dr. william j davis, jr. dr. william j davis, jr.usacgsc jcol

Dr. William J Davis, Jr.USACGSC

JCOL

• Introduction

• Organizational Structure for Joint Planning

• Joint Strategic Planning Systems

• Contingency Planning

• Crisis Planning

Joint Course on Logistics

Course Objective

The objective is to give an overview of the joint operation planning process

for both contingency and crisis action planning.

Vocabulary

Strategic Concept

CAP

UIC

UTC

TPFDD

LAD

TUCHAM-dayJSCP

JOPES

JPEC

JFAST

PPBE

C-day

QDR

What is JOPES?Develop and Execute War Plans

Joint Operation Planning and Execution System (JOPES) is a combination of joint policies andprocedures, supported by IT, designed toprovide joint commanders and planners with a capability to plan and conduct jointmilitary operations.

JOPES VOLs

CJCSM 3122.02C

22 March 2004

JOPESVOLUME III

(CRISIS ACTION TIME PHASED FORCE AND DEPLOYMENT DATA DEVELOPMENT AND

DEPLOYMENT EXECUTION)

JOINT OPERATION PLANNING AND EXECUTION SYSTEM

(JOPES) VOLUME I

CJCSM 3122.01A

29 Sep 2006

(PLANNING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES)

JOPESVOLUME II

CJCSM 3122.03B

28 February 2006

PLANNING FORMATS

Three Volumes of JOPES

PlanDevelopment

Plan Assessment

No Plan

Contingency Planning

JSCP

Strategic Guidance

ConceptDevelopment

OPORD

ExecutionPlanningSituational Awareness

Crisis

Crisis Action Planning

Campaign Plan OPORDs

OPLANCONPLANs

SCP

Commander’sStrategicConcept

JOPESJoint Operation Planning and Execution System

Joint Planning Goal

The primary goal of planning is not the development of elaborate plans that inevitably must be changed; a more

enduring goal is the development of planners who can cope with the inevitable change.

How successful have we been at accomplishing this?

JFSC / JCWS06 Feb 2006


Op Art / Op Design

• Must use Op Art and Op Design throughout the planning process– Op Art

• Application of creative imagination to design strategies, campaigns and operations

– Elements of Op Design • Now includes end state, objectives, effects, and lines of operation

– Systems Approach• Addition to traditional JIPB

– Phasing• Element of “Arranging Ops”

• Although JOPP provides a logical process to frame the planning effort, it is only the creative minds of the commander and staff that will make the plan successful


Relationship of Shaping Ops

Seize Initia

tive Dominate

Stab

ilize

Shape

De

ter

Authorit

y

Enable Civ

il

Operation Plan

Phases

RELATIONSHIP OF GLOBAL AND THEATER SHAPINGAND OPERATION PLAN PHASES

GlobalShaping

TheaterShaping

HA/DR Phasing

Phases May Overlap

Immediate Response

First 72 hours

Continuous SA & preparedness

TSC activities to enhance PN disaster preparedness and response capabilities

Immediate lifesaving when:

• directed by SECDEF, or

• directed by CDR for immediate lifesaving with forces in place (72 hr limit)

• Assess affected areas for relief ops

Support OFDA to:

• Mitigate near-term human suffering

• Provide water, food, shelter, sanitation, medicine, etc.

• Assess affected areas for restoration ops

Support OFDA to:

• Restore key infrastructure (roads, power, communications, etc.)

• Set conditions for transition to civil authorities

If no legitimate, functioning civil gov’t, perform limited local governance

Provide basic services to people

Set conditions for transition to civil authorities

Support civil gov’t

Civil authorities assume responsibilities (with assistance as req’d from OFDA, NGOs, IOs, etc.)

