drill 1.what are some differences between the liquids used in the investigation? 2.using the terms...

DrillDrill1.What are some differences between the

liquids used in the investigation?

2.Using the terms isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic, explain the changes in mass of the 2 eggs.

3.Would you expect the same results if you used eggs that were still in their shells?

-Introduction: Respiration

-Midterms: 5 minutes

Objectives

Photosynthesis and Photosynthesis and Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration

Outline

I. Cellular Respiration

A. Introduction

B. Reactions (Anaerobic and Aerobic)

II. Photosynthesis

A. Introduction

B. Reactions

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Pick a color

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

What is ATP?

-Adenosine Triphosphate-Energy used by all cells-Organic molecules containing high-energy phosphate bonds

HYDROLYSIS (Adding HHYDROLYSIS (Adding H22O)O)

H2O

Copyright CmassengaleCopyright Cmassengale

Break bonds…..ENERGY!Break bonds…..ENERGY!

An Enzyme!An Enzyme!


Remaking ATPRemaking ATP

ATP Synthetase-ATP Synthetase-

an enzyme that builds ATP from ADPan enzyme that builds ATP from ADP


The ADP-ATP CycleThe ADP-ATP Cycle

ATP-aseATP-aseATP ATP SynthetaseSynthetase


Homework due 1/24/2012Homework due 1/24/2012

Read pages 221-225

Complete questions on page 237:#1-6, 10, 12-15

Structure of a MitochondriaStructure of a Mitochondria

Inner membraneInner membrane Composed of folds or Composed of folds or

shelves called shelves called cristae.cristae. The electron transport The electron transport

chain occurs along the chain occurs along the cristae.cristae.

Outer membraneOuter membrane Intermembrane spaceIntermembrane space

Gel filled space between Gel filled space between the outer and inner the outer and inner membranemembrane

MatrixMatrix Gel-like fluid inside the Gel-like fluid inside the

inner membraneinner membrane

Inner membraneInner membrane Composed of folds or Composed of folds or

shelves called shelves called cristae.cristae. The electron transport The electron transport

chain occurs along the chain occurs along the cristae.cristae.

Outer membraneOuter membrane Intermembrane spaceIntermembrane space

Gel filled space between Gel filled space between the outer and inner the outer and inner membranemembrane

MatrixMatrix Gel-like fluid inside the Gel-like fluid inside the

inner membraneinner membrane

Cell RespirationCell Respiration

Occurs in Cytoplasm

Occurs in Matrix

Occurs across Cristae


Glycolysis

To the electron transport chain

2 ADP2 ATP2 ATP

Glucose

2 molecules of pyruvate

2 molecules of G3P

2 ADP 2 ATP2 ATP

2 ADP2 ATP2 ATP

NAD+NADHNADH

NAD+ NADHNADH

Occurs in the cytoplasm• Begins both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.• A 10 step process.

Requires an input of energy to initiate the reaction.

Adapted from Glycolysis © Pearson Education, Inc.

An overview of cellular respiration

Figure 9.6

Electronscarried

via NADH

GlycolsisGlucose Pyruvate

ATP

Substrate-levelphosphorylation

Electrons carried via NADH and

FADH2

Citric acid cycle

Oxidativephosphorylation:electron transport

andchemiosmosis

ATPATP

Substrate-levelphosphorylation

Oxidativephosphorylation

MitochondrionCytosol

When you exercise, your body uses oxygen to get energy from glucose, a 6-carbon

sugar

1. How does your body feel at the start of exercise, such as a long slow run? How do you feel 1 minute into the run; 10 minutes into the run?

2. What do you think is happening in your cells to cause the changes in how you feel?

3. Have you ever had a stomach cramp while exercising? Think about what was happening when that occurred.

GlycolysisGlycolysis

To the electron transport chain

2 ADP2 ATP2 ATP

Glucose

2 molecules of pyruvate

2 molecules of G3P

2 ADP 2 ATP2 ATP

2 ADP2 ATP2 ATP

NAD+ NADHNADH

NAD+ NADHNADH

Occurs in the cytoplasm• Begins both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.• A 10 step process.

Requires an input of energy to initiate the reaction.

Adapted from Glycolysis © Pearson Education, Inc.

Cellular Respiration: GLYCOLYSIS

– Reactions to hydrolyze a 6-C glucose molecule into two 3-C molecules called pyruvate/pyruvic acid

– All organisms from simple bacteria to humans perform it the same way

– Cytoplasm & Anaerobic

*Input: 2 ATP molecules

*Yield: 2 ATP molecules/ glucose molecule

*Yield: 2 NADH/ glucose molecule

•Produces 2 NADH and 4 ATP•Pyruvate is oxidized to Acetyl CoA and CO2 is removed

Anaerobic Cellular Respiration

Some organisms thrive in little or no oxygen– Marshes, bogs, gut of animals, sewage treatment ponds

No more ATP:

final steps in these pathways serve ONLY to regenerate NAD+ so it can return to pick up more electrons and hydrogens in glycolysis.

