downscaling conﬁguraon of wrf weather …wakes.uma.pt/workshop/tutorial_wrf.pdfdownscaling...

DownscalingConfigura0onofWRFWeatherResearch&Forecas0ngModel

CCM,MadeiraUniversity,Funchal,MadeiraIsland,Portugal 21‐31July2008

Interna0onalWorkshopGeophysicalFluidDynamics:IslandWakeStudies

RicardoToméCCMMG,AzoresUniversity,PortugalCGUL/IDL,LisbonUniversity,Portugal

Layout1. Overview2. So2wareInstalla7on3. WRFPreprocessingSystem4. WRFModel5. Post‐ProcessingPrograms6. CaseStudy

DownscalingConfigura0onofWRF–WeatherResearch&Forecas0ngModel

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Overview


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Overview

WhatisWRF?• WRF:WeatherResearchandForecas0ngModel

• Usedforbothresearchandopera0onalforecas0ng

• It is a supported “community model”, i.e. a free and sharedresourcewithdistributeddevelopmentandcentralizedsupport

• Its development is led by NCAR, NOAA/GSD and NOAA/NCEP/EMCwithpartnershipsatAFWA,FAA,NRL,andcollabora0onswithUniversi0esandothergovernmentagenciesintheUS


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Overview

WhatareARWandNMM?• Advanced ResearchWRF (ARW) andNonhydrosta0cMesoscaleModel(NMM)aredynamicalcores

• Dynamical cores includesmostly advec0on, pressure‐gradients, Coriolis,buoyancy,filters,diffusion,and0me‐stepping

• ARWsupportanddevelopmentarecenteredatNCAR/MMM• NMMdevelopmentiscenteredatNCEP/EMC(NCAR/DTC)

• BotharedownloadableinthesameWRFtarballfile

• Physics, pre‐ and post‐processing soaware are shared betweenthedynamicalcores


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Overview

WhatcanWRFbeusedfor?• ARWandNMM

• Atmosphericphysics/parameteriza0onresearch• Casestudyresearch• Real0meNWPandresearchsystemresearch• TeachingdynamicsandNWP

• ARWonly• Regionalclimateandseasonal0mescaleresearch• Coupled‐model(e.g.ocean,chemistry)applica0ons• Idealized simula0ons at many scales (e.g. convec0on, baroclinic waves,largeeddysimula0on)• Dataassimila0onresearch


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Overview

WRFModelingSystemFlowChart(WRFV2)


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Overview

ModelingSystemComponents• WRFPre‐ProcessingSystem(WPS)

• Real‐datainterpola0onforNWPruns• ReplacesoldStandartIni0aliza0on(SI)

• WRF‐VarforARW(including3DVar)

• WRFModel(ARWandNMMdynamicalcores)• Ini0aliza0onprogramsforrealandidealizeddata(real.exe&ideal.exe)• Numericalintegra0onprogram(wrf.exe)

• GraphicsTools


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Overview

ARWDetails• Keyfeatures:

• Fullycompressibleandnon‐hydrosta0c(hydrosta0cop0onincluded)• Mass‐basedterrainfollowingcoordinate• ArakawaC‐GridStaggering

• 3rdOrderRunge‐Kuea0meintegra0onsheme• CompleteCoriolis,curvatureandmappingterms• Two‐wayinterac0ngnests(movingnests)

• Choicesoflateralboundarycondi0onssuitableforrealdataandidealizedsimula0ons• Fullphysics• Gridnudgingandobs‐nudging(FDDA)


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Overview

NMMDetails• Keyfeatures:

• Fullycompressibleandnon‐hydrosta0c(hydrosta0cop0onincluded)• Mass‐basedsigmapressurehybridterrain followingcoordinate (constantpressureabove400hPa)• ArakawaE‐GridStaggering

• Adams‐Bashforth and Crank‐Nicholson 0meintegra0onschemes• Highorderadvec0onscheme• Coriolis,Curvatureandmappingterms• One‐waynes0ng

• Choicesoflateralboundarycondi0onssuitableforrealdataandone‐waynes0ng• Fullphysics


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Overview

UserSupport• EMAIL:[email protected]

• UserWebPages:• ARW:hep://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/• NMM:hep://www.dtcenter.org/wrf‐nmm/users/

• Latestupdateforthemodelingsystem• WRFsoawaredownload• Variousdocuma0on(UserGuide,Technicalnotes,…)

• WRFUsersForum:hep://forum.wrfforum.com/


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Overview

WRFVersion3• Nes0ng&movingnests• GlobalWRF• Variable0mestepcapability• NewPhysicsOp0ons• Chemistry• GridandObs.Nudging• WPS(SIreplacement)• WRFDomainWizard• New/Enhancedsupport

• OceanMixedLayer?!?

