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ocdameerTe
New 2000 plus
inglisuri enasabazo da saSualo safexuri
done 3
VIII klasi
moswavlis wigni
tatiana bukia
irina CiburdaniZe
konsultanti bari uotsoni
britaneTis sabWo
rekomendebulia erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centris mier.
inglisuri enis saxelmZRvanelo
sabazo da saSualo safexuri, done 3
(VIII klasi)
New 2000 Plusmoswavlis wigni
avtorebi: tatiana bukia, irina CiburdaniZe
konsultanti: bari uotsoni
britaneTis sabWo
mxatvari
sofa kinwuraSvili
saxelmZRvanelos Semadgeneli nawilebi:
1. moswavlis wigni
2. samuSao rveuli
3. testebi
4. maswavleblis wigni
5. CD
saavtoro ufleba © 2007 gamomcemloba “ocdameerTe”
yvela ufleba daculia
mesame gamocema 2009
ISBN 978-99940-979-6-8
gamomcemloba “ocdameerTe”
tel.: (8.32) 103.205. mob.: 877 742146 el. fosta: [email protected] gverdi: bukia21st,ge
Setting Out book 1-
24 plakati
da sityvebis
da suraTebis
baraTebi.
Unit 21U
Unit 16Unit16
in g li suri ena
saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebi 2009/2010 wlisTvis
ucxour enebSigamomcemloba
`ocdameerTe~
dawyebiTi skolisTvis,
swavlebis I da II wlebi
(III-IV klasebi),
“Setting Out” (BOOK 1- me-3 klasi da
BOOK 2 done d-2)
avtorebi:
tatiana bukia,
bari uotsoni
VII (done s-2),
VIII, IX klasebi,
swavlebis
III-V wlebi,
“New 2000 Plus”.
avtorebi:
tatiana bukia da
irina CiburdaniZe
(konsultanti
bari uotsoni)
X (done s-5), XI, XII
klasebi, swavlebis
VI-VIII wlebi,
“New Wave”.
avtorebi: lia
goqsaZe da Tamar
faRava
(konsultanti
britaneTis sabWo)
V -VI klasebisTvis,
swavlebis
I da II wlebi
- “2000 Plus”.
avtorebi:
tatiana bukia da
irina CiburdaniZe
(konsultanti
bari uotsoni)
done s-1 _ “Get Going!”
avtorebi:
tatiana bukia ,
patricia holi
franguli ena rusuli ena
germanuli ena
“Bonne Chance” - do ne s-2 av to re bi: ele ne ki la Ze,
iza jin ji xa Ze.
re daq to ri: Jan ba ti u.
“Natürlich Deutsch”do ne e bi s-2, s-3, s-4, s-5 (me-9, me-10,
me-11 da me-12 kla se bi).
av to re bi: li a na ja la Ro nia
da Tea ja Si aS vi li.
re daq to ri: mar g ret veg ma ni
“������ � ����” ru su li ena
dam wyeb TaT vis (me-3 klasi da d-2). av to re bi:
ma ri na bar se go va
da svet la na
bol da ko va.
“���� � ���� done s-2 (me-7),
me-8, me-9, me-10 da
me-11 klasebi
av to ri: svet la na
bol da ko va
sabazo/saSualo
skolis damwyebTaTvis, rogorc
II/III ucxo ena.
“Bonne Chance” - me-11 kla sis T vis,
av to re bi: ele ne ki la Ze,
na deJ pe Se, to ma ro mer
sad SeiZleba yidva1. Tbilisi, vagzlis moedani 2, miwisqveSa savaWro centri
“oqros birJa”, wignis maRazia “Tbiliselebi”.
