draft eia report - gujarat pollution control...

DDrraafftt EEIIAA RReeppoorrtt Of

Paragon Organics, PPlloott NNoo-- 558822,, EECCPP rrooaadd,,

Village-Luna, Taluka: Padra, Dist.: Vadodara, Gujarat.

Submitted by

SSaann EEnnvviirrootteecchh PPvvtt.. LLttdd..

424, Medicine Market Opp. Shefali Centre Paldi, Ahmedabad

Email: [email protected]

Contents

Particulars Page no. Contents 1-6 List of Tables 7-8 List of Figures 9

Executive Summary

E.1 Background E-1

E.2 Project Description E-1

E.3 Production Capacities of Plant E-2

E.4 Description of Environment E-3

E.5 Air Environment E-3

E.6 Water Environment E-4

E.7 Noise Environment E-7

E.8 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures E-7

E.9 Environment Monitoring E-9

E.10 Qualitative Risk Analysis E-9

E.11 Environment Management Plan E-9

E.12 Conclusion E-10

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Introduction 1-1

1.2 Purpose & need of EIA 1-1

1.3 Statutory Requirements 1-3

1.4 Terms of reference accepted/issued by MoEF on dated 25/11/2009

1-4

1.5 Statement of Principles 1-7

1.6 The Study Area 1-8

1.7 Objective of EIA 1-10

1.8 Scope of EIA 1-10

1.9 Methodology for EIA 1-11

Chapter-2 Project Description


2.2 Regulatory Framework 2-1

2.3 Capital Investment 2-2

2.4 Land Requirement 2-2

2.5 Product and Size of Unit 2-3

2.6 Manufacturing Process 2-4

2.7 Resource Requirement 2-32

2.7.1 Existing Industrial Activities 2-32

2.7.2 Proposed Industrial Activities 2-33

2.8 Pollutants Generation 2-34

2.8.1 Existing Industrial Activities 2-34

2.8.2 After Proposed Expansion 2-35

2.9 Pollution Control Strategy 2-36

2.9.1 Treatment Process Description 2-36

2.9.2 Air Pollution Control Measures 2-37

2.9.3 Hazardous Solid waste Management 2-38

2.9.4 Fugitive Emission 2-38

2.9.5 Noise 2-38

2.9.6 Health and Safety 2-39

2.9.7 Green Belt Development 2-39

2.9.8 Rain Water Harvesting System 2-39

Chapter 3 Description of the Environment

3.1 Prelude 3-1

3.2 Air Environment 3-2

3.2.1 Design of Network for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations

3-2

3.2.2 Reconnaissance 3-3

3.2.3 Micrometeorology of the area 3-3

3.2.4 Ambient Air Quality Survey 3-5

3.2.5 Baseline Status 3-6

3.3 Water Environment 3-6

3.3.1 Geological features and Geo-hydrological status of study area

3-7

3.3.2 Water Quality 3-8

3.4 Noise Environment 3-11

3.4.1 Introduction 3-11

3.4.2 Methodology 3-11

3.4.3 Ambient Air Quality Standards in Respect of Noise 3-11

3.4.4 Day time & Noise time noise levels 3-11

3.4.5 Ambient Noise Levels in the Study Area 3-12

3.4.6 Conclusions 3-12

3.5 Soils 3-12

3.5.1 Introduction 3-12

3.5.2 Soil Characteristics 3-13

3.5.3 Findings 3-13

3.6 Socio Economic & Land use 3-15

3.6.1 Land use pattern and infrastructure 3-15

3.6.2 Demographic and Socio-Economic Environment: Rural

3-17

3.6.3 Demographic and Socio-Economic 3-18

3.7 Ecology 3-18

3.7.1 Terrestrial Ecology (Flora) 3-18

3.7.2 Terrestrial Ecology (Fauna) 3-19

3.7.3 Common Crop Plants 3-19

Chapter 4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures

4.1 General 4-1

4.2 Air Environment 4-2

4.2.1 Sources of Impact 4-2

4.2.2 Prediction of Impact during Construction Phase 4-2

4.2.3 Prediction of Impact during Operational Phase 4-3

4.3 Source Air Pollution 4-3

4.4 Air Emission 4-4

4.4.1 Micrometeorology 4-4

4.4.2 Air Quality Modelling and Predictions using the Gaussian Model (ISCST3)

4-5

4.4.3 Predicted GLCs of proposed plant 4-7

4.5 Water Environment 4-7

4.5.1 Sources of Impacts 4-7

4.5.2 Prediction of Impact during Construction phase 4-8

4.5.3 Prediction of Impact during Operational Phase 4-8

4.6 Noise Level Impact 4-9

4.6.1 Sources of Impacts 4-9

4.6.2 Prediction of impact during construction phase 4-9

4.6.3 Prediction of impact during operational phase 4-9

4.7 Land / Soil Environment 4-10

4.7.1 Prediction of impacts during construction phase 4-10

4.7.2 Prediction of impacts during operation phase 4-10

4.8 Socio-Economic Environment 4-10

4.9 Ecological Impacts 4-11

Chapter 5 Environmental Monitoring Plan


5.2 Objective of EMP 5-1

5.3 Component of EMP 5-2

5.3.1 Environmental Management systems 5-2

5.3.2 Environmental, Health and Safety Management System

5-2

5.4 Environmental Management during Construction Phase

5-3

5.5 Environmental Management during the Operational Phase

5-3

5.5.1 Air Environment 5-3

5.5.2 Measures for Fugitive Emissions 5-5

5.5.3 Water Environment 5-6

5.5.4 Hazardous/Solid Waste Management 5-7

5.5.5 Noise Control Technique 5-8

5.5.6 Green Belt Development 5-9

5.6 Resource Conservation/ Waste Minimization 5-9

5.7 Health and Safety 5-10

5.7.1 Possibility of occupational health hazard & its 5-11

control

5.7.2 Preventive Measures 5-12

5.8 Occupational Health Programme 5-12

5.8.1 Hazard Communication and Chemical Safety 5-13

5.9 Post-Project Environmental Monitoring 5-14

Chapter 6 Quantitative Risk Assessment


6.1.1 Scope of Study 6-1

6.1.2 Study Objective 6-1

6.1.3 The Study Approach 6-1

6.1.4 System Description 6-2

6.1.5 Identification of Hazards 6-2

6.1.6 Selection of Accident Scenarios 6-2

6.1.7 Effects & Consequence Estimation 6-2

6.1.8 Risk Reduction Measures 6-2

6.2 Hazardous Identification 6-2

6.2.1 Hazardous Substances to be handled at Paragon Organics

6-3

6.2.2 Hydrochloric Acid 6-3

6.2.3 Toluene 6-3

6.2.4 Sodium Hydroxide 6-4

6.2.5 Acetone 6-5

6.2.6 Chloroform 6-6

6.2.7 Xylene 6-7

6.3 Quantities of Hazardous Materials 6-7

6.4 Hazards due to Leakage or Containment 6-8

6.5 Maximum Credible Accident Scenarios 6-8

6.5.1 Methodology for Selection of Accident Scenarios 6-9

6.5.2 Maximum Credible Accident Scenarios 6-9

6.5.3 Consequence Analysis 6-10

6.6 Probable Hazards & Risk 6-10

6.7 Methodology, Approach & Damage Criteria for Risk Assessment

6-11

6.7.1 Hazards Evaluation: Exposure to Toxic Dusts / Vapors

6-11

6.7.2 Liquid Pool Evaporation or Boiling 6-12

6.7.3 Plant Leakage & Confined Space 6-12

6.7.4 Damage Criteria 6-12

6.8 Risk Mitigation Measures 6-13

6.8.1 Personal Protective Equipments 6-15

6.8.2 Handling of Hazards 6-15

6.8.3 General Working Conditions 6-16

6.8.4 Safe Operating Procedures 6-16

6.8.5 Work Permit System 6-17

6.8.6 Fire Protection 6-17

6.8.7 Emergency Preparedness 6-17

6.8.8 Static Electricity 6-17

6.8.9 Material Handling 6-17

6.8.10 Communication System 6-17

6.8.11 Accident Reporting, Investigation And Analysis 6-18

6.8.12 Safety Inspections 6-18

6.8.13 Safe Operating Procedures 6-18

Chapter 7 Onsite Disaster Management Plan



7.3 Objectives Of The Plan 7-2

7.4 Identification of Major Hazards 7-3

7.5 Scope of the Plan 7-3

7.6 The Utility, Organization and Utilization of Resources and Facilities for Emergencies

7-4

7.7 Response Organization Structure 7-5

7.8 Emergency Response Center 7-8

7.9 Post Emergency – Recovery 7-10

List of Tables Table No. Name Page No.

2.1 Details of the Products 2-40

2.2 Raw Materials Consumption 2-41

2.3 Details of Stacks 2-43

2.4 Details of Effluent Treatment Plant 2-44

2.5 Details of Solid/Hazardous waste 2-45

2.6 Fresh water required for existing & proposed activities 2-46

2.7 Waste water generation for existing & proposed activities 2-46

2.8 CREP Compliance 2-47

3.1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations 3-20

3.2 Ambient Air Quality Status (PM10) 3-21

3.3 Ambient Air Quality Status (SO2) 3-21

3.4 Ambient Air Quality Status (NOx) 3-22

3.5 Ambient Air Quality Status (PM2.5, VOCs, HCl & Cl2) 3-22

3.6 National Ambient Air Quality Standards 3-23

3.7 Results of Ground Water Quality in the Study Area 3-25

3.8 Results of Surface Water Quality in the Study Area 3-27

3.9 Indian Standard Specification for Drinking Water 3-28

3.10 Ambient Noise Levels in the Study Area 3-29

3.11 Ambient Air Quality Standards with respect to Noise 3-29

3.12 Soil Analysis of Study area 3-30

3.13 Land Use Pattern 3-31

3.14 Summary of Socio-Economic Status of study area (Demography) 3-33

3.15 Summary of Socio-Economic Status of study area (Amenities)

3-37

3.16 List of Tree Species found in the study area 3-41

4.1 Emission Levels of Plant-

Estimated results of Flue Gas Emission

4-12

4.2 The 24-hourly average GLC Concentration Values for SPM 4-13

4.3 The 24-hourly average GLC Concentration Values for SO2 4-14

4.4 The 24-hourly average GLC Concentration Values for NOx 4-15

4.5 The 24-hourly average GLC Concentration Values for HCl 4-16

5.1 Design features for minimization of fugitive emissions 5-16

5.2 Environment Monitoring 5-16

6.1 Facilities for storage of chemicals 6-8

6.2 Maximum credible accident scenarios 6-10


List of Figures Figure No. Name Page No.

1.1 Location Map 1-13

2.1 Flow Diagram of Effluent Treatment plant 2-51

2.2 Flaw diagram of Solvent recovery system 2-52

2.3 Flaw diagram of Scrubbing System 2-53

2.4 Plant layout 2-54

3.1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring location 3-46

3.2 Windrose Diagram 3-47

3.3 Water sampling location 3-48

3.4 Noise Monitoring Station 3-49

3.5 Soil sampling locations 3-50

3.6 Landuse Map of 10 Km area 3-51

4.1 Isopleths For Ground Level Concentration Values For SPM 4-17

4.2 Isopleths For Ground Level Concentration Values For SO2 4-18

4.3 Isopleths For Ground Level Concentration Values For NOx 4-19

4.4 Isopleths For Ground Level Concentration Values For HCl 4-20

5.1 EHS Management 5-17

7.1 On Site Disaster Management Plan 7-12

San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd - Ahmedabad

REIA for Paragon Organics

1

Preface

M/s. Paragon Organics is the existing small scale, bulk drugs

manufacturing unit situated at plot no. 582, ECP road, Village: Luna, Ta:

Padra, Dist: Vadodara. At present the unit manufactures only one product

named Phenyl Propanolamine HCl of 1 TPM quantity.

Now, considering the present trends in the pharmaceutical industries, the

unit proposes to go for expansion at the present site by optimizing the

use of existing infrastructure and without adding additional load. The unit

proposes to expand its production capacity up to 56.2 TPM with

introduction of thirteen new bulk drugs products.

Since Environmental (Protection) Act-1986, mandates the bulk drugs and

other 31 categories of industries are required to undertake environmental

clearance from MoEF-New Delhi even if, they go for higher capacity

utilization. Paragon Organics intend to take environmental clearance from

MoEF for the proposed project.

Paragon Organics retained M/s. San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd, Ahmedabad, for

undertaking the Environmental Impact Assessment study and preparation

of Environmental Management Plan.

This report based on background information collected from December 09

to February10 for air, water, land, noise, biological & Socio-economic

environment. The main environmental concerns are identified and

evaluation of environmental impacts is carried out due to proposed

project. This study forms the basis of delineation of environmental

management plan to mitigate adverse impacts. Disaster management

plan is also prepared considering the risk associated with concerned unit.

San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd - Ahmedabad

REIA for Paragon Organics

2

The cooperation and technical help rendered by the official staff of the

industry and government institutions especially GPCB, CPCB, Central

ground water board, IMD-Ahmedabad, central ground water board-

Ahmedabad, Irrigation Department, Gujarat Water Resources

Development Corporation Limited – Gandhinagar, Village Panchayats and

Forest Department at different stages of the studies is greatly

acknowledged.

San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd-Ahmedabad

REIA of Paragon Organics E-1

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY E-1 BACKGROUND

The Pharmaceutical industries have always played major role in the

economic development of the country. Gujarat, being an

industrialized State, has a significant contribution in industrial as well

as economic development of the country. Besides, necessary

infrastructure; availability of natural resources like water, fuel, man

power and easy of export/import of raw materials and finished

products have also resulted in the substantial growth of industries in

the State. Many industries are polluting nature it is essential to take

adequate measures to maintain desirable environmental quality in

the area.

E-2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Location of Project

The existing unit of Paragon Organics is located at Plot: 582, ECP

road, Village: Luna, Taluka: Padra, Dist.: Vadodara, Gujarat. Since

the unit has adequate land for the expansion and site location is

preferable, the proposed project will be carried out in the same

premises.

Latitude: 22015’29" N

Longitude: 73003’68" E

Site Selection

Since the unit has been already developed at said location, the unit

has been already familiar with site and has adequate land for the

expansion. The other beneficial of the site are given hereunder,

Vadodara is one of the major city of Gujarat and well connected with

almost all major cities of India by air, rail and road ways. The project

site is only 11 Km away from the Vadodara city.



• Availability of all basic facilities like fuel, water, power, man

power, raw materials, etc.

• Good communication and transportation facilities

• No R & R will be required

• No national park or wildlife Habitats falls within 10 km radial

distance from proposed project site.

E-3 PROPOSED PRODUCTION CAPACITIES OF PLANT

Paragon Organics envisages to expand the production capacity of the

existing product in the same premises with adoption of the

modernization techniques. The production details are given

hereunder,

Sr. No. Name of Product Production Capacity, TPM

Existing :

1. Phenyl Propanolamine HCl 1.0

Proposed :

1. Phenyl Propanolamine HCl (Existing Product)

4.0

2. Piroxicam 3.0

3. Meloxicam 3.5

4. Nimesulide 16.0

5. Clomiphene Citrate 0.9

6. Saccharine 10.0

7. N-(2-3-Dichlorophenyl) piperazine HCl 2.0

8. 7-Hydroxy-3-4-dihydro-2-[H]-quinolinone 2.0


10. Aripiperazole 1.8

11. Pseudoephedrine - HCl 5.0

12. Phenyl Epherine-HCl 2.0

13. Sodium Valproate 2.0

14. Magnesium Valproate 2.0

Total 57.2



Investment of the project

The existing cost of the project is 85 Lacs whereas additional cost of

the proposed expansion will be 90 Lacs. Thus, the total cost of the

project will be 175 Lacs. Out of the total project cost Rs. 35 Lacs will

be utilize for the Environment protection measures during operational

phase.

E-4 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT

The base line data were monitored for December-09 to February-10,

with regard to environmental quality in the area viz. ambient air

quality, noise levels, water quality, soil characteristics, flora & fauna

and parameters concerning human interest. The relevant impacts on

various environmental components were predicted using appropriate

mathematical models and impact assessment techniques. An

appropriate environmental management plan delineated to minimize

the adverse impacts.

E-5 Air Environment

The ambient air quality monitoring was carried out at 7 AAQM

locations, with a frequency of twice a week continuously for three

months, to assess the existing sub-regional air quality status in

winter season. The Respirable Dust Sampler along with the analytical

methods prescribed by CPCB was used for carrying out air quality

monitoring. At all these sampling locations; PM10, SO2, and NOx were

monitored on 24-hourly basis and grab sample were collected and

analyzed for the PM2.5, VOCs, HCl and Cl2 to enable the comparison

with ambient air quality standards prescribed by CPCB.

The data on concentrations of various pollutants were processed for

different statistical parameters like arithmetic mean, standard

deviation, minimum and maximum concentration and 98th percentile

values.



Ambient Air Quality Status (PM10)

The arithmetic mean and 98th percentile value of 24-hourly PM10

values at all the locations ranged between 62-70 μg/m3 and 69-81

μg/m3 and meeting the CPCB standards (residential areas-100

μg/m3). The 24-hourly concentration values show that the values are

well within the prescribed limit.

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

The arithmetic mean and 98th percentile value of 24-hourly SO2 at all

the locations ranged between 16-24 μg/m3 and 22-37μg/m3

respectively, which are well within the stipulated standards of 80

μg/m3 for residential areas.

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)

The arithmetic mean and 98th percentile value of 24-hourly NOx at all

the locations ranged between 21-27 μg/m3 and 26-34 μg/m3

respectively, which are much lower than the standards stipulated by

CPCB of 80 μg/m3 for residential areas.

E-6 Water Environment

Water Environment of an area is broadly classified into following

categories

1. Surface waters: Rivers, drains, canal, ponds etc.

2. Ground water: Accumulation in deeper strata of ground

The only source of recharging for both surface and groundwater

source is from precipitation (rainfall).

Water Quality

Collected water samples were analyzed for various desirable

characteristics of drinking water. Sampling locations are shown in

Figure 3.3.

Ground water quality



Colour: All the samples were found colourless except Ekalbara

village & Umraya village and meeting desirable norms.

pH: All the samples meet the desirable standards (pH ranges from

7.3 to 7.9)

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): TDS in samples ranges from 852

mg/l (Latipura) to 1942 mg/l (Umraya). All the samples meet the

permissible limit of 2000 mg/l

Calcium: Calcium contents in the water ranges from 37 mg/l

(Latipura) to 142 mg/l (Umraya), Calcium content is high in sample

of Dabhasa, Ekalabara & Umraya Village. Other all samples meet the

permissible limit of 75 mg/l.

Magnesium: Magnesium content in the water ranges from 34 mg/l

(Mahapura) to 77 mg/l (Village Umraya). All samples meet the

desirable limit of 100 mg/l. (If alternate sources of potable water are

not available).

Sulfate: Sulfate content in the water ranges from 32 mg/l

(Mahapura) to 81 mg/l (Mujpur). All samples meet the desirable limit

of 200 mg/l.

Total Alkalinity: Total alkalinity in the water samples ranges from

284 mg/l (Mahapura) to 518 mg/l (Umraya). All the samples are

within the permissible limit of drinking water 600 mg/l for drinking

water (if alternate source of potable water is not available).

Chemical oxygen demand (COD): COD <16 mg/L in all sampling

stations.

Heavy metals like copper, cadmium, lead, chromium, nickel and

zinc are well below to prescribe limit in all samples.

Other Parameters: Potassium (ranges from 18 mg/l to 52 mg/l),

Sodium (ranges from 218 mg/l to 559 mg/l), Chloride (ranges from

291 mg/l to 842 mg/l), Iron (ranges from 0.23 mg/l to 0.43 mg/l).



Samples were also analyzed for Phenolic compound (less than 0.001

mg/l in all samples).

Conclusions: Ground water samples from villages meets the

permissible limit set by the authority (BIS). Indian standard

specification for drinking water.

Surface water quality

Colour: All the surface water samples were found colorless and

meeting desirable norms.

pH: All the samples meet the desirable standards (pH ranges from

7.5 to 7.8)

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): TDS in samples ranges from 355

mg/l (River Mahi) to 650 mg/l (Dabhasa Pond). All the samples meet

the permissible limit of 2000 mg/l (If alternate sources of potable

water are not available).

Calcium: Calcium contents in the water ranges from 23 mg/l (River

Mahi) to 34 mg/l (Dabhasa Pond), all the samples meet the



(River Mahi) to 37 mg/l (Mahuvad Pond). All samples meet the


not available).

Sulfate: Sulfate content in the water ranges from 19 mg/l (River

Mahi) to 32 mg/l (Bhoj Pond). All samples meet the desirable limit of

200 mg/l.


143 mg/l (River Mahi) to 233 mg/l (Dabhasa Pond). All the samples

are within the permissible limit of drinking water 600 mg/l for

drinking water (if alternate source of potable water is not available).


stations.



Heavy metals like copper, cadmium, lead, chromium, nickel and

zinc are well below to prescribe limit in all samples.



143mg/l to 236 mg/l), Iron (ranges from 0.09 mg/l to 0.17mg/l).



Conclusions: Surface water samples from the study area meets the


specification for drinking water.

E-7 Noise Environment

The Leq values of noise levels during day-time varied between 50.7

to 59.0 dB(A) Highest Leq daytime value was recorded at Project

Site, however it is less than the prescribed limit for the residential

(75 dB(A)). The Leq values of noise levels during night time varied

between 40.2 to 54.4 dB(A). Highest Leq night time value was

recorded at Project Site which is less than prescribed limit (70 dB

(A).

E-8 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Air Environment

The main point sources will be flue gas emission from the stack

attached to steam boilers due to combustion of fuel and process gas

emitted after scrubbing.

The unit is using Diesel & bio fuel. Proper height for dispersion of

pollutant is required and it is adequate to meet the guideline of the

Board.

For control of process emission, unit has provided one scrubber sets.

Scrubber sets are facilitating with water and alkali scrubber.

To minimize fugitive emission the unit has adopted the practice of

carrying out entire manufacturing process into closed vessel as well



as provided adequate scrubbing system for efficient absorption of

process gas. Unit also takes special care while solvent recovery.

Air Quality Modelling and Predictions

It is predicted that the maximum contribution in GLCs, with units

operating at full capacity, is 2.096 μg/m3, 0.189 μg/m3 and 0.568

μg/m3 for SPM, SO2 and NOX respectively where as, HCl is found

0.145 μg/m3. The point of maximum concentration by unit would be

2.0 km & 1.0 km from centre of industry in E direction.

Water Environment

The water requirement will be met from its own bore well.

The increase in water requirement due to proposed expansion will be

53.6 m3/day out of which industrial water requirement will be 47.1

m3/day. Thus, less amount of industrial water will be required and

there will be minor impact on the ground water table.

Industrial wastewater will be generated from process, washing,

boiler and cooling which will be tune about 20.8 m3/day whereas

domestic wastewater will be @ 5.3 m3/day which will be disposed to

soak pit through septic tank.

The unit proposes to install its on ETP containing primary and

tertiary treatment facilities of 25 KLD capacity and after confirming

stipulated norms, entire quantity of treated effluent will be sent to

CETP operated by M/s. EICL for further treatment and final disposal

into the deep sea.

Thus, due to serious consideration and adequate treatment facilities

for the waste water, there will not be any major impact on the water

environment due to proposed activities.

Solid Waste Management

The main sources of solid hazardous waste from the existing

industrial activities are ETP sludge, discarded containers, Distillation

residue and used oil.



Green Belt Development

The unit have extensive greenbelt plantation in 2400 sqm, which is

around 33 % of total land area. Local species are planted and

survival rate is more than 70%.

E-9 ENVIRONMENT MONITORING

Nature of Analysis Frequency of Analysis

Number of Sample

Stack Monitoring of each stack (Flue gas & Process stack)

Monthly At all stack

Work Place monitoring

including Hydrocarbon

Monthly 3 Locations

Ambient Air Quality

Monitoring

Monthly for 24 hours or as per the statutory

conditions

3 Location

Industrial Effluent for applicable parameters as per the Consents Conditions

Ones in a Month One Sample

E-10 Qualitative Risk Analysis

Proper handling and storage of hazardous chemicals, the risk

assessment studies have been conducted for identification of

hazards, to calculate damage distances and to spell out risk

mitigation measures.

Study is including Identification of hazards, Selection of credible

scenarios Consequences Analysis of selected accidents scenarios,

Risk Mitigation Measures.

E-11 Environment Management Plan

Overall objective of EMP:

Prevention: Measures aimed at impeding the occurrence of negative

environmental impacts and/or preventing such an occurrence having

harmful environmental impacts.

Preservation: Preventing any future actions that might adversely

affect an environmental resource or attribute.



Minimization: Limiting or reducing the degree, extent, magnitude,

or duration of adverse impacts.

EMP for Paragon Organics for proposed expansion project covers

following aspects:

- Description of mitigation measures

- Description of monitoring program

- Institutional arrangements

- Implementation schedule and reporting procedures

E-12 Conclusion:

Based on the study it can be said that the proposed expansion project will be almost zero polluting.

• The air pollution potential of the project will be mitigated by

installation of two stage scrubber.

• Wastewater will be treated at unit level and finally treated and

disposal at CETP (EICL- Umaraya).

• Better waste water treatment scheme up to tertiary treatment. After

treatment it will be send to CETP (EICL- Umaraya) and finally to ECP

channel.

• Rainwater harvesting systems provided to recharges the ground

water resources.

• Hazardous waste will be stored in isolation area and finally disposed

off at approved TSDF site.

• Fire protection and safely measures will be provided to take care of

fire and explosion hazard.

• Follow the suggestion of qualitative risk analysis study to minimize

the accident and safe operations.

• Follow the recommendation suggested in Environmental Management

Plan to minimize the impact of proposed expansion.

Considering the above points, it can be concluded from overall

assessment that there will no any adverse Impact envisage due to

proposed expansion. However. There will be slight positive impact on



socio-economic environment due to employment of some new

skilled/unskilled persons.

It can be concluded that on positive implementation of mitigation

measures and environmental management plan during the construction

and operational phase would have negligible impact on the environment.


REIA of Paragon Organics

1-2

CHAPTER-1

Introduction 1.1 INTRODUCTION

M/s. Paragon Organics is the existing small scale, bulk drugs

manufacturing unit situated at plot no. 582, ECP road, Village: Luna, Ta:

Padra, Dist: Vadodara. At present the unit manufactures only one product

named Phenyl Propanolamine HCl of 1 TPM quantity.

Now, considering the present trends in the pharmaceutical industries, the

unit proposes to go for expansion at the present site by optimizing the

use of existing infrastructure and without adding additional load. The unit

proposes to expand its production capacity up to 56.2 TPM with

introduction of thirteen new bulk drugs products.

1.2 PURPOSE & NEED OF EIA

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a formal document

provided by the project proponent and preferably prepared by an

independent consultant, which summarizes the process and results

of the environmental analysis of a project having the potential for

significant and diverse impacts. Environmental analysis is the

process of evaluating the environmental impact of a project and

identifying ways to improve the project environmentally by

preventing, minimizing, mitigating and or compensating for adverse

impacts. In view of the above monitoring work has been carried out

for all the environmental attributers by M/s. San Envirotech Pvt.

Ltd- Ahmedabad.

The Environmental (Protection) Act-1986 (Environmental Impact

Assessment Notification, 2006) established the requirements for

preparing Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in India. The

EIAs subsequently have been prepared, on an individual basis for

new/expansion of project. While the project specific EIAs have been

successful to varying extent in the incorporation of environmental

objectives in the project design, several experiments have been



1-3

done to address the issue of cumulative environmental impacts by

carrying out Regional Environmental Impact studies. This has given

a basis for evaluating total environmental impacts of the region and

hence helped in planning at the regional level. Other uses of EIA

tool have been in the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA),

now mandatory in many industrialized countries, to evaluate

environmental impacts of policies and programs. Hence, EIA tool

has been improvised and used innovatively for assisting decision-

makers in assessment of environmental impacts and considering

alternative mitigation measures in a variety of situations.