Produces: ethanol and CO2 (single cell fungi (yeast)

in beer/bread) or lactic acid (muscle cells)

FermentationFermentation

Occurs when O2 NOT present (anaerobic)

Called Lactic Acid fermentation in muscle cells (makes muscles tired)

Called Alcoholic fermentation in yeast (produces ethanol)

Nets only 2 ATPCopyright CmassengaleCopyright Cmassengale

Fermentation

LAB

Review Lab Procedure Pre-lab questions Lab Lab Report.

http://photography.nationalgeographic.com/staticfiles/NGS/Shared/StaticFiles/Photography/Images/POD/m/micro-yeast-522314-sw.jpg

WHIP AROUNDStand up with a partner, back to back,

with both individuals easily viewing the board

True or FalseTrue or False

Glucose and oxygen are the reactants Glucose and oxygen are the reactants of cellular respirationof cellular respiration


Photosynthesis takes place in the Photosynthesis takes place in the mitochondrial matrixmitochondrial matrix


Fermentation yields only 2 ATPFermentation yields only 2 ATP


The Krebs cycle yields 2 pyruvic acidThe Krebs cycle yields 2 pyruvic acid


Aerobic respiration is the most Aerobic respiration is the most efficient manner of energy productionefficient manner of energy production

1.When ATP is recharged, that means that a ___________ is being added onto _______.

2.When ATP is spent or used, that means that a ___________ is taken off of ______ _.

3. _________can be compared to a fully-charged battery_________can be compared to a run-down battery.

4. Energy is stored for use by cells in ATP molecules. What is the source of that energy?

Wednesday February 2, 2011

1) Review and collect yeast problem2) Aerobic respiration-Krebs cycle3) Quiz: Monday4) HW: posted online

Read pg 220-227pg 237 q. 1-10, 12-13-14-15

Aerobic Cellular Respiration Aerobic Cellular Respiration

Oxygen required=aerobicOxygen required=aerobic 2 more sets of reactions which occur in a 2 more sets of reactions which occur in a

specialized structure within the cell called the specialized structure within the cell called the mitochondriamitochondria 1. Kreb’s Cycle1. Kreb’s Cycle 2. Electron Transport Chain2. Electron Transport Chain

Kreb’s CycleKreb’s Cycle

Completes the breakdown of glucoseCompletes the breakdown of glucose Takes the pyruvate (3-carbons) and breaks it down, Takes the pyruvate (3-carbons) and breaks it down,

the carbon and oxygen atoms end up in COthe carbon and oxygen atoms end up in CO22 and H and H22OO Hydrogens and electrons are stripped and loaded onto Hydrogens and electrons are stripped and loaded onto

NADNAD++ and FAD to produce NADH and FADH2 and FAD to produce NADH and FADH2 Production of only 2 more ATPProduction of only 2 more ATP but loads up but loads up

the coenzymes with Hthe coenzymes with H++ and electrons which and electrons which move to the 3move to the 3rdrd stage stage

Krebs CycleKrebs Cycle

Electron Transport ChainElectron Transport Chain

Electron carriers loaded with electrons and Electron carriers loaded with electrons and protons from the Kreb’s cycle move to this protons from the Kreb’s cycle move to this chain-like a series of steps (staircase).chain-like a series of steps (staircase).

As electrons drop down stairs, energy released As electrons drop down stairs, energy released to to form a total of 32 ATPform a total of 32 ATP

Oxygen waits at bottom of staircase, picks up Oxygen waits at bottom of staircase, picks up electrons and protons and in doing so becomes electrons and protons and in doing so becomes water water

Electron TransportElectron Transport

Figure 8.14 Electron transport occurs along the mitochondrial membrane.

Energy TallyEnergy Tally

36 ATP for aerobic vs. 2 ATP for anaerobic36 ATP for aerobic vs. 2 ATP for anaerobic

Glycolysis Glycolysis 2 ATP2 ATP

Kreb’s Kreb’s 2 ATP2 ATP

Electron TransportElectron Transport 32 ATP32 ATP 36 ATP36 ATP

Anaerobic organisms can’t be too energetic but Anaerobic organisms can’t be too energetic but are important for global recycling of carbonare important for global recycling of carbon

A Summary of GlycolysisA Summary of Glycolysis

ProcessProcess WhereWhere in the in the cell does this cell does this

process occur?process occur?

What are the What are the reactantsreactants of of this process?this process?

What are the What are the products products of this of this

process?process?

How many How many ATPATP are generated?are generated?

Glycolysis Net of Net of 2 ATP2 ATP

2 ADP2 ADP4 ATP4 ATP2 NADH2 NADH2 pyruvate2 pyruvate

Glucose (C6H12O6)2 ATP4 ADP2 NAD+

Cytoplasm

4

4

A Summary of the Krebs CycleA Summary of the Krebs Cycle





process?process?


Krebs Cycle 2 ATP2 ATP2 ATP2 ATP8 NADH8 NADH6 CO6 CO22

2 FADH2 FADH22

2 pyruvate2 ADP2 FAD8 NAD+

MitochondriaMatrix

A Summary of Electron TransportA Summary of Electron Transport





process?process?


Electron Transport

32 ATP32 ATP32 ATP32 ATP10 NAD10 NAD++

6 H6 H22OO

2 FAD2 FAD

2 FADH2

32 ADP10 NADH6 O2

Inner Membrane of the Mitochondria

A Summary of Cellular RespirationA Summary of Cellular Respiration





process?process?


Glycolysis

Cytoplasm

Krebs Cycle

Mitochondrial Matrix

Electron Transport

Inner Membrane of

the Mitochondria

32 ATP32 ATP10 NAD10 NAD++

6 H6 H22OO

2 FAD2 FAD

2 FADH2

32 ADP10 NADH6 O26 O2

GlucoseGlucose2 ADP2 NAD+

2 ATP2 ATP2 NADH2 NADH2 pyruvate2 pyruvate

2 pyruvate2 ADP2 FAD8 NAD+

2 ATP2 ATP8 NADH8 NADH6 CO6 CO22

2 FADH2 FADH22

++

++

drill 1.what are some differences between the liquids used in the investigation? 2.using the terms...

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