Drill 10/28

What made Baltimore such a divided city at the dawn of the Civil War?

Maryland was a “border state” – A southern slave state that did not break from the

union– Mayor of Baltimore – Pro-South– Police Chief – Pro South– Governor of MD – Pro-Union

Result of the Riots

Union troops enter Baltimore and it is put under Martial (Military) Law

Lincoln and the MD Governor suspend habeas corpus

– Pro-Confederate legislators are kept out of commission

MD “votes” to stay in the union Why was it so important that MD stay in the Union

after Virginia had left?

Objective: SWBAT

Analyze both the social and political effects of the Emancipation Proclamation

Identify key people in the Civil War

Drill 10/29

What were the immediate POLITICAL effects of the Emancipation Proclamation?

Drill 10/29

The Emancipation MADE slavery a key issue of the war– To support the south now meant you were

actively supporting slavery– Any foreign influence that the CSA could have

hoped to get was now lost In the north it raised questions of equality

– Freedom was one thing, equality was something WHOLLLY different

Objective: SWBAT

Identify key terminology and figures of the Civil War

The Civil War EAST vs. West?

Very little activity takes place north of the Mason Dixon line

So historians have divided the “theaters” of the civil war into East and West

Eastern Theater

Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania

Western Theater

The deep South, Texas, Arkansas

The Civil War

Important Figures

Union – George B McClellan

Organizer of the “Army of the Potomac”

General-in-chief of the Union Army (11/1861-3/1862)

Important Battles– Peninsular Campaign– Maryland– Antietam

Suffered numerous defeats early on, would be fired

“If General McClellan does not wish to use the army, then I suggest he give it to me for a time”

– Lincoln

Union – Wm. Tecumseh Sherman

Major General Commander of forces in the

Western Theater Important Battles

– Shiloh– Vicksburg– Chattanooga– The March to the Sea

Proponent of “scorched Earth” tactics

Total War against the South

Confederate – Thomas Jonathan “Stonewall” Jackson

Major General Earned his nickname at Bull

Run (First Manassas) Important Battles

– Bull Run (First Manassas)– Valley Campaign– Northern Virginia Campaign– MD Campaign

Antietam

– Chancellorsville – Vicksburg

Confederate – Robert E. Lee

General – Army of Northern Virginia

Highest ranking general in the CSA

Most respected military figure in the South and North

Long military history– Ancestor signed the Declaration of

Independence Important Battles

– Siege if Richmond– Northern VA campaigns – Gettysburg

CW – The Civil War Begins

This was to be your homework yesterday – sorry for the repeating Guided Readings in class

Work with a partner if you like.

Recap

We have discussed and your book has told you why Lee was considered such an important person.

What did a person like Le

Drill 10/30

Identify the following– McClellan– Sherman– Jackson– Lee

Objective: SWBAT

Identify key battles of the Civil War Analyze the key turning point in the war

The dawn of War

Lincoln and the Federal Government is still hoping to end this with as little bloodshed as possible

The Naval Blockade of the South– “The Anaconda Plan”– Limit the supplies, making them unable to fight

The Union struggles in the east

Confederate – Army of Northern Virginia (AoNV)– Lee

Union – Army of the Potomac (AotP)– McClellan– Maj. Gen. Ambrose Burnside– Maj. Gen John Hooker– Maj. Gen. George Meade

The Union Struggles in the East

The Union went through so many generals because none could defeat Lee

Lee secured key victories proving he was a superior general even with inferior forces

Emboldened by these victories Lee would strike the Union

Battle of Antietam (9/17/1862)

Near Sharpsburg, MD AotP – 87,000 troops AoNV – 45,000 troops Single bloodiest day in American military

history– Over 23,000 casualties– 7:30 am – 4:30 pm

Antietam

The first battle on Northern soil McClellan is able to withstand Lee’s army

and send them back into Virginia McClellan refused to pursue them

– Lee’s army remained unbroken– Lincoln fires McClellan for his failure

Classwork – Let’s try this mapping thing again

I know, you already saw this map – bear with me

Today and tomorrow we will be using this map to track battles

Today you are going to focus on the Eastern Theater

Classwork- Eastern Theater battles

Using your books (pg 176 - )

On the map locate the battle and identify the result and date(s) of the following battles

Identify – First Bull Run– Chancellorsville – Fredricksburg– Seven Day’s Battle– Antietam

On the back answer these questions:– Why did the failure at Antietam cause Lincoln to fire

McClellan? Did Lincoln’s initial desire for a lack of bloodshed play into McClellan’s actions?

Drill 10/30

Why did Lincoln end up firing McClellan?– McClellan was reluctant to directly engage Robert

E Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia, angering Lincoln.

Objective: SWBAT

Identify key union victories in the West Analyze the effects of Sherman’s “March to

the Sea” on the current and post-war Southern Economy.

The Western Theater

For all the trouble that the Union was having in the East they were succeeding in the West

Other Confederate generals (such as Braxton Bragg) made multiple tactical errors

Grant made Bragg pay for these mistakes

Grant’s Western campaign

Beginning with a narrow victory at Shiloh (TN)– Another 100,000 casualties

A series of crushing victories for the Union Grant’s forces drove down the Western half

of the Confederacy– The goal was to cut the confederacy in half and

sieze the largest city and port, New Orleans

Grants success

Grant’s campaign began in February, 1862 in TN

By June of 1862 Grant’s army had control of New Orleans – Effectively cutting off the Confederacy’s largest

port– The confederacy would be increasingly cut-off

from necessary trade and supplies as the war dragged on

CW today – complete the maps we were working on yesterday

Finish outlining the Eastern Front battles from yesterday

Also, look on the board for the list of battles in the Western Front and the additional questions on the back

Also, get out the Guided Reading 4.2 That will be collected at the end of the day

Classwork- Eastern Theater battles

Using your books (pg 176 - )

On the map locate the battle and identify the result and date(s) of the following battles

Identify – First Bull Run– Chancellorsville – Fredricksburg– Seven Day’s Battle– Antietam

On the back answer these questions:– Why did the failure at Antietam cause Lincoln to fire

McClellan? Did Lincoln’s initial desire for a lack of bloodshed play into McClellan’s actions?

