Introduction to ArcGISDr. Harut ShahumyanSusanne Schmidt

June 15-18 2009June 15 18, 2009

ArcGIS Desktop Product Levels

ArcView ArcEditor ArcInfo• GIS toolkit for data

use, mapping, reporting, and map-

• ArcView functionality –PLUS advanced

• ArcEditor functionality –PLUS additional

based analysis geographic editing and data creation

geoprocessing tools

ArcGIS Desktop Components

• ArcMap• ArcMap– Creating maps – Viewing, editing, and analyzing geographic data– Querying spatial data to find/understand relationships among geographic

features– Symbolizing datay g– Laying out and printing maps

A C t l• ArcCatalog– is the tool for browsing, organizing, distributing, and documenting GIS data

• ArcToolbox– collection of geoprocessing functions / tools

ArcGIS Desktop Extensions

• Optional extensions with advanced functionality are available for ArcGIS Desktop

– Spatial Analyst– Network Analysty– 3D Analyst– Business Analyst

etc– etc

ArcCatalog

• Exploring maps, tables, meta data

C i i i d l ti d t t• Copying, moving, renaming, deleting datasets

• Creating datasets

• Start ArcMap or ArcToolbox

ArcCatalog versus Windows Explorer

• In Windows Explorer (My Computer) navigate to the directory F:\Intro_ArcGIS– How many files are associated with the Airports ?

• Now open ArcCatalog– Navigate to the same directory, how does ArcCatalog display

Airports ?Airports ?

ArcCatalog Folder Connection

To access the data in a folder orTo access the data in a folder or geodatabase, a connection has to be established.

1. To establish the connection, click on the Connect to Folder button.

2. In the Connect to Folder wizard, navigate to the folder or

d t b th t t i th d tgeodatabase that contains the data (F:\Intro_ArcGIS) and click OK.

ArcCatalog View Types

There are three different types of views for data display – Contents– Preview– Metadata

Main menu

View TypeStandard

Catalog

yptoolbar

Catalog Tree Display

Preview Type

Geographic Data

• Vector – Points – Lines – Polygons

• Raster• Raster– Surface divided into

regular grid of cells

Attribute Data

• Usually data attributed to geographical object or location (Name of a mountain, street address, monthly income, population)mountain, street address, monthly income, population)

• Stored in spatial datasets or external databases (dbf, MS Access, SQL)• Is a key to query and analysis

Practice

Take a minute to familiarise yourself with ArcCatalogTake a minute to familiarise yourself with ArcCatalog

– You can:• View/check datasets• Set general parameters• Create rename delete move datasetsCreate, rename, delete, move datasets

– You can consider it like a ‘Windows Explorer’ for spatial data…

ArcMap

• ArcMap is an application for displaying and analyzing GIS data.

• The application window consists of:• The application window consists of:– Map display area

– Table of contents (TOC)( )

– Menus, tools and buttons

MenuButtons

Tools

TOC Map Display

Adding Data

A Layer is a digital spatial dataset that has been added to a data frame and that hasa data frame and that has specific properties.

Layers can be added to a data frame either using the Add Data button in the map or byData button in the map or by right clicking on the data frameand then clicking the Add Data menu.

Working with Layers

• Layers drawing order– Within a data frame, the layers listed at the

top will draw over those listed below them, and so on, down the list

C i l• Copying layers– With simple copy/paste operation

• Removing layers from the mapg y p– Right click the layer, select Remove

• Grouping layersHold the Ctrl key and highlight multiple– Hold the Ctrl key and highlight multiple layers in the table of contents

– Right-click one of the chosen layers– Click Group (a new group layer appears– Click Group (a new group layer appears– in the table of contents containing the

selected layers

• Saving a layer to a disk• Saving a layer to a disk– In the table of contents, right-click the layer

and click Save As Layer File.

Working with Layers

Using data frames to organize layers

• Adding data frames– Click the Insert menu

Click Data Frame– Click Data Frame– The new data frame will appear in the

table of contents

• Making a data frame active– Right-click the data frame in the table of

contentscontents.– Click Activate

Removing a data frame• Removing a data frame– Right-click the data frame in the table of

contents that you want to removeClick Remove– Click Remove

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Practice

• Add the following shapefiles to the project– Country– Counties– Lakes– TownsTowns

• Rename the layers data frame into “Ireland”• Insert new data frame and rename it to “World”• Add World.shp to the World data frame

Change Symbology (colour/outline)