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is required to be carried

out only for certain categories of projects and the criteria for

screening have been provided in the Act. Thus, EIA is essentially

made applicable to industrial and developmental projects, which are

more likely to have significant environmental impacts. Different

criteria have been used for screening. Indian regulation utilizes

project category based on the Scale of Impact, Sensitivity of Impact

and Nature of locations as the primary criteria for deciding on the

requirement of EIA for approval.

1.3 STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS

As per the Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) notification of

Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), dated 14th September

2006, setting up a new projects or activities, or on the expansion or

modernization of existing projects or activities based on their

potential environmental impacts as indicated in the Schedule to the

notification, being undertaken in any part of India, unless prior

environmental clearance has been accorded, This EIA report for the

proposed expansion of Organic chemicals has been prepared for the

perusal of MoEF for judging the environmental compatibility of the

project as discussed during the presentation of Terms of Reference

to Expert committee of MoEF on dated 12th & 13th, November 2009.



1-4

1.4 TERMS OF REFERENCE ACCEPTED/ISSUED BY MoEF ON

DATED 25/11/2009

Based on the documents submitted by us and presentation held on

dtd. 12th & 13th, November 2009, Ministry of Environment & Forest

has directed to prepare detailed EIA/EMP including following terms

of reference:

Sr. No.

Terms of reference Issued by MoEF

Compliances Status

1 Executive Summary of the Project Incorporated in the report.

2 Justification of Project Site Kindly refer Section 1.6 of

Chapter-1 at Page No. 1-8

3 Promoters and their back ground Kindly refer Section 2.1 of


4 Regulator framework Kindly refer Section 2.2 of


5 Project location and Plant Layout Kindly refer Section 1.6 of


and Figure-1.1 of chapter-1

and figure-2.4 of chapter-2.

6 Infrastructure facilities, existing

and proposed including power

sources

Kindly refer Section 2.7.1 &

2.7.2 of Chapter-2 at Page

No. 2-32 & 2-33

7 Total Cost of Project along with

Environmental Protection Measures

Kindly refer Section 2.3 of


8 Project site location along with site

map of 10 km areas and site

details providing various

industries, surface water bodies,

forests, etc.

Kindly refer figure-3-6 of


and point no 1.6 on page no-

1.8

9 Present Land use based on satellite

imagery for the study area of 10

km radius. Location of National

Park, Wild life sanctuary/ Reserve

Forest within 10 km radius of the

project.

Kindly refer Section 3.6.1 of

Chapter-3 at Page No. 3-14 &

figure 3.6 on page no-3.51

10 Site specific micro meteorological Kindly refer Section 3.2.3 of



1-5

data using temperature, relative

humidity, hourly wind speed and

direction and rainfall is necessary.

Chapter-3 Page No. 3-3

11 Details of total land and break up

of the land use for green belt and

other uses.


Chapter-2 Page No. 2-2

12 List of products (Existing and

Proposed) along with the

production capacities



13 List of raw materials required and

source.

Kindly refer Table 2.2 of


14 Manufacturing process details

along with the chemical reactions.


Chapter-2 at Page No. 2-4 to

2-31

15 Design details of ETP, boilers,

scrubbers/bag filter



and ETP Details is in table-2.4

on page no-2.44.

16 Details water and air pollution and

its mitigation plan



and separate Chapter-5 (EMP)

17 Ambient air quality at 6 locations

within the study area of 10 km.,

aerial coverage from project site.

Location of one AAQMS in

downwind direction.


Chapter-3 at Page No. 3-2.4

and Table No. 3.1 to Table

No. 3.5 of Chapter-3 at Page

No. 3-20

18 Ambient air quality modeling for

the plant.

Kindly refer section 4.4


19 One season data for air, water and

Noise monitoring including Cl2, HCl

and VOCs.

Kindly refer Table No. 3.1 to

Table 3.11 of Chapter-3 at

Page No. 4-20

20 An action plan to control and

monitor secondary fugitive

emissions as per CPCB and their

control



21 Determination of atmospheric Kindly refer Table No. 4.2 to



1-6

inversion level at the project site

and assessment of ground level

concentration of pollutants from

the stack emission based on site-

specific meteorological features.

4.4 Chapter-4 at Page No. 4-

13

22 ‘Permission’ for the drawl of

ground water from the

CGWA/SGWB. Water balance cycle

data including quantity of effluent

generated. Recycled and reused

and discharged.

Applied for CGWA for

proposed water drawn from

Ground water source.

Kindly refer Table No. 2.6 and

2.7 on page no-2-46

23 Ground water monitoring minimum

at 6 locations should be carried

out. Geological features and Geo-

hydrological status of the study

area and ecological status

(Terrestrial and Aquatic)


Chapter-3 at Page No. 3-7.



for ecology details.

24 The details of solid and hazardous

wastes generation, storage,

utilization and disposal particularly

related to the hazardous waste.

Kindly refer table No. 2.5 of

Chapter-2 at Page No. 2-45.

25 Risk assessment for storage and

handling of chemicals/solvents

including engineered systems.

Kindly refer the chapter-6

Risk assessment.

26 Occupational health of the workers

should be incorporated.



27 An action plan to develop green

belt in 33% area.



28 Scheme for rainwater harvesting. Kindly refer Section 2.9.8 of


29 Socio economic development

activities should be in place.



30 Note on compliance to the

recommendations mentioned in the

CREP guidelines.

Pl. refer table 2.8 on page-

4.47

31 Detailed Environment management Kindly Refer Chapter-5



1-7

Plan (EMP) with specific reference

to details of air pollution control

system, water & wastewater

management, monitoring

frequency, responsibility and time

bound implementation plan for

mitigation measure should be

provided.

32 EMP should include the concept of

waste-minimization,

recycle/reuse/recover techniques,

Energy conservation, and natural

resource conservation.


Chapter-5 at Page No.5-9

33 Any litigation pending against the

project and/or any direction/order

passed by any Court of Law

against the project, if so, details

thereof.

Not Applicable

34 A tabular chart of the issues raised

and addressed during public

hearing/public consultation should

be provided.

Public Hearing is yet to be

done.

35 A tabular chart with index for point

wise compliance of above TORs.

Done.

1.5 STATEMENT OF PRINCIPLES

The EIA is intended to provide for the protection, conservation and

wise management of environment through planning and informed

decision making.

Following are the guiding principles:

• To help decision-makers to protect, conserve and manage

environment according to the principles of sustainable

development, thereby achieving or monitoring human well

being, a healthy environment and a sound economy.



1-8

• To ensure that the industries consider the effect on the

health, economy and culture of the surrounding communities

as well as its impacts on the air, land and water.

• To ensure communication of information to Public.

1.6 THE STUDY AREA

Project Site

The existing unit of Paragon Organics is located at Plot: 582, ECP

road, Village: Luna, Taluka: Padra, Dist.: Vadodara, Gujarat. Since

the unit has adequate land for the expansion and site location is

preferable, the proposed project will be carried out in the same

premises.

The justification for the project site

Vadodara is one of the major cities of Gujarat and well connected

with almost all major cities of India by air, rail and road ways. The

project site is only 11 km away from the Vadodara city.

Industries have started growing all around it. Industrialization

resulted in faster development of area in terms of infrastructure,

communication, medical facilities, well design effluent disposal

facilities, CETP feasibilities for treatment of effluent is available for

small scale and medium scale units, very near TSDF site at

Nandesari, Vadodara etc.

The location map is shown in Figure 1.1.

Study Area Features

Latitude: 22015’29" N

Longitude: 73003’68" E

Project Components

M/s. Paragon Organics is a fast growing company in the field of bulk

drug manufacturing. Paragon Organics proposes to manufacture

thirteen new products within same premises. The company has

appointed expert in the different field like process, R&D, safety &

Environment and having a large experience in the respective field to

tare the plant in all respect.



1-9

A useful way of identifying many of the potential impacts of a

project is to consider all the aspects of the projects and its receiving

environment and systematically identify the potential for

interactions between them. The first step is to draw up a list of all

project components and activities during each phase of its

implementation. The possible components of proposed project could

lead to environmental impacts are described in this section based

on the understanding of Chemical industry.

Environmental Components

Defining all the possible aspects of the environment is essential for

identification of potential impacts. This may cover features of the

environment (e.g. habitats, settlements, and historic sites), aspects

of environmental quality (e.g. air quality, water quality, physical

conditions, soil stability, and hydrology) and uses of the

environment (e.g. agriculture, recreation and fishing).

Major Industries working surrounding the plant:-

List of Major Industries near by proposed plant are as given in table

no.1.1

S. No. Name of Industry Type of Industry

1 Baroda Textile Effect Limited Dyes & Dyes Intermediates

2 Lupin Limited Bulk Drugs

3 Cadila Health Care Limited Bulk Drugs

4 Polymer Technologies Chemicals

5 Greenovat Organics Ltd Chemicals

6 Transpeck-Silix Industry Ltd Chemicals

7 Amoli Organics Pvt. Ltd. Chemicals

8 Kumar Organics Products Ltd. Chemicals

9 Prasad International Pvt. Ltd. Dyes-Pigments

10 Adar Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. Chemicals

11 Benzo Products International Chemicals

12 Bodal Chemicals Unit-3 Dye Intermediates

13 Kabra Colors Pvt. Ltd. Dyes



1-10

14 Refoil Earth Pvt. Ltd. Inorganic Chemicals

Water bodies in study area

Dabhasa Pond, Mahuvad Pond Bhoj Pond, River Mahi & ECP Channel

1.7 OBJECTIVES OF EIA

EIA is a policy and management tool for both planning and decision

making. EIA assists in identification, prediction and evaluation of

the foreseeable environmental consequences of proposed

developmental and industrial projects.

The objectives of the present EIA Study is to assess the impacts on

various environmental components due to the proposed expansion

by M/s. Paragon Organics is located at Plot: 582, ECP road, Village:

Luna, Vadodara, Gujarat and to recommend appropriate

environmental management plant for the unit to ensure that the

adverse impacts if any are minimized. Moreover to prepare an

Environmental Statement to indicate conclusively if the overall

impacts are positive or negative.

1.8 SCOPE OF EIA

The scope of present Rapid Environment Impact Assessment

includes following studies.

Collection and evaluation of projects details.

Assessment of pollution potential of the project.

Evaluation of present environmental baseline within an impact

zone encircling an area of 10 km from the project site on

environmental parameters, viz,

Ambient Air quality and Noise levels.

Water quality and surrounding environmental water bodies.

Soil quality

Meteorology and climates.

Land use pattern and socio-economic conditions.

Identification, assessment and evaluation of the beneficial and

adverse impacts of the proposed project activities.



1-11

Based on the generated baseline data and other information

compiled, likely impacts of the project activities on different

environmental parameters were analyzed and Environmental

Impact Statement was prepared.

1.9 METHODOLOGY FOR EIA

Environmental Assessment (EA), another term used in the

environmental studies, refers to an understanding of the present

status of environment and a study of how to manage them. Keeping

in view the nature and size of the proposed project and industrial

area and various guidelines available, it was decided to cover an

area of 7-km radius from the center of proposed plant site for the

purpose of environmental impact assessment study. The

methodology is briefly reported below and has been described in

detail in respective sections.

Baseline data Collection

The baseline data for the impact zone have been generated for the

following environmental parameters:

Ambient Air Quality

Micrometeorology

Noise Levels

Surface and ground water quality

Soil Quality

Flora and fauna

Land use pattern

Occupational structure and socio-economics

The baseline status of the above environmental parameters has

been worked out based on the rapid monitoring carried out during

the period of December-2009 to February-2010, supplemented by

data collected from various government departments, census

publications etc.



1-12

Evaluation of Impact from Project Activities

The environmental Impact resulting from the various project

activities, have been identified, predicted and evaluated after study

of manufacturing process and other project related activities.

Preparation of Environmental Management Plan

Environmental Management plan has been prepared covering-

pollution prevention measures at source, air and water pollution

control measures, solid waste hazardous waste management, safety

management, green belt development, environmental surveillance

and environmental management team.

The detailed assessment of the resultant environmental impacts

have been made based on the impacts identification and evaluated

from the activities over the baseline status of various environmental

components.



1-13

Figure 1.1

Location Map of Paragon Organics

Project Site


REIA of Paragon Organics 2-1

Chapter 2 Project Description

2.1 INTRODUCTION

M/s. Paragon Organics is existing small scale R & D based unit involve in

bulk drug manufacturing since 2004. The unit has been set up at plot

no. 582, ECP road, Village: Luna, Vadodara, Gujarat. At present the unit

involves in Phenyl Propanolamine HCl manufacturing with 1.0 TPM

production capacity. Now, the unit intends to introduce thirteen new

products along with manufacturing of existing product and additional

56.2 TPM production capacities within same premises. Thus, after

proposed expansion the unit is going to manufacture fourteen products

with total production capacity of 57.2 TPM.

The unit is promoted by Mr. Ripal Patel and other technical partners.

The details of partners are given hereunder,

Sr. No.

Name of Partner Qualification Experience

1 Ripal. N. Patel B.E. 10 year Administrative experience

2 Vinay. K. Sheta B.E. Civil 10 year experience for plant operation

3 Dinesh. K. Sheta B. Sc. 10 year experience for plant operation

4 Jayesh. K. Patel B.Com 08 year management experience

5 Bipin. L. Nakrani B.E. Chemical 10 year experience for plant operation

2.2 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

The MoEF, CPCB and SPCBs together form the regulatory and

administrative core of the sector. Legislation for environmental

protection in India for chemical industry is mainly EIA Notification-2006,

water (Prevention & control of pollution) act-1974, Air (Prevention &

control of pollution) act-1981, Water (Prevention and Control of

Pollution) Cess Act, 1977; Hazardous Wastes (Management and



Handling) Rules, 1989, 2003 & 2008 etc are major Act/rules/notification

applicable to industry.

2.3 CAPITAL INVESTMENT

The existing cost of the project is 85 Lacs whereas additional cost of the

proposed expansion will be 90 Lacs. Thus, the total cost of the project

will be 175 Lacs. Out of the total project cost Rs. 35 Lacs will be utilized

for the Environment protection measures during operational phase.

Since the unit is the existing and proposed expansion will be carried out

in the same premises, no additional land will be required. Therefore,

additional investment will be required only for additional plant &

machineries and infrastructure facilities.

2.4 LAND REQUIREMENT

The unit has been already set up at plot no. 582, ECP road, Vadodara

having total land area of 7,200 sqm. And, proposed expansion project

will also be carried out in the same premises using existing and

additional infrastructure facilities. No additional land will be required.

The details of land area requirement is given here under, Plant Layout

showing in Figure: 2.6

Area sqm. Sr. No.

Specification Existing Proposed Total after

Proposed 1. Office Building 100 0 100

2. Process plant 600 400 1,000

3. Storage Tank Yard 700 300 1,000

4. Utility 200 100 300

5. Effluent Treatment Plant 500 000 500

6. Green Belt 1400 1000 2,400

7. Road, Parking & Open tosky

1600 300 1,900

Total Area 5100 2100 7,200



2.5 PRODUCT AND SIZE OF UNIT

M/s. Paragon Organics is involved in bulk drug manufacturing. At

present the unit manufactures one product of 1.0 TPM capacity. Now,

the unit proposes to introduce thirteen new products along with

manufacturing existing one product and additional 56.2 TPM production

capacity. Thus, after proposed expansion total production capacity of

the unit will be 57.2 TPM. The details of products and production

capacity is given hereunder,

Sr. No.

Name of Product Production Capacity,

TPM Existing :


Proposed :

1. Phenyl Propanolamine HCl (Existing Product) 4.0

2. Piroxicam 3.0

3. Meloxicam 3.5

4. Nimesulide 16.0


6. Saccharine 10.0









Total proposed 56.2

Total After expansion 57.2



2.6 MANUFACTURING PROCESS

The details of manufacturing process, chemical reaction along with mass

balance is described hereunder,

1. Phenyl Propanolamine HCl:

Manufacturing Process:

Take methanol in vessel. Add require quantity of Phenyl Propanol

Oxime. Add NaOH lay & Rani Nickel. Raise temperature about 550C.

Maintain 3 to 4 hrs. Cool the mass. Centrifuge the mass & remove Rani

Nickel catalyst for Ni recovery. Distilled out methanol and separate

Phenyl Propanol Amine. Add acetone in Phenyl Propanol Amine then add

require quantity of HCl (l) & stirring under cooling 10 hrs. Centrifuge the

final product & ML goes to acetone recovery. Dry the final product.

Chemical Reaction:

C + NaOH lay

CH3

Phenyl Propanol Amine

O

NOH

+ Methanol

+ R. NI

CH3

NH2

OH

+ Acetone+ HCl (l)

CH3

NH2. HClOH

Phenyl Propanol Amine



Material Balance:

Input Quantity (kg) Output Quantity (kg)

Phenyl Propanol oxime 870Methanol 5000NaOH 300

6170

Methanol(Rec.) 4650

Acetone 695HCl (l) 240

Acetone(Rec.) 655

Drying loss 800

PPA HCl 1000

Total 7105 7105

Phenyl Propanolmine HCl

Distillation

Reactor

Sparkler Filter

Reactor

Crystallization

Centrifuge

Drying



2. Piroxicam:


Take toluene in ss-vessel & add required quantity of ester at room

temperature then raise the temperature to 550C Deg & slowly add 2

Amino Pyridine & reflux the material at 1120 C for 6 hour, then cool the

mass & centrifuge to get the Piroxicam crude. Now purify the Piroxicam

crude by methanol and carbon treatment.

Chemical Reaction:

NS

OO

OH

OCH3

CH3

+N NH2

Toluene NS

OO

OH

N

CH3

O O

H

N

+ CH3OH

Piroxicam (Crude)4-Hydroxy 2-methyl-2H-1,2,benzo

thiazine-3-methylcarboxylate,1-1-dioxide (ester)

2-Amino Pyridine



Material Balance:

Input Quantity (kg) Output Quantity (kg)MeOH 40

Recovered

4-Hydroxy-2-methyl-2-H (ester) 2692- Amino Pyridine 94Toluene 1100

Toluene Washing 1000 Piroxicam Crude 360Toluene Rec. 1998

Purification Stage:

Piroxicam Crude 360Methanol 1300Carbon 25

Methanol Washing 100 Solid waste 25

Methanol Washing 100 Methanol Rec 1418

Drying Loss 177Piroxicam 330

Total 4348 4348

Mass Balance of Piroxicam

SSR

SSR

Filter

Crystallizer

Centrifugation

Dryer

Pure Product

Centrifugation



3. Meloxicam:


Take toluene in ss-vessel & add required quantity of ester at room

temperature then raise the temperature to 650C & slowly add 2 Amino 5

Methyl Thiazole & reflux the material at 1120C for 8 hour then cool the

mass & centrifuge to get the Meloxicam crude. Now purify the Meloxicam

crude by methanol and carbon treatment.

Chemical Reaction:

Meloxicam

NS

OO

OH

OCH3

CH3

+ Toluene NS

OO

OH

N

CH3

O O

H

MeloxicamEster 2-Amino-5-methyl thiazole

ON CH3

SH2N

ON CH3

S



Mass Balance:

Input Quantity (kg) Output Quantity (kg)MeOH 40

Recovered

4-Hydroxy-2-methyl-2-H (ester) 269

2- Amino 5 Methyl Thiazole 104Toluene 1100

Toluene Washing 1000 Meloxicam Crude 370Toluene Rec. 1998

Purification Stage:

Meloxicam Crude 370Methanol 1300Carbon 25

Methanol Washing 100 Solid waste 25

Methanol Washing 100 Methanol Rec 1418

Drying Loss 177Meloxicam 340

Total 4368 4368

Mass Balance of Piroxicam

SSR

SSR

Filter

Crystallizer

Centrifugation

Dryer

Pure Product

Centrifugation



4. Nimesulide:


Into GLR charge 2-phenoxyaniline, Toluene & N-N- Dimethyl aniline to

which slowly add methane sulphonyl chloride below 200C. After addition

stirred at RT for 5 hrs. Then add water & stirred for 1 hrs & settled down.

The water taken for N-N- Dimethyl aniline recovery vessel where it is

treated with Sodium Hydroxide give N-N- Dimethyl aniline layer, which is

used again in reaction and water layer send to ETP.

The toluene layers taken into reactor, is distilled out & add water & nitric

acid at 55-600C give Nimesulide (crude). The water from centrifuge sends

to ETP.

The crude product purified by giving C-treatment in methanol gives pure

product.

Chemical Reaction:

Nimesulide

+DMA/Tol

2-Amino phenoxy ether MSC

O

NH 2

CH3SO2Cl

N(CH 3)2

+ O

NHSO 2CH 3

Sulpho derivatives

+

N(CH 3)2

-HCl

N(CH 3)2

+NaClNaOH

Step:1

Step:2

O

NHSO 2CH 3

Sulpho derivatives

HNO3+Toluene

O

NHSO 2CH 3

NO 2

Nimesulide

. HCl



Mass Balance:


2-Phenoxy aniline 370Methanesulphonyl Chloride 228 N-N-Dimethylaniline 240Toluene 1200N-N-Dimethylaniline 242 Water Layer to ETP 1200Water 1200NaOH 80

Nitric Acid 260 Toluene 1135Water 1000

Effluent 1800Water Washing 600 Nimesulide Crude 720

Purification Stage:

Nimesulide Crude (wet cake) 720Methanol 3600Carbon 30

Solidwaste 35

Methanol Washing 400 ML Methanol 3820

Dring loss 365Nimesulide 615

Total 9930 9930

Mass Balance of Nimesulide

GLRAddition &

layer seperation

Centrifuge

SSRReflux &

C-treatment

SparklerFilter

CrystallizerCooling

Centrifuge

Dryer

Toluene layer

Nitration & cooling



5. Clomiphene Citrate:


Into GLR charge 1-[p-(r-diethyl amino ethoxy) phenyl]1-2-

diphenylethylene, N-chlorosuccinimide and chloroform. Then reaction

mass refluxed for 12 hrs. Cool to 00C & filtered the succinimide. Then

filtrate distilled under vacuum and distilled out all chloroform. To the

residue mass, add acetone & citric acid. Then reflux mass for 1/2 hrs. To

hot solution add carbon & filtered the material hot. After cooling the mass

gives pure product. Centrifuge it and dry.

Chemical Reaction:

C lom iphene C itrate

1-[p-(r-d iethy lam ino ethoxy

phenyl]-1-2-d iphenylethylene

N-ch loro succin im ide

C

OCH 2CH 2N(C2H 5)2

+

Stage :1

Stage :2

Sulpho deriva tives C itr ic Acid

+

Clom iphene C itra te

C

H

N-Cl

O

O

1-[p-(r-d iethylam ino ethoxy

phenyl]-1-2-d iphenylch lo roethylene

C

OCH 2CH 2N(C2H 5)2

C

Cl

+

NH

O

O

Succin im ide

C

OCH 2CH 2N(C2H 5)2

C

Cl

C

OCH 2CH 2N(C2H 5)2

C

Cl

CH COOH

CH 2COOH

CH 2COOH

HO

CH COOH

CH 2COOH

CH 2COOH

HO.



Mass Balance:


1-[p-(r-diethylaminoethoxy)phenyl]1-2-dio 62Chloroform 500N-Chlorosuccinimide 23

Succinimide 17

Acetone 500 Chloroform rec 470Carbon 10Citric Acid 30

Carbon Solid waste 12

Acetone Washing 100 Acetone ML 560

Drying loss 76Clomiphene Citrate 90

Total 1225 1225

Mass Balance of Clomiphene Citrate

GLRReflux & Cooling

Centrifuge

Dryer

SSR Crystallizer

Cooling

NutchFilter

SSR Reflux &

hot

SparklerFilter



6. Saccharine:


O-toluene sulphonamide dissolves in water & treated with Potassium

permanganate below 450C. After addition stirred mass for 2 hrs. Then

centrifuge to remove manganese dioxide.

The mother liquor from centrifuge taken in GLR and acidity to pH 1.0 with

concentrated Hydrochloric Acid gives Saccharine. This material is

centrifuged & washed with water & dry.

Chemical Reaction:

Saccharine

CH3

+ [O]+ 2 MnO2

2 KMnO4

Saccharine

2H2O

SO2NH2

COOK

2

SO2NH2

HCl

+ 3 H2O

+SO2

N-H

O

KCl



Mass Balance:


OTSA 513Potassium Permanganate 480Water 3000

Water washing 1000 Manganese Dioxide 260

Hydrochloric Acid 370

Effluent 4250

Drying loss 303Saccharine 550

Total 5363 5363

Mass Balance of Saccharine

SSR

Centrifuge

Dryer

Centrifuge

GLR



7. N-(2-3-Dichlorophenyl) piperazine Hydrochloride:


Charge xylene, 2-3-Dichloro aniline and Bis-(2-Chloroethyl) amine HCl

into GLR & refluxed mass for 24 hrs. During reflux HCl (dry) evolved from

reactor scrubbed into scrubber. After the reaction time cool to RT &

centrifuge it which gives crude product.

The crude product purified by recrystallization from IPA using carbon.

After removal of carbon, the product collected from liquor by cooling to

100C.

Product then centrifuge & washed with IPA & dry in drier gives pure

product.

Chemical Reaction:

Cl

+Xylene

-HCl

NH2

+ 2 HCl

N-(2-3-Dichlorophenyl) piperazine Hydrochloride

Cl

NH-HCl

ClCH2CH2

ClCH2CH2 ClCl

NH-HClN

2-3-Dichloro aniline

Bis-(2-Chloroethyl)aniline

Hydrochloride

N-(2-3-Dichlorophenyl) piperazine

Hydrochloride



Mass Balance:


Xylene 1000 Dry HCl 1002-3-Dichloroaniline 200Bis-(2-chloroethyl)amine HCl 220

Crude (Product) 415Xylene ML 940

Purification Stage:

Crude Product 415IPA 1300Carbon 20

Carbon Solid waste 30

IPA Washing 200 IPA Recovery 1420

Drying loss 150

Product 300

Total 3355 3355

Mass Balance of N-(2,3-Dichlorophenyl)piperazine Hydrochloride

GLRReflux & Cooling

Centrifuge

SSRReflux &

C-treatment

SparklerFilter

CrystallizerCooling

Centrifuge

Dryer



8. 7-Hydroxy-3-4-dihydro-2[H]-quinolinone:


N-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-3-Chloro propionilide and Alluminium Chloride

charge into the reactor and heated up to 1300C to 1400C for 3 hrs. After

that dump the mass into ice & water mixture gives crude product.

Crude product purified by recrystallization from methanol 5-times using

carbon. After sparm3er filtered & cooling centrifuge & dry product.

Chemical Reaction:

N

AlCl3-HCl

+ HCl

N-(3-Hydroxy phenyl)-3-chloro

propionilide

7-Hydroxy-3-4-dihydro2[H]-quinolinone

7-hydroxy-3-4-dihydro-2[H]-quinolinone

HOH

Cl

O NHOH

O



Mass Balance:


HCl gas 20

N-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-3-Chloropropionamide 100Alluminium Chloride 250

Ice 500Water 500

Crude Product 98AlCl3 Soln 1250

Purification Stage:

Crude Product 98Methanol 400Carbon 8

Solid Waste 10

Methanol Rec 375

Drying loss 23

Product 80

Total 1856 1856

Mass Balance of 7-Hydroxy-3-4-dihydro-2[H]-quinolinone

GLR

Centrifuge

SSRReflux

SparklerFilter

Crystallizer

Centrifuge

Dryer

DumingVessel

Ice + Water

90 kg wet



9. 6-Hydroxy-3-4-dihydro-2[H]-quinolinone:


N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-Chloro propionilide and Alluminium Chloride

charge into the reactor and heated up to 1300C to 1400C for 3 hrs. After

that dump the reaction mass on to ice & water mixture.

Hydrochloric Acid gas generated during reaction scrub into water makes

dilute hydrochloric Acid.

Crude product refluxed with methanol & gives Carbon treatment. Carbon

filtered & filtrate cooling gives product. Product centrifuged & dried.