Drill 11/7

What is guerilla war? Why were the Federal Forces so afraid of the prospect of Guerilla War in the south?

Objective: SWBAT

Analyze the immediate impact of Abraham Lincoln’s assassination on North/ South Relations

The Assassination of Lincoln

April 14, 1865 The first successful assassination of a sitting

President – The first attempt was against Andrew Jackson in

1826

Ford’s Theater, Washington DC

The Conspirators

Louis Powell

John Wilkes Booth

George Atzerodt

The first plot

1865 Lincoln easily wins re-election The Confederacy is failing The Southern sympathizers are growing

nervous US Grant had ended the system of prisoner

exchange– Hurting the south’s ability to replenish troops

The first plot

Booth and his conspirators plan to kidnap the President in order to exchange him for Confederate prisoners

On March 17, 1865 Lincoln was supposed to be seeing a production of Still Waters Run Deep at a military hospital

Lincoln’s planned changed and the plot failed

It becomes assassination

Booth will kill Lincoln Powell will be assigned to kill William Seward Atzerodt is told to kill Andrew Johnson

April 14, 1865

Lincoln will be attending a production of Our American Cousin

Booth plans well– He knows the layout of the theater – He knows the side-streets of DC– His escape route has been planned – He has more conspirators waiting for him in southern MD

They will all strike simultaneously just after 10pm The conspirators will escape to safety in Virginia

The Assassination

Lincoln is shot once in the back of the head– Booth leaps down from the box, breaking his leg in the

process– Stands center-stage and shouts “Sic Semper Tyranus”

(Thus always to tyrants) Louis Powell breaks into Seward’s room and stabs

him multiple times– Seward is unharmed due to a metal brace

Atzerodt gets cold feet and never attempts to kill Johnson

CW: The Reaction

Short BCR – write on your homework from last night

Lincoln was coming under fire from the political north for taking a soft stance on Reconstruction. How would the assassination of Lincoln effect the negotiations surrounding reconstruction?

The escape

Booth rides fast to the southern bridge leaving the city

Another conspirator David Herold is waiting for him

Booth needs medical attention– They find a doctor, Henry Mudd, he sets the leg

Federal Authorities will chase Booth for 12 days through Southern MD and VA

The Trial

Booth does not live to see trial– He is killed in a standoff with Union troops

Powell is captured at the tavern of Mary Suratt in Surattsville, MD

– She calims she doesn’t know him – this is a lie she is arrested

Atzerodt is caught in DC Nearly a dozen people are arrested, the government

focuses on eight suspects

The Trial

Suratt, Powell, Herold and Atzerodt are sentenced to death by hanging– The first woman executed by the US government

Others, including Dr. Samuel Mudd are sentenced to life in Prison– Though they will be pardoned the following year

Drill 11/10

What were Booth’s reasons for shooting Lincoln– Hoped to “decapitate” the Federal Government

this would but the CSA time to regroup– Lincoln’s views toward African-American

citizenship did not help matters

Objective: SWBAT

Identify the first phases of Reconstruction in America

Analyze the impact of Radical republicanism on Reconstruction

The end of the war

Two major surrenders – Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox

Courthouse– Johnston surrenders to Sherman at Greensboro,

NC

War effectively over– Some in the Confederate government holding out– Fighting in Texas

How do we rebuild

RECONSTRUCTION– Period in American history describing the attempt

to rebuild the country after the Civil War– 1863-1877

Main issues

How do the Confederate States regain their place in government?

How will former Confederates be treated? What is the status of “Freedmen”

– Freedmen – the name given to former slaves during the Reconstruction Era

Three Phases of Reconstruction

Presidential Reconstruction (1863-1866)– Controlled by Lincoln and then Johnson

Radical Reconstruction (1866-1872)– Controlled by the “Radical” faction of the

Republican Party

Southern Reconstruction (“Redemption”) (1873-1877)– South regains complete control

Radical Republicanism

Thaddeus Stevens One of the more powerful Republicans in

congress Fervent abolitionist Anti-south

Drill 11/11

What are the three major issues involved with Reconstruction?

Main issues

How do the Confederate States regain their place in government?

How will former Confederates be treated? What is the status of “Freedmen”

– Freedmen – the name given to former slaves during the Reconstruction Era

Objective: SWBAT

Compare, Contrast the three plans at the beginning of the Reconstruction Era

Analyze the impact of Lincoln’s assassination on Reconstruction efforts

Review Thaddeus Stevens

Thaddeus Stevens One of the more powerful Republicans in congress Fervent abolitionist Anti-south

– Holds the south solely responsible for the war and union lives lost

– Wants to make them pay

Stevens is emblematic of typical Radical Republicanism at the time

The Reconstruction debate

With a partner read the handout and answer the following questions:

– Describe Lincoln’s plan, the Wade-Davis Bill and Johnson’s plan

Of the three which is the most harsh, which is most lenient and why?

– What is Lincoln’s reaction to the Wade – Davis Bill? How does Congress answer?

– How does Lincoln’s assassination impact the debate?– Predict: Why does Johnson soften his views during his

Presidency?

REVIEW

Complete the Review assignments for sections 4.1,2 and 3

On the back of each complete the Critical Thinking

Also with two partners, compile a short list of four (4) ESSAY questions that you feel someone SHOULD know.