So2wareInstalla7on


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SoawareInstalla0on

RequiredCompilersandScrip0ngLanguages• Fortran90/95Compiler• CCompiler• Perl

Required/Op0onalLibrariestoDownload• netCDF(hep://www.unidata.ucar.edu/)almostalwaysrequired• MPI(hep://www‐unix.mcs.anl.gov/mpi/mpich1/)• JasPer(hep://www.ece.uvic.ca/~mdadams/jasper/)• PNG(hep://www.libpng.org/pub/png/libpng.html)• zlib(hep://www.zlib.net/)


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SoawareInstalla0on

UNIXEnvironmentSerngs• WRF_EM_CORE1(ARWCore–Definesthecoretobuild)• WRF_NMM_CORE0(NMMCore–DefinesthecoreNOTtobuild)• WRF_DA_CORE0(Definesnodataassimila0on)• NETCDF<netcdfpath>(Definesthenetcdfloca0on)

• OMP_NUM_THREADSn(Specifythenumberofthreads)• MP_STACK_SIZE64000000(Setitlargetopreventblowups)


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SoawareInstalla0on

BuildingtheWRFCode• GettheWRFsourcecode(WRFV3.tar.gz)

• hep://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/download/get_source.html

• Unzipanduntarthefile(tarxzvfWRFV3.tar.gz)• cdWRFV3• configure

• compileem_real(forarealcase)• ls–lsmain/*.exe

• RealCasesBuild:ndown.exe,real.exeandwrf.exe• IdealCasesBuild:ideal.exeandwrf.exe

PleaseselectfromamongthefollowingsupportedplaJorms.

1.Linuxx86_64,PGIcompilerwithgcc(serial)2.Linuxx86_64,PGIcompilerwithgcc(smpar)3.Linuxx86_64,PGIcompilerwithgcc(dmpar)4.Linuxx86_64,PGIcompilerwithgcc(dm+sm)


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SoawareInstalla0on

BuildingtheWPSCode• GettheWPSsourcecode(WPSV3.TAR.gz)

• hep://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/download/get_source.html

• Unzipanduntarthefile(tarxzvfWPSV3.tar.gz)• cdWPS• configure

• compile• ls–ls*.exe

• geogrid.exe,ungrib.exeandmetgrid.exe

PleaseselectfromamongthefollowingsupportedplaJorms.

1.PCLinuxx86_64,Intelcompilerserial,NOGRIB22.PCLinuxx86_64,Intelcompilerserial3.PCLinuxx86_64,IntelcompilerDMparallel,NOGRIB24.PCLinuxx86_64,IntelcompilerDMparallel5.PCLinuxx86_64(IA64andOpteron),PGIcompiler5.2or

WRFPreprocessingSystem


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Introduc0on• TheWRFPreprocessingSystemisasetofthreewhosecollec0veroleistoprepareinputtotheWRFmodelforrealdatasimula0on.


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Func0onofeachWPSProgram(geogrid)• Definethesimula0ondomains,andinterpolatevariousterrestrialdatasetstothemodelgrids.


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Func0onofeachWPSProgram(ungrib)• Reads GRIB files, “degribs” the data, and writes the data in asimple format, called the intermediate format. This files contains0me‐varying meteorological fields. Reads both GRIB1 and GRIB2files.


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Func0onofeachWPSProgram(metgrid)• Horizontallyinterpolatestheintermediateformatmeteorologicaldataintothesimula0ondomainsdefinedbythegeogridprogram.MetgridoutputcanthenbeingestedbytheWRFrealprogram.


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RunningWPS(geogrid)• Step1:Definemodeldomains

Thecoarsedomainandanynesteddomainaredefinedinthe“geogrid”and“share”recordofthenamelist.wpsfile.

