®Rainer Abendt

Dr.- Ing. Rainer-Werner AbendtNuremberg

Contact: rainer.abendt@gmx.de

Wastewater Workshop in Nairobi 29-th August till 03-th September 2011

Monitoring

®Rainer Abendt

Effluent Standards (emission)

Water Quality Standards (imission)

Education Standards: labours and academic

Health and Safety Standards

2

1

1

2

3

43

4

Monitoring

®Rainer Abendt

Wastewater disposal(Discharge and treatment)

Environmental laboratory for:Self-monitoring;Industrial monitoring;Pollutans;Heavy polluters

Administration:

Finances;

PersonnelBy-laws:

Connection approval;Industrial monitoring;Cost covering

Sewer construction:

General drainage;Sewer network expansion;

Sewer operation:

Maintenance, repair, operation/control of storage space and outlets (provisions under water law)

Wastwater treatment works construction:Matching structures to requirements including commissioning

Wastwater treatment works operation:Processes (provision under water law), maintenance, repair, sludge disposal

Monitoring

®Rainer Abendt

Laboratory

operating data

Demands on the sludge

Legal orders

secure disposal

government control

Automatic monitoring

Legal ordersPlanning

Accompany projects

Treatmentplant

(Process system)

Product 2 "Sludge"

Product 1 „Clean Water"Urban area

Evolution of water crowd:

- Sewer construction

Evolution in sewer network:- By-laws

Evolution of Water quality:

- Sewer operation

Electricalengineering

Automizitation

Machine engineering

Maintenance

Building

Administration

Personnel

Documentation

Financialmanagement

Monitoring

®Rainer Abendt

Demands on water quality (Europe):Demands on water quality (Europe):

COD

BOD5

Ammonia Ntot

PtotSuspended Solid

Monitoring

®Rainer Abendt

Monitoring

Mechanical Treatment (Nuremberg)

Influent

InfluentScrew Pumps

Air cleaner

Grit to disposal

Fat to digester

Primary Clarifiers

GritChamber

Mechanical Screens

Grit to disposal Sludge to digesterFerric chloride for phosphorus removal

®Rainer Abendt

Monitoring

Trickling filter

claryfierTrickling filter

Air

Air cleaner

Gravity Thickeners

®Rainer Abendt

Monitoring

Activated Sludge (BOD5)

Example for pure Oxygen(high loaded)

Pure Oxygen

Secondary Claryfiers

ScrewPumps

Gravity ThickenersSludge recirculation

®Rainer Abendt

Monitoring

2. Activated Sludge (N) (low loaded)

Carbon Substrate

NitrificationDenitrificationRecirculation

Sludge recirculationGravity Thickeners

Secondary Claryfiers

Activated Sludge

Pressed Air

®Rainer Abendt

Monitoring

Suspended solid is important because:

1 mg solid matter equivalent to:

0.3 - 1.0 mg BOD5

0.8 - 1.4 mg COD0.02 - 0.04 mg P0.08 - 0.1 mg N

®Rainer Abendt

Monitoring

Filtration (SS, N, P)

Carbon Substrate

Sludge to primary clarifiers

Pressed Air

Water for clean up

Discharge of cleaned water

Sand Filters(down stream)

®Rainer Abendt

Monitoring

Lab values are required for the management and

optimization.

®Rainer Abendt

Monitoring

Treatment plant system

Analysis volume (Lab value / on line - instruments)

Evaluation means

®Rainer Abendt

Monitoring

REC SAN VKB HLB SLB AWF

TST

01

02

30 44 50 61 34 62

03 04

35

0506

0708

09

1011

1213

14

15

64 66

51 52

68

37 38 63 39

41

23 24

25

36

43

42

19

16 17

40

26

27

31 E

E

E

PR 1 PR 2 PR 4 PR 5 PR 6 PR 7

PR 10

QP 34QP 35

QP 36

VOR

18

20

32

60 33

53 65

54 67

2221

E EE

PR 3QP 32 QP 33QP 37

Gas streams60 Air for grit chamber61 Exhaust from grit chamber62 Degassing in primary clarifier63 Production of oxygen64 Exhaust 65 Aeration BB66 Exhaust BB67 Scavenging aif for filters68 Exhaust from filter