Chemical Reaction:

N

AlCl3-HCl

+ HCl

N-(4-Hydroxy phenyl)-3-chloro

propionilide

6-Hydroxy-3-4-dihydro-2[H]-quinolinone

6-hydroxy-3-4-dihydro-2[H]-quinolinone

H

Cl

O N

HO

HO

CH 3O



Mass Balance:


HCl gas 20

N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-3-Chloropropionamide 107Alluminium Chloride 250

Ice 500Water 500

Crude Product 98AlCl3 Soln 1250

Purification Stage:

Crude Product 98Methanol 400Carbon 8

Solid Waste 10

Methanol Rec. 365

Drying loss 40

Product 80

Total 1863 1863

Mass Balance of 6-Hydroxy-3-4-dihydro-2[H]-quinolinone

GLR

Centrifuge

SSRReflux

SparklerFilter

CrystallizerCooling

Centrifuge

Dryer

Dumping Vessel

90 kg wet



10. Aripiperazole:


Charge Acetone, 7-(4-Bromobutoxy)-3-4-dihydro-2-[H]- quinolinone,

Sodium Hydroxide & 2,3-Dichlorophenyl piperazine HCl into the reactor

and refluxed for 10 hrs. After cooling the sodium bromide & sodium

chloride mixture removed by nutch filter.

The filtrates evaporated up to dryness by distillation of solvent & add

IPA to reaction mass. The IPA solution treated with carbon under

refluxed. The hot solution filtered through sparm3er filter & cooling into

crystallizer gives pure product.

The ML from centrifuge sends for solvent recovery by distillation.

Chemical Reaction:

N

2 NaOH-NaBr7-(4-Bromobutoxy)-3-4dihydro-2-[H]-Quinolinone

Aripiperazole

Aripiperazole

H

OBrCH2CH2CH2CH2O+ N

N

H

Cl

Cl

.HCl

N N

Cl Cl

CH2CH2CH2CH2O N

H

O



Mass Balance:


7-(4-Bromobutoxy)3-4-dihydro-2[H]-Quinilinone 100N-(2-3-Dichlorophenyl)Piperazine HCl 90Acetone 1000Sodium Hydroxide 27

Acetone Washing 200 Sodium Bromide + Sodium Chloride 127

Acetone Rec. 1145

IPA 2300Carbon 15

IPA Washing 100 Solid Waste 20

IPA Washing 100 IPA Rec. 2370

Drying loss 120

Aripiperazole 150

Total 3932 3932

Mass balance of Aripiperazole

SSR

SparklerFilter

CrystallizerCooling

Centrifuge

Dryer

Nutch Filter

SSRReflux



11. Pseudoephedrine - HCl


Take toluene in vessel. Then add Phenyl Propanol Amine at room

temperature. Than add NaOH. Then add MDS-Di Methyl Sulphate slowly

at temperature 500C to 600C. Maintain it 10 hours. Now cool the

reaction mass around 150C to 200C. After completion of reaction, mass

is allow for centrifuge and separate the material of Sodium Methyl

Sulphate. Separated mass is now allowed to react with HCl in other

vessels. After complision of reaction, mass is centrifuge, sry and packed

for dispatch after QC report.

Chemical Reaction:

C

OHToluene

Phenyl Propanol amine MW-152

NH2

H

C

H

CH3 + Me2SO4 + NaOH C

OH NHCH3

H

C

H

CH3

MW-126 MW-40

C

OH

H

C

H

NHCH3

CH3

HCl (l)

• HCl

Pseudoephedrine-HCl



Mass Balance:

Phenyl propanol amine: 915 Kg

Di methyl sulphate: 760 Kg

Reactor

Centrifuge

Reactor

Centrifuge

Drying

Toluene washing: 200

HCl: 723

INPUT

Total: 2598

Pseudoephedrine HCl: 1181Kg

OUTPUT

CH3SO3Na: 452 Kg

Toluene: 195 Kg Effluent: 520 Kg to

Drying Loss: 250 Kg

Total: 2598



12. Phenyl Epherine-HCl:


Take Toluene in reaction vessels. Then ass alpha Bromo Meta-Hydroxy

Acetophenone at room temperature. After add 2-Methyl Benzyl Amine at

room temperature and add Caustic flaks. Then hot the reaction mass at

950 to 980C temp. Maintain it for 6 to 7 hrs. Then cool the mass up to

ambient temperature and do the centrifuge and separate the NaBr. Add

ML in another vessel. And add catalyst. Pass the Hydrogen gas at 500 to

550C temp. Filter the reaction mass, add HCl at room temperate,

centrifuge, dry the final product.

Chemical Reaction:

CH2Br

OH

alpha-Bromo meta Hydroxy aceto phenol MW-215

C

O

+

CH2NHCH3

+ NaOHToluene

CH2 –N- CH3

OH

C

O

+ NaBr + H2O

CH2 –N- CH3

OH

C

OH

+

Pd/c

Phenyl Epherine MW-165

2-Methylebenzyle amine MW-121

MW-40

MW-103

CH3

HCl (l)

CH2 –N- CH3

OH

C

OH

Phenyl Epherine-HCl MW-201

HCl

•

MW-92



Mass Balance:

Reactor

Centrifuge

Reactor

Reactor

Drying

Pd/c: 10 Kg H2 (g): 12Kg

Input

Total: 4512

Phenyl Epherine HCl: 1000

Output

NaBr: 565 Kg

Pd/c: 13 Kg

Drying Loss: 250 Kg

Total: 4512 Kg

Alpha-Bromo Meta Hydroxy Aceto Pherine: 1075 Kg

Toluene: 2000 Kg 2-Methyle benzyl amine:

610Kg NaOH: 200 Kg

SP Filter

Centrifuge

HCl: 605 Kg

Toluene: 1965 Kg Water: 715 Kg to ETP



13. Sodium Valproate:


Take Valproic Acid in vessel. Charge requires quantity of Acetone. Then

charge requires quantity of NaOH. Reflux the mass. Cool the mass.

Centrifuge it. Dry the final product.

Chemical Reaction:

Acetone

Valproic Acid

Sodium Valproate

Sodium Valproate

H2O+CH

COOHCH3CH2CH2

CH2CH2CH3

+ NaOHCH

COONaCH3CH2CH2

CH2CH2CH3



Mass Balance:


Valproic Acid 868Acetone 2000NaOH 502

Acetone Rec. 1910Effluent 350

Drying loss 200

Sodium Valproate 910

Total 3370 3370

Mass balance of Sodium Valproate

Centrifuge

Drying

Crystallization

Reactor



14. Magnesium Valproate:


Take Valproic Acid in vessel. Charge requires quantity of Acetone. Then

charge requires quantity of MgCO3. Reflux the mass. Cool the mass.

Centrifuge it. Dry the final product.

Chemical Reaction:

Acetone

Valproic Acid

Magnesium Valproate

Magnesium Valproate

H2O+CH

COOHCH3CH2CH2

CH2CH2CH3

+ MgCO3

CH

COOMgCH3CH2CH2

CH2CH2CH3

+ CO2



Mass Balance:


CO2 (g) 150

Valproic Acid 863Acetone 2000MgCO3 503

Acetone Rec. 1880

Drying loss 336

Magnesium Valproate 1000

Total 3366 3366

Mass balance of Magnesium Valproate

Centrifuge

Drying

Crystallization

Reactor



2.7 RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS

Since the proposed expansion will be within existing premises, there will

not be any additional land requirement. However, there will be

increased in other input requirements. The details are described

hereunder.

2.7.1 EXISTING INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES

At present the unit involved in the manufacturing of a single product.

Water

The existing water requirement of the plant is met through its own bore

well. At present the unit is involved in manufacturing of Phenyl

Propanolmine HCl, which is solvent base products and there is no water

requirement during manufacturing. Therefore, the existing industrial

water demand is only for boiler, cooling and floor washing which is

apprx. 1.45 m3/day whereas that for domestic and gardening is 2.0

m3/day and 7.0 m3/day respectively. Thus, existing total water

requirement will be 9.95m3/day. The break up water requirement is

summarized in Table No.:2.6

Steam

The existing steam requirement of plant is 0.6 TPH. The unit has

installed steam boiler and Thermic Fluid, where bio fuel is used.

Power

The existing power requirement is 40 KVA which is catered from State

Electricity Board. However, the unit has been also facilitated with D.G.

set of 82 KVA capacities, which is used in case of power failure or

emergency.

Fuel

Bio fuel is used in the boiler of quantity 1.5 TPD

Manpower

Since the unit is small scale unit and involved in manufacturing of only

one product of 1.0 TPM capacity, only 25 nos. of workers are required.



2.7.2 PROPOSED INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES

The unit proposes to expand its production capacity from 1.0 TPM

capacity to 57.2 TPM with manufacturing thirteen new products along

with existing product. Thus, there will be increased in the input

requirements after expansion.

Water

Since the proposed expansion will be in the same premises, the source

of water will be remained same i.e. own bore well. However, the unit

intends to produce some new products which utilize water. Therefore,

there will be increased water demand after proposed expansion in

addition to existing washing, boiler and cooling. The industrial water

requirement will be increased up to 36.1m3/day. There will also

increased in the manpower requirement and simultaneously, domestic

fresh water requirement will be 6.5 m3/day whereas water requirement

for the gardening will be 11 m3/day. Thus, total water requirement after

proposed expansion will be 53.6 m3/day. The detailed break up is given

in Table No.: 2.6

Steam

There will be increased in the steam requirement after proposed

expansion by 1.0 TPH of additional boiler, to satisfy the steam

requirement. The unit has proposed to install new steam boiler and

Thermic Fluid Heater, where bio fuel will be used.

Power

Due to the proposed expansion, there will be increased in the power

consumption. The additional power requirement will be 80 kVA catered

from State Electricity Board. However, the unit has been already

facilitated with D.G. set of 82 kVA capacity, which is used in case of

power failure or emergency.

Fuel



Bio fuel is used in the boiler at 3.5 TPD and diesel is required for the

D.G. set at 14.76 lit/hr rate. However, D.G. set is not regularly

operated.

Manpower

There will be increased in the manpower requirement after proposed

expansion, which will be approx. 80 employees.

2.8 POLLUTANTS GENERATION

The details of pollutants generation from existing and proposed plant is

described hereunder,

2.8.1 EXISTING INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES

Wastewater

At present the unit is involved in manufacturing of only one product i.e.

Phenyl Propanolmine HCl, which is distillation process. There is no water

consumption as well as wastewater generation from process. Thus, the

present industrial wastewater generation is only from washing, boiler

and cooling which will be 0.3 m3/day only which is sent to EICL-Padra

for further treatment and final disposal. The domestic effluent

generation is 1.8 m3/day which is disposed of to soak pit through septic

tank.

The detail Wastewater generation is shown in Table No.: 2.7

Gaseous Emissions

At present the main source of gaseous emission is flue gas due to

combustion of bio fuel at the rate of 1.5 TPD. There is no process gas

emission. The flue gas emission is through flue gas stack attached

commonly to the steam boiler and Thermic fluid heater having stack

height of 12.0 m. The flue gas emission contains SPM, SO2 and NOx as

air pollutants.

There is one D.G. set where diesel is used as fuel at the rate of 14.76

lit/ hr. However, it is used only in case of emergency. The D.G. set has

the stack height of 7 m. The gaseous emission from the D.G. set also



contains air pollutants i.e. SPM, SO2 and NOx. However, diesel is used

as fuel pollutants, the pollutants are well within the gaseous emission

norms and no need to provide any air pollution control measures.

The details of gaseous emission is given in Table: 2.3

Solid waste

The main sources of solid hazardous waste from the existing industrial

activities are ETP sludge, discarded containers, Distillation residue and

used oil. However, amount is very less since the unit is engaged in

manufacturing only one product. The details of hazardous waste

generation is given in Table: 2.5

Generation of Noise

The noise level in the unit is well within the prescribed limit. The main

source is D.G. set and plant & machinery.

2.8.2 AFTER PROPOSED EXPANSION

The unit proposes to expand its production capacity from 1.0 TPM

capacity to 57.2 TPM with manufacturing thirteen new products along

with existing product. Thus, there will also be increased in the pollution

generation after expansion.

Liquid Effluents-After proposed capacity The main source of the liquid effluent generation due to proposed

expansion will be process, washing, boiler and cooling. The total

quantity of industrial wastewater generation will be 20.5 m3/day, which

will be sent to EICL, Padra for further treatment and final disposal. The

domestic wastewater will be 5.3 m3/day, which will also be disposed of

to soak pit through septic tank.

The detail Waste Water generation is shown in Table No.: 2.7

Gaseous Emissions

After proposed expansion there will be addition of one no. of flue gas

stack due to installation of new steam boiler and Thermic Fluid Heater

and having stack height of 21.0 m. The unit proposes to continue the



present practice of using bio fuel. However, there will be increased in

the quantity of fuel requirement which will be apprx. 2.0 TPD. The flue

gas emission contains SPM, SO2 and NOx as air pollutants.

There will also process gas emission through the stack attached to

reactor and contains HCl as air pollutant. The details of stacks are given

in Table: 2.3

The unit also proposes to provide adequate air pollution control

measures, which will be described in Section: 2.5.2

Solid Waste The sources of hazardous solid waste generation will be remained same

after proposed expansion. However, there will be increase in the

quantity of the same category. The details of hazardous waste

generation is given in Table No: 2.5

Generation of Noise

No additional source of noise will be added after increase capacity

utilization.

2.9 POLLUTION CONTROL STRATEGY

2.9.1 Treatment Process Description:

As mentioned in Section: 2.4.4, the quantity of liquid effluent

generation will be 26.1 m3/day including 5.3 m3/day domestic. The unit

proposes to provide primary and tertiary treatment facilities to the

effluent and after treatment entire quantity of effluent will be

discharged to EICL, Padra for further treatment and final disposal. The

unit proposes to modify its own Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) to treat

the effluent of 25 m3/day capacity having primary and secondary

treatment facilities. The details Effluent Treatment Plant is given

hereunder, ETP flow diagram shown in Figure: 2.3

Effluent Treatment Plant

The industrial waste water from the plant has been collected in the

collection cum equalization tank, and then this homogenous effluent has



been transferred into the neutralization tank. Here in this tank effluent

has been neutralized by lime & ferrous Sulphate. Then neutralized

effluent has been filtered in the filter press, the filtrate is collected in the

collection tank and sludge has been transfer into the sludge drying bed.

The filtrate is passes through the sand/carbon tower and finally sent to

common effluent treatment plant (CETP) of M/s. Enviro Infrastructure

Co. Ltd., (M/s. EICL) through road tankers for further treatment and

disposal.

2.9.2 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES

As discussed in above section, the main source of air pollution will be

flue gas and process gas emission after proposed expansion. The flue

gas emission will be through the stack attached commonly to the boiler

and Thermic fluid heater, where the unit proposes to provide the

process gas containing HCl as pollutants will be passed through two

stage water scrubbers followed by alkali scrubber, which will be

adequate.

Adequate height will be provided with ladder and sampling point will be

provided as the GPCB guidelines. Chimney heights will choose such that

the generated pollutants disperse effectively and ensure that the ground

level concentrations of pollutants in the surrounding environment

remain well within the permissible limits.

The details of flue gas stacks and process gas stacks along with air

pollution control measures is given in Table no.: 2.3

Air Pollution Control System

The process emission containing hydrochloric gas (HCl), which scrubbed

in water scrubbers. The HCl gas gets absorbed in the water and results

in HCl solution. Concentration and volume of HCl gas is very law so

recovery of HCl is commercially not viable hence unit will treat it with



effluent. Water scrubber followed by alkali scrubber for controlling of air

emission as per the GPCB norms. Scrubbing system shown in Figure 2.3

2.9.3 HAZARDOUS SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

The entire quantity of hazardous waste will be handled and disposed as

per Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Trans boundary)

Rules’2008. The ETP sludge will be disposed to approve secured landfill

site i.e. NECL, Nandesari, whereas discarded containers will be sold to

registered authorised recycler. The spent/waste oil will be sold to CPCB

approved recyclers.

The unit will be provided isolated area for the storage of hazardous

waste having leachate collection system, impervious floor and roof

cover. Thus, hazardous waste management system provided by the unit

will be adequate.

2.9.4 FUGITIVE EMISSION:

There will be no significant fugitive emissions since raw material &

finished products are stored in closed conditions. Complete cover hood

system is installed at product and hydrochloric acid filling station.

Also frequent work area monitoring is done to ensure fugitive emissions

level.

2.9.5 NOISE

The main source of noise is DG set and some driving unit. The unit has

installed noise proof DG set. The workers are also provided ear muff,

ear plug while working at noisy area. However D. G. Set is treated as

stand by and used is very less in emergency or during the power failure.

2.9.6 HEALTH & SAFETY:

The unit performs pre-employment medical checkup and periodical

medical examination for all employees. Adequate numbers of first aid

boxes are kept at strategic locations in the plant. Workers will be

provided proper personal protective equipments as and when required.



The unit has also appointed one part time doctor for medical assistance

at the site.

2.9.7 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT

The unit will do plantation in around 2,400 sq. m, which will be around

30.5% of total land area.

2.9.8 RAIN WATER HARVESTING SYSTEM

The unit proposes to provide one water recharging wall within the plant

premises where collected rooftop rain water will be ground recharge

during the monsoon season. Water recharging sump near will be

connected to the storm water drainage system so excess water will be

runoff with storm water. To recharging the ground water during the

rain; unit is trying to balance ground water.



Table 2.1

Detail of the Products

Sr. No.

Name of Product Production Capacity, TPM

Existing :


Proposed :

1. Phenyl Propanolamine HCl (Existing Product)

4.0

2. Piroxicam 3.0

3. Meloxicam 3.5

4. Nimesulide 16.0


6. Saccharine 10.0









Total proposed 56.2

Total After Proposed 57.2



Table 2.2 Raw Materials Consumption

Sr. No.

Name of Raw Material Quantity (kg)

Phenyl Propanolamine HCl - 5 MT/Month 1. Phenyl Propanaloxime 4350 2. Methanol 1750 3. NaOH 1500 4. HCl 1200 5. Acetone 200

Piroxicam-5 MT/Month 1. 4-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-

methylcarboxylate-1-1-dioxide (ester) 4076

2. 2-Amino Pyridine 1424 3. Toluene 1545 4. Methanol 1242

Meloxicam-3.5 MT/Month 1. 4-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-

methylcarboxylate-1-1-dioxide (ester) 2690

2. 2-Amino-5-methyl thiazol-2-yl 940 3. Toluene 1000 4. Methanol 1000

Nimesulide-16 MT/Month 1. 2-phenoxy aniline 9626 2. Methane sulfonyl chloride 5932 3. Toluene 1691 4. N-N-Dimethylaniline 6296 5. Sodium Hydroxide 2081 6. Nitric Acid (70%) 6764 7. Methanol 4683

Clomiphene Citrate-0.9 MT/Month 1. 1-[p-(r-diethylaminoethoxy)phenyl]-1-2-

diphenylethylene 620

2. N-Chloro Succinimide 226 3. Chloroform 300 4. Citric Acid 300 5. Acetone 400

Saccharine-10 MT/Month 1. O-toluene sulfonamide 9327 2. Potassium Permanganate 8727 3. Hydrochloric Acid (30%) 6727

N-(2-3-Dichlorophenyl) piperazine Hydrochloride-2 MT/Month 1. 2-3-Dichloro aniline 1333 2. Bis-(2-Chloroethyl) amine HCl 1467 3. Xylene 400 4. IPA 533



Sr. No.

Name of Raw Material Quantity (kg)

7-Hydroxy-3-4-dihydro-2[H]-quinolinone-2 MT/Month 1. N-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-3-Chloro propionamide 2500 2. Alluminium Chloride 6250 3. Methanol 625

6-Hydroxy-3-4-dihydro-2[H]-quinolinone-2 MT/Month 1. N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-Chloro propionamide 2675 2. Alluminium Chloride 6250 3. Methanol 875

Aripiperazole-1.8 MT/Month 1. 7-(4-Bromobutoxy)-3-4-dihydro-2-[H]-quinolinone 1200 2. 2,3-Dichlorophenyl piperazine HCl 1080 3. Acetone 660 4. Sodium Hydroxide 324 5. IPA 1560

Pseudoephedrine - HCl -5 MT/Month 1. Phenyl Propanol Amine 3874 2. Di methyl Sulphate 3217 3. Toluene 847 4. HCl 3060

Phenyl Epherine-HCl -2 MT/Month 1. Alpha-Bromo Meta Hydroxy Aceto Pherine 2150 2. Toluene 70 3. 2-Methyle benzyl amine 1220 4. NaOH 400 5. HCl 1210

Sodium Valproate-2 MT/Month 1. Valproic Acid 1908 2. NaOH 1103 3. Acetone 198

Magnesium Valproate-2 MT/Month 1. Valproic Acid 1726 2. MgCO3 1006 3. Acetone 240



Table 2.3

Details of Stacks

Sr. No.

Stack attached to

Fuel Type

Stack Height, in m

Fuel Consumption

rate

Pollutant

Existing Air emission source

Flue Gas Stacks

1. Steam Boiler

2. Thermic Fluid Heater

Bio fuel

12 1.5 TPD PM<150mg/NM3 SO2<100mg/NM3 NO2<50mg/NM3

3. D.G. Set Diesel 7 14.76 Lit/Hr

PM<150mg/NM3 SO2<100mg/NM3 NO2<50mg/NM3

Proposed Air emission source

Flue Gas Stacks 1. Steam Boiler

2. Thermic Fluid Heater

Bio fuel

21 2.0 TPD PM<150mg/NM3 SO2<100mg/NM3 NO2<50mg/NM3

Process Gas Stacks

1. Process vent* -- 15

-

HCl <20 mg/Nm3

* The unit proposes to provide water scrubber followed by alkali scrubber.



Table 2.4

DEATAILS OF EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT

Sr. No.

Equipment/ Component Dimensions (m) Nos.

1. Collection Tank 2.75 x 2.20 x 3.2 1

2. Neutralisation tank 2.75 x 2.20 x 3.2 1

3. Filter press (12 Plates) 0.61 x 0.61 1

3. Intermediate collection tank 2.75 x 1.90 x 3.2 1

4. Aeration Tank 3.5 x 3.5 x 4.5 1

5. Secondary settling tank 2.5 x 2.5 x 2.0 1

6. Dual media filtration 2 m3/h filtration capacity 1Set

7. Final collection tank 2.65 x 2.25 x 3.4 1

8. Solid Waste Storage Area Aprox 30 sqm 1

9. Sludge Drying Bed 2.65 x 2.5 x 1 2



Table 2.5 Details of Solid / Hazardous waste (Existing & Proposed)

Quantity Sr. No.

Type of Waste

Category No. as per

HWM Rules, 2003

Existing Proposed Total Method of Disposal

1. ETP sludge

34.3 0.04 MT/year

18 MT/year

18.04 MT/year

Collection, Storage, Transportation & final disposal at TSDF-NECL, Nandesari

2. Used carbon

- - 12.0 MT/year

12.0 MT/year

Disposed to common hazardous waste incinerator

3. Discarded Containers

33.3 200 Nos./year

1500 nos./year

1700 Nos./year

Collection, Storage & sale to registered authorized recycler

4. Distillation Residue

36.4 0.05 MT/year

4.0 MT/year

4.05 MT/year

Disposed to common hazardous waste incinerator

5. Used Oil 5.1 4 lit/year 100 lit/year

104 lit/year

reuse in workshop or sold to approved recycler



Table No.2.6 Fresh water required for the existing and proposed activities

Source Present In

m3/d

Proposed In

m3/d

Total In

m3/d

Domestic 2.0 4.5 6.5

Industrial

Process 0.0 4.6 4.6

Boiler 0.50 15.5 16

Cooling 0.25 3.25 3.5

Washing (floor) 0.70 11.3 12

Gardening 6.5 4.5 11

TOTAL 9.95 43.65 53.6

Table No.2.7

Wastewater generation from existing and proposed activities

Source Present In

m3/d

Proposed In

m3/d

Total In

m3/d

Domestic 1.80 3.5 5.3

Industrial

Process 0.0 5.5 5.5

Boiler 0.05 3.0 3.05

Cooling 0.05 1.5 1.55

Washing (floor) 0.20 10.5 10.7

TOTAL 2.1 24.0 26.1



Table No.2.8

The compliance of the existing plant with CREP guideline is given in below table.

CREP compliances Sr. No.

Action point Compliance status

Segregation of waste streams: Waste streams should be segregated into high COD waste, low COD waste, Inorganic waste etc. for the purpose of providing appropriate treatment.

Presentably no wastewater generation from process hence not require.

1

Toxic steam to be collected separately & detoxify


Detoxification and treatment of High COD 2 High COD stream should be detoxified and treated in ETP or thermally destroyed in incinerator


Management of solid waste 3 Proper facilities should be provided for handling and storage of hazardous waste. For final disposal of hazardous waste, recycling and reuse should be given priority, either within the premises or outside with proper manifest system. In case of incinerable waste, properly designed incinerator should be installed within the premises or outside as a common facility. The non-incinerable hazardous waste should be disposed of in properly designed secure-landfill either within the industry’s premises or in a common facility – Implementation by March 2004 and action plan to be submitted to SPCB by June 2003.

We have developed the facility for segregation, collection, storage of waste and disposal as per the Hazardous waste Rule 2003/2008 ETP waste is categorized as non incinerable waste and disposed at TSDF site NECL-Nandesari.

Minimum scale of production to afford cost of pollution control 4 For new industries which are not connected with CETP & TSDF and which do not have the economics to install

Not applicable as we are member of common facilities



treatment facilities may not be considered for granting consent to establishment. Industry association shall submit proposal to SPCB / CPCB — implementation by December 31, 2003 and action plan to be submitted to SPCB by June 30, 2003. Long term strategies for reduction in waste 5 Consent for establishment and consent for operation under the Water Act will be based on pollution load and concentration of pollutants. Each industry will submit pollution load, concentration of final discharge alongwith water balance to SPCB/CPCB for formulation of strategy - action plan to be submitted to SPCB by June 30, 2003.

We have obtained CC & A on the basis of pollution load which derived from production, material balance/mass balance.

Control of air pollution 6 Industry will take up on priority, the control of hazardous air pollutants (such as benzene, carbon tetrachloride, 1-4 dioxane, methanol, toluene, methyl chloride etc.) and odorous compounds (mercapatan & hydrogen sulphide) - Implementation by Dec. 2004 and action plan to be submitted to SPCB by June 2003

We have installed closed handling system to transfer of low boil solvents. Presently no process emission hence not applicable.

Self-regulation by Industry though regular monitoring and environmental auditing

7

Industries on their own will carry out monitoring of environmental parameters, audit it at regular interval and submit the same to SPCB – Implementation by June 2003 Comment of BDMA - There shall be a policy for accreditating the auditors and the policy guidelines may be issued by MoEF.

Presently not applicable

8 Organizational restructuring and accreditation of Environmental Manager of Industry



Environment management cell will be created for each industry reporting to CEO directly - Implementation by June 2003. There should be a certification system for the environmental managers at individual level and common facility level. BDMA may evolve the programme along with SPCB/CPCB - Implementation by March 31, 2004 and action plan to be submitted to SPCB by July 2003.

We have functional EHS Cell and also appointed qualified manager reporting to the managing partner.

9 Optimizing the inventory of hazardous chemicals The information shall be

submitted to SPCB regularly alongwith rational - action plan to be submitted to SPCB by May 31, 2003

Complied

10 Proper operation of incinerator Industry will check the design

and will adopt sound engineering practices for proper operation of incinerators. Continuous monitoring will be done for operational parameters and specific parameters in tail gas to ensure the efficient functioning. This will be implemented within 3 months.

We are member of common Incineration facility approved by GPCB.

Optimizing the inventory of hazardous chemicals 12 Efforts will be made to optimise the inventory, particularly of hazardous chemicals. Such information will be made available to the Regulatory Agencies (SPCBs, Inspector of Factory & District

Complied

Self-regulation by industry through regular monitoring and environmental auditing

13

Industry will go for self-assessment and regulation by conducting environmental auditing regularly, besides having regular monitoring of

A system is in existence.



pollutants in air emission, liquid effluent and receiving

14 Organizational restructuring and accreditation of environmental manager of industry

For self-evaluation, organizational restructuring will be done and the environmental manager of the industry will be accredited to bring professionalism in environmental management.