Military forces redeploy

Phase 0 activities resume

Preparation Initial ResponseRelief Stabilization

Phase 0 Phase I Phase II Phase III Phase IV

(Shape) (Dominate) (Stabilize) (Enable Civil Auth)

Phase V

Restoration (DoD Support

TBD)(Seize Initiative)(Deter)

Cur

rent

Si

tuat

ion

Recovery

Disaster

• Introduction




• Crisis Action Planning


Elements of the Department of Defense

Office of the Secretary of Defense

DEFENSE AGENCIES

JOINTSTAFF

DOD FIELD ACTIVITIES

COMBATANT COMMANDS* * * *

MILITARYDEPARTMENTS

JOINTCHIEFS

OFSTAFF

MILITARYSERVICES

Standard Military Org Chart

VicePresident

NSCAdvisors

Operational Responsibilities Support Responsibilities

Combatant Command

Directive Authority

DAFDONDA

NSC

SecretaryOf State

SpecifiedCommand

Unified Command

CommanderFunctionalComponentCommand

CommanderJointTaskForce

CommanderSub-

UnifiedCommand

CommanderService

ComponentCommand

Operations Planning

Strategic Direction

Military Advice

Organize Train

Equip Maintain

Assign Support

SecretaryARMY

CSA

USA

SecretaryAir Force

CSAF

USAF

CMC

USMC

CNO

USN

SecretaryNAVY

JCSVice

Chairman

Joint Staff

Organization ForNational Security

President VicePresident

Secretary of Energy

National Security Advisor

ChairmanJCS

SecretaryOf Defense

X

• Introduction






JSPS

JSPS

JSPS

StrategicDirection

ProgrammingAdvice

StrategicAssessment

StrategicPlans

JSPS and Related Systems

JSPS

SMEAC1. Situation2. Mission3. Execution4. Admin5. C2

The Gouge

JSPS

JSPS

JSPS

NSSNSS

IPLIPL

POMsPOMs JFRR

SROC CRSJCCACRS

JCCAJTSJTS

StrategicDirection

ProgrammingAdvice

StrategicAssessment

StrategicPlansPPBE

JPGJPG

CPRCPR

CPACPAFCB

JROC

NDSNDS

NMSNMS

JSPS and Related Systems

JSPS

QDR

CRA

JSR

GEFGEF

JSCPJSCP

JOPES/APEX

JOPES/APEX PLANs PLANs

Guidance to Combatant Commanders

• Joint Pub 1• Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the

United States• UCP

• Unified Command Plan (FOUO)• Combatant Commander Command

Relationships

Over 4 million parts…each one

built by the lowest bidder…BEST VALUE

• Introduction






StrategyStrategy

ResourcesResources

NSS

NMS

QDR

JSR

CPR

CPA

JSCP

FCB

NDS

JFRR

JROC

GEF

JPG

Contingency Plans

CRA

Secretary of Defense Initiatives

• Realign five (5) Phases of Deliberate Planning into four (4) Functions of Contingency Planning

• Redefined six (6) Phases of Crisis Action Planning into three (3) Functions.

http://www.defenselink.mil/cgi-bin/photoform.pl?photo=Aug2004/040826-F-5586B-099.jpg

PlanDevelopment

Plan Assessment

No Plan


JSCP

Strategic Guidance

ConceptDevelopment

OPORD


Crisis



OPLANCONPLANs

SCP



GEF Purpose – Consolidate GuidanceConsolidating five separate documents forces holistic

thinking about previously stove-piped planning

ContingencyPlanning Guidance

SecurityCooperation

Guidance

NuclearWeaponsPlanningGuidance

GlobalPosture Guidance

GlobalForce Mgmt

Guidance

Joint Strategic Capabilities

Plan

Guidance forEmployment of the Force

Built together by Task Force

Global Force Management

• Force Apportionment Guidance for Contingency Planning (GFM Implementation Guidance: GFMIG)– 3 Bins

• Force Allocation Guidance [to the Global Force Management Board (GFMB)] for operations and shaping activities– 5 Tiers of Priorities

New Apportionment Construct

HDNORTHCOM/

ELEMNORAD/PACOM

Campaign 1

Campaign 2

XXXXXXXX

Homeland Defense - HD

XXXXXXXX

XXXXXXXX

XXXXXXXX

XXXXXXXX

XXXXXXXX

XXXXXXXX

XXXXXXXX

XXXXXXXX

Plans Force Bins

Current Operations

Homeland Defense - HD

Force Bins

HD NORTHCOM / PACOM

USELEMNORAD/SOUTHCOM

XXXXXXXXX

XXXXXXXXX

XXXXXXXXX

XXXXXXXXX

XXXXXXXX

XXXXXXXX

XXXXXXXX

Plans

Forces not available for

planning

Forces available for planning

JSCP 06 JSCP 08

• Proposed construct accounts for employed forces• Establishes a more realistic start point for planning• Not intended to be the equivalent of contingency sourcing• Improves CCDR’s ability to assess military risk to execute a plan