Map Types

• Single symbol maps

• Unique values maps

• Quantities maps– Graduated color– Graduated symbol– Dot density

• Chart maps

• Multiple attribute maps

Single symbol maps

Unique Values Map

Quantities Maps

Chart Maps

Proportional chart map

Multiple attribute maps

No Specific Spatial LocationNo Specific Spatial LocationNot Helpful For “Relationship” Analysis

State subregion and population within subregion

Transparent Layers

• To create a transparent layer• To create a transparent layer

– Right-click the layer and click Properties– Click the Display tab– Enter the transparency value, in percent,

you wish this layer to be displayed with– Click OK– If you are uncertain how transparent you

want the layer, click Apply before OK, and keep changing the transparency valuekeep changing the transparency value before you close the Properties dialog box

Practice

• Create map of Greater Dublin Region (GDR) Electoral Divisions p g ( )(EDs) colored by population number in 2006.– Add GDR_EDs.shp

Go to Properties and change the Symbology to Quantities– Go to Properties and change the Symbology to Quantities

• Create Dot density map of GDR (1 dot = 100 people)

• Add the special protected areas (SPA.shp) and make it transparent in order to see the population densities bellowtransparent in order to see the population densities bellow

Layout

Layouts are used to communicate GIS information to non-GIS users.

To create a layout, click View/Layout View.

Layout Title

D tData Frame

North Arrow

Scale Bar

Legend

ChartTable

To insert these objects in a layout, use the Insert menu on the ArcMap document.

Practice

• Create layout with 2 maps: y p– map of Ireland showing counties in different colours with ED

borders – map of World zoomed to Europe showing place of Irelandmap of World zoomed to Europe showing place of Ireland

Working with Tables

Tables are arrays of data organized in rows and columns (i.e. fields)

Table can be:

Stand alone arrays of data with no geographic information included

Components of digital spatial datasets in which each row includes feature

shape and a unique identification number for each feature called FID.

Table Name Field Name FieldRight-click field name to get menu

FIDF t ShFeature Shape

RowRow

Table Properties

Table properties can be viewed using

Layer properties/FieldsLayer properties/Fields.

Primary properties are:Field nameField nameTypeLengthPrecisionScale

Properties that can be changed are:Properties that can be changed are:Visible (used to hide or unhide fields)Alias (display different name)

Visible and Alias do not modify the

table’s original data, but do affect how a

table is exported

Fields

• Fields have specific types available• Must be defined before use• Once defined, cannot be changed• Naming rules

N th 13 h t (10 i li i )– No more than 13 characters (10 in earlier versions)– Use only letters, numbers and underscore– Must start with a letter

Adding a field

Field Characteristics

L h f 10 Length = 10• Length of 10– The total characters a text field

can store

Length = 10Maple St.Maple Stre

• PrecisionTh t t l idth f di it

1561985 128– The total width of digits a

numeric field can store1985.128-1922.5600

• Scale– The number of decimal places 0.001

0.00001

Editing Values

Open Editor toolbar Start editing

Type edits in fields Save edits, stop editing

Sorting Tables

H ff i i l d• Has no effect on original data

Selecting Records

Show Selected

SQL Queries

E l f lid iExamples of valid queries

“POP1990” > 1000000

“County” = ‘Dublin City’

“County” = ‘Dublin City’ OR “County” = ‘Meath County’

"POP2000" >= "POP1990“

The Like Operator

• “NAME” LIKE ‘%(D)%’ ( )– Finds all of the (D) Democrats

• % is wildcard• Ignores Don or Danforth• Ignores Don or Danforth

“NAME” LIKE ‘%New %’ – Would find New Hampshire and New York,

but not Newcastle or Kennewick

Clear Selection

On toolbar From main menu

From table options menu

Field Statistics

Statistics

• Statistics for fields are based on the selected records

Calculating Fields

Add a new field if necessaryConsider whether you need decimal places!

Calculate Values

Right click field toRight-click field to calculate

Enter expression

Calculate Geometry

If you're working with an attribute table of a feature layer, you can easily calculate the area perimeter length coordinates of theeasily calculate the area, perimeter, length, coordinates of the centroid, coordinates of a point, or coordinates of a start or end point using the Calculate Geometry dialog box.

• Right-click on the “area”-field in gthe table:

Summarizing tables

• Calculate statistics for groups of features in a table• Groups by unique values in the specified field• User chooses statistics to calculate• Produces another table as output with groups and stats

Historic major earthquakes

Questions:

How many earthquakes in each state?

Total deaths and damage in eachTotal deaths and damage in each state?

Average magnitude in each state?