We have functional EHS Cell and also appointed qualified manager reporting to the managing partner.



Fig. 2.1 Flow Diagram of Effluent Treatment plant

Collection tank

Neutralization tank Intermediate Collection tank

Pump

Final Collection tank

Pump

Filter Press

Sludge Drying Bed

Solid Waste Storage Area

Pump

Carbon & Sand Filter



Reactor

Primary condenser Secondary Condenser

Receiver

Utility supply

Utility Return

Utility Return

Utility supply

Vent

vent

Trap 1

Trap 2

Scrubber

Fig. 2.2 Flow Diagram of Solvent recovery system



Fig. 2.3 Flow Diagram of scrubbing system

Exhaust

1st Stage Media Water

2nd StageMedia

Caustic

1st stage Scrubber

2nd stage Scrubber

Inlet



Fig. 2.4 Plant layout



CHAPTER-3

Description of the Environment 3.1 Prelude

Any development activities related to industrial sector are expected to

cause impacts on environmental quality in surrounding area of the

respective project locations. However, the intensity of environmental

impacts from a specific project depends on several factors such as

type of process (Physical, chemical, fuel combustion etc.) involved in

the project, processing capacity (scale/size of the project), type and

extent of pollution control measures, project location, surrounding

geomorphology etc.

To assess environmental impacts from proposed project at a specific

location, it is essential to understand the environmental quality

prevailing in the surrounding area prior to implementation of the

proposed project. The environmental status within the impact zone is a

useful tool for identification of significant environmental issues. Hence,

studies are conducted to determine the baseline status.

The impacts from proposed industrial project on its surrounding

environment are mainly regulated by the nature and quantities of

pollutants discharged to the environment, existing environmental

quality, and assimilative capacity of the surrounding environment,

topography and terrain of the project site (its location) as well as the

surrounding area.

In order to identify and establish the extent of likely impacts, it is

essential to gather information on existing environmental quality with

regard to various components of the environment.



The following sections detail has been made to collect for the

environmental settings surrounding the Paragon Organics.

3.2 Air Environment

The impact on air environment would depend and has been identified

on the basis of identification of sources of air pollution from various

process operations; the nature of pollutants and their quantities likely

to be discharged to the atmosphere; and the baseline data on air

quality. The baseline data on air quality and micrometeorological

conditions of the area surrounding the project site have been

generated through an appropriately designed network for and

monitoring of ambient air quality (AAQ) within the zone of likely

impacts.

3.2.1 Design of Network for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations

The following criteria were taken into account while designing the

ambient air quality-monitoring network:

Topography/Terrain of the study area

Populated areas within the region

Prediction of maximum concentrations and distances of their likely

Occurrence under prevailing meteorological conditions

Representation of regional background

Representation of valid cross sectional distribution in downwind

Direction

Availability of infrastructure facilities like electricity, approach, safety of equipments etc.



3.2.2 Reconnaissance

Reconnaissance survey was undertaken to establish the baseline

status of air environment in the study region. The prime objective of

the AAQ survey, within 10 -km radial study area around the industry

at Plot Nos. 582, ECP road, Village: Luna, Dist.: Vadodara, Gujarat.

The terrain of the study area surrounding the industries is plain. Seven

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM) stations (One is fixed at

Industrial location and six stations) were located in villages in the

study area and were change based on the wind direction. The locations

(relative directions and distances) of these stations with respect to

project site are given in Figure 3.1.

The Respirable Particulate Matter (PM10 and PM2.5), Sulphur Dioxide

(SO2), and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), VOCs, HCl and Cl2 were

identified as significant parameters for ambient air quality monitoring,

particularly because these are likely to be emitted from the industry

and for which ambient air quality standards are prescribed.

The micrometeorological data on wind speed; wind direction,

temperature and relative humidity were collected through a weather

monitoring station for the study period. The baseline status of air

quality is monitored within the study area i.e. 10-Km radial distance

from project site.

3.2.3 Micrometeorology of the Area

The micrometeorological conditions at the project site will regulate the

transport and diffusion of air pollutants released into the atmosphere.

The principle meteorological variables are horizontal convective

transport (average wind speed and direction), vertical convective

transport (atmospheric stability, mixing height) and topography of the



area. The data on surface meteorological parameters (wind speed and

direction) in the study area were collected from December-2009 to

February-2010 using weather monitoring station placed at location of

Industry. The sensors of this equipment were kept at about 10 m

above ground level with free exposure to the atmosphere all through

the study period in winter season.

Wind rose

The 24 hourly wind rose was prepared using the data on wind direction

and speed collected for December-2009 to February-2010 in the study

area. The same, as depicted in Figure 3.2, shows the predominant

wind directions are N, NNW, NW & ESE implying that winds come from

these directions for most of the time during the period. The wind

speed class 1-5 kmph occurred for 32.92% and 6-10 kmph is 23.56%,

11-15 kmph is 10.39%, 16-20 is 4.99% and more than 20 kmph is

observed around 1.95 % of the time during study period. The calm

condition (below 1 kmph) observed is 26.18% of the time. The local

prevailing wind pattern during the study period is in conformity with

the climatologically normal of the region. The average wind speed

recorded is 5.7 kmph during the study period December-2009 to

February-2010.

Temperature

During the study period the maximum and minimum temperatures

recorded at project site were recorded as 33.8OC and 12.7OC

respectively.

Relative Humidity

At project site during study period, the maximum relative humidity

was recorded as 73.1% and minimum as 15.3%.



For the study area, the year can be broadly divided into following seasons

Winter Season (November to February)

Summer Season (March to May)

Monsoon Season (June to September)

Transition Month (October)

Winter is mostly cool and pleasant season. Sky is clear with stray high

clouds, winds blowing mainly towards South – West direction.

December and January are the coolest months. April and May are the

hottest months,

The monsoon sets in by about the second week of June. South-west

winds blow from May and last till the end of September. About 95% of

the annual rainfall in the area occurs during the months of June to

September. The normal annual rainfall in this region is 850 mm to 900

mm.

3.2.4 Ambient Air Quality Survey

The ambient air quality monitoring was carried out at 7 AAQM

locations, with a frequency of twice a week continuously for three

months, to assess the existing sub-regional air quality status in winter

season. The Respirable Dust Sampler along with the analytical

methods prescribed by CPCB was used for carrying out air quality

monitoring. At all these sampling locations; PM10, SO2, and NOx were

monitored on 24-hourly basis and grab sample were collected and

analyzed for the PM2.5, VOCs, HCl and Cl2 to enable the comparison

with ambient air quality standards prescribed by CPCB.

The data on concentrations of various pollutants were processed for

different statistical parameters like arithmetic mean, standard



deviation, minimum and maximum concentration and 98 percentile

values.

3.2.5 Baseline Status

The existing baseline levels with respect to PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX

VOCs, HCl and Cl2 are presented in Tables 3.2 to 3.5 along with

statistical analysis; represent the cross sectional distribution of

baseline air quality status of the study region.

Ambient Air Quality Status (PM10)

The arithmetic mean and 98th percentile value of 24-hourly PM10

values at all the locations ranged between 62-70 μg/m3 and 69-81

μg/m3 and meeting the CPCB standards (residential areas-100 μg/m3).

The 24-hourly concentration values show that the values are well

within the prescribed limit.

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

The arithmetic mean and 98th percentile value of 24-hourly SO2 at all

the locations ranged between 16-24 μg/m3 and 22-37μg/m3

respectively, which are well within the stipulated standards of 80

μg/m3 for residential areas.

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)

The arithmetic mean and 98th percentile value of 24-hourly NOx at all

the locations ranged between 21-27 μg/m3 and 26-34 μg/m3

respectively, which are much lower than the standards stipulated by

CPCB of 80 μg/m3 for residential areas.

3.3 WATER ENVIRONMENT

Water Environment of an area is broadly classified into following categories:

1. Surface waters: Rivers, drains, canal, ponds etc



2. Ground water: Accumulation in deeper strata of ground

The only source of recharging for both surface and groundwater source

is from precipitation (rainfall).

3.3.1 Geological Features and Geo-hydrological status of the study area

Geological Features:

The total geographical area of 32491 Hector is 10 kilometer radius.

The geological location situated around 22015’13” and 72002’18” East

longitude. The average elevation is 35 meters.

The area is cover under Alluvial Plains. Drainage of water is generally

east to west and flow of mahi river is NE to SW. Due to poor primary

porosity and permeability, these rocks do not form good aquifers. It is

only under favorable conditions that the locations where either due to

more thickness of weathered rock or due to highly fractured and

jointed nature of the rock, dug wells, dug- cum-bore wells and even

deep bore wells are found to be feasible. The groundwater structures

are generally within 20 to 40m depth.

Ground water level in the state varies considerably depending on

aquifer geology, geomorphology and rainfall. South-West monsoon is

the main source of ground water recharge. During pre-monsoon (May)

water level ranges in general from 10-20 m while during post-

monsoon (November) it varies in general from less than 5-10 m below

ground level.

Geo-Hydrological Status:-

The geo hydrological status of study area covers five aquifers. Water is

not available in first aquifer. Ground water quality is discussed in point

no 3.3.2. There is one surface water body namely River mahi passing



near in the area. Average 95 % of rainwater recharge against Replace

of Ground water Resource.

The total region of Gujarat is divided into four zones, over exploited

zone, Critical zone, Semi Critical zone, Rest zone (White category).

The study area fall under the white category.

3.3.2 Water Quality

Collected water samples were analyzed for various desirable

characteristics of drinking water. Sampling locations are shown in

Figure 3.3.

Ground water quality

Color: All the samples were found colorless except Ekalbara & Umraya village.

pH: All the samples meet the desirable standards (pH ranges from 7.3 to 7.9).

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): TDS in samples ranges from 852 mg/l

(Latipura) to 1942 mg/l (Umraya). All the samples meet the


Calcium: Calcium contents in the water ranges from 37 mg/l

(Latipura) to 142 mg/l (Umraya), Calcium content is high in sample of

Dabasa, Ekalabara & Umraya Village. Other all samples meet the



(Mahapura) to 77 mg/l (Village Umraya). All samples meet the


not available).

Sulfate: Sulfate content in the water ranges from 32 mg/l (Mahapura)

to 81 mg/l (Mujpur). All samples meet the desirable limit of 200 mg/l.




284 mg/l (Mahapura) to 518 mg/l (Umraya). All the samples are within

the permissible limit of drinking water 600 mg/l for drinking water (if

alternate source of potable water is not available).


stations.

Heavy metals like copper, cadmium, lead, chromium, nickel and zinc

are well below to prescribe limit in all samples.



291 mg/l to 842 mg/l), and Iron (ranges from 0.23 mg/l to 0.43

mg/l). Samples were also analyzed for Phenolic compound (less than

0.001 mg/l in all samples).

Conclusions: Ground water samples from villages meets the


specification for drinking water. Analysis report is given in Table 3.7.

Surface water quality

Color: All the surface water samples were found colorless and meeting desirable norms.

pH: All the samples meet the desirable standards (pH ranges from 7.5 to 7.8)

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): TDS in samples ranges from 355 mg/l

(River Mahi) to 650 mg/l (Dabhasa Pond). All the samples meet the

permissible limit of 2000 mg/l (If alternate sources of potable water

are not available).



Calcium: Calcium contents in the water ranges from 23 mg/l (River

Mahi) to 34 mg/l (Dabhasa Pond), all the samples meet the



(River Mahi) to 37 mg/l (Mahuvad Pond). All samples meet the


not available).

Sulfate: Sulfate content in the water ranges from 19 mg/l (River

Mahi) to 32 mg/l (Bhoj Pond). All samples meet the desirable limit of

200 mg/l.


143mg/l (River Mahi) to 233 mg/l (Dabasa Pond). All the samples are

within the permissible limit of drinking water 600 mg/l for drinking

water (if alternate source of potable water is not available).


stations.

Heavy metals like copper, cadmium, lead, chromium, nickel and zinc

are well below to prescribe limit in all samples.



143mg/l to 236 mg/l), Iron (ranges from 0.09 mg/l to 0.17mg/l).



Conclusions: Surface water samples from the study area meets the


specification for drinking water. Analysis report is given in Table 3.8.



3.4 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

3.4.1 Introduction

Noise can be defined as an unwanted sound. It interferes with speech

and hearing and is intense enough to damage hearing or is otherwise

annoying. The definition of noise as unwanted sound implies that it has

an adverse effect on human beings and their environment. Noise can

also disturb natural wildlife and ecological system.

Sound is mechanical energy from a vibrating surface, transmitted by

cyclic series of compression and rarefaction of molecules of the

materials through which it passes. Sound can be transmitted through

gases, liquids and solids. The number of compressions and

rarefaction’s of the air molecules in the unit of time is described as its

frequency. Frequency is expressed in hertz (Hz), which is the same as

the number of cycles per second.

3.4.2 Methodology

To understand the noise environment in the study area, a survey was

conducted using Sound Level Meter at each of the locations. (Figure

3.4)

3.4.3 Ambient Air Quality Standards in Respect of Noise

Ministry of Environment and Forest has notified the ambient standards

in respect of noise in Gazette of India on February 14, 2000. Table

3.11 gives these standards in respect of noise.

3.4.4 Day-Time and Night-Time Noise Levels

Considering the site specificity with respect to settlements, silent

zones (like hospitals, schools) Heavy traffic movements (like state

highways) and the source. Eight locations are selected for Noise

Survey in the day-and night time during the study period. Table 3.10

gives Lday, Lnight noise levels for all locations.



3.4.5 Ambient Noise Levels in Study Area

The Leq values of noise levels during day-time varied between 50.7 to

59.0 dB(A) Highest Leq daytime value was recorded at Project Site,

however it is less than the prescribed limit for the residential (75

dB(A)). The Leq values of noise levels during night time varied

between 40.2 to 54.4 dB (A). Highest Leq night time value was

recorded at Project Site which is less than prescribed limit (70 dB (A).

3.4.6 Conclusions

The hourly Leq noise levels recorded at various locations in the study

area show considerable fluctuations because of changes in traffic

movement, commercial and industrial activities in the study area.

Though the noise levels found within the prescribed limit both during

day time as well as night time, however the noise level (Leq daytime

as well as Leq night time) found at all locations within limit.

3.5 SOILS

3.5.1 Introduction

Soils may be defined as a thin layer of earth’s crust that serves as a

natural medium for the growth of plants. It is the unconsolidated

mineral matter that has been subjected to and influenced by natural as

well as anthropogenic factors. Soil serves as a reservoir of nutrients

for plants and crops and also provides mechanical anchorage and

favorable tilth.

The study area has primarily Black type of soil. The soils of this type

basically originate from alluvium rocks. According to texture

classification, this belongs to Clay & Clay slit category. This type of soil

has moderate permeability and water retention capacity.



3.5.2 Soil Characteristics

Samples of soils were collected from six locations viz. Plant Site,

Village Luna, Village Tajpura, Village Umraya & Village Raupura during

the study period and these locations are shown in Fig. 3.5.

The values of important physical and chemical parameters of these soil

samples are given in Table 3.12. From the tabulated values, the

following conclusions can be drawn about the physical and chemical

characteristics of these soil samples.

3.5.3 Findings

Physical Parameters

Particle Size: Particle sizes of the different constituents (clay, silt,

and sand) control the porosity and water holding characteristic of the

soil. Clay (size <0.002mm) amount in the soil samples ranges from

27% to 32%; Silt (size 0.002 to 0.075 mm) in the soil samples is 27%

to 38%, Sand (size 0.075 to 0.475mm) in the soil samples is 20% to

28 %, and Gravel (size 0.075 to 0.475mm) in the soil samples is 11%

to 17 %. Analysis shows it is clay loamy soil with moderate water

holding capacity.

Porosity: Porosity is a measure of space in between soil particles

caused by structural conditions and determined under identical

conditions. Porosity of soil samples of the study area ranges from 41.3

to 42.9%.

Water Holding Capacity (WHC): Water holding capacity (WHC) of

soil samples of the study area ranges between 38to 44 % and these

being clay loamy soils are capable of retaining sufficient water during

irrigation for facilitating the plant growth.

Bulk Density: Bulk Density of soils in the study area is found to be in

the range from 1.41 to 1.45 g/cm3. Bulk density is of greater



importance for characterizing the physical behavior of soils. Generally

soils with low bulk density have favorable physical conditions (porosity

and permeability) whereas those with high bulk density exhibit poor

physical conditions.

Chemical Parameters

pH: pH was determined by taking 1:5 ratio of soil and distilled water.

pH of soils in the study area is found to be in the range of 7.2 to 7.6.

The soils of the study area are neutral in nature.

Chloride: Chloride content in soils of the study area is found to be in

the range of 75 to 112 mg/kg.

Calcium: The soluble calcium as CaCO3 in soil samples is found to be

in the range 87 to 155 mg/kg.

Magnesium: Magnesium content in soil samples of the study area

ranges from 37 to 46 mg/kg.

Available Phosphorus: Available Phosphorus content in soil samples

of the study area ranges from 103 to 141mg/kg.

Available nitrogen content in soil samples of the study area is found

to be in the range from 147 to 1767 mg/mg.

Potassium: Potassium content in soil samples of the study area is

found to be in the range from 24 to 34 mg/kg.

Sodium: Sodium content in soil samples of the study area is found to

be in the range from 57 to 87 mg/kg.

This type of soil is good for agricultural uses.



3.6 SOCIO ECONOMIC AND LAND USE

3.6.1 Land use pattern and infrastructure

The land use pattern indicates the manner in which different parts of

land in an area is being utilized or non-utilized. It is an important

indicator of environmental health; human activity and degree of inter

play between them. Even though the soil quality, water availability and

climate have strong influence on agriculture and vegetation, the

human activity may alter the natural environment to a large extent to

suit human needs. Unnatural land use often triggers rapid

environmental deterioration and disturbs ecological balance.

In census records, major land use classifications are; cultivable area,

cultivable wasteland and area not available for cultivation. Cultivable

land is further classified as: irrigated and unirrigated. Area not

available for cultivation includes lands put to non-agriculture uses as

well as barren and uncultivable lands.

The main land use in urban area is for dwellings, infrastructure and

related activities. These are primarily based on 2001 Census are

presented in Table 3.13.

Land use and Land cover by Satellite Imaginary

Under this data service, secondary data on Land use/ Land cover has

been used to furnish data products that are useful to undertake study

for Luna Village, Taluk Padra, Vadodara district, Gujarat. The service

has been provided to San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd. who is undertaking the

study for the project. The data under all categories is provided for an

area of approximately 10 km buffer around the project site located at

longitude 73° 3' 49.68" E and latitude 22° 15' 28.80" N.



Method of Data Preparation

The land use/land cover has been presented in the form of a map

prepared by using the IRS-1D LISS-III data, procured from the

National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA), Hyderabad. The satellite

data has been processed using ERDAS Imagine software supported

with ground checks and ground truth verification. Area and distance

calculations have been carried out using GIS software after geo-

referencing the interpreted data with the help of SoI topographical

maps of the scale 1:50,000. A map of the satellite imagery with the

village locations has also been attached as Figure 3.6

A map depicting major land use/ land cover classes comprising lands

under agriculture, fallow land, Industrial Area, Water Body,

Open/degraded/ marshy and high/medium density vegetation; lands

falling under scrubs, open/barren lands and lands occupied by

inhabitations is presented at Figure 3.6 The map also marks the area

within 10 km of the project site as the area of interest.

Areas under Different Land use

The land use classification within buffer zone (distance of ten

kilometers from the project location) and the areas falling under the

respective classifications are as per the following:



Area Statistics of Land use / Land cover

Sl.No. Class Name Area (In Hectares)

Area Percentage

1 Water Body 99.69 0.32 2 Open/Barren Land 305.69 0.97 3 Agriculture Land 9819.25 31.29 4 Fallow Land 13802.31 43.98 5 Open/Degraded Vegetation 579.31 1.85 6 Scrubs 951.88 3.03 7 Ravenous/Gullied Land 71.56 0.23 8 River & Canal 897.19 2.86 9 Settlement & Habitation 1484.25 4.73 10 Sand/Beach 164.13 0.52 11 Marshy Vegetation 0.06 0.00 12 Industrial Area 63.50 0.20 13 Miscellaneous 3022.44 9.63 14 River Bed 122.56 0.39

Total 31383.81 100

3.6.2 Demographic and Socio-Economic Environment: Rural

The demographic and socio-economic details of the study area are

discussed below. Data on number of households, population as well as

literacy and employment pattern in the study area have been

presented in Table-3.14. The employment pattern in the area is an

indicator of number of persons employed in various sectors. It also

indicates the various categories of employment flourishing in the area.

Moreover, data on amenities (educational, medical, communication,

etc. facilities) available within the zone of influence has also been

provided.

Living Standard and Infrastructure

In India it is not possible to setup a common standard of living

because of wide variations in terms of income, economic conditions,

social custom, employment opportunity, pattern of spending, etc.



However, availability of amenities like education, medical, water

supply, communication, road network, electricity, etc. significantly

reflects the level of development of the area. Information on available

amenities in the study area has been extracted from census record of

2001.

3.6.3 Demographic and Socio-Economic:

Since the proposed project of M/s. Paragon Organics will be carried in

the existing premises located at Village: Luna, Taluka: Padra, Dist:

Vadodara, Gujarat. The urban out growth forms a large part of study

area in both the intermediate as well as outer zones. The main land

use in urban area is for dwelling, infrastructure and related activities.

To assess the demogragraphic and socio-economic profile of this area,

parameters like population, literacy, employment pattern, etc. have

been studied. Data pertaining to above parameters are presented in

Table-3.15.

3.7 ECOLOGY

3.7.1 Terrestrial Ecology (Flora)

Some plantation of Limdo, Baval, Banana etc are found in the study

area. Forest occurring in the area is not under the category of reserved

forest, but is under control of revenue department. The structure and

type of vegetation depends on climatic conditions and physiography of

an area. Climate of the study area is arid to semi arid and suited for

the growth of selected variety of vegetation. The tree spices found in

the study area as well as in the forest area are presented in Table No-

3.16.



3.7.2 Terrestrial Ecology (Fauna)

The area is devoid of thick vegetation; no significant wild life habited is

reported. There is no National Park in the study area. The common

species of fauna in the study area is tabulated in the Table No-3.16

3.7.3 Common Crop Plants

Common cultivated crop plants in the study area include: Rabi season-

wheat, bajri, Sugarcane, vegetables and Kharif- Vegetables, cotton etc

are some of the crop plants grown in the fields.



Table -3.1: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations

Sr. No. Sampling Location Direction w.r. to center of Industry

Distance

1 Project Site - 0.0

2 Luna WNW 1.8

3 Latipura S 5.0

4 Padra SE 2.7

5 Eklabara W 5.3

6 Umeta N 7.8

7 Sankhyad NNW 6.7



Table -3.2: Ambient Air Quality Status (PM10) (December-09 to February-10)

Average –24 Hours Unit - μg/m3

Station Name Max Min 98 Percentile

75 Percentile

50 Percentile

25 percentile

Avg SD

Project Site 81 54 80 72 68 67 69 7

Luna 82 65 81 74 72 70 72 5

Latipura 76 66 76 75 69 68 71 4

Padra 82 67 81 72 70 69 72 5

Eklabara 73 63 73 72 67 65 68 4

Umeta 69 60 69 68 63 62 65 4

Sankhyad 72 62 72 71 66 65 67 4

Table -3.3: Ambient Air Quality Status (SO2)

(December-09 to February-10)


Station Name

Max Min 98 Percentile

75 Percentile

50 Percentile

25 percentile

Avg SD

Project Site 38 21 37 31 28 24 28 5

Luna 23 13 23 20 19 16 18 3

Latipura 22 17 22 21 20 19 20 2

Padra 27 20 27 24 23 22 24 2

Eklabara 26 19 26 22 21 20 22 2

Umeta 27 20 27 25 23 21 23 2

Sankhyad 25 18 25 24 23 20 22 2



Table -3.4: Ambient Air Quality Status (NOx) (December-09 to February-10)


Station Name

Max Min 98 Percentile

75 Percentile

50 Percentile

25 percentile

Avg SD

Project Site 35 22 34 29 26 24 27 4

Luna 29 22 29 25 24 23 24 2

Latipura 27 21 26 26 25 22 24 2

Padra 28 21 28 27 25 24 25 2

Eklabara 27 18 26 22 21 19 21 3

Umeta 26 20 26 24 22 21 23 2

Sankhyad 26 18 26 24 21 20 22 2

Table -3.5: AAQMS Status (PM2.5, VOCs, HCl, Cl2) in mg/m3 (Grab Sample)

Sr. No.

Station Name PM2.5 VOCs HCl Cl2

1 Project Site 47 168 BDL BDL

2 Luna 44 140 BDL BDL

3 Latipura 36 152 BDL BDL

4 Padra 43 149 BDL BDL

5 Eklabara 32 129 BDL BDL

6 Umeta 34 142 BDL BDL

7 Sankhyad 39 131 BDL BDL



Table -3.6: National Ambient Air Quality Standards (EP, 7TH AMENDMENT RULES-2009)

Concentration in ambient air Pollutants Time-weighted average Industrial,

Residential, Rural and

others area

Ecologically Sensitive

area (Notified by

Central Government)

Method of Measurement

Annual Average*

50 20 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) µg/m3 24 hours** 80 80

Improved west and Gaeke

Ultraviolet fluorescence

Annual Average*

40 30 Oxides of Nitrogen as (NO2) µg/m3 24 hours** 80 80

Modified Jacob &Hochheiser

(Na-Arsenate) Chemiluminescence

Annual Average*

60 60 Particulate Matter(Size less than 10 µm or PM10, µg/m3

24 hours** 100 100

Gravimetric TOEM Beta attenuation

Annual Average*

40 40 Particulate Matter(Size less than 2.5 µm or PM2.5, µg/m3

24 hours** 60 60

Gravimetric TOEM Beta attenuation

8 hours ** 100 100 Ozone (O3) µg/m3 1hours** 180 180

UV photometric Chemiluminescence Chemical Method

Annual Average*

0.50 0.50 Lead (Pb) µg/m3

24 hours** 1.0 1.0

AAS/ICP method after sampling on EPM 2000 or equivalent filter paper

ED-XRF using Teflon filter

8 hours** 02 02 Carbon Monoxide (CO) µg/m3

1 hour** 04 04 Non Dispersive Infra Red (NDIR) spectroscopy

Annual

Average* 100 100 Ammonia(NH3)

µg/m3 24 hours** 400 400

Chemiluminescence Indophenol Blue Method



Benzene (C6H6) µg/m3

Annual* 05 05 Gas chromatography based continuous analyzer

Adsorption and desorption followed by GC analysis

Benzo(a)Pyrine (BaP)-particulate phase only, µg/m3

Annual* 01 01 Solvent extraction followed by HPLC/GC analysis

Arsenic (As), µg/m3

Annual* 06 06 AAS/ICP method after sampling on EPM 2000 or equivalent filter paper

Nickel (Ni) µg/m3

Annual* 20 20 AAS/ICP method after sampling on EPM 2000 or equivalent filter paper

*

Annual Arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform interval.

**

24 hourly/8 hourly or 01 hourly values, as applicable, shall be complied with 98% of the time in a year. 2% of the time the time, they may exceed the limits but not two consecutive days of monitoring.