NDS required the ability to conduct 2

overlapping campaigns

31

Design Element:“Arranging Operations – Phasing”

JP 5-0, p. IV-34 (26 Dec 2006)

Campaign(s)

SubordinateCampaign

Plans

ContingencyPlans XXX YYY ZZZ

XXX

Theater Campaign Plan

YYY ZZZ

#### ####

DOD Global Campaign Plan



Relationship of Planning Efforts

Contingency plans to subordinate campaign plans are not stand alone plans, but are branches to the subordinate campaign plans.

Indicates a supporting campaign plan synchronized with a Global Campaign PlanIndicates campaign or contingency plans nested under a Theater Campaign Plan

The Never-ending Theater Campaign Plan (TCP)

Contingency as a branch plan from the TCP

TCP (security cooperation/Phase

0)

The end-state that

doesn’t end (NSS objectives and interests)

Once the contingency is over, the end state is back to day-to-day military activities (phase 0, which is the theater campaign plan)

Security Cooperation/Shaping ActivitiesThe COCOM campaign plan is the mechanism for organizing, integrating

and prioritizing security cooperation activities

Security Cooperation Activities/Tools

Global End State(s)

COCOM Regional or Functional End State(s)Critical Partnerships

Key Supporting Partnerships

Countries of Concern

Global Core

Partners

Nationaland

MultinationalInfluence

Security Cooperation Focus AreasDefense

Exports and International Collaboration

Security Sector

Reform

Intelligence and

Information Sharing

Inter-operability

Operational Capacity

and Capability

Operational Access and

Global Freedom of

Action

Assurance and Regional

Confidence Building

There is no better diplomat than a naval aviator on liberty!!

Campaign Planning Efforts

Regional Campaigns

1.USAFRICOM

2.USCENTCOM

3.USEUCOM

4.USNORTHCOM

5.USPACOM

6.USSOUTHCOM

Global/Functional Campaigns

1.Global War on Terror

2.Homeland Defense

3.Defense Support of Civil Authorities

4.Global Pandemic Influenza

5.Combating WMD

6.Strategic Deterrence & Global Strike

7.Cyberspace

8.Space

JOPES Functions

ThreatIdentification

& Assessment

StrategyDetermination

COADevelopment

DetailedPlanning Implementation

IIIPlan

Development

IIConcept

Development

IStrategic Guidance

IV Plan Assessment

Execute Order

AlertOrder

Warning Order

Planning Order

JSPS

JSCP

ContingencyPlanning

Execution

Crisis ActionPlanning

PlanningSituation Awareness

JOPES Functions and Joint Planning

IPR FIPR C

IPR A

IPR R

Strategic Guidance

Concept Development

Plan Development

Initiation


JOPP Generic

• Receive and analyze required tasks.• Review and refine adversary situation • Develop and compare alternative courses of action.• Select the best course of action.• Submit and gain concept approval.• Prepare a plan based on approved concept.• Complete the planning document.


• CJCSM 3122 (JOPES) specifies JPEC– Milestones, deliverables and interaction points– Differences between Contingency and CAP

• Contingency Initiation– CPG / SGS / JSCP– Commander’s Guidance– Formation of planning team (JPG, OPG, etc)

• CAP Initiation– Warning Ord / Planning Ord / Alert Ord

JOPP Step 1: Initiation

MISSION ANALYSIS

MissionAnalysis

Initial StaffEstimates

Higher HQ Planning Directive

Mission Statement

JFC’s Initial Intent

Statement

JFC’s Initial Planning Guidance

CDR’s Critical Information

Requirements

Key Inputs Key Outputs

JOPP Step 2 (FC Draft JP 5-0 Jan ’06)

42

JTF Commander's OrientationPACOM Commander's Intent• Purpose: Provide immediate life sustaining support to the GOB, reduce further loss

of life, mitigate human suffering.

