drell-yan with fixed target at rhic
DESCRIPTION
Drell-Yan with Fixed Target at RHIC. “RHIC Spin: The Next Decade” at Iowa State University May 15 th , 2010 Yuji Goto (RIKEN/RBRC). Drell-Yan experiment. The simplest process in hadron-hadron reactions No QCD final state effect Fermilab E866 Flavor asymmetry of sea-quark distribution. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Drell-Yan with Fixed Targetat RHIC
“RHIC Spin: The Next Decade”at Iowa State University
May 15th, 2010Yuji Goto (RIKEN/RBRC)
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Drell-Yan experiment• The simplest process in hadron-
hadron reactions
– No QCD final state effect
• Fermilab E866– Flavor asymmetry of sea-quark
distribution
DIS Drell-Yan
)(
)(1
2
1~
2 2
2
xu
xdpp
pd
012.0118.0)]()([
011.00803.0)]()([
CTEQ5Mwith
1
0
35.0
015.0
xuxddx
xuxddx
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Drell-Yan experiment• Flavor asymmetry of sea-quark distribution
– Possible origins• meson-cloud model
– virtual meson-baryon state• chiral quark model• instanton model• chiral quark soliton model
– + in the proton as an origin of anti-d quark• pseudo-scaler meson should have orbital angular momentum in
the proton…
• Polarized Drell-Yan experiment– Not yet done!– Many new inputs for remaining proton-spin puzzle
• flavor asymmetry of the sea-quark polarization• transversity distribution• transverse-momentum dependent (TMD) distributions
– Sivers function, Boer-Mulders function, etc.
, , npp
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Single transverse-spin asymmetry• Sivers effect
– Correlation between nucleon transverse spin and parton transverse momentum (Sivers distribution function)
– Related to the orbital angular momentum in the proton (and the shape of the proton)
• Multi-dimensional structure of the proton
– Initial-state or final-state interaction with remnant partons
Anselmino, et al., PRD79, 054010 (2009)
J-PARC50-GeVpolarized beams ~ 10 GeV
RHICcolliders = 200 GeV
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Sivers function measurement• Sign of Sivers function determined by single transverse-spin
(SSA) measurement of DIS and Drell-Yan processes– Should be opposite each other
• Initial-state interaction or final-state interaction with remnant partons
• < 1% level multi-points measurements have already been done for SSA of DIS process– x = 0.005 – 0.3 (more sensitive in lower-x region)
• comparable level measurement needs to be done for SSA of Drell-Yan process for comparison
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J-PARC and/or RHIC• J-PARC
– Advantage• High intensity = high luminosity
– Disadvantage• Smaller cross section (at the same invariant mass)
– Uncertainties• Availability of 50 GeV beam• Polarized proton beam?
• RHIC– Advantage
• Polarized proton beam available• Larger cross section (at the same invariant mass)
– Disadvantage• Luminosity?
– Collider or fixed-target (internal-target) experiment
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FNAL-E906 dimuon spectrometer
25m
Solid IronSolid Iron Focusing
Magnet, Hadron
absorber and beam
dump
4.9m
Mom. Meas.
(KTeV Magnet)
Ha
dro
n A
bso
rbe
r
Station 1:
Hodoscope array
MWPC tracking
Station 2 and 3:
Hodoscope array
Drift Chamber tracking
Station 4:
Hodoscope array
Prop tube tracking
Liquid H2, d2, and solid targets
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PYTHIA simulation with IP2 configuration• IP2 configuration shown in the next slide
– detector components from FNAL-E906 apparatus• E906: total z-length ~25 m• IP2: available z-lengh ~14 m
– z-length of FMAG (1st magnet) is shortened• because of limited z-length at IP2
• PYTHIA simulation– s = 22 GeV (Elab = 250 GeV)– luminosity assumption 10,000 pb-1
• 10 times larger luminosity necessary than collider experiments• because of ~10 times smaller cross section acceptance (in the same
mass region)– M = 4.5 8 GeV– acceptance for Drell-Yan dimuon signal is studied– momentum resolution (geometric) 6 10-4 p (GeV/c)– background rate needs to be studied
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Internal target position
IP2 (overplotted on BRAHMS)
DXDOQ1
DX
20 TON
CRANE LIMIT
20 TON
CRANE LIMITCRANE LIMIT
20 TON
CRANE LIMIT
20 TON
POWER PANELS
C
SCALE
0 5' 10'
CRYOGENIC PIPINGCRYOGENIC PIPING
DO Q1 Q2 Q3DO
1EF3
1EF4
2XAV12XAV2
2XEF1
C.O.D.P .
