Dr. Alan MantoothDistinguished ProfessorUniversity of Arkansas

Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era

H. Alan Mantooth

21st Century Endowed Chair in Mixed-Signal IC Design & CAD

Distinguished Professor of Electrical Engineering

Executive DirectorNational Center for Reliable Electric Power Transmission

NSF Center for GRid-connected Advanced Power Electronic SystemsNSF Vertically Integrated Center for Transformative Energy Research

February 12, 2013

Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era

Inaugural SEC Symposium

Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era

Outline

What IS Smart Grid?

The Role of Power Electronics

Emphasis of UA-USC Collaborations

Power Electronics for Distributed Generation

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Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era

Significance of Electric Power4

Source: National Academies

Power Electronics

Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era

Conventional power systems have four main components:

Generation: Production of electricity from other forms of energy

Transmission: Transmission of electric power from generators to distribution system; includes power stations and transmission lines

Distribution: Connection of power lines to end users or consumers

Consumers: Use the energy obtained from the previous process

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Conventional Power Systems

WIND AND SOLARFARMS

GENERATION TRANSMISSION

CONSUMERS

DISTRIBUTION

Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era

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TOTAL ENERGY97.3 Quadrillion BTUs Processed55.6 Quads Lost as Energy Waste= 57% Energy Waste

Livermore Labs: https://flowcharts.llnl.gov/

State of the U.S. Energy Industry

ELECTRICITY39.2 Quads Generated26.6 Quads Lost= 68% Electric Waste

Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era

Factors Influencing Smart Grid7

Smart Grid

Policy

Regulatory

StandardsEconomics

Environment

Societal

Security

StorageRenewables

Electronics

Politics

Electrical energy demand is risingFossil fuel costs are rising

Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era

Why Pursue a Smart Grid?

Smart grids appear as a prevalent answer to create more efficient and sustainable energy systems, improve reliability and resiliency, maintain our standard of living, and address environmental concerns.

Satisfy the growing electricity demand

Monitor grid status and collect data from the grid

Optimize and control the produced power

Modernize and upgrade the transmission and distribution system

Enhance reliability, resiliency, sustainability and security of the grid

Minimize grid operation interruptions and blackouts

Integrate renewable sources with the energy market

Address environmental issues and respond to new energy policies

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Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era

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CENTRAL POWER PLANTS

PUMPED STORAGEOR CAES

SOLAR FARM

ENERGY STORAGE

FLYWHEEL, SMES, EDLCSYSTEMS

BUILDINGS

INDUSTRIAL PLANTS

HOUSES

WIND FARM

Power network

Communication network

PMU

SMART GRID CONTROLLER

PMU

SMARTMETER

What Is the Smart Grid of the Future?

SMARTMETER

SMARTMETER

SMARTMETER

SMARTMETER

SMARTMETER

SMARTMETER

SMARTMETER

SMARTMETER

Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era

Body Analogy

Bones = existing electric power grid

Central nervous system = communications

Muscle = power electronics

Lifeblood, heart, and soul = engineers!

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GRid-connected Advanced Power Electronic Systems(GRAPES) – An NSF I/UCRC

Power Electronics: The Muscle of the Smart Grid

NSF Showcase

May 16, 2012

Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era

Power Electronic Applications12

ELECTRICITY GENERATION

CO

MM

ER

CIA

L

RESIDENTIAL

IND

US

TR

IAL

Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era

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Community Energy Storage

Source: R. Hayes of AEP

Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era

State of the U.S. Energy Industry14

• Greater than 30% of all electricity generated is processed by power electronics and electric motor systems.

• Greater than $300 billion in energy is processed by power electronics and electric motor systems.

• Average power electronics system is 70-90% efficient (i.e. up to $60 billion in wasted energy annually).

Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era

GRAPES Mission and History

The mission of GRAPES is to accelerate the adoption and insertion of power electronics into the electric grid in order to improve system stability, flexibility, robustness and economy.

UA and USC faculty have worked together successfully for more than a decade

Started GRAPES in 2009

Why did we start GRAPES?

Ans. Critical mass

Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era

Strategic Planning - Providing Ongoing Benefit to our Stakeholders

Strategic Plan focusing on 8 areas

Research foci are:• Distributed Energy Resources

• Demand Side Management

• Power Flow Control

• Power Electronic Modules

• Power Electronic Systems

Administrative foci are:• Recruitment

• Performing as a Model Organization

• Student Excellence

Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era

ComponentManufacturers

EquipmentProviders

Electric Utilities & Industrial Controls

Inductors

Capacitors

Switch GearProducts

End users of grid-connected advanced power electronic systems or demand-side controls

SystemRequirementsResearch

Iteration

Power Devices

Electronic Materials & Packaging

Modeling and Simulation

Circuit Design

Advanced Controls

Power Electronic Prototyping

System Analysis & Integration

Field Test and Evaluation

Vertically-Integrated Research

Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era

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Prototype Test & Evaluation Facility

7000 ft2 building $5 million test facility One-of-a-kind Cost-effective facility for

businesses, national labs, and universities

UL and IEEE Standards testing

Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era

UA Test Facility19

Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era

SiC Power Modules (actual photos) Collaboration with APEI, Rohm, Sandia Built, tested, demonstrated Operational to > 250 °C junction

Includes miniaturized integrated high temperature gate driver

R&D 100 Award Winner (2009)

MMC Baseplate

DBA Power Board

LTCC Driver Boards

Example Power Electronic Module

Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era

Solid-state Fault Current Limiter21

Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era

Early Impact

Optimized design over an R&D 100 Award winner!

Power Module Layout SynthesisScalable Smart Power Routing

DC and AC power routing between renewable sources, grid, and loads in residential, commercial & industrial

applications – allows islanding

Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era

Some Smart Grid Systems

Fault current limiter

Smart power routing

Interfaces to renewables (wind, solar)

Interfaces to storage (CES)

Electric vehicle charging & drive electronics

Transmission support

HVDC terminals

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Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era

Summary

Distributed Resources are the means by which the “evolution to revolution” can occur for our electric power grid• Resiliency

• Reliability

• Economy

• Efficiency

• Renewables

Power electronics are the muscle behind the smart grid• Condition, route, convert and shape the power for use

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Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era

IEEE Power Electronics for Distributed Generation 2013

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PEDG 2013 – July 8 - 11, 2013

• Expecting about 300 participants

• www.pedg2013.org

Key Dates

• Deadline for digests: March 1, 2013

• Notification of Acceptance: April 30, 2013

• Deadline for Final Manuscripts: May 31, 2013

John Q. Hammons Center, Rogers AR

Energy Delivery in the Smart Grid Era

Acknowledgements

SECU organizing committee

Sponsors: NSF, ONR, DARPA, DoD, DoE and lots of industry partners

Colleagues from a variety of institutions, but UA and USC first and foremost

The horses: our students!

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Dr. Alan MantoothDistinguished ProfessorUniversity of Arkansas