Table -3.7: Results of Ground Water Quality in the Study Area

Sampled on dated 10/02/2010-11/02/2010

CONCENTRATION Parameters Unit GW1

(Luna) GW2

(Bhayli) GW3

(Mujpur) GW4

(Latipura) GW5

(Mahapura)

pH pH Unit 7.5 7.3 7.8 7.7 7.4 Color Co-Pt

Unit Color Less

Color Less

Color Less

Color Less

Color Less

Temperature 0C 26 27 25 27 25 Conductivity Micro

mhos/cm 1634 1249 1865 1230 1439

Turbidity NTU 5.1 4.8 6.2 3.9 4.6 TDS mg/L 1126 942 1230 852 972 COD mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

Total Hardness as CaCO3

mg/L 291 252 322 237 227

Total Alkalinity mg/L 302 322 354 310 284 Sodium as Na+ mg/L 296 284 310 268 218 Potassium K+ mg/L 46 37 52 43 42 Calcium Ca+2

mg/L 49 40 58 37 35 Magnesium Mg+2 mg/L 41 37 43 35 34 Chlorides as Cl- mg/L 418 369 492 349 291

Sulfates as SO4-2 mg/L 79 60 81 56 32

Fluoride F- mg/L 0.56 0.44 0.42 0.47 0.59 Nitrates as NO3

-3 mg/L 32 24 17 23 27 Phenol as C6H5OH mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

Cynide as CN- mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Arsenic as As mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

Cadmium as Cd mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Copper as Cu mg/L 0.18 BDL BDL BDL BDL Lead as Pb mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

Manganese as Mn mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Iron as Fe mg/L 0.43 0.36 0.39 0.24 0.3

Total Chromium mg/L 0.06 BDL BDL BDL BDL Zinc as Zn mg/L 0.11 BDL BDL BDL BDL

Nickle as Ni mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL



Results of Ground Water Quality in the Study Area

Sampled on dated 10/02/2010-11/02/2010

CONCENTRATION Parameters Unit GW6

(Dobikuwa) GW7

(Dabhasa) GW8

(Ekalbara) GW9

(Umraya) GW10

(Jaspur)

pH pH Unit 7.5 7.9 7.6 7.8 7.5 Color Co-Pt

Unit Color Less

Color Less 13 25 Color Less

Temperature 0C 29 27 28 30 29 Conductivity Micro

mhos/cm 1651 1892 1740 2760 1410

Turbidity NTU 5.7 6.3 15 19 5.1 TDS mg/L 1130 1310 1221 1942 985 COD mg/L BDL BDL 14 16 BDL Total Hardness as CaCO3

mg/L 291 455 490 672 374

Total Alkalinity mg/L 316 335 367 518 329 Sodium as Na+ mg/L 270 318 321 559 289 Potassium K+ mg/L 32 32 45 18 30 Calcium Ca+2

mg/L 39 80 84 142 72 Magnesium Mg+2 mg/L 47 62 68 77 47 Chlorides as Cl- mg/L 352 585 550 842 472 Sulfates as SO4

-2 mg/L 43 57 72 77 62 Fluoride F- mg/L 0.54 0.41 0.45 0.52 0.38 Nitrates as NO3

-3 mg/L 20 19 23 30 22 Phenol as C6H5OH mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Cynide as CN- mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Arsenic as As mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Cadmium as Cd mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Copper as Cu mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Lead as Pb mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Manganese as Mn mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Iron as Fe mg/L 0.35 0.25 0.29 0.39 0.23 Total Chromium mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Zinc as Zn mg/L BDL 0.12 0.15 0.14 BDL Nickle as Ni mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL



Table -3.8 Results of Surface Water Quality in the Study Area Sampled on dated 10/02/2010-11/02/2010

CONCENTRATION Parameters Unit

SW1 (Dabhasa Pond)

SW2 ( Mahuvad

Pond)

SW3 (Bhoj Pond)

SW4 (River Mahi)

pH pH Unit 7.6 7.5 7.8 7.5 Temperature 0C 27 28 28 28 Conductivity Micro

mhos/cm 942 755 890 435

Turbidity NTU 10.6 5.6 7.5 8.7 TDS mg/L 650 548 580 355

Dissolved Oxygen

mg/L 4.6 4.5 5.1 5.1

COD mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL Total Hardness

as CaCO3 mg/L 192 232 143 123

Total Alkalinity mg/L 233 184 230 143 Sodium as Na+ mg/L 188 132 176 107 Potassium K+ mg/L 27 24 24 19 Calcium Ca+2

mg/L 34 32 26 23 Magnesium Mg+2 mg/L 26 37 19 16 Chlorides as Cl- mg/L 236 212 218 143

Sulfates as SO4-2 mg/L 24 27 32 19

Nitrates as NO3-3 mg/L 12 16 14 20

Phenol as C6H5OH

mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL

Cynide as CN- mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL Arsenic as As mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL

Cadmium as Cd mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL Copper as Cu mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL Lead as Pb mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL

Manganese as Mn

mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL

Iron as Fe mg/L 0.17 0.12 0.14 0.09 Total Chromium mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL

Zinc as Zn mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL Nickle as Ni mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL

Total Coli form - Nil Nil Nil Nil



Table -3.9 Indian Standard Specification for Drinking Water

S. No.

Parameters Desirable Limit Permissible Limit in the Absence of Alternate Source

I Essential Characteristics 1. Colour, Hazen Units, Max. 5 25 2. Odour Unobjectionable - 3. Taste Agreeable - 4. Turbidity, NTU, Max. 5 10 5. pH value 6.5-8.5 No Relaxation 6. Total Hardness (as CaCO3) mg/l, Max. 300 600 7. Iron (as Fe) mg/ l, Max. 0.3 1.0 8. Chlorides (as Cl) mg/l, Max. 250 1000 9. Residual Free Chlorine, mg/l, Min. 0.2* - II Desirable Characteristics 10. Dissolved Solids, mg/l, Max. 500 2000 11. Alkalinity (as CaCO3), mg/l, Max. 200 600 12. Sulphate (as SO4) mg/l, Max. 200 400** 13. Nitrate (as NO3) 45 100 14. Fluoride (as F) mg/l, Max. 1.0 1.5 15. Calcium (as Ca) mg/l, Max. 75 200 16. Magnesium (as Mg) mg/l, Max. 30 100 17. Copper (as Cu) mg/l, Max. 0.05 1.5 18. Manganese (as Mn) mg/l, Max. 0.1 0.3 19. Mercury (as Hg) mg/l, Max. 0.001 No Relaxation 20. Cadmium (as Cd) mg/l, Max. 0.01 No Relaxation 21. Selenium (as Se) mg/l, Max. 0.01 No Relaxation 22. Arsenic (As As) mg/l, Max. 0.05 No Relaxation 23. Lead (as Pb) mg/l, Max. 0.05 No Relaxation 24. Zinc (as Zn) mg/l, Max. 5 15 25. Aluminium (as Al) mg/l, Max. 0.03 0.2 26. Boron (as B) mg/l, Max. 1 5 27. Chroumium (as Cr) mg/l, Max. 0.05 No Relaxation 28. Cyanide (as CN) mg/l, Max. 0.05 No Relaxation 29. Phenolic Compounds (as C6H5OH)

mg/l, Max. 0.001 0.002

30. Anionic Detergents (as MBAS) mg/l, Max. mg/l, Max.

0.2 1.0

31. Mineral Oil mg/l, Max. 0.01 0.03 32. Pesticides Absent 0.001 33. Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons

(as PAH) g/l, Max. - -

34. Radioactive Materials a. Alpha Emitters, Bq/I, Max. b. Beta Emitters, Bq/I, Max

- -

0.1 1

Note: * Applicable only when water is chlorinated ** Provided magnesium (as Mg) does not exceed 30 mg/l Source: IS 10500: 1991, Fourth Reprint, July 1999



Table -3.10: Ambient Noise Levels in the Study Area

Date of Monitoring: 10/02/2010-11/02/2010 Sr. No. Location Ld/Ln Applicable

Standard Db(A)

Noise Level

Ld 75.00 59.0 1 Project Site Ln 70.00 54.4 Ld 65.00 54.1 2 Bus stop of Luna village Ln 55.00 43.1 Ld 55.00 51.9 3 Nr. Temple of Luna Ln 45.00 42.9 Ld 55.00 52.0 4 Primary School Mujpur Ln 45.00 41.6 Ld 55.00 52.7 5 Dhabasa ECP Cross Road Ln 45.00 42.0 Ld 55.00 51.7 6 Nr. Temple of Bhayli Ln 45.00 43.8 Ld 55.00 50.7 7 Primary School Ekalbara Ln 45.00 40.2 Ld 65.00 55.2 8 Bus stop of Umaraya village Ln 55.00 49.0

Table -3.11: Ambient Air Quality Standards with respect to Noise

Category of Area Limits Leq, dB(A) Day Time Night Time

Industrial 75 70 Commercial 65 55 Residential 55 45 Silence 50 40



Table -3.12: Soil Analysis of Study area

Sampled on dated 10/02/2010-11/02/2010

S. No.

Parameters Unit Plant Site Luna Tajpura Umaraya Raupura

1 pH (5%)Solution 7.5 7.2 7.5 7.6 7.4 2 Loss of Ignition % 6.3 6.1 6.5 6.4 6.2

Particle Size Clay(< 0.002 mm)

% 27 29 32 24 29

Silt(0.002 to 0.075mm)

% 38 32 32 27 32

Sand(0.075-0.475mm

% 22 22 20 26 28

3

gravel (size > 4.75mm)

% 13 17 16 23 11

4 Water Holding Capacity

% 39 42 38 41 44

5 Permeability cm/hr 2.95 3.1 3.2 3.25 3.15 6 Bulk Density g/cm3 1.45 1.42 1.41 1.44 1.42 7 Porosity % 41.3 42.5 42.9 41.7 42.5 8 Sodium

Absorption Ratio Meq/

100gm 1.74 1.51 1.24 1.29 1.33

9 Sodium mg/kg 87 80 57 71 67 10. Potassium mg/kg 29 31 24 34 34 11 Calcium mg/kg 126 135 87 155 122 12. Magnesium mg/kg 37 46 45 46 41 13. Chlorides mg/kg 95 75 85 95 112 14. Sulphates mg/kg 81 57 60 55 45 15. Organic Matter mg/kg 1.73 1.28 1.15 1.19 1.13 16. Available

Nitrogen mg/kg 167 154 157 165 147

17 Available Phosphorus

mg/kg 103 119 126 133 141

18. Iron mg/kg 1.15 1.05 1.23 1.27 1.18



Table 3.13: Land Use Pattern

Sr. No.

Name of Village Total Area of the Village (ha)

Irrigated by source (ha)

Un irrigated (ha)

Culturable waste (ha)

Area not available for cultivation (ha)

1. Asarma 509.76 310 288.76 66.00 -- 2. Manpura 488.45 202.11 286.34 29.15 43.96

3. Umeta 411.69 157.32 211.73 32.91 109.73

4. Sherkhi 1235.04 596.17 638.87 223.49 113.68

5. Ankodiya 521.09 497.89 23.20 16.83 77.06

6. Jilod 387.21 257.21 130.0 36.23 107.20 7. Sankhyad 409.51 244.00 121.08 40.08 4.35

8. Khanpur 192.58 355.69 -- 27.57 77.72

9. Ampad 458.93 90.13 103.24 2.82 7.31

10. Mahapura 129.80 12.8 39.67 12.61 0.19

11. Narpura 65.64 283.79 52.84 36.73 47.03 12. Chamara 940.51 183.4 200.78 609.97 38.06

13. Bamangam 724.53 224.28 440.74 5.44 20.61

14. Raupura 448.99 633.42 224.71 45.03 119.39

15. Bhayli 1386.70 410.75 753.28 62.87 72.66

16. Ganbhira 1567.14 155.70 1406.34 5.10 -- 17. Umraya 539.23 242.82 128.48 9.56 36.26

18. Sangama 329.25 106.7 86.43 8.24 15.45

19. Gokalpura 164.54 210.55 57.84 2.20 178.35

20. Ekalbara 593.03 421.18 382.48 18.82 47.36 21. Luna 447.52 284.5 26.34 5.68 28.64

22. Tajpura 332.70 372.35 48.20 36.10 52.86

23. Samiyala 499.43 553.88 127.08 9.59 52.10

24. Bil 748.62 165.03 194.74 10.01 42.02

25. Kalali 389.01 437.86 223.98 43.99 198.27

26. Mujpur 888.84 710.11 450.98 23.77 311.34

27. Dabka 1906.31 61.2 1196.20 16.32 44.88

28. Mahuvad 482.51 127.83 421.31 -- 17.83

29. Dhobikuwa 196.86 81.58 69.03 20.82 28.13 30. Narshipura 266.92 671.72 185.34 17.30 254.42

31. Vadu 873.99 218.47 202.27 4.25 48.32

32. Sokhdakhurd 446.84 264.01 228.37 143.58 62.47



33. Darapura 407.59 292.35 143.58 1.11 33.29 34. Latipura 350.35 708.04 58.0 21.21 69.22 35. Ghayaj 737.54 88 29.50 7.66 45.14 36. Patod 521.33 375.83 433.33 26.57 148.86 37. Chansad 1731.10 196.03 1355.27 26.97. 43.92 38. Pipli 399.92 561.37 203.89 2.63 58.16 39. Ranun 857.95 475.4 296.58 15.13 103.59 40. Bhoj 1152.97 183.02 677.57 21.81 30.83 41. Vadadala 263.61 172.75 80.59 8.57 34.83 42. Sejakuva 369.82 139.07 197.07 2.52 27.92 43. Madapur 297.41 713.45 158.34 2.73 83.91 44. Sadhi 1400.11 348.93 686.66 29.54 63.79 45. Anti 863.12 161.36 514.19 10.25 27.05 46. Rajupura 258.10 512.6 96.74 6.31 61.54 47. Amla 1021.63 697.42 509.03 19.64 130.67 48. Sarasvani 1089.61 1099.04 392.19 4.36 67.87 49. Dhabasa 1199.09 242.82 100.05 43.37 65.81 50. Devapura 233.97 120.00 103.29 48.58 22.10



Table: 3.14 Summary of Socio-economic status of Study area (Demography-)

Total Population (Including institutional and houseless population)

Literates Total main Workers

Cultivators

Agricultural Laborer

Marginal Workers

Non-Worker Name of the Village/ Town/ Ward

No. of Occupied Residential House

P

M

F

M

F

M

F

M

F

M

F

M

F

M

F

Asarma 825 3863 2065 1798 1189 577 1208 597 248 13 298 215

Manpura 219 964 505 459 321 170 287 118 108 07 152 137 17 30 201 311

Umeta 627 3176 1649 1527 1975 1218 847 76 126 06 367 18 65 323 737 1128

Sherkhi 1627 8425 4425 4000 1239 2067 2201 528 702 98 675 870 293 725 1931 2747

Ankodiya 708 3567 1881 1686 1469 1052 1047 295 279 03 282 205 38 42 796 1349

Sankhyad 551 2820 1489 1331 1529 1030 890 70 626 168 101 191 31 623 568 638

Khanpur 298 1491 761 690 531 399 469 125 53 18 104 55 02 31 290 534

Ampad 251 1328 706 622 533 322 365 80 120 04 109 124 32 187 309 355

Mahapura 242 1335 710 625 523 280 429 53 231 42 54 111 26 165 255 410

Narpura 145 679 353 327 241 104 196 66 58 00 113 71 29 29 127 232

Chamara 853 4523 2345 2178 1561 876 1266 454 482 48 474 304 84 404 995 1320

Bamangam

442 2024 1029 995 673 479 618 170 84 03 229 153 03 17 408 809

Raupura 870 4594 2393 2201 1831 1189 1110 45 383 32 551 500 252 498 1031 1658





Cultivators


Marginal Workers



P

M

F

M

F

M

F

M

F

M

F

M

F

M

F

Bhayli 1553 7096 3682 3414 2812 2184 2100 372 273 12 905 668 21 493 1561 2549

Ganbhira 1376 7038 3749 3289 2801 1713 2037 994 817 34 797 345 92 211 2037 994

Umraya 660 3481 1864 1617 1302 645 915 127 421 76 217 475 225 664 724 826

Sangama 488 2513 1309 1204 940 643 783 225 173 05 365 129 00 14 526 965

Gokalpura 176 904 466 438 320 195 158 21 59 21 87 101 125 179 183 238

Ekalbara 767 3085 2007 1878 1341 775 1033 34 393 45 365 129 40 166 934 1578

Luna 414 2245 1176 1069 953 705 746 452 193 11 498 480 17 47 413 574

Tajpura 313 1714 891 823 722 617 567 294 227 96 228 172 02 14 322 515

Samiyala 1286 6073 3191 2882 2478 1686 1675 79 139 21 544 98 115 64 1401 2739

Bil 966 4471 2339 2132 1746 1269 1364 397 196 33 417 486 54 218 921 1517

Kalali 172 937 497 440 330 196 288 08 99 02 99 03 02 00 207 432

Mujpur 1702 8542 4473 4070 3226 1843 2031 428 508 36 963 907 486 1157

1955 2485

Dabka 1470 7691 4087 3604 2847 1659 1943 230 640 74 1012 865 277 1124

1867 2247

Mahuvad 910 4326 2237 2079 1618 1067 1147 233 297 23 635 507 124 633 966 1223

Dhobikuwa 264 1310 668 642 515 349 373 147 58 05 278 02 00 145 295 350





Cultivators


Marginal Workers



P

M

F

M

F

M

F

M

F

M

F

M

F

M

F

Narshipura 476 2631 1373 1258 1082 611 723 68 98 14 483 151 00 00 650 1190

Vadu 1562 8560 4500 4006 3258 2178 2129 194 690 16 868 158 102 41 2269 3771

Sokhdakhurd

419 1976 1035 941 810 529 535 50 124 04 185 36 02 02 498 889

Darapura 633 2964 1529 1435 1199 891 963 105 111 02 2017 34 24 11 642 1219

Latipura 563 2793 1516 1277 1158 708 864 164 203 06 409 283 13 135 639 978

Ghayaj 494 2431 1299 1132 958 579 831 34 267 05 410 257 14 233 454 865

Patod 470 2337 1238 1099 817 489 780 158 106 03 461 125 04 01 454 940

Chansad 547 2601 1366 1235 852 592 834 330 194 14 421 409 33 128 499 377

Pipli 355 2019 1048 971 809 554 614 201 221 64 280 192 11 81 423 989

Ranun 997 5069 2740 2329 1860 1177 1501 377 312 24 759 364 100 194 1139 1758

Bhoj 1244 6466 3472 2994 2147 1178 2142 1360 650 92 1133 543 13 95 1317 1539

Vadadala 188 842 445 397 343 216 295 49 102 00 138 48 00 00 150 348

Sejakuva 472 2306 1189 1117 815 489 701 108 67 02 419 80 14 10 474 999

Madapur 166 806 402 404 250 164 260 109 112 53 111 95 08 61 134 234

Sadhi 756 3661 1929 1732 1362 945 1121 145 297 06 678 139 111 39 697 1538





Cultivators


Marginal Workers



P

M

F

M

F

M

F

M

F

M

F

M

F

M

F

Anti 626 4135 2148 1987 1234 716 956 176 378 150 671 402 309 432 883 1379

Rajupura 252 1125 597 528 379 245 373 253 83 44 242 246 06 58 218 217

Amla 425 2015 1051 964 787 459 625 300 132 08 385 271 02 02 424 662

Sarasvani 512 2397 1262 1129 843 601 816 233 170 00 419 253 02 36 444 860

Dhabasa 1403 7240 3881 3359 2812 1828 2148 378 629 60 1041 734 182 509 1551 2472

Devapura 128 584 317 267 238 154 155 32 190 108 66 16 39 45 123 190



Table 3.15: Summary of Socio-economic status of Study area (Amenities)

Name of Village

Educational Facility

Medical Facility

Drinking Water Facility

Communication (Post or Telegraph)

Transportation Facility (Bus etc.)

Approach to Village

Nearest town and Distance (Kms.)

Power Supply

Asarma P(2) PHS,CHW T,W,R PO, Phone BS PR,KR Borsad-20 EA

Manpura P,H.PUC,C,AC MH,PHS, T,W,TK PO,Phone BS PR,KR Karjan -08 EA

Umeta P(2) PHS,CHW T,W,R PO, Phone BS PR,KR Borsad-22 EA

Sherkhi P(4) MHS, FPC,RP,CHW (3)

T,W,TK,R PO BS PR Vdodara -8 EA

Ankodiya p PHS,RP(2) CHW

T,W,TK PO,Phone BS PR Jawahar Nagar-6

EA

Sankhyad P(2) CHW T,W,R PO BS PR,KR Borsad-25 EA

Khanpur P CHW TW,TK,T,W

PO,Phone BS PR,KR Vdodara -13 EA

Ampad P PHS,FPC CHW

TK,T,W PO BS KR Padra-7 EA

Mahapura P CHW T,TK PO BS PR,KR Vadodara-12 EA

Chamara P, H PHS,RP,CHW T,W,TW,R

PO, Phone BS PR,KR Borsad-15 EA

Bamangam P,H.PUC,C,AC MH,PHS, T,W,TK PO,PHONE BS,NW PR,KR,NR Karjan-09 EA

Raupura P(4) H,O PHC FPC RP,CHW(2)

T,W,TW PO BS PR Vadodara-10 EA

Bhayli P,H.PUC MH,PHS, FPC T,W,TK PO,PHONE BS,NW PR,KR Vadodara -10 EA

Ganbhira P(2),H,PUC PHS,D,FPC,RP93),CHW(3) T,W,TW,R PO, Phone BS PR,KR Borsad-28 EA

Umraya P CHW T,W,TK, PO BS,NW PR,NR Padra -08 EA



Name of Village


Medical Facility




Approach to Village


Power Supply

Sangama P D,RP,CHW T,W,TK,TW,RN

PO BS,NW PR,NR Padra -02 EA

Gokalpura P,H.PUC,C,AC MH,PHS, T,W,TK PO,PHONE BS,NW PR,KR,NR Padra -08 EA

Ekalbara P,H.PUC,C,AC CHW,RP T,W,TK,TW,RN

PO BS,NW PR,NR Padra -09 EA

Luna P,H.PUC,C,AC MH,PHS,FPC,RP

T,W,TK,TW,R

PO,PHONE BS,NW PR,KR,NR Padra -03 EA

Tajpura P,CHW. MH,PHS,FPC,RP

T,W,TK,TW,R


Samiyala P,H.PUC,C,AC MH,PHS,FPC,RP

T,W,TK,TW,R


Bil P,H.PUC,C,AC MH,PHS,FPC,RP

T,W,TK,TW,R

PO,PHONE BS,NW PR,KR,NR Vadodara -10 EA

Kalali P,H.PUC MH,PHS T,W,TK, PO,PHONE BS,NW PR,KR,NR Vadodara -09 EA

Mujpur P,.PUC,C, MH,PHS,FPC, T,W,TK,T PO,PHONE BS,NW PR,KR,NR Padra -15 EA

Dabka P,H.PUC,C,AC MH,PHS,FPC,RP

T,W,TK,TW,R


Mahuvad P,H.PUC CHW T,W,TK,T PO,PHONE BS PR,KR Padra -10 EA

Dhobikuwa P,H.PUC MH,PHS,FPC T,W,TK PO,PHONE BS PR,KR Padra -08 EA

Narshipura P,H.PUC,C,AC MH,PHS,FPC, T,W,TK,T PO,PHONE BS,NW PR Padra -10 EA

Vadu P,H.PUC MH,PHS,FPC,CHW

T,W,TK, PO,PHONE BS PR,KR Padra -10 EA

Sokhdakhurd

P,H.PUC,C,AC MH,PHS, T,W,TK PO,PHONE BS,NW PR,KR,NR Padra -02 EA

Darapura P,H.PUC CHW T,W,TK,TW

PO,PHONE BS PR,KR Padra -02 EA

Latipura P,H.PUC CWC,RP,CHW T,W,TK,TW

PO,PHONE BS,RS PR,KR Padra -03 EA



Name of Village


Medical Facility




Approach to Village


Power Supply

Ghayaj P(2),H RP,CHW T,W,TK,Tw,Hp


Patod P(2), AC(3) CHW T,W,TK PO,PHONE BS PR,KR Padra -03 EA

Chansad P MH,PHC,D,FPC,RP,CHW

T,W,TK,R,N


Pipli P(2),H RP,CHW T,W,TK,HP,N


Ranun P(2),H,PUC,AC

D,RP,CHW T,W,TK PO,PHONE BS,RS PR Padra -15 EA

Bhoj P(2),H RP,CHW T,W,TK,Tw,Hp


Vadadala P(2),H RP,CHW T,W,TK,HP,N


Sejakuva P,AC(15) CHW T,W,TK,TW


Madapur P(2),H RP,CHW T,W,TK,Tw,Hp


Sadhi P,H.PUC,C,AC MH,PHS,FPC,RP

T,W,TK,TW,R


Anti P(2),H RP,CHW T,W,TK,HP,N


Rajupura P(2),H RP,CHW T,W,TK,Tw,Hp


Amla P,AC(15) CHW T,W,TK,TW


Sarasvani P,H,AC(2) D,RP,CHW T,W,TK,TW

PO,PHONE BS PR Padra -09 EA

Dhabasa P,H.PUC,C,AC MH,PHS,FPC,RP

T,W,TK,TW,R


Devapura P(2),H,PUC PHS,D,FPC,RP93),CHW(3) T,W,TW,R PO, Phone BS PR,KR Borsad-28 EA



Abbreviations: Educational

P - Primary School M - Middle School

H - Matriculation/High School PUC - Higher Secondary/Pre P University/Junior College/ Inter. C - College, Any college (Graduate level & above) I - Industrial School AC - Adult Literacy Class/ Centre

Medical Facility H - Hospital CWC - Child Welfare Centre HC - Health Centre PHC - Primary Health Centre PHS - Primary Health Sub-Centre RP - Registered Private Practitioner D - Dispensary MH - Maternity Home NH - Nursing Home FPC - Family Planning Centre TB - T.B Clinic SMP - Subsidized medical Practitioner

Drinking Water T - Tap Water W - Well Water TW - Tube well Water TK - Tank water HP - Hand Pump R - River water C - Canal L - Lake N - Nallah

Post and Telegraph PO - Post Office TO - Telegraph office PTO - Post & Telegraph Office P - Phone

Transportation BS - Bus RS - Railway Station

Approach to Village PR - Pucca Road KR - Kachcha Road

Power Supply ED - Electricity for domestic EAG - Electricity for Agriculture

Land Use R - River TWE - Tube well

T - Total



Table No-3.16: List of Tree Species found in the study area SR. NO. BOTANICAL NAME FAMILY VARNACULAR

NAME 1 Azadirachta indica Meliaceae Limdo 2 Acacia nilotica sub sp. Indica Mimosaceae Baval 3 Achras sapota Sapotaceae Chiku 4 Ailanthus excelsa Simaroubacceae Rukhdo 5 Alangium salvifolium Alangiaceae Ankol 6 Albizia lebbeck Mimosaceae Kalo saras 7 Annona squamosa Annonaceae Sitaphal 8 Anogeissus seicea Combretaceae Dhao 9 Balanites aegyptiaca Balanitaceae Ingorio 10 Bauhinia racemosa Caesalpiniaceae Astori 11 Bombax ceiba Bombacaceae Shimlo 12 Borassus flabellifer Arecaceae Tad 13 Butea monosperma Fabeceae Kesudo 14 Cassia siamea Caesalpiniaceae --- 15 Ceiba pentandra Bombacaceae Dholo shimlo 16 Citrus limon Rutaceae Limbu 17 Dendrocalamus strictus Poaceae Vans 18 Eucalyptus globulus Myrtaceae Nilgiri 19 Feronia elephantum Rutaceae Kotha 20 Ficus benghalensis Moraceae Vad 21 Ficus religiosa Moraceae Papal 22 Ficus virens Moraceae Pipli 23 Fzizyphus mauritiana Rhamnaceae Bor 24 Holarrhena antidysenterica Apocynaceae Indrajav 25 Holoptelea integrifolia Ulmaceae Kanjo 26 Leucena latisiliqua Mimosaceae Pardesi baval 27 Madhuca indica Sapotaceae Mahudo 28 Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae Ambo 29 Manilkara hexandra Saptaceae Rayan 30 Morinda tomentosa Rubiaceae Aal 31 Moringa concan Moringaceae Jangli saragavo 32 Parkinsonia aculeata Caesalpiniaceae Ram baval 33 Phoenix sylvestris Arecaceae Khajuri 34 Pithecellobium dulce Mimosaceae Goras ambli 35 Pongamia pinnata Fabeceae Karanj 36 Prosopis juliflora Mimosaceae Gando baval 37 Prosopis spicigera Mimosaceae Khijado 38 Psidium guajava Myrtaceae Jamphal 39 Streblus asper Moraceae Harero 40 Tamarindus indica Caesalpiniaceae Amli 41 Teminalia catappa Combretaceae Deshi bardam



List of Shrubs in the study area

SR. NO. BOTANICAL NAME FAMILY VARNACULAR

NAME 1 Euphorbia Nerifolia Euphorbiaceae Thor 2 Calotropis procera Asclepiafaceae Akado 3 Capparis decidua Capparidaceae Kerdo 4 Capparis sepiaria Capparidaceae Kanthar 5 Cassia auriculata Caesalpiniaceae Aval 6 Cobretum ovalifolium Combretaceae Mad velo 7 Cocculus cillosus meinspermaceae Vevdi 8 Euphorbia tirucalli Euphorbiaceae Thor 9 Impomoea fistulosa convolvulaceae Naphatio 10 Jatroha cureas Euphorbiaceae --- 11 Kriganelia reticulata Euphorbiaceae Kamboi 12 Lassonia inernis Lythraceae Mendhi 13 Mucuna pruriens Fabaceae Kavach 14 Opuntia elatori Cactaceae Phafda thor 15 Ricinus communis Euphorbiaceae Divel 16 Zizyphus mummularia Rhmnaceae Chani bor

List of Herbs in the study area

SR. NO. BOTANICAL NAME FAMILY VARNACULAR

NAME 1 Cynodon dactylon Poaceae Darbh 2 Apluda mutica Poaceae Pofli 3 Argemone mexicana Pepavraceae Darudi 4 Blumea membranacea Asteraceae - 5 Chloris barbata Poaceae Mindadin 6 Echinops echimatus Asteraceae Shulio 7 Eragrostic tinella Poaceae - 8 Hygrophila auriculata Acanthaceae Kantashulio 9 Sphaeranthus indicus Asteraceae Gorakh mundi 10 Tephrosia purpurea Fabaceae Sarphankho 11 Tridax procumbens Asteraceae Pardeshi bhangro 12 Typha angustata Typhaceae Ramban

List of Agriculture Crops in the study area SR. NO. BOTANICAL NAME FAMILY VARNACULAR

NAME 1 Zea maize Poaceae Makai 2 Sorghum vulgare Poaceae Bajri 3 Triticum aestivum Poaceae Gehu



6 Gossypium herbaceum Malvaceae Kapas 7 Cajamus cajan Fabaceae Tuver 8 Oryaza sativa Poaceae Danger

List of Amphibia, Reptilia and Birds in the study area

AMPHIBIA

SR. NO.