6 each Blocks
3'W X 4'-6 "H X 4'L
3/ 8Ty p
3/ 8Ty p
3/ 8Ty p
3/ 8Ty p
36X80 Man D oorKeyed B B11 &
Card R eader Ac cess
48 X 54 F resh AirInl et G ravity D amper
Q03 Q02 Q01 D0 DXIP
Q03 Q02 Q01 D0 DXIP
36X80 Man D oor
Keyed B B11 &
Card R eader Ac cess
48 X 54 F resh Air
Inl et G ravity D amper
FMAG 3.9 mMom.kick2.1 GeV/c
KMAG 2.4 mMom.kick0.55 GeV/c
St.4MuID
14 m18 m
St.1St.2 St.3
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all generated dumuonfrom Drell-Yan
passed through FMAG
passed through St. 1
passed through St. 2
passed through St. 3
accepted by all detectors
Drell-Yan at IP2
rapidity E1 vs E2 (accepted events)
E1, E2: energy of dimuonsenergy cut shown ~10 GeV
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Drell-Yan at IP2
accepted4.5 - 8 GeV/c2
4.5 - 5 GeV/c2
5 - 6 GeV/c2
6 - 8 GeV/c2
rapidity
x1
xF
pT
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Drell-Yan at IP2• About 50,000 events
for 10,000 pb-1
• x1 vs x2 (accepted events)– x1: x of beam proton
(polarized)– x2: x of target proton
Mass(GeV/c2) Total
Rapidity 45 – 50 50 – 60 60 – 80 45 – 80
-0.4 – 0 3.1 K 3.1 K 1.4 K 7.6 K
0 – 0.4 6.2 K 6.1 K 3.0 K 15.3 K
0.4 – 0.8 7.6 K 6.4 K 2.3 K 16.3 K
0.8 – 1.2 4.4 K 2.5 K 0.4 K 7.3 K
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Collider vs fixed-target• x1 & x2 coverage
– Collider experiment with PHENIX muon arm (simple PYTHIA simulation)• s = 500 GeV• Angle & E cut only
– 1.2 < || < 2.2 (0.22 < || < 0.59), E > 2, 5, 10 GeV– (no magnetic field, no detector acceptance)
• luminosity assumption 1,000 pb-1
• M = 4.5 8 GeV• Single arm: x1 = 0.05 – 0.1 (x2 = 0.001 – 0.002)
– Very sensitive x-region of SIDIS data– Fixed-target experiment
• x1 = 0.25 – 0.4 (x2 = 0.1 – 0.2)– Can explore higher-x region with better sensitivity
PHENIX muon arm (angle & E cut only)
x1
x2 x2
x1
Fixed-target experiment
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Fixed-target experiment• Phase-1: parasitic experiment (with other collider
experiments)– Beam intensity 2×1011×10MHz = 21018/sec– Cluster or pellet target 1015/cm2
• 50 times thinner than RHIC CNI carbon target
– Luminosity 2×1033/cm2/sec– 10,000pb-1 with 5×106sec
• 8 weeks, or 3 years (10 weeks×3) with efficiency and live time
– Reaction rate 2×1033×50mb = 108/sec = 100MHz– Beam lifetime 2×1011×100bunch / 108 = 2×105sec (at
longest)• More factor to make the lifetime shorter, but expected to be still
long enough
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Fixed-target experiment• Phase-2: dedicated experiment
– Beam intensity 2×1011×30MHz = 6×1018/sec– Cluster, pellet or solid target 1016/cm2
• 5 times thinner than RHIC CNI carbon target– Luminosity 6×1034/cm2/sec– 10,000pb-1 with 2×105sec
• 3 days, or 2 weeks with efficiency and live time– Or 50,000pb-1 with 106sec
• 2 weeks, or 8 weeks with efficiency and live time– Reaction rate 6×1034×50mb = 3×109/sec = 3GHz– Beam lifetime 2×1011×300bunch / 3×109 = 2×104sec ~
6hours• More factor to make the lifetime shorter• Special short-interval operation necessary
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Physics• Experimental sensitivity
– Phase-1 (parasitic operation)• L = 2×1033 cm-2s-1
• 10,000 pb-1 with 5106 s ~ 8 weeks (1 year), or 3 years of beam time by considering efficiency and live time
– Phase-2 (dedicated operation)• L = 6×1034 cm-2s-1
• 50,000 pb-1 with 106 s ~ 2 weeks, or 8 weeks (1 year) of beam time by considering efficiency and live time
10,000 pb-1 (phase-1)50,000 pb-1 (phase-2)
