,000,000,000
$12,000,000,000
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PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISIONDrinking Water Services
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Drinking Water Program 2011 (48 FTEs)DAVE LELAND
PEM F Pos.#0000957 X7010
Diane WeisAS 1
Pos.#0000977 C0107
Carol MalkaOS 2
Pos.#1000692 C0104
VacantRA 2
Pos.#0000168 C1116
VacantRA 3
Pos.#0000509 C1117
Paul CymbalaRA 3
Pos.#0000902 C1117
Bradley DanielsCS 3
Pos.#0000661 C5248
Charles MichaelCS 3
Pos.#0001141 C5248
VacantRA 1
Pos.#0000962 C1115
Janet BrockRA 1
Pos.#1003664 C1115
Roberta LindgrenRA 1
Pos.#0000903 C1115
Angela WahlquistRA 3
Pos.#1003665 C1117
Michelle Van KleeckCS 3
Pos.#0000662 C5248
Joe CarlsonPEM D
Pos.#0000958 X7006
Marsha FoxAS 1 (.5 FTE)
Pos.#0000717 C0107
Lee KeyesAS 1
Pos.#0000328 C0107
VacantNRS 3
Pos.#0000669 C8503
Michael PerryPA 2
Pos.#0001168 C0861
Tom MitchellEHS 3
Pos.#0000891 C3819
Dottie ReynoldsCS 2
Pos.#0000082 C5247
Adam DeSemplePA 2
Pos.#1003879 C0861
Debra LambethEE 3
Pos.#0000484 C3412
Anthony FieldsPEM D
Pos.#0000669 C8503
Marsha FoxAS 1 (.5 FTE)
Pos.#0000717 C0107
Gregg BairdNRS 3
Pos.#1003667 C8503
VacantEE 3
Pos.#0000976 C3411
Evan HofeldEE 3
Pos.#0000670 C3412
Peter FarrellyEE 3
Pos.#1003668 C3411
Carrie GentryEE 3
Pos.#0000976 C3411
Carolyn ClemensOS 2 (.5 FTE)
Pos.#0000664 C0104
James NusralaEE 3
Pos.#1003660 C3412
Amy A WordNRS 3
Pos.#1003662 C8503
Michelle ByrdNRS 3
Pos.#0001139 C8503
Fred KalishEE 3
Pos.#1003668 C3412
Bill GossEE 3
Pos.#0000162 C3412
Kari SalisPEM D
Pos.#0000317 X7006Region 1
Betsy ParryNRS 3
Pos.#1003661 C8503
Shawn StevensonNRS 3
Pos.#0000663 C8503
Drue EdneyOS 2
Pos.#0001010 C0104
Russ KazmierczakNRS 3
Pos.#1002421 C8503
VacantNRS 4
Pos.#0001140 C8503
Tom PatteeNRS 5
Pos.#0000046 C8505
VacantNRS 3
Pos.#1002415 C8503
Daniel HoughNRS 3
Pos.#1003663 C8503
Jay MacPhersonEE 3
Pos.#1003658 C3412
Scott CurryEE 3
Pos.#0000483 C3412
Casey LyonNRS 3
Pos.#0000925 C3819
Karen KelleyPEM D
Pos.#0000163 X7006Region 2
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PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISIONDrinking Water Services
Drinking Water Program 2017 (34 FTEs)DAVE LELAND
PEM F Pos.#0000957 X7010
Diane WeisAS 1
Pos.#0000977 C0107
Carol MalkaOS 2
Pos.#1000692 C0104
VacantRA 2
Pos.#0000168 C1116
VacantRA 3
Pos.#0000509 C1117
Paul CymbalaRA 3
Pos.#0000902 C1117
Bradley DanielsCS 3
Pos.#0000661 C5248
Charles MichaelCS 3
Pos.#0001141 C5248
VacantRA 1
Pos.#0000962 C1115
Janet BrockRA 1
Pos.#1003664 C1115
Roberta LindgrenRA 1
Pos.#0000903 C1115
Angela WahlquistRA 3
Pos.#1003665 C1117
Michelle Van KleeckCS 3
Pos.#0000662 C5248
Joe CarlsonPEM D
Pos.#0000958 X7006
Marsha FoxAS 1 (.5 FTE)
Pos.#0000717 C0107
Lee KeyesAS 1
Pos.#0000328 C0107
VacantNRS 3
Pos.#0000669 C8503
Michael PerryPA 2
Pos.#0001168 C0861
Tom MitchellEHS 3
Pos.#0000891 C3819
Dottie ReynoldsCS 2
Pos.#0000082 C5247
Adam DeSemplePA 2
Pos.#1003879 C0861
Debra LambethEE 3
Pos.#0000484 C3412
Anthony FieldsPEM D
Pos.#0000669 C8503
Marsha FoxAS 1 (.5 FTE)
Pos.#0000717 C0107
Gregg BairdNRS 3
Pos.#1003667 C8503
VacantEE 3
Pos.#0000976 C3411
Evan HofeldEE 3
Pos.#0000670 C3412
Peter FarrellyEE 3
Pos.#1003668 C3411
Carrie GentryEE 3
Pos.#0000976 C3411
Carolyn ClemensOS 2 (.5 FTE)
Pos.#0000664 C0104
James NusralaEE 3
Pos.#1003660 C3412
Amy A WordNRS 3
Pos.#1003662 C8503
Michelle ByrdNRS 3
Pos.#0001139 C8503
Fred KalishEE 3
Pos.#1003668 C3412
Bill GossEE 3
Pos.#0000162 C3412
Kari SalisPEM D
Pos.#0000317 X7006Region 1
Betsy ParryNRS 3
Pos.#1003661 C8503
Shawn StevensonNRS 3
Pos.#0000663 C8503
Drue EdneyOS 2
Pos.#0001010 C0104
Russ KazmierczakNRS 3
Pos.#1002421 C8503
VacantNRS 4
Pos.#0001140 C8503
Tom PatteeNRS 5
Pos.#0000046 C8505
VacantNRS 3
Pos.#1002415 C8503
Daniel HoughNRS 3
Pos.#1003663 C8503
Jay MacPhersonEE 3
Pos.#1003658 C3412
Scott CurryEE 3
Pos.#0000483 C3412
Casey LyonNRS 3
Pos.#0000925 C3819
Karen KelleyPEM D
Pos.#0000163 X7006Region 2
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PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISIONDrinking Water Services
Impacts of reduced staffing
• Unable to regulate Non-EPA systems.
