Dr. I.Purica

Ministry of Environment

Romania

Kyoto Protocol and its implementation in Romania

• Kyoto Protocol in Romania

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

(UNFCCC) • UNFCCC

- signed by Romania in 1992

- ratified by Law no. 24/1994

- Romania, a country with the process of transition to a market economy, is included in Annex I.

• National Commission on Climate Change

- established by Governmental Decision H.G. no. 1275/1996

- inter-ministerial body

- coordinated by the Ministry of Environment and Water Management

- to promote the necessary measures and actions for a unitary application of the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol’s provisions

at the national level

Flexible mechanisms provided by Kyoto Protocol

• Joint Implementation (JI)

between parties included in Annex I of UNFCCC (developed countries – economies in transition)

The only mechanism implemented in Romania at this moment

• Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)

between a party included in Annex I of UNFCCC and a party which is not on the list of Annex I (developed countries – developing countries)

at this moment Romania has no projects in this direction

• Emissions Trade(ET)

between parties included in Annex I of UNFCCC

at this moment it is not an active mechanism EU ET Directive starts implementation

• The Kyoto Protocol

- signed at UNFCCC - COP 3 in Kyoto, in 1997

- ratified in Romania by Law no. 3/2001

- Romania was the first country from Annex I of UNFCCC to ratify this document.

• Bilateral Agreements

- Agreements for Joint Implementation projects developing

- Signed between Romanian Government and other states included in

the Annex I of UNFCCC: the Netherlands, Switzerland, Austria, Norway,

Denmark, Sweden, France and also with the World Bank (Prototype

Carbon Fund). Statement of intent signed with Japan.

Kyoto Protocol – Romania’s commitments

• To reduce greenhouse gas emissions in 2008-2012 with 8% from the emissions level recorded in 1989

• To establish, no later than 2007, a national system for the estimation of greenhouse gas emissions

• To establish a National Registry of greenhouse gas emissions before the starting of the first commitment period

• To draft and implement policies with a view to promote sustainable development

• Emission credits resource

GHGEMISSION

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

CO2

emission 182447 166486 129696 130424 130177 126804 133045 138655 123864 109007 91800 94577 98759 105641

Net CO2

emission 170007 151094 113135 112957 111762 107765 114787 121306 106206 89488 73388 76892 80218 89670

CH4 51735 45693 39989 34775 32740 31670 31972 32209 28620 26754 25739 25728 25105 24324

N2O 27866 18785 10116 9890 10550 9236 9723 8669 7949 5938 6590 6559 7011 6068

PFCs 785 496 460 328 318 342 395 398 453 489 477 503 508 525

TOTAL

Thou. tones

CO2 Eq 250393 216088 163700 157951 155371 149014 158878 182582 143228 122668 106194 109662 112842 120587

Greenhouse gas emissions trends by gas (Gg CO2 equivalent)

GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION in ROMANIA (projection)

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Year

tho

us

an

d t

on

es

CO

2 E

q

Emission KYOTO target

• The past

Projects are registered by the Ministry of Environment and Water Management,

These projects are analyzed within the National Commission on Climate Change and, depending of the decision, are proposed for further investigation in order to establish the proper documentations for approval.

Project Design Document (PPD), examined by the National Commission on Climate Change, should contain:

description of the project

the baseline study

monitoring plan

project risks assessment

List of Joint Implementation Projects in RomaniaNo

Projects Agreement

1. Swiss Thermal Energy Project in Buzau and Pascani (AIJ/JI)

MoU Switzerland

2. Development of the municipal utilities - Heating System in Fagaras - second stage

MoU Norway

3. Modernisation of 3 hydro units in Portile de Fier I hydrostation project

ERUPT 2 – the Netherlands

4. Refurbishing of the cement factories Alesd and Campulung

ERUPT 2 – the Netherlands

5. Modernization of the first 4 hydro units in Portile de Fier II hydrostation Project

ERUPT 3 - the Netherlands

6. Geothermal energy use in Oradea-Area 2 and Beius District Heating Systems

MoU Denmark

7. “Sawdust 2000” Project MoU Denmark

8. Afforestation of 7000 ha degraded agricultural soils

Host Country Agreement with PCF

9. Landfill gas recovery in 6 major cities Project

ERUPT 4 - the Netherlands

10

Municipal Cogeneration Targoviste ERUPT 4 – the Netherlands

11.

Rehabilitation of Bucharest District Heating System**

MoU Switzerland

• The future

Managing AAUs

Allocate AAUs to meet KP commitment (-8%)

Determine reserve AAU for post 2012 evolution

Use AAUs to guarantee ERUs generated before 2008 in JI projects

Develop green investment schemes

Sell AAUs directly to support local pollution abatement initiatives

GgCO2 available AAUs after meeting KP commitment (-8%)

-120000

-100000

-80000

-60000

-40000

-20000

0

The ERUs “economic cycle”

Identification - Data base of ERU generating projects: ready for technology and local partners

Production - Support fund for projects financial schemes (Green Investment Scheme: WB, JBIC, bilateral): cover overall project risk

Certification - Operational projects: ERU certified for transfer in JI or ET mechanisms, also approved for AAU guarantee.

Selling - Emission credits exchange: allows ERU trade by local and international companies for ERUs not under JI transfers.

Checking - Monitoring of projects ERU generation

The ERUs institutional framework

National strategy on climate change for Kyoto Protocol/EU Directive on ET implementation

Inventory and reporting (national communication)

Register

National Allocation Plan

EU emissions trading scheme setting up and implementation

Agency dedicated to managing the process

Proposals for Joint Implementation Projects in Romania

Increase of energy efficiency in main economic sectors or activities

Rehabilitation of the district heating systems

Construction (or rehabilitation) of co-generation installations (combined

production of thermal and electric energy)

Recuperation of GHGs coming from urban waste landfills

Fuel switching in energy productive installations

Construction (or rehabilitation) of energy production installations which create

clean energy (especially hydroelectric, geothermal, wind, solar, biogas or

biomass)

Minimization of GHGs emissions coming from agriculture or cattle breading

activities

Afforestation and/or reforestation of land

THANK YOUipurica@mappm.ro