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME

1 Skipper frog Euphlyctic cyanophlytis 2 Common Indian Toad Bufo melanostictus

REPTILIA

SR. NO.


1 Wall Lizard Hemidactylus flaviviridis 2 Garden lizard Calotes versicolor 3 Skink Mabuya carinata 4 Fan throated lizard Sitana ponticeriana 5 Cobra Naja naja 6 Rat Snake Ptyas mucous

BIRDS

SR. NO.


1 Black drongo Dicrurus adsimilis 2 Ashycrowned finch lark Eremopterix grisea 3 Bank myna Acredotheres ginginianus 4 Blackwinged kite Elanus caerulus 5 Blue rock pigeon Columba livia 6 Cattle egret Bulbucus ibis 7 Common babbler Turdoides caudatus 8 Common crow Corvus splendens 9 Common myna Acredotheres tristis 10 Common sandpiper Tringa hypoleucos 11 Coppersmith Megalaima haemacephala 12 Crow- pheaasent Centropus sinensis 13 Fantail flycatcher Rhipidura aureola 14 Franklins wren warbler Prinia hodgsonii 15 Grey shrike Lanius excubitor 16 Grey tit Parus major 17 House sparrows Passer domesticus 18 House swift Apus affinus 19 Indian koel Eudynamysscolopaceae



20 Indian robin Saxicoloides fulicata 21 Indian roller Coracias benghalensis 22 Indian tree pie Dendrocitta vagabunda 23 Indian white backed vulture Gyps benghalensis 24 Jungle babbler Turdoides striatus 25 Jungle crow Corvus macrorhynchos 26 Lesser goldenbacked woodpeaker Dinopium benghalens 27 Lotens sunbird Nectarinia lotenia 28 Magpie robin Copsychus saularis 29 Pariah kite Milvus migrans 30 Pond heron Ardeola grayii 31 Purple sunbird Nectarinia asiatica 32 Red vented bulbul Pycnonotus cafer 33 Red wattled lapwing Vanellus indicus 34 Rofous backed shrike Lanius schach 35 Rofous tailed finch lark Aammomanes deserti 36 Rose ringed parakeet Paittacula krameri 37 Shikra Accipter badius 38 Small green bee- eater Merops orientalis 39 Spotted owlet Ethane brama 40 Swallow Hirundo rustica 41 Tailor bird Orthotomus sutorius 42 White breasted kingfisher Halcyon smyrensis 43 White wagtail Motavilla alba 44 Yellow throated sparrows Patronia xanthocollis

List of Insects and others in the study area

SR. NO.


1 Ant lion Myrmeleo sp. 2 Beetle Mylabris sp. 3 Black ant Camponotous compressus 4 Blue pancy Précis orithya 5 Common castor Ariadne merione merione 6 Common crow Euploea core core 7 Common evening brown Maelanitus leda leda 8 Common grass yellow Eurema hecabe simulate 9 Common mormon Papilio polyets romulus 10 Danaid eggfly Hypolimans misippus 11 Earthworm Megascolex sp 12 Field cricket Gryllus bimaculatus 13 German cockroach Blatta germanica 14 Grasshopper Orthetrum sp. 15 Grasshopper Conocephalus sp. 16 Honey bee Apis dorsata 17 Honey bee Apis indica 18 House cricket Gryllus domecticus



19 House fly Musca domestica (Linn.) 20 Indian cupid Everes lcturnus syntala 21 Lime butterfly Papilio demoles 22 Mole cricket Grylltaipa Africana 23 Mosquito Anopheles sp. 24 Mosquito Culex sp. 25 Pigmy locust Acridium sp. 26 Plain tiger Danus crysippus crysippus 27 Potter wasp Eumenes sp. 28 Red ant Oecophylla smargdina 29 Red cotton bug Ddysdercus sp. 30 Striped tiger Danus genutia genutia 31 Termite Microtermes 32 Tree cricket Oecanthus indicus (Sauss) 33 wasp Icaria sp. 34 Water strider Geris spinole (Leth) 35 Yellow pancy Précis hierta hierta SPIDERS

SR. NO.


1 Banded four legged spider Argiope aemula (Walckenaer)

2 Banded four legged spider Argiope sp. 3 House spider Crossopriza sp. 4 Jumping spider Plexippus sp. 5 Lynx spider Oxyopes sp. 6 Lynx spider Peucetia sp. 7 Orb web spider Cyclosa sp. 8 Orb web spider Larinia sp. 9 Orb web spider Neoscona sp. 10 See spider Clubiona sp. 11 Social spider Stegodyphus sp. 12 Two tailed spider Hersilia sp. 13 Wolf spider Hippasa sp. 14 Wolf spider Lycosa sp. 15 Wolf spider Pardosa sp.



Figure-3.1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Station

Indicating Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Station

Padra



Figure-3.2 Wind rose of winter season



Figure -3.3 Water sampling location

Indicating Location of Ground Water Sample Indicating Location of Surface Water Sample

Jespur



Figure-3.4 Location Noise survey

Indicating Noise Monitoring Station



Figure-3.5 Soil sampling location

Indicating Location of Soil Sample


REIA Study for Paragon Organics 3-51

Figure-3.6 Land use map of 10 Km area

San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd, Ahmedabad


CHAPTER - 4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS &

MITIGATION MEASURES 4.1 GENERAL

Environmental Impact can be defined as any change in environmental

conditions which may be adverse or beneficial occurred due to an action

or set of actions under consideration.

Environmental impact can be assessed by identifying the sources of the

impact and predicting the same. The identification of environmental

impacts has been made by co-relating the relationship between project

activity and environmental parameters. The project activities of the

proposed project are usually divided into two phases: Construction

Phase and Operation Phase. The activities like mining, excavation,

erosion, building construction, transportation of construction material,

etc. are usually consider in the construction phase. While in the

operation phase the activities like transportation and storage of raw

materials and finished products, manufacturing process, resource

consumption, emergency disaster and green belt development has been

considered.

The next step is prediction of impacts, which is an important component

in environmental impact assessment process. Several techniques and

methodologies are in vogue for predicting the impacts due to existing

and proposed industrial development on physical, chemical, biological

and socio-economic components of environment. Such predictions

delineate contribution in existing baseline condition for the proposed

project. The additional impacts due to proposed activities are analyzed

keeping in mind the baseline status. This helps assess the assimilative

capacity of the environment and in turn the gravity of the impacts.



The third important component of the environmental assessment is the

evaluation. Based on the identification and prediction of the nature of

impact on the environment, the impact can be evaluated qualitatively

and quantitatively.

The environment impact due to proposed activities will be evaluated

considering the following parameters,

• Air Environment

• Water Environment

• Noise Environment

• Land Environment

• Ecology

• Socio-Economic Environment

Since the proposed project of M/s. Paragon Organics is proposed

expansion in the existing premises, less construction activities will be

carried out. It will be required only for the installation of new additional

plant & machineries. Here the Impact assessment is carried out

considering two phases of activities: Construction Phase and Operation

Phase

4.2 AIR ENVIRONMENT

4.2.1 Sources of Impact

There are chances of impact on the air environment due to

installation of new machinery during construction phase and due to

gaseous emission from the flue and process gas stacks during

operational phase.

4.2.2 Prediction of impact during construction phase

Since the proposed project will be carried out within existing

premises, construction activities will be required only for the

installation of new plant & machineries. Hence; there will be some

minor impacts on the quality of the air but this will not cause any



adverse effects on the surrounding atmosphere. No disposal of

construction waste outside the plant and no leaching are anticipated

however, there will be chances of dust emission from site cleaning

and construction activities. This will be limited only up to working

area.

Dust and other emissions are not likely to spread in wider area, which

would affect homes and other properties. Dust will generate within

working areas and measures will need to be taken to protect workers.

However, to mitigate the impact due to Suspended Particulate Matter

(SPM), regular sprinkling of water will be done along with the

construction activities.

4.2.3 Prediction of impact during operational phase

The impacts on air quality from any project depend on various factors

like design capacity, configuration, process technology, raw material,

fuel to be used, air pollution control measures, operation and

maintenance.

4.3 SOURCE OF AIR POLLUTION

The main point sources of air pollution due to proposed expansion

project will be from additional flue gas stack and one process gas stack.

Flue gas stack will be attached commonly to one steam boiler and

Thermic fluid heater whereas process gas stack will be attached to

reactor vessel containing HCl as pollutant.

Bio fuel will be used as fuel for boiler and Thermic fluid heater with the

consumption rate of 2.0 TPD. The unit also proposes to provide proper

stack height is maintained. Chimney heights have been chosen such

that the generated pollutants disperse effectively and ensure that the

ground level concentrations of pollutants in the surrounding

environment remain well within the permissible limits. For process gas

stack, a two stage water scrubber followed by alkali scrubber will be



provided to scrub HCl and control the pollution. The unit will be

provided the adequate stacks heights of 21 m for the flue gas stack

(Boiler & Thermic Fluid Heater) and 15 m for process gas stack.

To minimize fugitive emission, the unit has adopted the practice of

carrying out entire manufacturing process into closed vessel as well as

provided adequate scrubbing system for efficient absorption of process

gas. Unit also takes special care for solvent recovery.

Special care is also taken while material handling and storage. To

reduce the pollutant emission during transportation, the unit has

adopted the practice of regular check up and maintenance of vehicular

engines for complete combustion of the fuel.

In the present study, the mathematical model that has been used for

prediction on air quality includes steady state Gaussian Plume

Dispersion model designed for multiple point sources.

4.4 AIR EMISSIONS

The results for gaseous emission for the process gas stack are

summarized in Table: 4.1. The results show that all parameters are

well within the stipulated norms.

4.4.1 Micrometeorology

The hourly wind speed, solar isolation and total cloudiness during day

time and wind speed and total cloudiness during night time were used

to determine the hourly atmospheric stability classes (defined by

Pasquill and Gifford as A to F, A being most unstable and F being most

stable). The hourly stability classes were determined based on the

technique suggested by Turner.

Turner’s system used for determining the stability classes is as follows:

• For day or night: If total cloud cover (TC) = 10/10 and ceiling

<7000 ft (2134 m), NR=0

• For night-time (defined as period from one hour before sunset

to one hour after sunrise):



o If TC < 4/10, use NR = -2

o If TC > 4/10, use NR = -1

• For daytime: determine isolation class number (IN)

o If TC < 5/10, use NR=IN

o If TC > 5/10, modify IN by the sum of the following

applicable criteria

1. If ceiling < 7000 ft (2134m), modification = -2

2. If ceiling > 7000 ft but < 16000 ft (4877 m),

modification = -1

• If TC=10/10 and ceiling > 7000 ft, modification = -1, and let

modified value of IN=NR, except for day-time NR cannot be

<+1

During the study period stability calculated based on above-

mentioned Turner method gives average stability as A-B class during

Day time and E class during Night time. The mean mixing height

considered for prediction is 100 m as mean minimum and 1200 m as

mean maximum. Average micro meteorological data of December

2009 to February 2010.

4.4.2 Air Quality Modelling and Predictions using the Gaussian Model

(ISCST3)

The impact on air quality due to emissions from single source or group

of sources is evaluated by use of mathematical models. When air

pollutants are emitted into the atmosphere, they are immediately

diffused into surrounding atmosphere, transported and diluted due to

winds. The air quality models are designed to simulate these

processes mathematically and to relate emissions of primary

pollutants to the resulting downwind air quality. The inputs include

emissions, meteorology and surrounding topographic details to predict

the impacts of conservative pollutants.



The impacts of air pollutants were predicted using Gaussian air

dispersion model, which is selected on the basis of existence of

multiple point sources within the industrial complex and the plain

terrain at the project site.

The Gaussian air dispersion model has been developed to simulate the

effect of emissions from point sources on air quality. Gaussian model

is extensively used for predicting the Ground Level Concentrations

(GLCs) of conservative pollutants from point, area and volume

sources. The impacts of primary air pollutants are predicted using this

air quality model keeping in view the plain terrain at the project site.

The micrometeorological data monitored at project site during study

period have been used in this model.

The Gaussian model provides estimates of pollutant concentrations at

various receptor locations. It is, an hour-by-hour steady state

Gaussian model which takes into account the following:

• Terrain adjustments

• Stack-tip downwash

• Gradual plume rise

• Buoyancy-induced dispersion, and

• Complex terrain treatment and consideration of partial

reflection

• Plume reflection off elevated terrain

• Building down wash

Partial penetration of elevated inversions is accounted for hourly source

emission rates, exit velocity, and stack gas temperature.

Gaussian air dispersion models were used to estimate the ambient air

quality levels at different monitoring stations due to stack emissions.

Only two stability conditions based on the meteorology aspects were

used to calculate the theoretical maximum ground level concentration.

Comparing the actual data and data generated from mathematical



modelling, it highlights that the stability condition E & A-B were

predominant in the region. The maximum ground level concentration of

SPM, SO2 and NOX were away from the source. Using the estimated

stack emission data and wind speed directions, a mathematical model

was prepared to establish the ground level concentration in the region.

4.4.3 Predicted GLCs of proposed plant

It is predicted that the maximum contribution in GLCs, with units

operating at full capacity, is 2.096 μg/m3, 0.189 μg/m3 and 0.568

μg/m3 for SPM, SO2 and NOX respectively where as, HCl is found 0.145

μg/m3. The point of maximum concentration by unit would be 2.0 km

& 1.0 km from centre of industry in E direction.

With this marginal contribution due to the proposal of the project, the

levels of SPM, SO2 and NOX will be below residential area limit

prescribed by CPCB. The 24-hourly average GLC Values for SPM, SO2,

NOX and HCl are reported in Table 4.2 – 4.4.

4.5 WATER ENVIRONMENT

4.5.1 Sources of Impacts

The main sources of impact on water environment will be due to use of

fresh water with drawling from its own bore well during construction

and operation phase and treated waste water after confirming GPCB

norms will be discharged to CETP operated by M/s. EICL, Ltd. for

further treatment and final disposal.



4.5.2 Prediction of Impact during Construction phase

Since the proposed expansion project will be carried out in the same

premises, construction will be required only for the installation of new

plant and machineries. Therefore, there will be minor adverse impacts

on the water body but this will not cause adverse effects on the

surrounding atmosphere. No disposal of construction waste outside the

plant and no leaching are anticipated.

4.5.3 Prediction of Impact during Operational Phase

The water requirement will be met by withdrawling fresh water from its

own bore well.

The increase in water requirement due to proposed expansion will be

53.6 m3/day out of which industrial water requirement will be 36.1

m3/day only. Thus, less amount of industrial water will be required and

there will be minor impact on the ground water table.

Industrial wastewater will be generated from process, washing, boiler

and cooling which will be 20.8 m3/day out of which domestic

wastewater will be @ 5.3 m3/day which will be disposed to soak pit

through septic tank.

The unit proposes to install its on ETP containing primary and tertiary

treatment facilities of 25 KLD capacity and after confirming stipulated

norms, entire quantity of treated effluent will be sent to CETP operated

by M/s. EICL for further treatment and final disposal into the deep sea.

Thus, due to serious consideration and adequate treatment facilities for

the waste water, there will not be any major impact on the water

environment due to proposed activities.



4.6 NOISE LEVEL IMPACT

4.6.1 Sources of Impacts

During construction phase the impact on noise environment will be due

to installation of new mechanical equipments and machineries while

during the operational phase the impact on noise environment will be

due to manufacturing activities, boiler, pumps and transportation

activities. This will be in a very controlled quantity which will not cause

any harmful effects on the environment and surrounding locality.

4.6.2 Prediction of impact during construction phase

The noise produced during construction may have significant impact on

the ambient noise levels. Since, the proposed project will be carried out

within the existing premises; noise will be generated due to installation

of new machineries and equipments. However, these impacts will be

very minor and temporary in nature.

4.6.3 Prediction of impact during operational phase

The main sources of noise within the plant are: boiler, manufacturing

activities, transferring pumps and material handling systems. Suitable

noise control system will be provided to ensure that noise at the

ventilation openings does not exceed 90 dB (A) at 1 m distance in

conformity with ISO 3746. The noise level shall, however, exceed the

above limits for a short period during start-up of equipments.

The continuous source of noise during plant operation will be boiler,

compressors, transferring pumps and equipments. The other sources of

noise are the movement of vehicles along the road however; proper

noise preventive measures will be taken to minimize the noise pollution

like ear plugs, dampers to the boilers, efficient silencers to the vehicles,

etc.

Thus, impact on the environment during the operation phase will be

long term but of insignificant quantity.



4.7 LAND/SOIL ENVIRONMENT

The main source of impact on land and soil environment will be due to

construction activities and hazardous waste disposal.

4.7.1 Prediction of impacts during construction phase

Since, the proposed project will be within the existing premises; less

construction activities to be carried out. However, there will be

installation of new machineries and equipments. But all this would not

make a huge damage to the present condition of land. Further, the

area of the plant is flat. Levelling would not be required. Thus,

topography will also remain unchanged after execution of the proposal.

Thus, the impact on the land/soil during the construction is for short

terms and insignificant.

4.7.2 Prediction of impacts during operation phase

Entire quantity of the hazardous waste will be stored in the isolated

hazardous waste storage area within premises having leachate

collection system and roof cover.

Entire quantity of ETP sludge generated from the Effluent Treatment

Facilities will be sent to Secure Land Fill site approved by GPCB.

Whereas, discarded barrels / bags / drums / liners will be sold to the

authorized will be sold to CPCB / MoEF registered recyclers.

4.8 SOCIO - ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

The plant technology is most modern and will require educated and

trained manpower. The surrounding area has got good educational

facilities so; mostly the employment will be from surrounding area.

However, some experts with requisite experience may come from

outside also.

The operation of the proposed project may require the workforce of

about 80 personnel. Thus, increasing industrial activity will boost up the

commercial and economical status of the locality to some extent. Thus,



overall impacts on socio-economic environment due to the existence of

project will be long term and positive in nature.

4.9 ECOLOGIAL IMPACTS

Impacts of the proposed project on the ecological environment like

natural vegetation, crops, fisheries and aquatic life, species diversity,

are summarized here under.

Since the proposed expansion will be within the existing premises, there

will not be any cutting of natural vegetation. On the contrary, the unit

proposes to develop green belt on and around the premises.

The area around the premises has dense growth of vegetation. Various

trees, shrubs and herbs are found in and around it. A list of which is

given in Chapter 3. None of the plants are in the list of Endangered

Plant Species.

The high Stomata Index of Azadirachta indica makes them susceptible

to SO2. However, the SO2 emissions from the industry will be within

limits and proper dispersion provision will be provided at the stack

height. Hence, no major adverse impact is expected on these plants.

The high SPM levels may harm leaves by blocking stomata and thus

interfering with exchange of gases during photosynthesis and

respiration and also cause abrasion of plant surfaces when the wind

blows. But the site is not subjected to high-speed winds and the plants

can be expected to be free from any major impacts of SPM. Thus, there

will not be any significant impact on ecological environment due to

proposed project activities.



Table – 4.1:- Emission Levels of Plant

Existing

Proposed

Estimated results of Flue Gas Emission

Estimated results of Process Emission

Sr. no.

Stack attached to

Unit Pollutant & Concentration

Height (m)

Dia of stack(m)

1 Process vessels

mg/m3 HCl=5.0

15 0.15

Sr. no.

Stack attached

to

Stack Temp (0K)

Velocity m/s

Stack height

(m)

Dia. of Stack (m)

Fuel Used

SPM mg/ Nm3

SO2

mg/ Nm3

NOX

mg/ Nm3

1. Boiler & Thermic

Fluid Heater

450 9.5 12 0.450 Bio fuel

92 8.0 23.5

Sr. no.

Stack attached

to

Stack Temp (0K)

Velocity m/s

Stack height

(m)

Dia. of Stack (m)

Fuel Used

SPM mg/ Nm3

SO2

mg/ Nm3

NOX

mg/ Nm3

1. Boiler & Thermic

Fluid Heater

450 9.5 21 0.450 Bio fuel

110 10.0 30.0



Table – 4.2

The 24-hourly average GLC Concentration Values for SPM

RANK CONC RECEPTOR (XR,YR) TYPE RANK CONC RECEPTOR (XR,YR) TYPE 1 2.096 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 26 1.338 ( 0.00, 4000.00) GC 2 1.979 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 27 1.335 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 3 1.763 ( -1000.00, 1000.00) GC 28 1.313 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 4 1.756 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 29 1.313 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 5 1.732 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 30 1.307 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 6 1.684 ( 0.00, 3000.00) GC 31 1.283 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 7 1.666 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 32 1.279 ( 0.00, 3000.00) GC 8 1.628 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 33 1.277 ( -1000.00, 1000.00) GC 9 1.613 ( -1000.00, 1000.00) GC 34 1.276 ( -1000.00, 1000.00) GC 10 1.583 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 35 1.268 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 11 1.567 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 36 1.265 ( 0.00, 3000.00) GC 12 1.542 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 37 1.262 ( 1000.00, 1000.00) GC 13 1.530 ( -2000.00, 2000.00) GC 38 1.253 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 14 1.529 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 39 1.252 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 15 1.517 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 40 1.224 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 16 1.445 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 41 1.215 ( 0.00, 3000.00) GC 17 1.442 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 42 1.199 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 18 1.434 ( 0.00, 3000.00) GC 43 1.198 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 19 1.417 ( 0.00, 3000.00) GC 44 1.155 ( 0.00, 4000.00) GC 20 1.413 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 45 1.153 ( 0.00, 3000.00) GC 21 1.401 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 46 1.145 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 22 1.382 ( -2000.00, 2000.00) GC 47 1.136 ( 0.00, 3000.00) GC 23 1.368 ( 0.00, 3000.00) GC 48 1.127 ( -3000.00, 3000.00) GC 24 1.367 ( 0.00, 3000.00) GC 49 1.125 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 25 1.346 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 50 1.124 ( 0.00, 4000.00) GC

Note: Receptor Types: GC = Grid cart, Concentration in µg/m3



Table – 4.3

The 24-hourly average GLC Concentration Values for SO2

RANK CONC RECEPTOR (XR,YR) TYPE RANK CONC RECEPTOR (XR,YR) TYPE 1 0.189 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 26 0.121 ( 0.00, 4000.00) GC 2 0.179 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 27 0.121 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 3 0.159 ( -1000.00, 1000.00) GC 28 0.119 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 4 0.159 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 29 0.119 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 5 0.157 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 30 0.118 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 6 0.152 ( 0.00, 3000.00) GC 31 0.116 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 7 0.151 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 32 0.116 ( 0.00, 3000.00) GC 8 0.147 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 33 0.115 ( -1000.00, 1000.00) GC 9 0.146 ( -1000.00, 1000.00) GC 34 0.115 ( -1000.00, 1000.00) GC 10 0.143 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 35 0.115 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 11 0.142 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 36 0.114 ( 0.00, 3000.00) GC 12 0.139 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 37 0.114 ( 1000.00, 1000.00) GC 13 0.138 ( -2000.00, 2000.00) GC 38 0.113 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 14 0.138 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 39 0.113 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 15 0.137 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 40 0.111 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 16 0.131 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 41 0.110 ( 0.00, 3000.00) GC 17 0.130 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 42 0.108 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 18 0.130 ( 0.00, 3000.00) GC 43 0.108 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 19 0.128 ( 0.00, 3000.00) GC 44 0.104 ( 0.00, 4000.00) GC 20 0.128 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 45 0.104 ( 0.00, 3000.00) GC 21 0.127 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 46 0.103 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 22 0.125 ( -2000.00, 2000.00) GC 47 0.103 ( 0.00, 3000.00) GC 23 0.124 ( 0.00, 3000.00) GC 48 0.102 ( -3000.00, 3000.00) GC 24 0.124 ( 0.00, 3000.00) GC 49 0.102 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 25 0.122 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 50 0.102 ( 0.00, 4000.00) GC




Table – 4.4

The 24-hourly average GLC Concentration Values for NOx

RANK CONC RECEPTOR (XR,YR) TYPE RANK CONC RECEPTOR (XR,YR) TYPE 1 0.568 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 26 0.363 ( 0.00, 4000.00) GC 2 0.537 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 27 0.362 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 3 0.478 ( -1000.00, 1000.00) GC 28 0.356 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 4 0.476 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 29 0.356 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 5 0.470 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 30 0.354 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 6 0.456 ( 0.00, 3000.00) GC 31 0.348 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 7 0.452 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 32 0.347 ( 0.00, 3000.00) GC 8 0.441 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 33 0.346 ( -1000.00, 1000.00) GC 9 0.437 ( -1000.00, 1000.00) GC 34 0.346 ( -1000.00, 1000.00) GC

10 0.429 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 35 0.344 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 11 0.425 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 36 0.343 ( 0.00, 3000.00) GC 12 0.418 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 37 0.342 ( 1000.00, 1000.00) GC 13 0.415 ( -2000.00, 2000.00) GC 38 0.340 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 14 0.415 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 39 0.339 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 15 0.411 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 40 0.332 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 16 0.392 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 41 0.329 ( 0.00, 3000.00) GC 17 0.391 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 42 0.325 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 18 0.389 ( 0.00, 3000.00) GC 43 0.325 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 19 0.384 ( 0.00, 3000.00) GC 44 0.313 ( 0.00, 4000.00) GC 20 0.383 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 45 0.313 ( 0.00, 3000.00) GC 21 0.380 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 46 0.310 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 22 0.375 ( -2000.00, 2000.00) GC 47 0.308 ( 0.00, 3000.00) GC 23 0.371 ( 0.00, 3000.00) GC 48 0.306 ( -3000.00, 3000.00) GC 24 0.371 ( 0.00, 3000.00) GC 49 0.305 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 25 0.365 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 50 0.305 ( 0.00, 4000.00) GC




Table – 4.5

The 24-hourly average GLC Concentration Values for HCl

RANK CONC RECEPTOR (XR,YR) TYPE RANK CONC RECEPTOR (XR,YR) TYPE 1 0.145 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 26 0.072 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 2 0.128 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 27 0.071 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 3 0.118 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 28 0.066 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 4 0.118 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 29 0.065 ( -1000.00, 1000.00) GC 5 0.113 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 30 0.065 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 6 0.110 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 31 0.063 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 7 0.108 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 32 0.063 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 8 0.102 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 33 0.063 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 9 0.097 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 34 0.061 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 10 0.094 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 35 0.061 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 11 0.092 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 36 0.060 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 12 0.088 ( -1000.00, 1000.00) GC 37 0.057 ( 1000.00, 1000.00) GC 13 0.087 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 38 0.055 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 14 0.087 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 39 0.055 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 15 0.083 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 40 0.055 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 16 0.081 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 41 0.055 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 17 0.080 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 42 0.053 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 18 0.079 ( -1000.00, 1000.00) GC 43 0.053 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 19 0.079 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 44 0.053 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 20 0.078 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 45 0.053 ( -1000.00, 1000.00) GC 21 0.078 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 46 0.051 ( -1000.00, 1000.00) GC 22 0.075 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 47 0.051 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 23 0.075 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 48 0.050 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 24 0.074 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 49 0.049 ( 0.00, 2000.00) GC 25 0.074 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC 50 0.049 ( 0.00, 1000.00) GC




Figure – 4.1

Isopleths for Ground Level Concentrations for SPM

-10000 -8000 -6000 -4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000-10000

-8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000



Figure – 4.2

Isopleths for Ground Level Concentrations for SO2

-10000 -8000 -6000 -4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000-10000

-8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000



Figure – 4.3

Isopleths for Ground Level Concentrations for NOx

-10000 -8000 -6000 -4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000-10000

-8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000



Figure – 4.4

Isopleths for Ground Level Concentrations for HCl

-10000 -8000 -6000 -4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000-10000

-8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000



Chapter - 5 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

5.1 INTRODUCTION

Assessment of environmental and social impacts arising due to

implementation of the proposed project activities is at the technical

heart of EIA process. An equally essential element of this process is

to develop measures to eliminate, off set or reduce impacts to

acceptable levels during implementation and operation of projects.