Theory calculation:U. D’Alesio and S. Melis, private communication;M. Anselmino, et al., Phys. Rev. D79, 054010 (2009)
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pQCD studies of Drell-Yan cross section• pQCD correction can be controlled
NNLO calculationHamberg, van Neerven, Matsuura,Harlander, Kilgore
NLL, NNLL calculationYokoya, et al...
by Hiroshi Yokoya
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Letter of Intent• Author list
– ANL• D. F. Geesaman, R. E. Reimer, J. Rubin
– UIUC• M. Grosse Perdekamp, J.-C. Peng
– KEK• N. Saito, S. Sawada
– LANL• M. Brooks, X. Jiang, G. Kunde, M. J. Leitch, M. X. Liu, P. L. McGaughey
– RIKEN• Y. Fukao, Y. Goto, I. Nakagawa, R. Seidl, A. Taketani
– RBRC• K. Okada
– Stony Brook Univ.• A. Deshpande
– Tokyo Tech• K. Nakano, T.-A. Shibata
– Yamagata Univ.• N. Doshita, T. Iwata, K. Kondo, Y. Miyachi
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Fixed-target experiment• Internal target
– Storage cell target (polarized)• H2, D2, 3He
• 1014 / cm2
• HERMES
– Cluster jet target• H2, D2, N2, CH4, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, …
• 1014 – 1015 / cm2
• CELSIUS (Uppsala), FNAL-E835, Muenster, COSY, GSI, …
– Pellet target• H2, D2, N2, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, …
• 1015 – 1016 / cm2
• CELSIUS (Uppsala), COSY, GSI, …
Double-spin experiment possibleLow density = low luminosityIssue to be used in the RHIC ring
High luminosityOnly single-spin experiment possible
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Cost and schedule• To be considered…• Cost
– Accelerator & experimental hall (IP2)• the most expensive part?
– Internal target• e.g. PANDA pellet target: $1.5M R&D, infrastructure + $1.5M
construction– Experimental apparatus
• FNAL-E906 magnet (modification) or other existing magnet at BNL• FNAL-E906 apparatus (modification) and/or new/existing apparatus
• Schedule– 2010-2013 FNAL-E906 beam time– 2011-13 accelerator R&D, internal target R&D + construction– 2014 experimental setup & commissioning at RHIC– 2015-2017 phase-1: parasitic experiment– 2018 phase-2: dedicated experiment
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Issues (as a summary)• Requirement for target thickness
– In phase-1 (parasitic operation), 1015 /cm2 thickness is necessary to achieve L = 21033 cm-2s-1
• Pellet target (~1015 /cm2) or cluster-jet target (up to 81014/cm2 ?) is necessary
• If it is not achieved, the internal-target experiment would not be competitive against collider experiments
• In collider experiments, L = 2(or 3)1032 is expected and cross section ( acceptance) is >10 times larger
– In phase-2 (dedicated operation), 10-times larger thickness, 1016 /cm2 is expected
• Requirement for accelerator– Compensation of dipole magnets in the experimental apparatus
• both beams need to be restored on axis in two colliding-beam operation– Size of the experimental site and possible target-position (with proper
beam operation)– Reaction rate (peak rate) and beam lifetime– Radiation issues
• Beam loss/dump requirement
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Backup slides
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Polarized Drell-Yan experiment• Single transverse-spin asymmetry
– Sivers function measurement– Transversity Boer-Mulders function
• Double transverse-spin asymmetry– Transversity (quark antiquark for p+p collisions)
• Double helicity asymmtry– Flavor asymmetry of quark polarization
• Other physics– Parity violation asymmetry?