� (8-32) 18-16-21 , 899 27-66-99, 899 79-49-39
2. Tbilisi, (gadasasvlel xidTan) cotne dadianis 43, saskolo
saxelmZRvaneloebis maRazia. Sps “primavera jorjia”. �
(832) 96-62-38, 899 17-63-07
Se niS v na: sko leb Si da ri ge bul buk le tebSi da Cve ni ga mom cem-
lo bis veb g ver d ze bukia21st.ge gan Tav se bu lia mi sa mar Te bi mTe-
li sa qar T ve los mas S ta biT, sa dac Se geZ le baT wig ne bis Se Ze na
Se da re biT Se Ra va Ti an fa seb Si.
dagvikavSirdiT _
gagiwevT konsultacias
dawereT werilebi Cvens
veb-gverdze, dagvisviT SekiTxvebi.
saxelmZRvanelos avtori gipasuxebT.
veb gverdi: www.bukia21st.ge el. fosta: [email protected]
cxeli xazi. telefonebi:
(8 32) 103-205; mob. 877.74.21.46
darekeT 9 dan 18 saaTamde.
6
PageUnit 1 OUR FUTURE
Lesson 1 Thoughts about tomorrow 7Lesson 2 What I will do when I grow up 12Lesson 3 Communication 16
Unit 2 STUDYING ABROADLesson 1 Youth exchange program 20Lesson 2 Meet the winner 25Lesson 3 American High School 28
Progress test 1 (Test booklet)Unit 3 BEING GREAT
Lesson 1 Build your own character 32Lesson 2 Great people of our day 36Lesson 3 Who looks on the bright side of things? 39
REVISION WHAT I KNOW SO FAR 132Unit 4 ENDANGERED SPECIES 43
Lesson 1 Keeping a balance in nature 44Lesson 2 Don’t kill sparrows 48Lesson 3 Dogs’ nature 52
Progress test 2 (Test booklet)Unit 5 A FEW REASONS FOR GOING TO SCHOOL
Lesson 1 How to do something on your own 56Lesson 2 How to work on a computer 60Lesson 3 A smart duck 63
Unit 6 KEEP FIT 66Lesson 1 Smoking is bad for health 69Lesson 2 Take care, be healthy 72Lesson 3 Build your bones 74
REVISION WHAT I KNOW SO FAR 134Progress test 3 (Test booklet)Unit 7 FOOD 78
Lesson 1 Georgian food 79Lesson 2 American schoolchildren’s lunch 83Lesson 3 Potluck 85
Unit 8 OUR ENVIRONMENT 89Lesson 1 Man and Nature 90Lesson 2 A driving incident 95Lesson 3 The Forty-niners 98
Progress test 4 (Test booklet)Unit 9 ART
Lesson 1 Special people on the earth 101Lesson 2 Kinds of music 105Lesson 3 The Empire State Building 108
REVISION WHAT I KNOW SO FAR 136Unit 10 SUMMER TIME
Lesson 1 The tanning culture 111Lesson 2 Religious songs 115Lesson 3 Long term effects of the Sun 119
Progress test 5 (Test booklet)Unit 11 WATER
Lesson 1 The importance of water 122Lesson 2 River water 126Lesson 3 The Abanotubani district 128
REVISION WHAT I KNOW SO FAR 139Year � nal achievement test (Test booklet)APPENDICES Revision: What I know so far 132
Key to What I know so far 141Notes for Units 142Grammar reference 144Irregular verbs 151Vocabulary 153
CONTENTS
7
UNIT ONE
Thoughts about tomorrow
1. What is the text about? (For this read the title, the � rst sentence of every paragraph and the last sentence of the text).2. Read silently. Choose one text which sounds like your tomorrow.
One day the teacher came into the classroom and said, “Write from � ve to ten sen-tences about tomorrow. Close your eyes. Imagine what you are going to do tomor-row, or what you would like to do. Then open your eyes and write.” Everybody did as they were told. This is what some of them wrote:
dapirde, fulis Segroveba,
ara aqvs mniSvneloba,
sul cota (...mainc), rogorc ki,
boroti, daxrCoba, damalva,
rigi, mkvleli, menaxire, venaxi.
