dr david healy professor john sodeau dr stig hellebust dr daniela iacopino professor paul kaye dr...
TRANSCRIPT
Real-time spectroscopic measurements Real-time spectroscopic measurements of of PPrimary rimary BBiological iological AAerosol erosol PParticles in articles in
field & laboratory environments field & laboratory environments
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
• Dr David Healy• Professor John Sodeau• Dr Stig Hellebust• Dr Daniela Iacopino• Professor Paul Kaye • Dr Warren Stanley
• EPA (Ireland) for funding (STRIVE-CCRP)
Primary Biological Aerosol Particles/ Primary Biological Aerosol Particles/ PBAP? PBAP?
Where are they?
What are they?
• Bacteria, fungal spores, viruses, algae, plant and
animal fragments, and pollen are the most
common classifications of biological PM.
Classes of PBAP
POLLEN
BACTERIA VIRUSES
FUNGAL SPORES
ALGAE
PLANTDEBRIS
PBAP in Air Samples: FINE (PMPBAP in Air Samples: FINE (PM2.52.5))
FUNGAL SPORES, BACTERIA & SUB-POLLEN: CONTRIBUTE 12-22% TO ORGANIC
COMPOUNDS,OCRESPONSIBLE FOR 4-11% OF TOTAL MASS
Approximate chemical composition of URBAN fine Particulate Matter (PM) in the UK
PBAP in Air Samples: COARSE (PMPBAP in Air Samples: COARSE (PM1010) )
FUNGAL SPORES/SUB POLLEN
TROPICS URBAN
4-26% OC 2-14 % OC
1-18% TOTAL PM10
1-7% TOTAL PM10
Vienna Jianfengling Mountain
PBAP in Air Samples: ULTRACOARSEPBAP in Air Samples: ULTRACOARSE
POLLEN / LARGE SPORES
Traditional PBAP CharacterizationTraditional PBAP Characterization
POLLEN
PBAP CharacterizationPBAP Characterization? ? Where are they?
There must be another way?
Fluorescence Properties of PBAP
• PBAP are known to fluoresce because they contain intrinsic bio-fluorophores such as Trytophan, NADH and the Flavinoids.
Intrinsic Fluorescence of PBAPIntrinsic Fluorescence of PBAP
Chlorophyll B peaks
Intrinsic Fluorescence of PBAPsIntrinsic Fluorescence of PBAPs
Real-time PBAP Characterization: WIBS4Real-time PBAP Characterization: WIBS4
•Single particle analysis.
Bio-particle detection and discrimination
based on fluorescence. ( PBAP v Chemicals)
•Excitation occurs at 280nm and 370nm. Fluorescence captured at (300-400 & 420-
650nm)
•635 nm diode laser Determination of size and shape (Af values)
•Time-resolution of secs-msecs
Side scatter
54°-126°
Forward scatter6°-25°
Xe2 (370nm
)
Xe1 (280nm
)
Diode Laser 635n
m
Beam dump
Aerosol in
FL2 (~420-650nm)
FL1 (~300-400nm)
Copyright: Dr W Stanley
Wide-Issue Bioaerosol Sensor
Weather Station
Killarney National Park (Co. Kerry, Ireland) Killarney National Park (Co. Kerry, Ireland) February/March 2010 CampaignFebruary/March 2010 Campaign
The canopy in the stand is strongly dominated by: Taxus baccata (Yew) . Along with Corylus avellana (common
Hazel) IIex aquifolium (European Holly), Fraxinus excelsior (Ash).
The ground of this wood is generally covered by an extensive bryophyte
carpet and is species-poor in terms of vascular plants.
60 acres of “pure” Yew woodland known as Reenadinna
SporeWatch
WIBS 4
106,028 particles observed 3-30 106,028 particles observed 3-30 m m range range
3. Two big events: large (>20m) on 28/02 and small particles on 01/03 (identified as dust from construction – excluded from further analysis)
2. Nothing observed at night-time (<3m)
1. Large particles (>20 m) peak mid-day
Filtering the data to distinguish Filtering the data to distinguish PBAPPBAP
By thresholds – 5 filters:•Fluorescence channels (300-400nm) and (420-650nm) •Size range, e.g. > 20 m•By asymmetry, e.g. spherical or rod-like•Fluorescence ratios, normalised to size and Af value
Example: Dust particles are large but non-fluorescent; oil droplets fluorescent but smallThen multivariate analysis, e.g. PCA
Particles > 20Particles > 20μμmmN
F (c
m-3
)
“Pollen” events
POLLEN EVENTS1 and 2
Pollen event No. 1Pollen event No. 1
Pollen Event Date Start time Finish time
No. 1 27/02/2010 10:58.12 17:55.54
Pollen event No.1.......is mainly YEW pollen with some Hazel
WIBS 4
SporeWatch
2 hour resolution
Seconds resolution
11.0018.00
Pollen event No. 2Pollen event No. 2
Pollen Event Date Start time Finish time
No. 2 28/02/2010 11:44.49 16:26.55
Pollen event No.2.......is mainly YEW pollen
WIBS 4
SporeWatch
2 hour resolution
Seconds resolution
11.45 16.30
Descriptive Statistics for Yew pollen Descriptive Statistics for Yew pollen in-flightin-flight
Size AF TOF FL1_280 FL2_280 FL2_370
Mean 26.70 18.75 8.75 973.17 2044.73 1954.31
Median 26.85 17.57 8.75 892.00 2077.00 1967.00
Mode 30.55 19.86 8.94 2116.00 2077.00 1967.00Standard Deviation 2.60 7.95 0.67 398.42 141.47 109.98Sample Variance 6.78 63.18 0.45 158741.33 20012.89 12096.67
Kurtosis -0.32 0.52 2.01 0.35 50.59 169.67
Skewness -0.36 0.65 -0.34 0.73 -6.36 -12.27
Range 11.94 48.27 5.56 2094.00 1706.00 1713.00
Minimum 18.61 1.01 5.46 22.00 371.00 254.00
Maximum 30.55 49.27 11.02 2116.00 2077.00 1967.00
Count 582 582 582 582 582 582
Yew PollenYew Pollen
• In Literature Yew Pollen is described as spherical and is seen to be on average 27µm in diameter.
• WIBS 4 indicates that Yew pollen have a mean size of 27 μm and an Af value of 20 measured in-flight.
• Number concentrations varied in the range between
4.70× 10-3 and 0.9 cm-3 for particles between 3-31 μm
• Yew pollen went to flight as soon as atmospheric pressure rose to above 995 Mb, air temperature went over 8 °C, and humidity decreased to less than 70% during the campaign.
Conclusions Conclusions
Thank you Thank you