Sampling (Symbols) Sampling station Sampling recipient

Receiving control

Sludge / Solid matter30 Surplus sludge KW II31 Propotioning turbidity water KW I32 Mechanical screen property33 Grit chamber property34 Turbidity water gravity thickener35 Wastewater fro sludgedryer36 Swimming matter outlet SF37 Swimming matter outlet SF + VKB38 Raw sludge outlet39 Activated sludge outlet HLB40 Activated sludge outlet SLB41 Sludge water AWF42 Emergency outlet VKB43 Outlet befor screen44 Sludge water AWF (KW II)

Chemikalien50 Iron salt pre-precipitation51 Iron salt simultaneous precipitation52 Flocculation matter53 Externel Substrate

54 Esternel Substrate (Methanol)

E

For balances sampling placePR_1 – Main inputPR_2 - Output VKBPR_3 – Special wastewaterPR_4 - Output VKBPR_5 - Input BZPR_6 - Output NKBPR_7 – Output Treatment plantPR10 – Turbidity water propotioning

QP32 - SubstrateQP33 - MethanolQP34 – Flocculation aidQP35 – Iron saline solutionQP36 – Iron saline solutionQP37 - Oxygen

wastewater01 First input02 Second input03 Input mechanical screen04 Input grit chamber05 Output grit chamber06 input primary clarifier VKB07 output VKB08 Input high loaded biology HLB09 Raw water avoidance10 Output secondary clarifier ZKB11 Input low loaded biology SLB12 Output secondary clarifier NKB13 Input sand filter14 Filter avoidance15 Discharge treatment plant16 Str.PW (AWF + EIN)17 Str.PW (SF)18 Special wastewater19 Special wastewater in KW I20 Special wastewater in B40/KW II21 Special wastewater in SLB22 Emergency outlet for special water23 Withdrawal for cooling water TST24 Return of cooling water (Ablauf)25 Return of cooling water (VKB)26 Water for cleaning stormwater tank RÜB27 Emergency avoidance

Short cutsAWF = Sand filterB40 = Turbidity water storageBZ = Input activated slugeDHW = Special wastewater HLB = high loaded biologyKW I = Treatment plant 1KW II = Treatment plant IIMP24 = Mixing sample 24 h (input proportional)NKB = Secondary clarifierPR = SamplingQP = Receiving controlPW = Pumping stationREC = ScreenerRÜB = Stormwater tankSAN = Grit chamberSEA = Sludge dewateringSF = DigesterSLB = Low loaded biologySP = Random sample (8:00 Uhr)TST = Sludge dryerÜS = SurplusVKB = VorklärbeckenVOR = mechanische ReinigungZKB = Zwischenklärbecken

®Rainer Abendt

Monitoring

Analysis volume (Lab value / on line - instruments)-- Lab value

- Continuous measurements of the lab

- Measurements in the company on site

®Rainer Abendt

Monitoring

Lab values

Lab values (total) 16.179 5.998

Weekly random sample

(e.g. DS matter in Activated sluge tanks, Microscope picture, etc.)

24 h Mixing sample

(e.g. Discharge monitoring COD etc.

Special tests(e.g. Input, Arrangement tests to

Inspectorate tests etc.)

Receiving control 0 290

Measurements in Nuremberg (2003)

858 5122

7

9.880 156

5.434 390

Edition of the inspectorate

40

Plant operation

2 h Mixing sample(e.g. Discharge monitoring COD etc.

®Rainer Abendt

Monitoring

totalon line instruments 8 13,3% 52 86,7% 60pH (con) 2 3,3% 0 0,0% 2Conductivity (con) 0 0,0% 2 3,3% 2

Temperature (con) 1 1,7% 3 5,0% 4Turbidity (con) 1 1,7% 4 6,7% 5

Dry matter value (con) 0 0,0% 10 16,7% 10Redox value (con) 0 0,0% 1 1,7% 1

UV-Extinction (con) 0 0,0% 3 5,0% 3O2 (con) 0 0,0% 1 1,7% 1

NH4-N (con) 1 1,7% 10 16,7% 11NOx-N (con) 1 1,7% 10 16,7% 11

TOC (con) 1 1,7% 4 6,7% 5

PO4-P (con) 1 1,7% 0 0,0% 1

Ptot (con) 0 0,0% 4 6,7% 4

Edition of theinspectorate Plant operation

(2003)Continuous measurements of the lab

®Rainer Abendt

Monitoring

EIN HLB SLB AWF Labor

Height of sludge surface 35 12 23 31 2 101 ( 13,1% )