3. Mamuka, aged 13
As soon as I closed my eyes, I began thinking about the kittens in my yard. A homeless cat had three kittens two days ago. The yard-keeper is a very cruel man. He wanted to drown them. He says there are too many home-less cats around. So two other boys and I decided to hide them and take care of them. They’re growing very fast. Before school I’m going to take some milk to them so that they don’t mew and the yard-keeper does not hear them. Tomorrow morning it’s my turn to do it. Then, after school, I have to go for my music lesson, and after that to the gym. Then I have to do my lessons, and if I have time I’ll prob-ably read a book. The book I’m read-ing now is really interest-ing. It is a detective story, about the great detective Sherlock Holmes. I hope he can � nd the murderer soon, and I can’t wait to read who it is.
2. Maya, aged 14 The � rst thing that I think of is I have to get up early tomorrow. Before school I have to exercise. I bought a new aerobics video for exercising. So if I wake up in time I’ll ex-ercise in the morning. I love aerobics. It is much more fun than training in the gym. Af-ter school I think I’ll go to visit my friend. She had an operation a week ago, after a car crash. So I try to visit her as much as I can. I’ll tell her what’s going on in school, about our lessons, so that she knows what we’re doing in class. When I get home I’ll prob-ably do my lessons. In the evening I’m going to help Mum with the cooking. She comes home from work very tired. So I usually help her, at least twice a week, whenever I can.
LESSON 1
While reading, � nd the English words for
1. Ia, aged 14
I can’t wait till tomorrow comes. My mother
has promised to take me to a shop so that I can
choose any shoes I like. Besides, I have some
more money – 15 Laris. I have saved it. Now I
can spend it. So I’m going to buy a scarf with
my money. In the evening I’m going to the thea-
tre with my friends. I don’t know what is on. It
doesn’t matter. I’ll wear all these new things. I
can’t think about anything else now.
UN
IT O
NE
OUR FUTURE
UNIT ONE
8
3. Find the text in which they speak about:
a) chickens and cows ......b) a cruel yard-keeper ...... c) training in the gym .......
d) a car accident ..............e) saving some money ..... f) cooking .......
g) taking turns to do some work ....h) reading a detective story ......... i) vineyard .........
4. Match the words in the two languages. Call out the sentences from the text. (Or do it in pairs). One is extra.
it doesn’t mattervineyardcowherdmurderermy turncruel
drownhideas soon assave moneypromiseat least
ara aqvs mniSvneloba
boroti
venaxi
Cemi rigi
menaxire
mkvleli
daxrCoba
damalva
meezove
sul cota (...mainc)
fulis Segroveba
dapirde
rogorc ki
5. Mark at least one thing that you will do tomorrow which is different from the text you have chosen. Compare with your partner.
6. True or False? Two of these sentences are false. Find them. Copy them and write why they are not true. Read to the teacher. Model: ____ is false, because ____________ .
Mamuka is a kind boy.Mamuka doesn’t like reading.Beso is a hard-working boy.Mamuka studies music.Beso doesn’t have much time for fun.
Ia’s interest is wearing new clothes.Ia exercises in the morning.Maya is friendly.Maya takes care of her body. Ia is going shopping on her own.
7. Write down short answers to these questions. Then choose 4 of your answers and read them to your partner. He will listen and tell you the numbers of the questions. Example: Answer: 15 laris. Question: Number 1.
4. Beso, aged 14 I don’t have to close my eyes to imagine tomorrow. To-
morrow I’m going to do exactly the same things I do every
day. I have to get up very early. Perhaps I’ll help Mum to
feed the chickens and milk the cow. We have to milk her and
then take her into the � eld. There’s a cowherd who takes
care of her when she’s in the � eld, so that she doesn’t get
lost. After school I think I’ll probably help Dad in the vine-
yard. He asked me if I could help him. It is autumn now, so
he is working a lot in the vineyard. I think I’ll do my lessons
in the evening. Usually I cannot watch TV or read in the
evening in autumn. I’m usually very tired. So in the evening
I think I’ll fall asleep at once.
LESSON 1
1.How much money has Ia saved? ............................................................................2.What is Ia going to buy with the money? ................................................................3.What is Ia going to wear tomorrow? .......................................................................4.What does Maya do before school? .......................................................................5.Who was injured in a car accident? ........................................................................