The integration of such measures in to project implementation and

operation is supported by clearly defining the environmental

requirements within an Environmental Management Plan (EMP).

From the previous chapter it can be said that the proposed project of

M/s. Paragon Organics has significantly less pollution potential. For

abatement of environmental pollution, the unit would adopt several

measures, which are summarized in this chapter.

M/s. Paragon Organics is a new unit and has done the homework to

develop the efficient Environmental Management Plan. This will be

put in to existence as per the requirement after the execution of the

proposal.

5.2 OBJECTIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

The objectives of the Environmental Management Plan are

summarized here under,

• To limit/reduce the degree, extent, magnitude or duration of

adverse impacts

• To treat all the pollutants i.e. liquid effluent, air emissions

and hazardous waste with adoption of adequate and

efficient technology

• To comply with all the norms and standards stipulated by

Gujarat Pollution Control Board / Central Pollution Control

Board

• To create good working conditions



• To reduce any risk hazards and design the disaster

management plan

• Continuous development and search for innovative

technologies for a cleaner and better environment

5.3 COMPONENTS OF EMP

EMP for the proposed project of M/s. Paragon Organics covers

following aspects:

• Description of proposed mitigation measures for proposed

operation phase only

• Description of monitoring program

• Institutional arrangements

• Implementation schedule and reporting procedures

All above aspects and objectives are kept in the view and considering

the same EMP is prepared for two major fields.

5.3.1 Environmental Management systems

M/s. Paragon Organics is well aware of environmental requirements

for planning and implementation of the project and set up a

department with trained personnel headed under the qualified

manager. As indicated in the impact and mitigation chapter of this

report, the environmental impact due to the proposed project is very

marginal release of pollutants.

5.3.2 Environmental, Health and Safety Management System

Chemical Industries prefer an integrated approach and make

environmental management a part of overall Environment, Health

and Safety (EHS) Management system. This model EHS system

suggests and addresses EMS issues such as:

• Management system expectation

• Management leadership, responsibilities and accountability

• Risk assessment and management

• Compliance and other requirements

• Personnel, training and contractor services



• Documentation and communications

• Facilities design and construction

• Operation, maintenance and management

• Community awareness and emergency response

• EHS performance monitoring and measurement

• Incident investigation reporting and analysis

• EHS management system audit

• Management review and audit

With this type of EHS management approach, proposed project

would be able to integrate the requirements of ISO-14001 into the

overall management system.

5.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DURING CONSTRUCTION

PHASE

Since the proposed expansion project of M/s. Paragon Organics for

the manufacturing of bulk drugs will be carried in the existing

premises, less construction activities will be required for the

installation of new plant and machineries. Hence, there will be some

adverse impacts on the quality of air and water but, this will not

cause adverse effects on the surrounding atmosphere. No disposal of

construction waste outside the plant and no leaching are anticipated.

The impact will be temporary and negligible. The construction

activities for installation work shall generate noise and dust within

working areas. Therefore, measures will be taken to protect workers.

In order to mitigate the adverse environment impacts during the

construction phase, regular sprinkling of the water will be done.

5.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DURING OPERATIONAL

PHASE

5.5.1 AIR ENVIRONMENT

The main point sources will be flue gas emission from the stack

attached commonly to boiler and Thermic fluid heater due to

combustion of bio fuel and process gas emissions from the reactor

vessels containing HCl pollutant. The major air pollutants identified



from this industry will be; SPM, SO2 and NOx due to flue gas

emission and HCl from process vent.

However, in order to achieve the reduction, it is suggested that

during operational phase regular maintenance and periodic tuning of

the burner system should be done to ensure proper atomization and

subsequent minimization of any unburned combustibles. It reduces

particulate emissions. For this, combustion process may be further

improved by adopting following measures.

• Optimization of combustion aerodynamics should be done

using a flame retention device.

• Re-circulation of flue gas may be considered to achieve the

triple goals of low PM emissions, low NOX emissions and

high thermal efficiency.

• Primary flame zone O2 level should be decreased by

decreasing overall O2 level, controlling (delaying) mixing of

fuel and air, and use of fuel-rich primary flame zone.

Flue gas volume should be checked for amount of air needed for

the complete combustion of the fuel.

During operation phase, the unit may also implement energy

conservation measures through installation of heat recovery

systems. This would reduce the fuel consumption and in turn the

emissions.

Since bio fuel will be used as fuel the flue gas emission will be well

within stipulated norms and there will not be any need of APC

measures. However, the unit also proposes to provide two stage

water scrubber followed by alkali scrubber which will be adequate

to scrub the HCl gas from the process vent and to meet the

stipulated gaseous emission norms.

The unit will also provide adequate stack monitoring facilities for

the periodic monitoring of the stack to verify the compliance of

the stipulated norms.



Green Belt

In order to minimize the air pollution, the unit proposes to create

the green belt area considering the following guidelines:

• Green cover should be created at all the available open

spaces.

• To make green belt dense more trees are to be planted at

all patches where plantations already exists.

• Strict surveillance will be made to increase the survival rate

of the trees.

• Plants with higher height, medium and low height should be

planted to ensure thick belt for attenuation of fugitive

emission. This activity demands expert advice and guidance.

5.5.2 Measures for fugitive emissions

The fugitive emissions of may be from leakage through valves,

fittings, pumps, etc. Excess use of solvent may also results in the

fugitive emission from the process vessels.

Good house-keeping, proper maintenance and continuous

observation will prevent the chances of any fugitive emission from

the process plant how ever; the unit will adopt adequate measures

for the minimization/prevention of the fugitive emission. The unit

proposes to adopt following measures, which will be continued after

the production starts.

• Regular maintenance of valves, pumps and other

equipments to prevent leakage and thus minimize the

fugitive emissions of VOCs.

• Used brine chillier for recovery of Solvent.

• Entire process will be carried out in the closed reactors with

proper maintenance of pressure and temperature.

• Regular periodic monitoring of work area to check the

fugitive emission.



In case modernisation is undertaken by M/s. Paragon Organics,

design features as suggested in Table 5.1 for new equipment

may be considered.

5.5.3 Water Environment

The fresh water requirement of M/s. Paragon Organics will be

53.6 m3/day which will be satisfied through its own bore well. The

unit proposes to practice of maintaining the records for the total

water withdrawal from various resources and consumption at

various levels in the plant.

Industrial effluent generation will be around 20.8 m3/day during

the operational phase and whereas domestic effluent of @ 5.3

m3/day will be disposed off to soak pit through septic tank.

To treat the industrial effluent generated from the proposed

expansion project, the unit proposes its own Effluent Treatment

Plant consisting of primary and tertiary treatment facilities, which

will be adequate to achieve GPCB norms. The ETP is designed with

capacity of 25 KLD of effluent which will also hydraulically

adequate.

After confirming stipulated norms entire quantity of treated

effluent will be sent to CETP operated by M/s. EICL for further

treatment and final disposal into deep sea.

Cleaner production technologies will also be adopted to reduce the

quantity of fresh water requirement and industrial wastewater

generation.

The mitigation measures for minimizing the impacts on water

environment in general includes following:

• Minimization of water use

• Segregation and collection philosophy for effluent to

minimize waste generation and facilitate treatment as well

as recycle.

• Treatment philosophy to achieve mandated standards.

• Reuse/recycle and disposal



Some of the measures, which are to be implemented, include:

• Use of high-pressure hoses for cleaning the floor to reduce

the amount of wastewater generated.

• Reducing the actual process water consumption by way of

improvement in operation of processing units.

• Ensuring proper operation and maintenance schedule for the

ETP.

• Reuse ejector water from vacuum ejectors.

5.5.4 Hazardous/Solid Waste Management

Hazardous/Solid Waste management includes following:

• Measures to minimize waste generation.

• Operation of waste handling, treatment and disposal

facilities.

The Waste Management plan includes:

• Waste Inventory

• Classification of waste

• Packaging, Storing and Transporting Wastes to Disposal site

• Data Management and Reporting

• Personnel Training

• Waste Minimization

The unit has also proposed adequate hazardous waste management

system. The ETP sludge will be sent to TSDF site approved by

GPCB/MoEF. Whereas, discarded bags/liners/drums/barrels will be

decontaminated and reused within the plant premises or sold to

authorized end users and spent/waste oil will be reused as

lubricant/sold to MoEF approved recyclers. The unit has also

provided isolated area for the storage of hazardous waste having

impervious floor, leachate collection system and roof cover. The unit

will also maintain the records for the hazardous waste storage and

disposal. Entire quantity of hazardous waste will be handled as per

Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Tran boundary)

Rules’2008.



5.5.5 Noise Control Technique

The main sources of noise within the plant are: boiler,

manufacturing activities, transferring pumps and material

handling systems. Additional noise will be generated due to

installation of new machineries and equipments however, these

impacts will be very minor and temporary in nature. The impact

on the environment during the operational phase will be long term

but, of insignificant quantity.

To minimize the noise pollution, the unit proposes the following

noise control measures:

• Noise suppression measures such as enclosures, buffers

and/or protective measures should be provided wherever

noise level is more than 90 dB (A).

• Employees should be provided with ear protection measures

like earplugs or earmuffs. Earplug should be provided to all

workers where exposure is 85 dB(A) or more.

• The transportation contractor shall be informed to avoid

unnecessary speeding of the vehicles inside the premises.

• Extensive oiling, lubrication and preventive maintenance will

be carried out for the machineries and equipments to reduce

noise generation.

• The selection of any new plant equipment will be made with

specification of low noise levels.

• Areas with high noise levels will be identified and segregated

where possible and will include prominently displayed

caution boards.

• The green belt area will be developed within plant premises

and around the periphery to prevent the noise pollution in

surrounding area.

Monitoring of noise levels is essential to assess the efficacy of

maintenance schedules undertaken to reduce noise levels and



noise protection measures. A good quality digital sound pressure

level meter is essential for this purpose.

5.5.6 Green Belt Development

Tree plantation is one of the effective remedial measures to

control the air pollution and noise pollution. It also causes

aesthetics improvement of the area as well as sustains and

supports the biosphere.

Plantation around the pollution sources will control the air

pollution by filtering the air particulate and interacting with

gaseous pollutant before it reaches the ground.

Each plant shows different air pollution tolerance level depending

upon number of factors. In green belt area about 1000 trees per

acre of land as prescribed by Gujarat Pollution Control Board shall

be planted. The selection of tree species suitable for plantation at

the industry shall be governed by following factors,

• The trees should be tolerant to air pollutants present in the

area

• The trees should be able to grow and thrive on soil of the

area, be evergreen, inhabitant and having minimum of leaf

fall.

• The trees should be tall in peripheral curtain plantation and

with large and spreading canopy in primary and secondary

attenuation zone

• It is also recommended to plant few trees, which are

sensitive to air pollution as air pollution indicator.

The unit proposes to develop the green belt on 2,400 sqm area

about 33 % of total plot area.

5.6 RESOURCE CONSERVATION / WASTE MINIMIZATION

The units shall also implement the concept of waste minimization

circle including recovery and use of by-products. Good Housekeeping

or proper housekeeping practice makes the system easier and less

costly. Some of these are as follows:



• Solid wastes e.g. powders, spills, etc. in process, and

packaging are to be separately collected and disposed off

instead of allowing these to effluent streams. This will

reduce load and increase the efficiency of treatment system.

• Liquid wastes from various sections should be collected and

treat with effluents.

• Rain water harvesting system shall be adopted to reduce the

fresh water requirement.

• Cleaner production technology shall be adopted for the

resource conservation and pollution control.

5.7 HEALTH & SAFETY

M/s. Paragon Organics will follow occupational health program right

from the start of production. Health hazards associated with

occupation are called occupational hazards. The following check-ups

shall be carried out regularly to avoid occupational hazards:

• Pre-employment medical check-up at the time of

employment.

• Provision of periodic medical check up for all the employees

• To provide necessary first aid facilities, the first aid training

shall also be given to the employees.

• Monitoring of occupational hazards like noise, ventilation,

chemical exposure shall be carried out at frequent intervals.

• The unit will appoint the medical officer for the regular

medical examination and treatment of the employee.

• Our unit is an active member of Industries Association,

where the state of art facilities for training for Occupational

risk and safety are provided to the members of the unit. It

has also provided health care centre with required

infrastructures.

The following precautions shall be taken to avoid foreseeable accident

like spillage, fire and explosion hazards and to minimize the effect of



any such accident and to combat the emergency at site level in case

of emergency.

• Various emergency spots in plant area will be identified and

kept in sharp and alert watch.

• Use of protective equipments will be regularly checked and

will be kept easily accessible and easily workable during

emergency.

• Safety installations like available quantity of running water

will be regularly watched.

• Fire bucket and hose reels will be provided to withstand the

fire or explosion conditions.

• Various types of fire extinguishers such as (Foam type,

water type, CO2 type) will provide inside the factory

premises.

• Every pressure vessel will be provided with minimum one or

more pressure relief devices. The design of the valve is

made in such a way that the breakage of any part will not

obstruct force discharge of the liquid under pressure.

Moreover, relief valves are tested and a periodic schedule

for their testing shall be maintained. The defective valves

will be removed if found unsafe for the operation.

5.7.1 Possibility of occupational health hazard & its control

An occupational hazard is a thing or situation with the potential to

harm a worker. Occupational hazards can be divided into two

categories: safety hazards that cause accidents that physically

injure workers, and health hazards which result in the

development of disease. Hazards can be rated according to the

severity of the harm they cause - a significant hazard being one

with the potential to cause a critical injury or death.

In case of M/s. Paragon Organics, different types of solvents will

be used which can enter in the human body by the way of

inhalation of vapour or spray and skin absorption, these are the



commonest method of entry. Skin absorption usually arises from

direct contact of the liquid solvent with the hands and arms of

workers who are cleaning objects manually or handling objects

recently dipped in or coated with solvents.

5.7.2 Preventive Measures

The methods of protecting the work force from exposure to toxic

agents in the workplace apply to the use of solvents:—

• Segregation of processes using solvents;

• Enclosures or special ventilator control of processes;

• Good general ventilation — particularly important if the

solvent is used in a confined space;

• Personal protection — Protective clothing should be worn,

including gloves, where there is a possibility of absorption

through the skin. Suitable respiratory protection is

necessary like Panorama gas mask with cartridge suitable

for the chemicals we will be handling, Breathing Air

Apparatus and Air hood with instrument air connection.

• Gas detector with emergency alarm systems in confined

area.

• Emergency preparedness plan.

5.8 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMME

Some of the philosophies underlining the occupational health

programme are discussed below.

M/s. Paragon Organics will employ well qualified and experienced

safety Manager and make arrangement for part time doctor for

regular checking of health of the employees. Also, plans to become

member of any local hospital for emergency need. Annual health

check for employees will be carried out and record will be

maintained. Regular training to plant personnel in safety fire fighting

and first aid will be provided.



Unit will maintain a healthy work environment. This will be

accomplished through the identification, evaluation and control of

workplace environmental factors which may cause sickness, impaired

health or significant discomfort and inefficiency among workers.

Environmental factors such as noise, physical hazards toxicity/

chemical hazard and ergonomic hazards will be monitored on a

periodic basis to assist in maintaining a healthy work environment.

Workers exposed to noise and toxic materials will be evaluated

against applicable recognised exposure levels in the Factories Act.

Hearing protection aid will be provided to workers who work in the

high noise areas, during construction of the proposed facilities and

also to those who will continue through the life of the facility.

5.8.1 Hazard Communication and Chemical Safety

The information on the hazards of the materials to be used will be

provided to the workers for the proposed project of M/s. Paragon

Organics. A hazardous chemical directory is being developed to

maintain information on the hazards associated with each chemical

used. Copies of Material Safety Data Sheets for all hazardous

materials at the proposed facility will be kept at the unit and will be

available for employee review. Specific programs and procedures for

the control of health hazards associated with potentially harmful

materials such as Acids, Alkali and volatile chemicals etc. will follow

the guiding principles established for Occupational Health. The

hazard communication program will serve as the basis for selection

of personal protective equipment such as gloves, goggles, face

shields, etc. A selected group of employees at the proposed facility

will receive first aid training to provide an immediate response and

medical care for injuries.



5.9 POST-PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

The post – project environmental monitoring suggested herewith

should be as per the following guideline. The highlights of the

integrated environmental monitoring plan are:

• The stack monitoring facilities like ladder, platform and port

– hole of all the stacks maintained in good condition.

• Regular monitoring of all gaseous emissions from stacks /

vents and all fugitive emissions in the process areas.

• The performance of air pollution control equipment

evaluated based on these monitoring results.

• Water consumption in the complex recorded daily.

• Analysis of untreated and treated effluent, before discharge

into the final disposal pipeline carried out regularly.

• Performance of effluent treatment plant units evaluated

based on these analysis results.

• As far as possible, noise curbed at its source, with the help

of acoustic hood and other such noise reducing equipments.

• Regular noise level monitoring to be carried out.

• Green belt properly maintained and new plantation

programmes undertaken frequently.

• Continued environmental awareness programmes carried

out within the employees and also in the surrounding

villages.

• Rain water harvesting ponds will be developed within the

industrial premises and encouraged in the surrounding

villages too. All possible back–up and support provided to

them.

Ambient Air Quality monitoring

Schemes for monitoring ambient air quality stack emissions and

fugitive emissions are proposed. The ambient air quality

monitoring systems are recommended for monitoring the ground

level concentrations and fugitive emissions around the plant. M/s.



Paragon Organics should install three monitoring stations around

its battery limit (at 1200 as per guideline) for monitoring SPM, SO2

and NOX. The combined data will provide overall characteristic and

emission from the industry. For this, the following equipment is

recommended to be procured or can higher the services from

Environmental consultant by the project proponent for

implementing the above mentioned monitoring schemes:

Respirable dust sampler

Blower -1.0-1.5 m3/min capacity with adapter for uniform suction

through filter and a properly calibrated manometer assembly for

the determination of flow rate through filter paper.

Rota meter- For gaseous sampling, calibrated Rota meter (0-5

LPM) for maintaining flow rate should be provided

Main housing-The main housing should be rectangular with a

stand of about 1.25 m height.

Besides this, stack emissions monitoring as per GPCB guidelines

shall be carried out.

Noise Environment

Monitoring of noise levels is essential to assess the efficacy of

maintenance schedules undertaken to reduce noise levels and

noise protection measures. A good quality digital sound pressure

level meter is essential for this purpose.

Water Environment

Wastewater should be analyzed at the ETP discharge regularly.



Table – 5.1:- Design features for minimization of fugitive emissions

Sr

No Equipment Design Features

Control Efficiency

%

Seal less design 100 1 Pumps

Dual Mechanical Seal 100

2 Valves Seal less Design 100

3 Compressor Dual Mechanical Seal 100

4 Connectors Weld together 100

5 Pressure Relief

Devices Rupture Disc 100

6 Sampling

Connection Closed loop sampling 100

Table – 5.2:- Environment Monitoring

Nature of Analysis Frequency of Analysis

Number of Sample

Stack Monitoring of each stack (Flue gas & Process stack)

Monthly At all stack

Work Place monitoring

including Hydrocarbon

Monthly 3 Locations

Ambient Air Quality

Monitoring

Monthly for 24 hours or as per the

statutory conditions

3 Location

Industrial Effluent for applicable parameters as per the Consents Conditions

Ones in a Month One Sample



Figure – 5.1: EHS Management

Technical Director

Partner

Environment Management

Cell

Officer -

Environment/Safety

ETP Operator

SAN Envirotech Pvt. Ltd, Ahmedabad


Chapter - 6 QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT

6.1 INTRODUCTION

M/s. Paragon Organics has been one of the bulk drugs manufacturing

unit since 2004 located at plot no. 582, ECP road, Village: Luna,

Taluka: Padra, Dist.: Vadodara. Now, the unit proposes to enhance

its production capacity with introduction of some new bulk drugs.

The risk assessment studies have been conducted for identification of

hazards, to calculate damage distances and to spell out risk

mitigation measures.

6.1.1 Scope of Study

The scope of work is to carry out risk analysis for the proposed

project of the production facility covering all the hazardous chemicals

to be handled and stored at the plant.

6.1.2 Study Objective

The objective of the risk analysis includes the following:

• Identification of hazards

• Selection of credible scenarios

• Consequences Analysis of selected accidents scenarios

• Risk Mitigation Measures

6.1.3 The Study Approach

The risk assessment study broadly comprises the following steps:

• System Description

• Identification of Hazards

• Selection of Credible Accident Scenarios

• Consequence Analysis

• Risk Mitigation Measures



6.1.4 System Description

This step comprises the compilation of the location, design and

operational information needed for the risk analysis.

6.1.5 Identification of Hazards

Hazards associated with the plant are identified and summary of

relevant accident cases are reviewed.

6.1.6 Selection of Accident Scenarios

The release sources and potential accidents scenarios in the plant are

listed. For each selected release source several scenarios are

developed depending upon the failure mode causing loss of

containment.

6.1.7 Effects & Consequence Estimation

Effects & consequence estimation are done to determine the potential

for damage or injury from the selected scenarios. The incident

outcomes are analyzed using release rate, dispersion, combustion,

and heat radiation and explosion models from fires.

6.1.8 Risk Reduction Measures

Based on hazard identification and consequence analysis, risk

reduction measures are suggested to reduce risk and enhance safety

at the plant.

6.2 HAZARDOUS IDENTIFICATION

Hazard is defined as those chemical or physical conditions that have

the potential for causing damage to people, property or the

environment. This chapter describes hazards associated with the

plant due to handling and storage of hazardous chemicals. Maximum

credible accidents scenarios involved in release of hazardous

materials are selected and vulnerable zones are computed.

Hazard identification is the first step in the risk analysis and entails

the process of collecting information on the types and quantities of



hazardous substances stored and handled, the location of storage

tanks & other facilities, potential hazards associated with the spillage

and release of hazardous chemicals.

The assessment of vulnerable zones resulting from an accidental

release of hazardous substance into the environment is one of the

key elements of risk analysis. Quantification of the effects of such

releases requires, data of the chemicals stored or handled in the

area, quantities stored, operating parameters, quantity that would be

released in case of an accident, meteorological conditions and

physical attributes of the area.

The starting point of risk analysis study is the identification of

hazards and selection of scenarios that are then addressed for further

consequence analysis.

The proposed plant will be engaged in handling and storage of

various flammable and toxic hazardous materials. Important

characteristic of these hazardous materials are described in details.

6.2.1 Hazardous Substances to be handled at Paragon Organics

M/s. Paragon Organics will be engaged in handling and storage of

various flammable and toxic hazardous materials. Important

characteristic of these hazardous materials are described in details.

6.2.2 Hydrochloric Acid (26 – 28 %)

Hydrochloric acid is of slightly yellow Colour with a pungent, irritating

odor and identified as a corrosive hazard of Class 8. When spilled on

the ground, it evaporates and some toxic vapor may be formed but

acid vapor cloud will be vary small and of no consequence is

anticipated.

6.2.3 Toluene

Toluene is a clear and colourless liquid with a sweet, pungent,

benzene-like odour. It is chemically stable and will not polymerize.

However, it is reactive with strong oxidizing agents, concentrated

H2SO4 and HNO3, N2O4, AgClO4, BrF3, HF6, halogens and molten



Sulphur. On combustion, it releases carbon monoxide, nitrogen

oxides, smoke and part of oxidized hydrocarbon fragments.

It is sensitive to static discharge and will accumulate a static charge

on agitation or while decanting but it is not sensitive to mechanical

impacts.

Physical and chemical properties of Toluene are as given below:

Odour Threshold range 0.2 – 37 ppm

Vapour Pressure 22 mmHg / 7.1kPa (20oC)

Vapour Density 3.1 (air = 1)

Boiling Point 110.6oC

Freezing Point -95oC

Specific Gravity 0.868

Water Solubility 0.6 gm/l (200C)

Flash Point 4.4oC - 6oC

Auto ignition Temperature 4800C – 550oC

Flammable Limits 1.2 % - 7.1%

Toluene should be stores and handled in a cool dry environment,

away from sources of ignition, heat and oxidizing agents and

adequate ventilation should be provided. Toluene accumulates a

static charge during transfer from one container to another. When

transferring the quantity over 5 litres, prior grounding should be

done to containers to prevent static discharge. Cutting, drilling,

welding or grinding should be avoided on or near toluene containers.

Foam, dry chemical, water fog should be used as fire fighting media.

Water spray can be used only to cool the containers. Water jet

should not be used for extinguishing as toluene floats on water and

will not cool below flash point.

6.2.4 Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)

Sodium hydroxide is white flaked and odourless. It is identified as a

corrosive hazard of ‘Class 8’. On spillage on the ground, it



evaporates and some toxic vapour may be formed but this alkali

vapour cloud is generally vary small and of no consequence.

It is harmful if swallowed or inhaled and causes burns to any area of

contact. It is not considered to be fire hazard. Do not handle without

PPEs. Use safety goggles, Gumboots, PVC hand gloves and rubber

apron if required.

Main Physical properties are as follows:

Molecular formula NaOH

Appearance Clear Soapy Liquid or white

flakes

Odour Odourless

Boiling point 1480C

Vapour pressure at 400C 3.6 mm Hg

Bulk density 1.5 g/ml

pH Highly alkaline

Specific gravity 2.12

6.2.5 Acetone

Acetone is a colorless liquid having fruity odour and pungent in

taste. It is identified as a hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant),

of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation, slightly

hazardous in case of skin contact (permeator). The substance is

toxic to central nervous system (CNS), it may be toxic to kidneys,

reproductive system, liver & skin. Repeated or prolonged exposure

to the substance can produce target organs damage. Do not handle

without PPEs. Use safety goggles, Lab coat, Vapour respirator, be

sure to use approved gloves.