• Key Tasks: • Designate COMMARFORPAC as CDR-JTF

• Preposition Relief Supplies and Equipment in anticipation of support request.

• BPT to conduct operations as part of a multi-national relief effort or in support of a third country

• BPT establish a joint logistics hub in the vicinity of Burma

• Conduct FHA in support of OFDA

• Transition FHA functions to other agencies as soon as practical

• Redeploy/Reposition forces upon completion of the mission or as directed.

• Endstate: Demand for Emergency Relief decreased to the point where GOB and the humanitarian community can meet relief requirements and begin recovery operations without U.S. Military Assistance. Human suffering is alleviated. U.S. Forces are safely redeployed.

43

JTF Specified Tasks (1/3)(1) BPT PROVIDE DISASTER RELIEF SUPPORT IN COORDINATION WITH

USAID/OFDA.

(2) PROVIDE JTF-CDR'S ESTIMATE WITH COURSES OF ACTION AND RECOMMENDED COURSE OF ACTION TO USPACOM J3 NLT 071300ZMAY08.

(3) DEVELOP SITUATIONAL AWARENESS AND CONDUCT ASSESSMENTS IN SUPPORT OF FHA RELIEF OPERATIONS TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE.

(4) BPT PROVIDE MOBILITY ASSETS IN SUPPORT OF RELIEF EFFORTS AS REQUIRED.

(5) BPT DELIVER FOOD, WATER, EMERGENCY MEDICAL SUPPORT, MEDICINE AND OTHER RELIEF SUPPLIES AS REQUIRED.

(6) BPT PROVIDE LIMITED TRANSPORTATION OF DISPLACED PERSONS TO DESIGNATED AREAS FROM LOCATIONS INACCESSIBLE TO HN TRANSPORTATION ASSETS.

44

JTF Implied Tasks (1/1)

(1) Establish FCE in Rangoon

(2) Establish HN / JTF coordination element in Rangoon

(3) Establish LNOs with MPAT for coordination/deconfliction with International Aid agencies.

(4) BPT Establish FOB or FARPs in Thailand/Burma as required.

(5) Establish Air C2 concept to deconflict JTF tactical and operational air with HN and Non-DOD aviation

(6) Seek clearance to fly non-DOD personnel and supplies

45

Assumptions (1/2)• SECDEF WILL DIRECT USPACOM TO ASSIST WITH DISASTER

RELIEF IN BURMA.• USPACOM FORCES WILL EXECUTE OPERATIONS AS A PART OF A

MULTI-NATIONAL RELIEF EFFORT OR IN SUPPORT OF THE EFFORTS OF A THIRD COUNTRY.

• BURMA WILL REQUEST U.S. HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE.• BURMA WILL PROVIDE FORCE PROTECTION FOR US FORCES IF

ALLOWED IN THE COUNTRY.• GOB WILL DIRECT OVERALL RELIEF EFFORT.• GROUND TRANSPORTATION NETWORK IN THE AFFECTED AREAS

OF BURMA IS SERIOUSLY DEGRADED OR UNUSABLE.

Proposed Mission Statement

• CDRUSSOUTHCOM conducts PHASE II (RELIEF) ISO the USAMB/Country Team in coordination with MINUSTAH/ NGOs/OGA/USAID IOT mitigate near term human suffering and accelerate recovery in Haiti. BPT transition to PHASE III (RESTORATION).

47

Proposed JTF Mission

O/O, JTF conducts Humanitarian Assistance (HA) and Disaster Relief (DR) Operations IVO Central Burma to support International relief efforts IOT reduce further loss of life and mitigate human suffering.