9
UNIT ONE
6.How old are the children? .......................................................................................7.What did two boys decide to do with the kittens? ..................................................8.Where is Mamuka going after school? ..................................................................9.Why can’t Beso watch TV in the evening? ............................................................10.Who is going to feed the chickens? .....................................................................
Fast reading8. Write 6 words.
yvinedar, rowhecd, leucr, wonrd, dihe, asev.
9. a) In pairs. Ask and match the words and de� nitions. Example: How do we describe a clever person? – b. ______________
clever stupidlazy hard-workinggenerous
a. A person who is slow to learn and understand things.b. A person who does things himself and does not need help c. A person who does not work, who likes to do nothing,d. A person who can easily and quickly understand everythinge. A person who is ready to give freely.
More words
b) Complete the following situations with the words above. Call them out.A. Temuri reads a math problem again and again. Then he thinks: “I can’t do this math prob-
lem. I don’t understand it. I’ll ask Nodar to explain it to me. He knows everything. He’ll be able to do it.” Nodar is ___________ .
B. When Mum came home after work she saw that there were a lot of dirty dishes in the kitchen, there were clothes on the chairs and on the sofa, Mary’s bed wasn’t made, her schoolbag was on the table and she was lying on the sofa and watching TV. Mary is _______________ .
C. Levan had to translate a very dif� cult English text. He didn’t know many of the words in it. Levan spent two evenings � nding the words in his dictionary. Then he spent two more evenings translating the text. Levan is ________________ .
D. Gio’s friend Nika was in town for two days only. He wanted very much to go skiing with other boys, but he didn’t have skis. Gio gave him his skis, he thought he could go skiing another time. Gio is ___________ .
E. “Dato, how many times have I told you! You must not cross the street where there is no crossing, or when the traf� c light is red for pedestrians. You should use the underground crossing. One day you’ll be hit by a car. ” Dato didn’t listen to his father. Now he is in hospital. A car hit him when he was crossing the street last week. Dato is __________.
Read quickly. 10. In each line underline the word which means the same as the � rst word. The � rst line is done for you.
murderercrueldrown promiseas soon asvineyardexercise v.crash n.
detectivekindbringsaywherecucumberarrivetravel
artistnot kindwatertakewhenappletraincry
actorexcitedkillgivewhygardenhurryknock
killercoolthrowsendtimefruitleaveaccident
LESSON 1
UNIT ONE
10
13. In pairs. Choose one conversation, take a minute to memorise it and act it out.
12. Match the dialogues with the texts of the lesson. There are two to match one.
D. _______________- Autumn is a great time,
but so much work to do!- People in town don’t
understand it.- Autumn or winter is the
same for them.- Today there’s work in
the vineyard, and in the garden too.
- I’ll help you, after school.
- That’s after 2 o’clock? Too late. My day starts at 6, not 9, like yours.
- O.K. Dad, I’ll help you before school.
E. _________________(Yard-keeper) - Again kittens!! So many
homeless cats around! (Boys, to each other)- We have to feed the
kittens at least four times a day. They’ll mew if they’re hungry, and the yard-keeper will � nd them.
- Right. Tomorrow morn-ing, before school, I’ll bring some milk.
- Let’s take turns. I’ll do it in the afternoon.
- Good. I have a music lesson, and then – gym after school. So I’ll do it in the evening.
- O.K.
C. _________________- Can I help you?- Yes, please. We’re looking for a
pair of shoes for this young girl.- Come this way, please. Do
you want � ats or high heels?- Mum, high heels, please.
I like these brown shoes, they’re not very high.
- How much are they?- 59 laris.- Try them on. Do they � t?- Yes. They’re just my size.
Thank you, mum.- Here’s 60 laris. - Here’s your change.- Thank you. Goodbye.
A. __________________________- Mum, will you please wake me up
at 7.15 tomorrow?- Sure, but why so early?- There’s aerobics program on T.V. at 7.25.
I’ll do aerobics with them. It’s fun. And I want to keep � t.
- O.K. And what time will you come from school?
- Do you want me to help you with cook-ing? I’ll do it in the evening, I promise.
- Good. Go to sleep now. - Good night.- Good night.