Molecular formula C3H6O

Appearance Clear Liquid

Odour Fruity

Boiling point 56.20C



Vapour pressure at 200C 24 kPa

Vapour density 2 (Air=1)

pH Not applicable


Odour Threshold limit 62 ppm

6.2.6 Chloroform

Chloroform is a clear colorless liquid having pleasant, sweetish odour

with burning, sweet taste. It is identified as a hazardous in case of

skin contact (irritant), of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion, of

inhalation, slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (permeator).

The substance is a toxic in nature. Do not ingest, do not breathe

gas/fumes/vapour/spray. Wear suitable protective clothing. In case

of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment. If

ingested, seek medical advice immediately and show the container

or the label. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Keep away from

Incompatibility such as metals & Alkalis. Do not handle without PPEs.

Use safety goggles, Lab coat, Vapour respirator.


Molecular formula CHCl3

Appearance Clear Liquid

Odour Pleasant, Sweetish

Boiling point 61.00C

Vapour pressure at 200C 21.1 kPa

Vapour density 4.36 (Air=1)


Odour Threshold limit 85 ppm

6.2.7 Xylene

Xylene is a colorless liquid with aromatic hydrocarbon odour. It is

identified as a harmful by inhalation and in contact with skin. Vapour

may cause drowsiness and dizziness. Slightly irritating to respiratory



system. Irritating to skin. Moderately irritating to eyes, may cause

lung damage if swallowed. Possibility of organ or organ system

damage from prolonged exposure. Highly flammable in use, may

form flammable/explosive vapour-air mixture. Electrostatic charges

may generated during pumping,. Electrostatic discharge may cause

fire. It is a toxic to aquatic organism. Do not handle without PPEs.

Use safety goggles, Lab coat and Vapour respirator.


Molecular formula C6H4(CH3)2

Appearance Colorless liquid

Odour Aromatic hydrocarbon

Boiling point 135-1550C

Vapour pressure at 200C 0.8-1.2 kPa (4.5kPa@500C)

Vapour density 3.7 (Air=1)


Flash Point 21-27 0C

Explosive Limits (In Air) 1-7.1 %

6.3 QUANTITIES OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

Many chemicals will be stored at the plant in small to large

quantities as per requirement. Majority of chemicals are stored in

small quantities. As per Manufacture, storage and Import of

Hazardous Chemicals rules 1989 and amendment subsequently,

there will be only few hazardous chemicals, which have potential for

creating risk to life and property in an unlikely event of leakage or

spillage followed by fire.

The bulk quantities of hazardous chemicals are stored at the plant in

tank farm area with adequate dyke. Other chemicals will be stored in

cylindrical tanks, barrels and carboys. Details of storage of

hazardous materials are given in Table 6.1.



Table 6.1: Facilities for Storage of Chemicals

Sr. No.

Name of Chemicals Storage Capacity, MT

MOC

1 NaOH 15.0 MSRL

2 Methanol 5.0 MS Drum

3 Acetone 2.0 MS Drum

4 Toluene 2.5 MS Drum

5 HCl 1.0 Carboys

6.4 HAZARDS DUE TO LEAKAGE OR CONTAINMENT

Hazardous chemicals to be handled and stored at the plant are in

mostly liquids form. In the event of leakage or accidental release of

these chemicals, it will create only localized effects within the short

distances from fixed or spread pool in case of fire. There is

possibility that release of some hazardous chemicals may form

vapour cloud which can move towards wind direction and may

explode in the event of fire if mass and concentration of air and

vapour mixture is within the LEL and UEL limits. However, mass of

vapour and air mixture may not be adequate to generate explosive

mass.

Storage and handling of hazardous chemicals will not pose any

hazardous situation if these are handled or stored correctly with

adequate safety provisions and fire fighting facilities. Therefore,

suitable safety measures including fire fighting facilities will be

provided at the plant to attend any emergency due to accidental

release of these hazardous chemicals.

Among the hazardous inventories, there are few potential toxic

materials that can form toxic vapour cloud in unlikely event of

release.

6.5 MAXIMUM CREDIBLE ACCIDENT SCENARIOS

The plant will be dealing with many hazardous substances described

in details. Most of hazardous chemicals are in the form of liquid and



considered as flammable and provided with dyke for loss of

containment. Subsequently, their consequence due to thermal

radiation will be confined within short distances. If released

quantities are not ignited, therefore, vapour formation can result in

vapour and air mixture and may generate explosive mass which can

explode if it gets the source of ignition. Toxic cloud of hazardous

chemicals may also be formed and moved towards wind direction.

6.5.1 Methodology for Selection of Accident Scenarios

In this study, following steps are followed for scenario selection for

risk analysis study:

• The hazardous materials to be handled at the plant and the

associated hazards have been identified and assessed.

• Operating and storage conditions of handling and storage of

hazardous materials are studied.

• An assessment is made of what inventories can get released

accidentally.

• Release rates are calculated considering deferent cases. For

further analysis of selected release sources, representative

failure modes and failure sizes are identified.

6.5.2 Maximum Credible Accident Scenarios

Following maximum credible scenarios have been selected for

consequence analysis as a result of accidental releases:

Table No. 6.2- Maximum Credible Accident Scenarios

Sr. No.

Type of Release Outcome Cases Considered

Formation of pool and thermal radiation due to fire Vapour cloud explosion 1.

Release of Toluene from Drums

Dispersion of toxic cloud of vapours Formation of pool and thermal radiation due to fire Vapour cloud explosion 2. Release of Chloroform Dispersion of toxic cloud of vapours



Sr. No.

Type of Release Outcome Cases Considered

Formation of pool and thermal radiation due to fire Vapour cloud explosion 3. Release of Acetone Dispersion of toxic cloud of vapours

6.5.3 CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS

Consequence analysis for the selected accident scenarios has been

carried to estimate the vulnerable zones. Thermal radiation

distances have been computed based on various heat flux values

vulnerable to men and materials at the plant, while modelling of

dispersion cloud is based on IDLH (Immediately Dangerous for Life

and Health) values. On identification of vulnerable zones for failure

cases, measures can be taken for risk mitigation and to eliminate or

minimize damage to the plant and injury to personal.

6.6 Probable Hazards & Risk

From the preliminary risk assessment study carried out for Paragon

Organics, some of the possible hazards have been identified. The

likely accident scenarios considered are given below:

Table No. 6.3 Probable Hazards & Risk

Sr. No.

Scenario Vulnerability Zone

Remarks

1. Spill of Solvent /Acids/Alkali

Area close to spill area

Isolate the area immediately and ensure no ignition source comes near by. Reclaim the material if possible or cover the spill with sand/mud /foam (to be safely disposed off later)

2. Flammable liquid tank in tank farm on fire

Area adjoining to tank periphery/ other tanks in tank farm

Deluge all adjoining tanks till fire stops and heat is dissipated. Transfer/neutralize the spillage (if any).



The above-mentioned hazards scenarios can further aggravate into

much more serious incidents if not intercepted in time. The fire in

one tank of tank farm can spread to adjoining tanks and may result

in explosions. The vulnerability zone will be considerably enlarged.

The vapors of toxic fluids/dust if carried away by wind above TLV

concentrations may further enlarge the vulnerability zone. Similarly,

toxic fluid spillage and all wastes leaving the live processing zone if

not decontaminated properly can cause serious health hazard to

plant personnel and persons in nearby area.

6.7 METHODOLOGY, APPROACH AND DAMAGE CRITERIA FOR RISK

ASSESSMENT

Consequence analysis is that part of risk analysis, which considers

individual failure cases and the damage, caused by each failure case.

It is done to predict the outcome of potentially serious hazardous

accidents to man and material in and around the plant boundary

limits. The advantages of carrying out consequence analysis are

given below:

• To improve plant layout (for new projects and for expansion of

existing one)

• To meet statutory requirements

• Protection of public in the nearby areas (no residential/

inhabited near by)

• Disaster management planning

• Training tool

The findings of a consequence analysis provide information about

hazardous effects resulting from an accident scenario. In addition,

Methods for dealing with possible catastrophic events are also

provided.

6.7.1 Hazards Evaluation: Exposure to Toxic Dusts / Vapors

Leakage in process plant from failure of nozzles, joints (flange joint),

welding failures or dripping from non-holding valves/glands or dusts

generation during charging of solids at times goes unnoticed. If the



leaky dust or fluids being toxic and odorless it is a potential source

of risk, which may cause fatal/serious hazards.

Liquids with high saturation vapor pressures evaporate faster

because the evaporation rate (mass/time) is essentially proportional

to the saturation vapor pressure. In the case of vaporization into

stagnant air, the vaporization rate is proportional to the difference

between the saturation vapor pressure and the partial pressure in

the stagnant air.

6.7.2 Liquid Pool Evaporation or Boiling

The pool boiling cases may be encountered during heavy leakage in

enclosed area (dyke wall of tanks) and with heat source nearby

(ambient or fire) the vapor can explode or catch fire (in case the

material is flammable and sparks/flame contact is made).

6.7.3 Plant Leakage in Confined Space

A chemical fluid spill is a common type of process incident and can

lead to potentially serious accident. If the spilled material gives rise

to hazardous vapor or aerosol these may interact with plant

environment resulting in explosion or harm to plant’s personnel/

damage to plant equipment/machinery (if vapors are toxic/

corrosive/inflammable). Most chemical spills do not have such

dramatic sequences but they must all be handled carefully and

correctly. Plant of Paragon Organics will open with natural

ventilation.

6.7.4 Damage Criteria

In order to appreciate the extent of damage produced by various

accident scenarios, it is appropriate to discuss the physiological/

physical effects of toxic fluid exposure/thermal radiation intensities

due to spillage causing subsequent fire. The thermal radiation

usually results in burn on the human body and damage to

plantation. Furthermore, inanimate objects like equipment, piping,



cables, etc. may be affected and may aggravate the situation

further.

Consequence analysis has been carried out for selected failure cases.

Consequence analysis quantifies vulnerable zones for a likely

incident and once the vulnerable zone is identified for an incident,

measures are proposed to eliminate damage to plant and potential

injury to personnel.

6.8 RISK MITIGATION MEASURES

For risk mitigation / reduction, attempts should be made either to

reduce inventories that could get released in the event of loss of

containment or failure likelihoods or both as feasible. Risk analysis

identifies the major risk contributors, which enables prioritization of

the plant that deserve special attention in terms of inspection and

maintenance in particular and over all safety management as a

whole.

For the risk reduction at the plant, the following salient suggestions

and recommendations are made:

• On site and off site emergency response plan should be

prepared and circulated to concern persons.

• Personnel at the proposed plant and public in surrounding

area should be made aware about the hazardous substance

stored at the plant and risk associated with them.

• A written process safety information document should be

compiled for general use.

• The document compilation should include an assessment of

the hazards presented including (i) toxicity information (ii)

permissible exposure limits. (iii) Physical data (iv) thermal

and chemical stability data (v) reactivity data (vi)

corrosivity data (vii) information on process and mechanical

design.



• The process design information in the process safety

information compilation must include P & IDs/PFDs; process

chemistry; maximum intended inventory; acceptable upper

and lower limits, pressures, flows and compositions and

process design and energy balances.

• The adequate numbers of heat and smoke detectors should

be provided at strategic locations in the plant and indication

of detectors/sensors should be provided in main control

room.

• Predictive and preventive maintenance schedule should be

prepared for equipment, piping, etc. and thickness survey

should be done periodically as per standard practices.

• A written procedure (Management of Change) must be

developed to manage changes to process chemicals,

technology, equipment and procedures that affect a

covered process.

• Safe work practices should be developed to provide for the

control of hazards during operation and maintenance such

as: (i) lockout/tag out (ii) Confined space entry (iii)

Opening process equipment or piping (iv) Control over

entrance into a facility by maintenance, contractor,

laboratory, or other support personnel.

• Personnel engaged in handling of hazardous chemicals

should be trained to respond in an unlikely event of

emergencies.

• The plant should check and ensure that all instruments

provided in the plant are in good condition and

documented.

• Safety measures in the form of “DO” and “Don’t do” should

be displayed at strategic locations especially in local

language and English.



• Regular mock drills should be carried out once in every 3

months and shortcomings should be recorded and rectified.

Records should be maintained for the response of Mock

Drills and corrective actions should listed and taken

accordingly.

6.8.1 Personal Protective Equipment

Personal protective equipments are devices that are fitted and issued

to each worker personally for his or her exclusive use. They are

intended for temporary use and emergency response action only. If

a worker has to enter in a contaminated area, he must wear

adequate protective equipment. Employees should be taught when

and how to use respiratory apparatus provided, and how to

recognize defects in the equipment. Full dress escape drills should be

conducted at least once a year. If such safety equipment is not

available, entry into the contaminated area should not be attempted.

• Personal protective equipment should be easily accessible

outside the hazardous material storage area and away from

areas of likely contamination.

• Employees who work near RM storage Tank must be issued

a properly fitting cartridge type or canister type escape

respirator.

• Facial hair should not be permitted for those who are issued

escape-type or self-contained respirators because it

prevents a proper seal.

• Each employee should maintain his/her personal protective

equipment clean and in working condition at all times.

• All equipments should be used and maintained in accordance

with the manufacturer’s instructions.

6.8.2 Handling of Hazards



• Personal protective equipment used by the person during

handling of hazardous chemicals, should be replaced after

certain time.

• Any spillage of hazardous chemicals should be cleaned and

disposed off as per standard practice.

• Empty drums of hazardous chemicals should be neutralized

immediately.

• Personnel engaged in handling of hazardous chemicals

should be made aware of properties of hazardous chemicals.

6.8.3 General Working Conditions

(a) House Keeping

• All the passages, floors and stairways should be maintained

in good condition. The system should be available to deal

with any spillage of dry or liquid chemical at the plant.

• Sufficient disposable bins should be clearly marked and

these should be suitably located in the plant.

• Walkways should be clearly marked and free from

obstructions.

• In the plant, precaution and instructions should be displayed

at strategic locations.

• All pits, sumps should be properly covered or securely

fenced.

• Roads/walkway within the plant should be maintained neat

and clean.

(b) Ventilation

• Adequate ventilation should be provided in the work floor

environment.

• The work environment should be assessed and monitored

regularly.

• Local ventilation is most effective method for controlling

dust and gaseous emissions at work floor.



6.8.4 Safe Operating Procedures

• Safe operating procedures should be available for almost all

operations and equipments.

• Workers should be informed of the consequences of failure

to observe the safe operating procedures.

6.8.5 Work Permit System

Work permit system should be followed at the plant. Hazardous work

permit should be used for hot work, electrical works, etc.

6.8.6 Fire Protection

• Adequate fire fighting facilities should be available at the

plant, including, dry chemical powder type, water CO2 type,

mechanical foam type, CO2 type and sand buckets.

• The fire fighting system and equipment should be tested and

maintained as per relevant standards.

• The fire drills should be conducted once in six months.

6.8.7 Emergency Preparedness

• On-site emergency plan should be prepared and readily

available for an unlikely event of emergency.

• Emergency telephone numbers should be available and

displayed properly at strategic locations.

6.8.8 Static Electricity

• All equipments and storage tanks/containers of flammable

chemicals should be bounded and earthed.

• Electrical resistance for earthing circuits should be

maintained. Periodic inspections should be done for earth pit

and record should be maintained.

6.8.9 Material Handling

• Material handling areas should be clearly defined.



• The workers should be made aware about the hazards

associated with manual material handling.

6.8.10 Communication System

• Adequate communication facilities should be available at the

plant and supported with uninterrupted power supply.

• Communication facilities should be checked periodically for

its proper functioning.

6.8.11 Accident Reporting, Investigation And Analysis

A system should be initiated for accident reporting, investigation and

analysis. To motivate and to increase awareness among the

personnel at the plant about safety, total accident (lost time injury)

free days can be displayed on the board prominently at strategic

location.

6.8.12 Safety Inspections

The system should be initiated for checklist based routine safety

inspection and internal audit of the plant periodically. Safety

inspection team should be formed from various disciplines and

departments.

6.8.13 Safe Operating Procedures

Safe operating procedures should be formulated and updated,

specific to process & equipment and distributed to concerned plant

personnel.



Chapter 7 ONSITE DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

7.1 INTRODUCTION

An emergency is said to have arisen when operators in the plant are not

able to cope with a potential hazardous situation i.e. loss of control of

an incident, causes the plant to go beyond its normal operating

conditions, thus creating danger. When such an emergency evolves,

chain of events which affect the normal working within the factory area

and/or which, may cause injuries, loss of life, substantial damage to

property and environment both inside and around the factory take

place, then the DISASTER is said to have occurred.

M/s. Paragon Organics is the existing unit located at plot no. 582, ECP

road, Village: Luna, Ta. Padra, Dist.: Vadodara. At present the unit is

involved in production of only one product and now, proposed to

expand its production capacity with introduction of some new products.

As described in chapter-6, the risk assessment studies have been

conducted for identification of hazards, to calculate damage distances

and to spell out risk mitigation measures.

Despite of our best efforts to manage an emergency situation in the

prevention of any risk hazards from the manufacturing process or

material handling, things can go wrong. Therefore, it is essential to plan

and develop the support system, which will be required in case an

emergency arises.

7.2 PROBABLE HAZARDS AND RISK

From the preliminary risk assessment study presented in Chapter 6 of

this report, some of the possible hazards have been identified.



7.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE PLAN

Following are the Objectives of the disaster management plan:

• To define and assess emergencies, including risk and

environment impact assessment.

• To reduce possibilities of an accident

• To safeguard employees, visitors and other people in the

vicinity.

• To minimize damage to property and/or the environment.

• To inform employees, general public and the authorities on the

hazards/risk assessed, safeguards provided, residual risks, if

any, and the role to be played by them in the event of an

emergency.

• To be ready for the mutual aid if need rises to help the

neighbouring unit. Normal jurisdiction of an On-site Emergency

Plan is the own premises only, but looking to the time factor in

the arriving the external help of off-site plan agency, the

jurisdiction must be extended outside to the extent possible in

case of an emergency occurring outside.

• To inform authorities and mutual aid centres to come for help.

• To affect rescue and treatment of casualties to count injured.

• To identify and list any dead.

• To inform and help relatives.

• To secure the safe rehabilitation of affected area and to restore

normality.

• To provide authoritative information to the news media.

• To preserve records, equipment, etc., and to organize

investigation into the cause of the emergency and preventive

measures to stop its reoccurrence.



• To ensure safety of the work force before they re-enter and

resume work.

• To work out a plan with all provisions to handle emergencies

and to provide for emergency preparedness and the periodical

rehearsal of the plan.

The structure of the plan may vary depending on number of employees,

materials and processes, availability of resources, location of site, size

and complexity of work.

The plan should not be complicated. Instructions should not overlap or

create any confusion. Responsibilities should be clearly assigned and

should be workable smoothly. For clear understanding and quick action,

the action (role) by each individual (his emergency duty) should be

prepared in a booklet or card size and given to him.

7.4 IDENTIFICATION OF MAJOR HAZARDS

The major hazardous field where disaster management plan is required

are as under:

• Bursting of high-pressure steam pipe, vessels, etc. due to

abnormal pressure rise

• Fire hazard due to ignition of fuel

• Inhalation of any hazardous chemical

7.5 SCOPE OF THE PLAN

• The plan will set into action immediately after a fire or other

hazard occurs in and/or around the plant

• Fuel storage facility will be situated away from the manufacturing

plant and will follow all rules and regulation

• All the electrical fittings will be of explosion proof fitting

• All necessary fire-fighting arrangements will be provided near the

storage area



7.6 THE UTILITY, ORGANIZATION AND UTILIZATION OF RESOURCES

AND FACILITIES FOR EMERGENCIES

In order to maintain an emergency response capability, certain facilities

must be kept in a state of readiness and sufficient supplies and

equipment must be available. In some cases, it may be impossible to

maintain all of the equipment necessary for all possible emergencies. In

these cases, agreements have to be made with neighbouring facilities to

provide additional support as and when necessary.

Where the local police or private agencies may be called upon, such as

volunteer fire companies and ambulance associations, agreements have

to be developed ahead of time. Emergency hardware can be classified

according to its use during the response operations. Typical examples

are:

• Emergency operation centres

• Communication equipment

• Alarm system

• Personal protection equipment

• Fire fighting facilities, equipment and supplies

• Spill and vapour release control equipment and supplies

• Medical facilities, equipment and supplies

• Monitoring systems

• A media Centre

• Transportation system

• Security and access control equipment

Some of these resources will also be available in the local

municipalities. It is the responsibility of the plant management to

ensure that the appropriate equipments and materials are available to

respond to their very hazard-specific emergencies at the facilities,

independently from external resources. These resources can be



extremely valuable, but should be used mainly in support of the main

response actions that the facility personnel will have to implement in

case of a serious emergency.

In any case, the availability of resources within the community must be

determined before hand, so that these resources can be mobilized, if

the time comes to do so.

7.7 RESPONSE ORGANISATION STRUCTURE

To set up a response organization structure necessary for chain of

commands during emergency situation, which may arise in the

premises, is one of the most important objectives of emergency plan,

which is briefly described hereunder:

Functions and Responsibilities

The main key person of the emergency plan is Chief Emergency

co-ordinator (Factory Manager / Plant Head). He shall be assisted by,

• Emergency Plant Coordinator, Chief (Production)

• Material Management Coordinator, Chief (Commercial)

• Special Job Coordinator, Chief (Administration Finance)

Chief Emergency Coordinator

He shall be responsible for

• Essential communications

• Public relation

• Transportation

• Investigation and reports

• Alert the hospital authorities

Emergency Plant Coordinator (Chief-Production)

• Rush to the site of emergency on receipt of information.

• Direct plant operation/shut-down operations as needed to

control situation.



• Guide the Shift Production Officer and members of the

Emergency Squad in fire fighting/rescue operations.

• Arrange for any additional fire fighting/safety equipment,

which may be required at the site.

• Keep in constant touch with the Chief Emergency Coordinator

and pass on all relevant and necessary information to him so

as to enable him keep in touch with concerned authorities.

• Keep in touch with the other coordinators for requirement of

any services like external help, communication, transportation,

etc.

• Arrange for replacement/refilling of used up fire fighting

equipments or gas masks/canisters so as to make these

available at the site at the earliest.

• Carry out investigation of the accident and assist in filling of

statutory reports as required.

• Carry out preliminary investigation into the accident with the

help of concerned personnel.

• Preserve records/evidence that may be required for

investigation.

Material Management Coordinator (Chief-Commercial)

• Rush to the site of emergency.

• Keep the stores open for emergency issue of any items that

may be required for control of emergency.

• In case some material is not available, arrange for its

emergency purchase.

• Keep contact with other coordinators to assess any

requirements in terms of material.

• Arrange for any trucks/trolleys, which may be required for

transportation of materials.



• Keep in constant touch with the Chief Emergency Coordinator.

• Assess the situation in consultation with the Chief Emergency

Coordinator and other coordinators.

• Arrange to get maintenance mechanics along with their

toolboxes to provide help in any isolation/repair work as may

be required.

• Arrange for requisite number of contractor workmen in case

any additional help is required.

• Arrange for the Shift Electrician and get power supply to the

affected area, if required.

• Make arrangements for temporary lighting/emergency lighting

at the affected area, as required.

• In case of a power failure, ensure the running of the DG sets

and uninterrupted power supply to emergency facilities.

Special Job Coordinator (Chief – Administration/Finance)

• Rush to the site of emergency

• Assess the situation in consultation with Emergency Plant

Coordinator to provide help as may be required.

• Keep in constant touch with the Chief Emergency Coordinator.

• Assess the situation in consultation with Chief Emergency

Coordinator.

• Attend to all emergencies related communications at the

Security Gate.

• Arrange for all Security Guards at their respective post and in

case of the availability of some spare Security Guards, they

may be sent to site of emergency to assist emergency Squad

in fire fighting/rescue operations.

• Closely monitor all movements at the gate, keeping passage

clear for movement of emergency vehicles.



• No visitors should be allowed to come inside the premises

during the period of emergency.

• Assess the law and order situation inside/outside the premises

and take necessary action accordingly. Proper vigilance to be

maintained to avoid any attempts from inside/outside

saboteurs.

• Arrange to keep the emergency vehicles and ambulance ready

with their drivers for any movement of personnel/material.

• Arrange for canteen services for the personnel on duty and in

the affected area.

• In case of any injuries, provide necessary first aid and arrange

for shifting of the injured personnel to the ESI or other

hospitals as the case may be.

• Attend to any external calls/telephones relating to information

about emergency.

• In case of need from other emergency coordinators at site,

arrange to inform external agencies like Fire Brigade, Police

Station, Ambulance and other Medical Services.

• Arrange for filling of statutory report that may be required.

7.8 EMERGENCY RESPONSE CENTRE

The place identified as Emergency Response Centre will be

considered as the Security Gate Office.

The location of Emergency Response Centre may change in future as

per convenience. The facilities available at the Emergency Response

Centre shall include:

• Internal Telephone

• External Telephone

• Manual Fire/Emergency Siren

• Siren Actuation Switch



• Important Address and Telephone Numbers

• Emergency Vehicles

• Confined Space Entry Procedure

• List of antidote/actions to be taken in case of exposure to

hazardous Chemicals/materials.

• Material Safety Data Sheets of chemicals

• A copy of On-Site Disaster Management Plan

All communications after General Shift working hours and on

Sundays/Holidays are to be routed through the Security Gate Office.

General Rules

• Follow sense of discipline and do not panic.

• Do not rush and endanger your personal safety.

• Use personnel protective equipment according to the situation.

• Do not block any passages which may hinder the movement of

emergency Vehicles.

• In case you have to shut down your plant operations, do it in

an orderly manner as per standard operating procedures.

• In situation when you have to leave your work and evacuate to

identify places out of operating areas, do it in an orderly

manner.

• Follow instructions of the Emergency Co-ordinators.

• Understand the disaster management plan well and take

interest in practice drills

Emergency Squad

There is a group of personnel (5-10 in number) who will be identified to

handle any emergency situation. These personnel including officers shall

be taken from various operating areas and will be imparted extensive

training in fire fighting, material safety data for hazardous chemicals,

rescue operations, decontamination procedures, confined space entry



procedures, first aid and other related functions. The members will be

so chosen that at any given time, at least 2–3 members of Emergency

Squad will be available in the premises.

Communication System

Intercom telephone points shall be provided at all critical areas of

operations. An Emergency Telephone shall be available at the

Emergency Response Centre. In addition, telephone connections shall

be provided at the residence of all critical personnel to ensure

immediate contact.

7.9 POST EMERGENCY – RECOVERY

When an emergency is over, it is desirable to carry out a detailed

analysis of the causes of accidents to evaluate the influence of various

factors involved and to propose methods to eliminate or minimize them

in future. Simultaneously, the adequacy of the disaster preparedness

plan will be evaluated and any shortcomings will be rectified.

Accident Investigation

a. After the emergency is over and plant operation has become normal, the investigation shall be carried out as soon as possible to determine the cause of the event.

b. Representatives from various disciplines should take part and report in the investigating team.

c. The area of the event shall be sealed off so that tampering or alteration of the physical evidence will not occur.

d. Key components shall be photographed and logged with time, place, direction, etc.

e. Statements shall be taken from those who were involved with the operation or who witnessed the event.



Damage Assessment

This phase of recovery establishes the quantum of replacement of

machinery considered necessary for bringing back the plant to normal

operation, property and personnel losses, and culminates in a list of

necessary repair, replacement and reconstruction work.

Insurance companies will be informed of the damage and requested to

pay the compensation as per claim.

Cleanup and Restoration

• This phase will only begin after the investigation is complete.

• Reporting documentation will be prepared and forwarded to

appropriate authorities.

• Repairs, restoration and cleanup will begin.

Insurance claims will be prepared and submitted.



Figure – 7.1:- On Site Disaster Management Plan

Chief Emergency Coordinator Factory manager /

Plant head

Material management Coordinator

(Chief Commercial)

Special Job Coordinator

(Chief Administration

Finance)

Emergency Plant Coordinator (Chief Production)

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