Flow measurement 16 13 51 10 7 90 ( 11,7% )Mass flow Weight measurement

5 3 1 0 0 9 ( 1,2% )

Pressure measurement 12 6 9 35 0 62 ( 8,1% )Rev counter measurement 3 0 1 0 0 4 ( 0,5% )Quality measurement 8 5 0 0 59 13 ( 1,7% )Oxygen probe 0 16 30 0 1 46 ( 6,0% )Electricity ammeter 9 31 6 4 0 197 ( 25,6% )Switch (Pressure, Overcharge securing etc. 91 54 25 27 16 50 ( 6,5% )

Calculated values 27 21 32 27 0 197 ( 25,6% )

206 161 178 134 85

( 26,8% ) ( 20,9% ) ( 23,1% ) ( 17,4% ) ( 11,1% )

Total(May 2003)

769Total probes (Water flow KW I)

Measurements in the company on site

®Rainer Abendt

Monitoring

Different evaluate methods - Discussion of measure lines - Calculated values, e.g. calculation of load, reaction rates etc. - Statistical evaluation - Correlation of measured values - Calculation of economy

®Rainer Abendt

Monitoring

Discussion of measure lines - Usual working method for the observation of the plant on the process control system (real time) - Optimization of automatic controller (on line, 1 min average off line) - Breakdown consideration (real time, 15 min average off line) peak loads (15 min average off line) - Year measuring lines (conzentration, load random samples, off line 24 h average sample, 8 h average, 24 h average)

®Rainer Abendt

Monitoring

Computed values, e.g. calculation of load, reaction rates etc.

- Computed values for plant optimization / rating (off line 15 min AV, 24 h AV) - Basis for further evalation (24 h AV) - Standardization of the biological reaction activity to DS-salary and temperature (=> reaction rate) - Definition of order of reaction (=> Question formulation:

They are available for reserves in the system section?) - Rating for associated arrangements (15 min AV)

®Rainer Abendt

Monitoring

Statistical evaluation

- Are determined: Average (annual mean) standard deviation, 15 % und 85 % - Percentil - value for day load and concentration (basis Lab values) - Computed values over years / values considers more than

10 years - Occured in special cases ascertaining over Lab and on line values (temporary!) - Computing of added curves and distributions for special question formulations (e.g. efficiency)

®Rainer Abendt

Monitoring

Correlation of measured values

- Inspection of use of comparative value (on line) for not automatized measurements; e.g.

UV-probe => TOC, BOD5, CODTurbidity => FS, DS-Salary

- Estimate of cross influencing of probe measurements

FS = filtrated solid; DS = dissolved solid

®Rainer Abendt

Monitoring

Calculation of economy - Purchase of chemicals - Definition / frame determination of operating conditions and formulation of destinations of the operating optimization - Decision aid for construction of parts of treatment plants

®Rainer Abendt

Monitoring

®Rainer Abendt

Monitoring

My experiences as plant manager over 30 years:

The the staff needs continuous measured values those show the actual state (see table „Continuous measurements of the lab“).

But the best measuring instrument is the engaged and well developed employee. He has the best remote sensing:

- Nose for smell: every system section smells different. You can already recognize by odour whether the system section runs normal or there is a superload or an un-normal state. The employee can say with combined eyes where he is currently. He recognizes the place by odour.

®Rainer Abendt

Monitoring

- Ears for noises: Machines or mobile parts cause noises if they work. You can at the noise may recognize, whether every ok is, or a damage announces itself.

- Eyes for see:Is a plant in normal state?Coloring the water announces whether the activation works well or you have a superload or an un-normal state. The sludge on the water (color and crowd) tells you if the operating state is good.The microscopic picture shows whether enough oxygen is in water, etc.

- Brain (Computer) for react:The employee can immediately intervene into the procedure.He can ward off dangers and costs with his experience.

®Rainer Abendt

Monitoring

Which training is required in order to appertain to a good staff?

Vocational training!