COURSE OF ACTION DEVELOPMENT

Course of ActionDevelopment

Initial StaffEstimates

Mission & Tasks

Viable COAs & Sketches

Revised Staff Estimates

Tentative Task

Organization


JFC’sPlanning Guidance

JOPP Step 3

49

Deploy HMM-262 det/ HMM-265 CH-53 det/ HM-14 det to Utaphao

Deploy HMM-265 aboard 31st MEU/ ESX ARG in MODLOC vic Gulf of Martaban

Establish FOB in Mae Sot, TH

Establish FARP at Rangoon Intl, MY

OPS and LOG nodes

JTF HQ/1st MAW Khorat, TH

3rd MEB proposed FARP Rangoon

Mae Sot FOB

Intermediate Logistics Staging Base

Main relief aid distribution point

Rapidly establish initial relief capability

Build to maximum capacity as

resources and authorities allow.

Conduct assessments

Deploy FCE to Burma

Project aid relief fwd from Utaphao via KC/C-130s and Mai Sot to Rangoon when authorized

COA Balanced Response

LOGOPS

MFP

FOB

FOBFRDP

3 MEB

1

1

2

2

3

3 4

4

11

2

2

3

3

44

5

5

C2 LinksFRDP Forward Refuel/Distribution Pt

COURSE OF ACTION ANALYSIS

Course of ActionAnalysis

Viable COAs & Sketches

Mission & Tasks

Risk Assessment

Advantages & Disadvantages

Potential Branches &

Sequels



Tentative Task

OrganizationTask

Organization Adjustments

Potential Decision Points

JOPP Step 4

COURSE OF ACTION COMPARISON

Course of ActionComparison

Advantages &Disadvantages

Wargaming Results

Evaluated COAs

Recommended COA



JOPP Step 5

COURSE OF ACTION SELECTION

Course of ActionSelection

StaffRecommendations

JFC’sPersonal Analysis

(Experience & Judgment)

COA Modifications

JFC’s COA Selection


CDR’s Estimate(if required)

JOPP Step 2

17

Plan Development Activities

• Concept of Operations (CONOPS) Development and Approval

• Force Planning

• Support Planning

• Nuclear Planning

• Transportation Planning

• Time- Phased Force and Deployment Data Development

• Shortfall I dentification

• Documentation

• Plan Review and Approval

• Supporting Plan Development

JOPPStep 7

STEP 10 PLAN REVIEW

PURPOSE:To identify all forces needed to accomplish the Concept of Operations. Build the force list.

STEP 8 TPFDD REFINEMENT

STEP 7 TRANSPORTATION FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS

STEP 6 SHORTFALL IDENTIFICATION

STEP 5 NEO

STEP 4TRANSPORTATION

STEP 3 CHEMICAL NUCLEAR

STEP 2 SUPPORT

STEP 1 FORCE

JOPESVOLUME II

CJCSM 3122.03B

28 February 2006

PLANNING FORMATS

Plan Development

STEP 9 DOCUMENTATION

Home MobilizationStation Origin Port of

Embarkation

IntermediateLocation

StrategicStaging

Port ofDebarkation

ORIGRLD

POEALD

ILOC

Employment

POD DEST

EAD LADEarliest, Latest

Arrival Date

RDD/CRDCombatant

Commander’sRequired Date

RequiredDelivery

Date

PREPO

term:date:

The Movement of Forces

Reception Staging OnwardMovement

Integration

I knew I should have stayed awake during the JPOC when Sledge talked about TPFDDs!!

C-day(L-hour)(N-day)

Deployment Operation Begins(specific hour deployment begins)

(Day unit notified, e.g., AMC mission support)

D-day(H-hour)

Military Operation Begins(specific hour operation begins)

M-day(F-hour)

Force Mobilization Begins(SECDEF announcement to mobilize

reserve forces)

EMPLOYMENT

THEATERDEPLOYMENT

STRATEGICDEPLOYMENT

NATIONALMOBILIZATION

POD

POE

ORIG

A F S C04-25-95

JP666c 5D#3-g

Reference Times for Planning

PURPOSE:Identify the quantities of supplies, equipment and replacement personnel to sustain the force.