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DIS Drell-Yan
“toy” QED
QCD
attractive repulsive
Sivers function measurement• Sign of Sivers function determined by single transverse-spin
(SSA) measurement of DIS and Drell-Yan processes– Should be opposite each other
• Initial-state interaction or final-state interaction with remnant partons– Test of TMD factorization– Explanation by Vogelsang and Yuan…
• From “Transverse-Spin Drell-Yan Physics at RHIC,” Les Bland, et al., May 1, 2007
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Single transverse-spin asymmetry• Sivers function measurement• Transversity Boer-Mulders function measurement
by Stefano Melis
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Polarized and unpolarized Drell-Yan experiment • ATT measurement
– h1(x): transversity• quark antiquark in p+p
collisions
• Unpolarized measurement– angular distribution of
unpolarized Drell-Yan– Boer-Mulders function
• violation of the Lam-Tung relation
2
2
21112
21112
cos1
)2cos(sinˆ
))21()()((
))21()()((
ˆ
21
SSTT
qqqq
qqqq
TTTT
a
xfxfe
xhxhe
aA
2 21 31 cos sin 2 cos sin cos 2
4 2
d
d
,
L.Y. Zhu,J.C. Peng, P. Reimer et al.hep-ex/0609005
With Boer-Mulders function h1┴:
ν(π-Wµ+µ-X)~valence h1┴(π)*valence h1
┴(p)
ν(pdµ+µ-X)~valence h1┴(p)*sea h1
┴(p)
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Polarized Drell-Yan experiment • Longitudinally-polarized measurement
– ALL measurement
– flavor asymmetry of sea-quark polarization• SIDIS data from HERMES, and new COMPASS data available• W data from RHIC will be available in the near future• Polarized Drell-Yan data will be able to cover higher-x region
Bhalerao, statistical modelCao & Signa, bag modelCao & Signa, meson cloudWakamatsu, CQSM SU(2)Wakamatsu, CQSM SU(3)
HERMES, PRD71: 012003, 2005
)( dux
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FNAL-E906 dimuon spectrometer
Solid iron magnet§ Reuse SM3 magnet coils§ Sufficient Field with reasonable coils
(amp-turns)§ Beam dumped within magnet
25m
Solid IronSolid Iron
Focusing Magnet,
Hadron absorber
and beam dump
4.9m
Mom. Meas.
(KTeV Magnet)
Had
ron
Abs
orbe
r
Station 1:
Hodoscope array
MWPC tracking
Station 2 and 3:
Hodoscope array
Drift Chamber tracking
Station 4:
Hodoscope array
Prop tube tracking
Liquid H2, d2, and solid targets
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pQCD studies of Drell-Yan cross section• pQCD correction can be controlled at J-PARC energy
NNLO calculationHamberg, van Neerven, Matsuura,Harlander, Kilgore
NLL, NNLL calculationYokoya, et al...