• Data entry backlogs• Compliance schedules
overdue• Limited capacity for:
– Tech review – Emergency preparedness
planning– Program planning and process
improvement
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PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISIONDrinking Water Services
Getting ready for Cascadia
• Rule effective January 2018. Applies to PWSs subject to Master Plan (>300 conn.) and in High to Moderate risk zones.– Seismic risk assessment to evaluate
backbone system to serve critical community needs.
– Mitigation plan to identify projects to upgrade the backbone system over a 50 yr period.
• Support for needed infrastructure financing will be a challenge.
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PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISIONDrinking Water Services
Next Generation of Operators
Operator Certification Reforms:• Rule changes this fall:
– Restore Op In Training– Eliminate need for “original”
docs– Prorated fees
• Administrative changes:– Combine Op Cert/Backflow in
one unit– Give credit for “related
experience” at Level I– Streamline reciprocity process
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PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISIONDrinking Water Services
Developing a Standard:• Health risk reduction and cost
analysis.• MCL Goal, health based,
unenforceable.• MCL, as close to MCLG as
feasible, cost/benefit, enforced.• Treatment technique when
MCL is not feasible.• Review every 6 years.
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Deciding whether a new Standard is needed:• Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring• Contaminant Candidate List. • Every 5 yrs evaluate at least 5
contaminants. 3 Criteria:– Health risk– Occurrence– Risk Reduction
Responding to Unregulated Contaminants
Process of developing MCLs is very rigorous
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PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISIONDrinking Water Services
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Responding to Unregulated Contaminants
Chart1
1976
1979
1987
1989
1991
1992
1995
1998
2000
2001
2002
2006
2007
2013
Year
Year
No. of regulated contaminants
22
23
31
35
62
84
83
90
91
91
91
94
94
94
Sheet1
No of MCLsYear
197622
197923
198731
198935
199162
199284
199583
199890
200091
200191
200291
200694
200794
201394
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PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISIONDrinking Water Services
Responding to Unregulated Contaminants• MCLs based on evaluation of
cost vs benefit in risk reduction.
• EPA has published Health Advisory Levels for some contaminants lacking MCLs.
• HALs only consider potential health impacts, not cost, and are unenforceable.
• Should we treat HALs as de facto MCLs?
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PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISIONDrinking Water Services
With Cyanotoxins we did adopt HALs as standards:• Temp Rules as of July 1.• PWS with surface water
sources susceptible to HABs• Surveillance monitoring of raw
water biweekly• Increased frequency with
detections• Public notice if in finished
water• Advisory if exceeds HALs
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Responding to Unregulated Contaminants
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PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISIONDrinking Water Services
Part 3. Summary
• Drinking Water program facing resource constraints.
• Growing need for infrastructure investment, seismic planning.
• Need to remove barriers for Operators entering the field or State.
• Dealing with unregulated contaminants is a thorny issue.
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PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISIONDrinking Water Services
Conclusions
• Public confidence has been damaged by Flint and local events.
• Drinking water is safer than its ever been.
• Need to be transparent to earn public trust.
• Need to invest in resources to meet future challenges.
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PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISIONDrinking Water Services
Working together to keep drinking water safe for all Oregonians.
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Drinking Water Services�Program UpdateOutlinePublic AttitudesPublic Trust in GovernmentPublic Attitudes about Drinking WaterPublic Attitudes about Drinking WaterPublic Attitudes about Drinking WaterPublic Attitudes about Drinking WaterPublic Attitudes about Drinking WaterPublic Attitudes about Drinking WaterPublic Attitudes about Drinking WaterPublic Attitudes about Drinking WaterPart 1. SummarySafe Drinking WaterDrinking Water and Infectious DiseaseDrinking Water TreatmentDrinking Water TreatmentDrinking Water TreatmentDrinking Water Regulation U.S. Waterborne OutbreaksOregon Waterborne Outbreaks Small system compliance in ORReducing exposure to LeadReducing exposure to Lead in SchoolsPercent of Oregon children tested with blood lead level >= 5 ug/dl 2010-2016Portland Crypto Variance RevocationSalem CyanotoxinsPart 2. SummaryChallenges AheadFederal Landscape—Eroded fundingSlide Number 32Slide Number 33Impacts of reduced staffingGetting ready for CascadiaNext Generation of Operators Slide Number 38Responding to Unregulated ContaminantsResponding to Unregulated ContaminantsPart 3. SummaryConclusions