&sharewrf_core='ARW',max_dom=2,start_date='2008‐03‐24_12:00:00','2008‐03‐24_12:00:00',end_date='2008‐03‐24_18:00:00','2008‐03‐24_12:00:00',interval_seconds=21600,io_form_geogrid=2/

&geogridparent_id=1,1,parent_grid_ra0o=1,3,i_parent_start=1,31,j_parent_start=1,17,s_we=1,1,e_we=74,112,s_sn=1,1,e_sn=61,97,geog_data_res='10m','2m',dx=30000,dy=30000,map_proj='lambert',ref_lat=34.83,ref_lon=‐81.03,truelat1=30.0,truelat2=60.0,stand_lon=‐98.,geog_data_path='/mmm/users/wrhelp/WPS_GEOG/'/

geogrid.exe

Output:geo_em.dXX.nc


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RunningWPS(ungrib)• Step2:Extrac0ngmeteorologicalfieldsfromGRIBfiles

The first step in extrac0ng fields to the intermediate format involves edi0ng the“share”and“ungrib”namelistrecordsofthenamelist.wpsfile.


&ungribout_format='WPS',prefix='FILE'/

ln‐sungrib/Variable_Tables/Vtable.GFSVtablelink_grib.csh<fullpathtogribfiles>/gfs*ungrib.exe

Output:FILE:YYYY‐MM‐DD_HH


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RunningWPS(metgrid)• Step3:Horizontallyinterpola0ngmeteorologicaldata

In the final step ofWPS,meteorological data extracted by ungrib are horizontallyinterpolated to the simula0on grids defined by geogrid. In order to run metgrid, thenamelist.wps file must be edited. In par0cular, the “share” and “metgrid” namelistrecords.


&metgridfg_name='FILE',io_form_metgrid=2,/

metgrid.exe

Output:met_em.dXX.YYYY‐MM‐DD_HH:mm:ss.nc(ARW)

WRFModel


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WRFModel

Introduc0onTheWRFmodelhastwolargeclassesofsimula0ons:

• IdealIni0aliza0on• RealCases

Ini0al/BoundaryCondi0ons:• 1Dor2Dsounding(Simplifiedorography)• Realcasesrequirepreprocessing(WPSpackage)

• TheWRFmodelexecutable itself isnotalteredbychossingoneini0aliza0on op0on over another, but the WRF model pre‐processorsprograms,arespecificallybuilduponuser’sselec0on.


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WRFModel

Ini0aliza0onforRealDataCasesTherealdataWRFcasesarethosethathavetheinputdatatothe“real.exe”programprovidedby theWPSpackage.Thisdata fromthe WPS was originally generated from previously run externalanalysisorforecastmodel.

cdWRFV3/runln–s../../WPS/met_em*.

Makesureyoueditthefollowingvariablesinnamelist.inputfile:num_metgrid_levels:numberofincomingdatalevelseta_levels:modeleralevelsfrom1to0(notnecessary)start_*andend_*:startandend0mesfortheruninterval_seconds:inputdataintervalforboundarycondi0ons0me_step:Model0mestep(6*dx–inkm)w_ws,w_sn,e_vert,dx,dy:domaindimensionsandgriddistanceinmeters


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WRFModel

Ini0aliza0onforRealDataCasesreal.exe

Output:wrfinput_dXXandwr]dy_dXX

wrf.exe

Output:wrfout_dXX‐YYYY‐MM‐DD_HH_MM_SS


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WRFModel

ModelPhysicsMicrophysics(namelistop0on:mp_physics):

1.Kesslerscheme(WarmRain,i.e.noice–Idealizedcases)

2.Linetal.Scheme(Sophis0catedschemethathasice,snowandgraupel)

3.WRFSM3Scheme(Simpleefficientschemewithiceandsnow)

4.WRFSM5Scheme(Allowsmixed‐phaseprocessesandsuper‐cooledwater)

5.ETAMicrophysics(Efficientschemewithmixed‐phaseprocesses)

6.WRFSM6Scheme(Updatedversionofscheme4)

7.GoddardMicrophysicsScheme(Includesice,snowandgraupel)8.Thompsonetal.Scheme(Newschemewithice,snowandgraupel)

10.MorrisonDMScheme(Doublemomentice,snow,rainandgraupel)


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WRFModel

ModelPhysicsLongwaveRadia0on(namelistop0on:ra_lw_physics):

1.RRTMScheme(Accountsformul0plebands,tracegases,andmicrophysics)

3.CAMSheme(Allowsforaerosolsandtracegases–CAM3ClimateModel)

99.GFDLScheme(Mul0bandschemewithCO2,ozoneandmicrophysics)

ShortwaveRadia0on(namelistop0on:ra_sw_physics):1.DudhiaScheme(Simpledownwardintegra0on)

2.GoddardShotwave(Two‐streammul0‐bandscheme)

3.CAMScheme(Allowsforaerosolsandtracegases–CAM3ClimateModel)

99.GFDLScheme(ETAOpera0onalScheme)


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WRFModel

ModelPhysicsSurfaceLayer(namelistop0on:sf_sfclay_physics):

1.MM5Similarity(Monin‐ObukhovwithCarslon‐Bolandviscoussub‐layer)

2.ETASimilarity(Monin‐ObukhovwithZili0nkevichthermalroughnesslength)

7.Pleim‐XiuSurfaceLayer(?!?NEW?!?)