by Hiroshi Yokoya
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Collider experiment• Very simple PYTHIA simulation for
PHENIX muon arm– s = 500 GeV– Angle & E cut only
• 1.2 < || < 2.2 (0.22 < || < 0.59)• E > 2, 5, 10 GeV• (no magnetic field, no detector acceptance)
– RHIC-II luminosity assumption 1,000 pb-1
– M = 4.5 8 GeV
rapidity #event- 2.4, - 2.0 5K-2.0, - 1.6 28K-1.6, - 1.2 17K-0.4, 0.0 3K0.0, 0.4 3K1.2, 1.6 18K1.6, 2.0 31K2.0, 2.4 5K
110K events total with 2-GeV cut
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Collider experiment• “Transverse-Spin Drell-Yan
Physics at RHIC”– Les Bland, et al., May 1, 2007– s = 200 GeV– PHENIX muon arm– STAR FMS (Forward Muon
Spectrometer)– Large background from b-
quark– s = 500 GeV may be better…
• Higher luminosity and larger cross section
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Collider experiment• Very simple PYTHIA simulation for a dedicated
collider experiment– s = 500 GeV– Angle & E cut only
• || < 2.2• E > 2, 5, 10 GeV• (no magnetic field, no detector acceptance)
– RHIC-II luminosity assumption 1,000 pb-1
– M = 4.5 8 GeV rapidity #event- 2.4, - 2.0 5K-2.0, - 1.6 32K-1.6, - 1.2 53K-1.2, - 0.8 53K-0.8, - 0.4 60K-0.4, 0.0 70K0.0, 0.4 68K0.4, 0.8 60K0.8, 1.2 55K1.2, 1.6 54K1.6, 2.0 36K2.0, 2.4 5K
550K events totalwith 2-GeV cut
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Fixed-target experiment• Simple PYTHIA simulation for a fixed target experiement
– s = 22 GeV (Elab = 250 GeV)– Angle & E cut only
• 0.03 < < 0.1• E > 2, 5, 10 GeV• (no magnetic field, no detector acceptance)
– luminosity assumption 10,000 pb-1
• 10 times larger luminosity necessary than collider experiments• because of ~10 times smaller cross section acceptance
– M = 4.5 8 GeV
rapidity #event- 0.4, 0.0 1K0.0, 0.4 17K0.4, 0.8 14K0.8, 1.2 2K
35K events total with 10-GeV cut Red: E > 2 GeV cut Green: E > 5 GeV cut Blue: E > 10 GeV cut
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FNAL-E906 First Magnet (FMag)
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FNAL-E906 First Magnet (FMag)
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FNAL-E906 Second Magnet (KMag)
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experiment particles energy x1 or x2 luminosity
COMPASS + p 160 GeVs = 17.4 GeV
x2 = 0.2 – 0.3 2 × 1033 cm-2s-1
COMPASS (low mass) + p 160 GeVs = 17.4 GeV
x2 ~ 0.05 2 × 1033 cm-2s-1
PAX p + pbar colliders = 14 GeV
x1 = 0.1 – 0.9 2 × 1030 cm-2s-1
PANDA(low mass)
pbar + p 15 GeVs = 5.5 GeV
x2 = 0.2 – 0.4 2 × 1032 cm-2s-1
J-PARC p + p 50 GeVs = 10 GeV
x1 = 0.5 – 0.9 1035 cm-2s-1
NICA p + p colliders = 20 GeV
x1 = 0.1 – 0.8 1030 cm-2s-1
SPASCHARM(low mass)
p + p 60 GeVs = 11 GeV
x2 = 0.05 – 0.2
SPASCHARM(low mass)
+ p 34 GeVs = 8 GeV
x2 = 0.1 – 0.3
RHIC PHENIXMuon
p + p colliders = 500 GeV
x1 = 0.05 – 0.1 2 × 1032 cm-2s-1
RHIC InternalTarget phase-1
p + p 250 GeVs = 22 GeV
x1 = 0.25 – 0.4 2 × 1033 cm-2s-1
RHIC InternalTarget phase-2
p + p 250 GeVs = 22 GeV
x1 = 0.25 – 0.4 6 × 1034 cm-2s-1
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Accelerator issues• Experimental dipole magnets
– Beam axis restoration (one beam on target, the other beam displaced)
• Size of the experimental site and possible target-position (with proper beam operation)– IP2 (BRAHMS) area?
• Reaction rate (peak rate) and beam lifetime• Radiation issues
– Beam loss/dump requirement
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