Plan DevelopmentJOPES

VOLUME II

CJCSM 3122.03B

28 February 2006

PLANNING FORMATS

STEP 10 PLAN REVIEW




STEP 5 NEO

STEP 4TRANSPORTATION


STEP 1 FORCE

STEP 2 SUPPORT


Support PlanningUnit-RelatedUnit-Related

TUCHA

Additionalaccompanying

suppliesPWRS

Sustainingsupplies

Resupply

Supply BuildupSupply Buildup

Non-Unit-RelatedNon-Unit-Related

LADLAD +5+5 +10+10 +30+30 +60+60

CESPCESP

Additional considerations

MedicalMedical

EPWEPW CivilAffairsCivil

AffairsSpecialMaterials

Must be addedseparately

Pipelineopens

A F S C08-09-95

JP160c D#5-g

Plan Development

PURPOSE:Solve the complex strategic movement by simulating the movement of forces, planning for NEO requirements, and support to identify shortfalls and analyze alternatives.

JOPESVOLUME II

CJCSM 3122.03B

28 February 2006

PLANNING FORMATS





STEP 5 NEO

STEP 4 TRANSPORTATION

STEP 10 PLAN REVIEW


STEP 1 FORCE

STEP 2 SUPPORT

Identifythe TotalTransportationRequirements...

Describe TheminLogisticalTerms...

SimulatetheStrategicMove...

ShortTonsShortTons

SquareFeet

SquareFeet

CubicFeet

CubicFeet

PassengersPassengers

MovementCriteria

MovementCriteria

UsingCommon-User

Lift

A F S C04-07-95

JP675C 7D# g

The Strategic Transportation Challenge

http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ac/C-17-art.JPG

Time?3-4 Weeks (ship)

vs.2-3 Days (aircraft)

Time?3-4 Weeks (ship)

vs.2-3 Days (aircraft)

Co

st

Mobility Tradeoffs –Goal: Optimize Capability

Constrained Resources… Premium on Right Asset, Right Mission!

D-50 D-10 RDDD-60 D-30D-40 D-20

But We Typically Operate Here!

We Want to Be Here…

ConcreteAir:$129M Sea:$5.5M

ConcreteAir:$129M Sea:$5.5M

BombsAir:$235M Sea:$10.7M

BombsAir:$235M Sea:$10.7M

HDRAir:$17.6M Sea:$360K

HDRAir:$17.6M Sea:$360K

Time

Worldwide Pre-positioned Assets

Diego Garcia USMC USN USA USAF

Guam/Saipan USMC USN USA USAF

Guam USAF

Japan USN USAF

South Korea USN USA USAF

Oman USAF

QatarUSAF

Bahrain USN USAF

Kuwait USA USAF

Norway USMC USN USAF

Luxembourg USAF Germany

USAFItalyUSA

Mediterranean USMC USN USAF

AshoreAfloat

Shortfall Resolution• Refine priorities• Adjust origin to POE to POD routing and

timing• Change lift modes• Link forces to pre-positioned resources• Enhance preparedness with base development• Seek additional assets• Conclude contractual agreements or inter-

Service support agreements• Arrange for HNS where feasible• Employ combination of above• Redefine concept of operations

Plan Review Group

• Combatant Commands• Services • National Guard Bureau• Joint Staff directorate• Defense agencies

• Introduction






A F S C07-07-95

IP255 5D23-g

What is a crisis?

I hope my SATs are high enough for the Naval Academy

They have to take me…my Dad’s an admiral!!

“An incident or situation involving a threat to the United States, its territories, citizens, military

forces, possessions, or vital interests that develops rapidly and creates a condition of such

diplomatic, economic, political, or military importance that commitment of U.S. military

forces and resources is contemplated to achieve national objectives.”

JP 1-02

What is a crisis?

CJCSJCS

Jt Staff

CJCSJCS

Jt Staff

Central Command Joint Forces CommandEuropean Command Special Operations CommandNorthern Command Strategic CommandPacific Command Transportation CommandSouthern Command

Central Command Joint Forces CommandEuropean Command Special Operations CommandNorthern Command Strategic CommandPacific Command Transportation CommandSouthern Command