How to summarize

Right-click State fi ldfield

Sum Deaths

Sum Population

Average Magnitude

Summarize Output Table

Count field always generated automaticallyy

Joining tables

Summarize output table

States layer attributes

US Earthquake Deaths by State

Joining tables

Destination table Source tableDestination table Source table

Join tables on common fieldcommon field

3-51Joined table

Join facts

J i t l ti hi b t t bl• Joins are temporary relationships between tables• Tables must share a common field• Treats the two tables as a single tableTreats the two tables as a single table• Original stored data is not affected• Can be removed when no longer needed

However:T bl j i d t i ti f t b t t t h fil• Tables joined to existing features can be output to new shape files.

One-to-one joins

Destination table Source tableSource table

Each record in the destination table matches exactly one record in the sourceEach record in the destination table matches exactly one record in the source table.

We call this a cardinality of one-to-oneWe call this a cardinality of one-to-one.

Types of Cardinality

• One-to-one– Capitals to Countries

Cities to Mayors

• One-to-many– Counties to cities

Districts to schools– Cities to Mayors – Districts to schools

• Many to one • Many-to-many• Many-to-one– Towns to Counties– Schools to districts

• Many-to-many– Students to classes– Stores to customers

Rule of Joining

Each record in the destination table must match one and only one record in the source table.

One to one

Destination table Source table

Many to one

One to many

Destination table Source tableDestination table Source table

?

Violates the Rule of JoiningViolates the Rule of Joining

Record to join to destination is ambiguous

Must use a relate insteadMust use a relate instead

Relates

• Similar to a Join except that:

• The tables remain separate– Items selected in one table may be highlighted in the related table

Must have ArcInfo or Arc Editor License– Must have ArcInfo or Arc Editor License– More complicated. Must be well thought out!

States Related tables

Congressional Districtsg

How to join or relate tables

Practice

Create county layer for Greater Dublin region symbolized by population density in 2006

– Add Area field in GDR county layer and calculate the area values

– Summarize GDR ED attributes by county calculatingSummarize GDR ED attributes by county calculating summary population in 2006

– Join Summary table to GDR County layer– Add a new field named Density and calculate population

density values: Pop2006 / Area– Symbolise the layerSymbolise the layer

Spatial Joins

• Join two tables based on a common spatial relationship

– One feature inside another– One feature closest to another

• Creates a table join in which fields from one layer's attribute table are appended to another layer's attribute table based on th l ti l ti f th f t i th t lthe relative locations of the features in the two layers.

Spatial join (inside)

Join each well record to the record of the geology polygon that it falls insideinside.

4-62

Spatial join (nearest)

Join each ED to the hospital that is nearest it.

Each ED features gets name of closest hospitalname of closest hospital and the distance.

4-63

How to join

1. Right-click destination table

2. Set Join type to spatial

3. Choose source table

4. Choose join type

5. Specify output file

Practice

a) Find EDs where the number of national monuments is greater than 9.g

1. Load National Monuments Data2. Join Monuments points To EDs3. Select EDs with count of national monuments greater than 9

How many are they?

b) For each town find the closest Airport and the distance

ArcToolbox

Analysis Tools:Analysis Tools:Buffering, Intersecting, Clipping

Buffers

• Creates buffer polygons to a specified distance around the Input Features. An optional dissolve can be performed to remove overlapping buffersAn optional dissolve can be performed to remove overlapping buffers.

Practice

1. How many national monuments are within 5 km of Grand Canal?- Add layer “canals.shp”- Select Grand Canal over Attribute Table- Create buffer- Select by Location: which national monuments are completely withinSelect by Location: which national monuments are completely within

the buffer?

2 How many national monuments are within 15 km distance of2. How many national monuments are within 15 km distance of town Mayo?

3. What is the perimeter of the Mayo buffer in km?

Intersecting

• Computes a geometric intersection of the Input Features. Features or portions of features which overlap in all layers and/or feature classes will be

itt t th O t t F t Clwritten to the Output Feature Class.

Practice

1. Create a new Towns shape which includes ED attributes- Add layers “towns.shp” and “EDs.shp”- Intersect towns and EDs- Check the attribute table

2. Highlight the roads passing through Special protected areas (SPA.shp)

Clipping

• Extracts input features that overlay the clip features.

Practice

1. Create land cover map for Kildare County- Add layers “counties.shp” and “LandCover2000.shp”- Select Kildare county in attribute table- Clip Land cover map by county map

2. Create land cover map of Killarney National Park in Kerry County (SPA.shp)

Thanks

QUESTIONS?Thanks