LandSurface(namelistop0on:sf_surface_physics):1.FiveLayerThermalDiffusion(Onlytemperature)

2.NOAHLandSurfaceModel(Temperature,moistureandsnow/frozensoilphysics)

3.RUCLandSurfaceModel(Temperature,moistureandsnow/frozensoilphysics)

7.Pleim‐XiuLandSurfaceModel(Twolayerwithvegeta0onandsub‐grid0ling)


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WRFModel

ModelPhysicsPlanetaryBoundaryLayer(namelistop0on:bl_pbl_physics):

1.YonseiUniversityScheme(Non‐localKprofilewithexplicitentrainment)

2.MYJScheme(1DTKEPrognos0cschemewithlocalver0calmixing)

7.ACMPBL(Nonlocalupwardmixingandlocaldownwardmixing)

99.MRFScheme(Non‐localKmixxedlayerwithimplicitentrainment)

Cumulus(namelistop0on:cu_physics): 1.Kain‐FritschScheme(Deepandshallowconvec0onsub‐gridscheme) 2.Bees‐Miller‐Janjic(Adjustmentschemerelaxingtowardsawellmixedprofile)

3.Grell‐Devenyiensemble(Mul0‐closure,mul0‐parameter,ensemblemethod)

5.Grell3DensembleScheme(Allowssubsidenceinneighboringcolumns) 99.Kain‐Fritsch(Sameas1butwithnoshallowconvec0on)

Post‐ProcessingPrograms


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CaseStudy


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WRFModel

ModelSetup4NestedDomainSetup(4:1ra0o) 1.120x120pts(64km) 2.161x161pts(16km) 3.241x241pts(4km) 4.281x281pts(1km)

ETOPO2/10mindatabaseECMWFAnalysis

04to09/March/200704to09/August/2003


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WRFModel

ModelSetupSTEP1–GRIDSETUP

Edit“share”and“geogrid”sec0onsofnamelist.wps

&sharewrf_core='ARW',max_dom=4,start_date='2006‐03‐01_00:00:00','2008‐03‐04_00:00:00','2008‐03‐04_00:00:00','2008‐03‐04_00:00:00',end_date='2006‐03‐01_18:00:00','2008‐03‐09_00:00:00','2008‐03‐09_00:00:00','2008‐03‐09_00:00:00',interval_seconds=21600io_form_geogrid=2,/

&geogridparent_id=1,1,2,3,parent_grid_ra0o=1,4,4,4,i_parent_start=1,40,50,65,j_parent_start=1,40,50,105,e_we=120,161,241,281,e_sn=120,161,241,281,geog_data_res='10m','2m','2m','2m',dx=64000,dy=64000,map_proj='mercator',ref_lat=32.50,ref_lon=‐16.50,truelat1=0.0,truelat2=0.0,stand_lon=0.0,geog_data_path='/home/rtome/Previsao/WPS/geog'/


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WRFModel



&share

wrf_core='ARW',max_dom=4,start_date='2006‐03‐01_00:00:00','2008‐03‐04_00:00:00','2008‐03‐04_00:00:00','2008‐03‐04_00:00:00',end_date='2006‐03‐01_18:00:00','2008‐03‐09_00:00:00','2008‐03‐09_00:00:00','2008‐03‐09_00:00:00',interval_seconds=21600io_form_geogrid=2,/


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WRFModel



&geogridparent_id=1,1,2,3,parent_grid_ra0o=1,4,4,4,i_parent_start=1,40,50,65,j_parent_start=1,40,50,105,e_we=120,161,241,281,e_sn=120,161,241,281,geog_data_res='10m','2m','2m','2m',dx=64000,dy=64000,

map_proj='mercator',ref_lat=32.50,ref_lon=‐16.50,truelat1=0.0,truelat2=0.0,stand_lon=0.0,geog_data_path='/home/rtome/Previsao/WPS/geog'/


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WRFModel



&geogrid

parent_id=1,1,2,3,parent_grid_ra0o=1,4,4,4,i_parent_start=1,40,50,65,j_parent_start=1,40,50,105,e_we=120,161,241,281,e_sn=120,161,241,281,geog_data_res='10m','2m','2m','2m',dx=64000,dy=64000,map_proj='mercator',ref_lat=32.50,ref_lon=‐16.50,truelat1=0.0,truelat2=0.0,stand_lon=0.0,geog_data_path='/home/rtome/Previsao/WPS/geog'/