Combatant CommandsCombatant Commands

GovernmentAgencies

GovernmentAgencies

White HouseSituation Room

White HouseSituation Room State / Energy

DepartmentState / Energy

Department

OSDOSD

NMCCNMCC

IntelligenceAgencies

IntelligenceAgencies

DNIDIACIANSA

DNIDIACIANSA

DefenseAgenciesDefense

Agencies

DISADTRADLANGA

DISADTRADLANGA

ServicesServicesArmyNavy

Air ForceMarine CorpsCoast Guard

NGB

ArmyNavy

Air ForceMarine CorpsCoast Guard

NGB

The Players

Rapid exchange of pertinent information

Analysis of situations affecting possible COAs

Development of feasible COAs

Decisionmaking process to select best COAs

Coordination of plans and orders to implement decisions made

CAP Process Allows

Political-Military Actions and the “Interagency”

Military Operations

Policy

Importance

• Sensible and realistic policy-making creates opportunities for progress

• Interagency planning can make or break an operation

• Failure to integrate civil dimension…Undermines unity of effortPressures military to do moreLengthens the duration of

commitments• Early involvement in planning accelerates

contributions of civilian agencies

How did we get where we are? Mission/Objective Alternative means to achieve

objective Tolerance for what level of

violence? Support for use of force Financial and logistical Exit strategy Definition of victory

Deciding to Intervene

PlanDevelopment

Plan Assessment

No Plan


JSCP

Strategic Guidance

ConceptDevelopment

OPORD


Crisis



OPLANCONPLANs

SCP



CombatantCommand

CoCom HQ

PresSecDefCJCS

PresSecDefCJCS

MajorCrisis

US Government (OSD, JS, COCOMs, Interagency)

• Monitor the situation• Identify that an event has occurred• Recognize that the event is a problem

or potential problem• Report the event• Assess the event

Crisis Action Planning Process

CombatantCommand

CoCom HQ

PresSecDefCJCS

PresSecDefCJCS

Commander’s Assessment• Information on situation• Action being taken within ROE• Forces available• Timeframe for commitment of

forces• Major constraints or restraints

for employment of forces• COAs under consideration

MajorCrisis

Situation Awareness


CombatantCommand

CoCom HQ

PresSecDefCJCS

PresSecDefCJCS

MajorCrisis

Warning Order• Issued by CJCS• Contains Mission Statement -- Objectives -- Constraints/ Restraints -- Tentative Forces Available -- Command Relationships• Requests Cdr’s Estimate -- Develop COAs

CCDR’s Assessment

Situation Awareness


CombatantCommand

CoCom HQ

MajorCrisis

Course of Action (COA) Planning • Review Existing Plans for Applicability• Develop COAs• Analyze COAs• Compare COAs

CCDR’s Assessment

Situation Awareness


PresSecDefCJCS

PresSecDefCJCS

Warning Order

CombatantCommand

CoCom HQ

MajorCrisis

Commander’s Estimate• Mission• Situation and COAs• Analysis of opposing COAs• Comparison of own COAs• Recommended COA

COAPlanning

CCDR’s Assessment

Situation Awareness


Warning Order

PresSecDefCJCS

PresSecDefCJCS

CombatantCommand

CoCom HQ

MajorCrisis

Cdr’s Estimate

Alert Order• President’s decision on COA • Contains

-- Situation -- Tasks -- Allocation of Major Forces -- Allocation of Strategic Lift -- Target Date for Execution• Requests Operation Order

(OPORD)

COAPlanning

CCDR’s Assessment

Situation Awareness


Warning Order

PresSecDefCJCS

PresSecDefCJCS

CombatantCommand

CoCom HQ

PresSecDefCJCS

PresSecDefCJCS

or … Planning Order• Issued by CJCS when detailed

planning is desired immediately -- Before President approves a COA

• Contains -- Mission -- Objectives -- Forces Available -- Command Relationships

• Directs Execution Planning

MajorCrisis

CCDR’s Assessment

Situation Awareness


CombatantCommand

CoCom HQ

MajorCrisis

Plan Development• Update/Adjust Selected COA -- Identify and Source Forces -- Identify Sustainment/Mobility Resources -- Resolve Shortfalls and Limitations• Can also be Directed in Planning Order• Develop OPORD

