INITIAL REPORT

From : GROUP B3 To : SIR ABID

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING.UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, TAXILA .

PROJECT TITLE

“WORKING MODEL OF A PEDESTAL DRILL PRESS”

OBJECTIVES

To study the construction and mechanism of a drill press.

To knew about the various types and forms of drills over ages.

To got a practical over view of the drilling process and the construction of this machine

tool and the various operations of a the drill press.

To observe the fabrication and availability of parts and material over local area and got a

practical approach.

To cover the demand of the syllabus.

INTRODUCTION TO THE DRILL PRESS

A drill is a tool fitted with a rotating cutting tool, usually a drill bit, used for drilling holes in various materials. The cutting tool is gripped by a chuck at one end of the drill and rotated while pressed against the target material. The tip of the cutting tool does the work of cutting into the target material.

It is generally called as twistdrill, since it has a sharp twisted edges formed around a cylindrical tool provided with a helical groove along its length to allow the cut material to escape through it.

History

The various drills in sequence of history are Bow drills ,pump drills, drill press and electric drills.

Power sources

Manually powered Pneumatically powered Electric powered(motors) Engine powered etc

Types of drill machines

(a) General purpose drilling machines of common use. Table top small sensitive drilling machine. Pillar drilling machine. Radial drilling machine. CNC column drilling machine.

(b) General purpose drilling machines with specific use.

Hand drills. Gang drilling machine. Turret (type) drilling machine. Multispindle drilling machine. Micro (or mini) drilling machine. Deep hole drilling machine.

Classification of drilling machines

General purpose drills may be classified as:

According to material(High speed steel and Cemented carbides is most common ) According to size(w.r.t diameter) According to number of flutes. According to helix angle of the flute. According to length to diameter ratio According to shank. According to specific applications.

Operations of a drill

Boring

Boring is done on a drilling machine to increase the size of an already drilled hole.

Counter boring

It is to increase the size of a hole at one end only through a small depth .

Countersinking

It is the operation of making the end of a hole into a conical shape .It is done using a counter sinking tool.

Spot facing

Spot facing is a machining operation where material is removed from a surface to make it flat and smooth, usually for a fastener or bearing.

Tapping

To make internal threads on a cylindrical surface.

Reaming

Reaming is the process of smoothening the surface of the drilled holes with a reamer.

USING THE DRILL PRESS

The following steps can be used as a guideline for drilling a hole in metal orplastic:

Step 1: Drill a center drill hole to start the hole. Note: The center drill should leave an opening big enough to give the first drill a place to start cutting.

Step 2: As a rule you should always start with a 1/8th" drill and increase the drill size by 1/8th" increments until the required drill size is approached.

Step 3: Use the final drill size. Note: If a hole must be an exact size at finish then a reamer must be used. A hole approximately 1/64th" smaller then the size desired should be drilled before finishing the hole with a reamer.

After the detail study of drills and their uses we selected drill press as our project so as the basic types of drill press are pedestal drill, upright drill, radial drill, gang drill, multi spindle drill, upright drill, micro drill and CNC turret drill. It should be clear that the drill press is a bit different from generally drill in a way that it puts on a vertical pressure i.e. under out control on the work piece.

the drill press we selected is the pedestal drill. Firstly we will observe the main parts of a drill press.

Basic parts

Base.

Vertical guide post or column.

Electric motor.

Spindle and 3 jaw chuck.

Working table.

Drill bit.

Clamp.

Pulley and belt mechanism.

Driving wheels for adjustments.

Product specifications

Type pedestalDuty type laboratory working modelDrilling capacity 5mmMotor power 0.25 HPCutting tool twist drill bitMaterial of product cast iron, steel Work piece cast iron, steelMotor rpm 1400Table shape rectangularTable size 6 x 7.5 inch (predicted)Overall height 19 to 25 inchColoumn state hollowMechanism Pulley and beltWeight 30 kg (predicted)Expenditure aspected 20,000 PKR

Design of base proposed

Design of table and coloumn proposed

Design of head proposed