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WRFModel



&geogridparent_id=1,1,2,3,parent_grid_ra0o=1,4,4,4,i_parent_start=1,40,50,65,j_parent_start=1,40,50,105,e_we=120,161,241,281,e_sn=120,161,241,281,geog_data_res='10m','2m','2m','2m',dx=64000,dy=64000,map_proj='mercator',ref_lat=32.50,ref_lon=‐16.50,truelat1=0.0,truelat2=0.0,stand_lon=0.0,

geog_data_path='/home/rtome/Previsao/WPS/geog'/


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WRFModel



&geogridparent_id=1,1,2,3,parent_grid_ra0o=1,4,4,4,i_parent_start=1,40,50,65,j_parent_start=1,40,50,105,e_we=120,161,241,281,e_sn=120,161,241,281,geog_data_res='10m','2m','2m','2m',dx=64000,dy=64000,map_proj='mercator',ref_lat=32.50,ref_lon=‐16.50,truelat1=0.0,truelat2=0.0,stand_lon=0.0,

geog_data_path='/home/rtome/Previsao/WPS/geog'/

geogrid.exe


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WRFModel

ModelSetupSTEP2–UNGRIBGLOBALDATA

Edit“share”and“ungrib”sec0onsofnamelist.wps


&ungribout_format='WPS',prefix='FILE',/


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WRFModel



&share




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WRFModel



&share



ungrib.exe


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WRFModel

ModelSetupSTEP3–HORIZONTALINTERPOLATIONTOOURGRID

Edit“share”and“metgrid”sec0onsofnamelist.wps


&metgridfg_name='FILE'io_form_metgrid=2,/


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WRFModel



&share




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WRFModel



&share



metgrid.exe


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WRFModel

ModelRunVERTICALINTERPOLATIONANDMODELRUN

&0me_controlrun_days=7,run_hours=0,run_minutes=0,run_seconds=0,start_year=2008,2008,2008,2008,start_month=03,03,03,03,start_day=04,04,04,04,start_hour=00,00,00,00,start_minute=00,00,00,00,start_second=00,00,00,00,end_year=2008,2008,2008,2008,end_month=03,03,03,03,end_day=09,09,09,09,end_hour=00,00,00,00,end_minute=00,00,00,00,end_second=00,00,00,00,history_interval=60,60,60,60,input_from_file=.true.,.true.,.true.,.true.,frames_per_ou�ile=21600,21600,21600,21600,restart=.false.,restart_interval_h=36,io_form_history=2io_form_restart=2io_form_input=2io_form_boundary=2debug_level=0auxinput1_inname="met_em.d<domain>.<date>"/

&domains0me_step=1800me_step_fract_num=00me_step_fract_den=1max_dom=4,s_we=1,1,1,1,e_we=120,161,241,281,s_sn=1,1,1,1,e_sn=120,161,241,281,s_vert=1,1,1,1,e_vert=30,30,30,30,num_metgrid_levels=22dx=64000,16000,4000,1000,dy=64000,16000,4000,1000,p_top_requested=5000grid_id=1,2,3,4,parent_id=0,1,2,3,i_parent_start=1,40,50,65,j_parent_start=1,40,50,105,parent_grid_ra0o=1,4,4,4,parent_0me_step_ra0o=1,4,4,4,feedback=1,smooth_op0on=00/


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WRFModel


&physicsmp_physics=1,1,1,1,ra_lw_physics=1,1,1,1,ra_sw_physics=1,1,1,1,radt=30,30,30,30,sf_sfclay_physics=1,1,1,1,sf_surface_physics=1,1,1,1,bl_pbl_physics=1,1,1,1,bldt=0,0,0,0,cu_physics=2,2,2,2,cudt=5,5,5,5,isfflx=1,ifsnow=0,icloud=1,surface_input_source=1,num_soil_layers=5,mp_zero_out=0,maxiens=1,maxens=3,maxens2=3,maxens3=16,ensdim=144,/


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WRFModel



real.exe

1.Ver0calInterpola0on


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WRFModel



real.exe

1.Ver0calInterpola0on

wrf.exe

2.WRFModel


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WRFModel

downscaling conﬁguraon of wrf weather …wakes.uma.pt/workshop/tutorial_wrf.pdfdownscaling...

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