Cdr’s EstimateCOA

Planning

CCDR’s Assessment

Situation Awareness


Alert Order

Planning Order

Warning Order

PresSecDefCJCS

PresSecDefCJCS

CombatantCommand

CoCom HQ

MajorCrisis

Cdr’s Estimate

Operation Order (OPORD)• Situation• Mission• Execution• Admin & Logistics• C2

COAPlanning

PlanDevelopment

CCDR’s Assessment

Situation Awareness


Alert Order

Planning Order

Warning Order

PresSecDefCJCS

PresSecDefCJCS

COAPlanning

CCDR’s Assessment

COAPlanning

CCDR’s Assessment

COAPlanning

CCDR’s Assessment

CombatantCommand

CoCom HQ

MajorCrisis

CCDR’s Assessment

Cdr’s Estimate

Situation Awareness

COAPlanning

ExecutionPlanning OPORD

PlanDevelopment


Alert Order

Planning Order

Warning Order

PresSecDefCJCS

PresSecDefCJCS

OPORD

CombatantCommand

CoCom HQ

MajorCrisis

CCDR’s Assessment

Situation Awareness


Deployment Order• SecDef Approval• Can be Issued at Any Time in CAP• Signals Pres/SecDef Decision to Begin

Preparation for Military Response

PlanDevelopment


Cdr’s EstimateCOA

Planning

Alert Order

Planning Order

Warning Order

PresSecDefCJCS

PresSecDefCJCS

OPORD

CombatantCommand

CoCom HQ

MajorCrisis

CCDR’s Assessment

Situation Awareness


Deployment Order (cont.)• Reduces Reaction Time

• Increase Posture / Deploy Forces• Establish / Activate JTF & Designate CC• Also used to Terminate / Redeploy

PlanDevelopment


Cdr’s EstimateCOA

Planning

Alert Order

Planning Order

Warning Order

PresSecDefCJCS

PresSecDefCJCS

CombatantCommand

CoCom HQ

MajorCrisis

CCDR’s Assessment

Situation Awareness


Deployment Order

PlanDevelopment


Cdr’s EstimateCOA

Planning

Alert Order

Planning Order

Warning Order

PresSecDefCJCS

PresSecDefCJCS

CombatantCommand

CoCom HQ

MajorCrisis

CCDR’s Assessment

Situation Awareness


Execute Order• President Directs Commander to

Begin Military Operations• Defines Time to Initiate Operations• Conveys Guidance Not Provided Earlier

PlanDevelopment


Cdr’s EstimateCOA

Planning

Alert Order

Planning Order

Warning Order

PresSecDefCJCS

PresSecDefCJCS

CombatantCommand

CoCom HQ

PresSecDefCJCS

PresSecDefCJCS

MajorCrisis

CCDR’s Assessment

Situation Awareness


Execute OrderConductOperation

Deployment Order

PlanDevelopment


Cdr’s EstimateCOA

Planning

Alert Order

Planning Order

Warning Order

Contained in Enclosure G to JOPES Vol IList general responsibilities and

considerations during CAPIdentified for various levels

-- CJCS-- supported command-- component commands-- supporting commands-- Services-- USTRANSCOM-- other commands and agencies

Crisis Action Planning Checklists

WARNO PLORD ALORD DEPORD EXORD

UPHOLD DEMOCRACY (94) X X X XX

SAFE BORDER (95) X X

PROMPT RETURN (95) X X X

JOINT ENDEAVOR (95) X XX

ASSURED RESPONSE (96) X X X

QUICK RESPONSE (96) X X

BURUNDI (96) X

DESERT STRIKE (96) XX X

INTRINSIC ACTION (96) XX

GUARDIAN ASSISTANCE (96) X X X

SILVER WAKE (97) X X

ENDURING / IRAQI FREEDOM (03) X X X

CAP Orders

PlanDevelopment

No Plan


JSCP

Strategic Guidance

ConceptDevelopment

OPORD


Crisis



OPLANCONPLANs

SCP



Plan Assessment

JCL

“Bill, may I be excused? My brain is full.”

Joint Electronic Library : www.dtic.mil/doctrine

Joint Deployment Training Center: www.jdtc.jfcom.mil

Combatant Commands: http://www.defenselink.mil/specials/unifiedcommand/

RETROSPECT

dr. william j davis, jr. dr. william j davis, jr.usacgsc jcol

Documents