B. __________________________A telephone ringing.- Hello. Yes, it’s me. How’re you, Teresa?- Fine, thanks, and you?- I can’t wait till tomorrow comes. Are you
also coming to the theatre?- What’s on?- I don’t know. But I just want to go out. - O.K.Who else is coming? - I think there are � ve or six of us. - Sounds great. Have we got the tickets?- Not yet, but I don’t think it’s a problem.
Let’s meet at the box-of� ce.- All right. See you tomorrow, then.- See you.
11. Choose a word from the box below to � ll the gaps. Then listen and check. Example: 1.I’ll help Maya with exercises.
is going have to wants ’ll help goes to wear ’ll read 1. Perhaps I .......................................... Maya with English grammar exercises. 2. Tina is going ........................................... her new dress to the theatre.3. Mum .......................................................... to bake cookies for evening tea.4. Dad is working a lot in the vineyard, so I ........................ take care of � owers.5. If Rezo has time in the evening, he .......................................... a detective. 6. On Thursday Anne ............................. to the music lesson and then to the gym.
LESSON 1
11
UNIT ONE
15. In pairs. a) Choose from list A what you will do or what you won’t do tomorrow. You may begin your sentence with one of these phrases: I think / I don’t think I’ll..., I’ll probably / I probably won’t..., Perhaps I’ll / Perhaps I won’t... Example: I think I’ll visit my friend. b) Choose from list B a reason for each of your choices. Write at least three sentences. Tell your partner why you are going to do the things Example: I’m going to visit my friend because he is sick.
Abuy some new shoes, wear some new clothes, go to the movies, do some exercises in the morning, read a book in the evening, help mum, watch TV bring a kitten home help my brother with his math do my lessons in the evening, go to bed early
14. Read the text that you have chosen again. Underline the sentences expressing future time. How is it expressed?
FUTURE TIMEFor future action use the future simple tense or “to be going to...” ( = planning)Example: I will teach little kids math. I am going to be a teacher. Read Grammar Reference
FUFo( =ExR
Remember
REVI
SIO
N
Bmy friend is sick.I’m very tired.I love animals.I’m busy in the afternoon my feet have got bigger.I have three pairs of shoes.I’m going to the party.I have to get ready for the English test.I want to be � t.there is a new � lm on.nothing interesting is on.mum is against it.he must do it himself
16. a) Make at least 3 questions about the future with why and answers with because. Then match the questions (column 1) and the answers (column 2). Example: Question: you, stay, school, after classes; Answer: train, in the gym – Why will you (or: are you going to) stay at school after classes? - Because I’m going to train in the gym.
1. 21. Ia, go, shop, tomorrow 2. Maya, get up, early, in the morning3. can’t, Tatia and Mamuka, stay, with us, next weekend4. the kids, take, milk, to the kittens5. your brother, learn, French6. Beso, won’t watch, TV, in the evening7. you, took, the glue, from my drawer
a. do, lessons b. buy, new shoes c. make, paper puppetd. work, France, next yeare. exercisef. see, grandmother, villageg. feed them
17. Write a little note to a friend about what
you are or you are not going to do tomorrow and why. You can use this model:
18. In pairs. Compose a conversation (use conversations in ex. 12). Take some time to memorise it. Act it out in class.
(Date) __________________Hi, ___________, I know that we agreed to _____But I think _______________, Because ________.See you __________, All the best, __________
Grammar 1
UNIT ONE LESSON 1
UNIT ONE
12
Getting ready for the task19. Write three sentences about what you think you are going to do when you grow up.20. Listen and mark the boxes showing what Mariam thinks and wants. 21. Listen again and mark what Maram’s brother thinks.22. Listen again and mark what Mariam’s mother believes is right.
What I will do when I grow up
What they think Mariam Mariam’s brother Mariam’s motherWants to be famousHelps animalsThinks Mariam is lazyWants to have lots of funWants to do goodWants to have an easy lifeReads about � lm stars in magazinesWants to spend her money on clothesWants to be admiredHelps people who are in troubleDoes not let a dirty homeless puppy into the houseThinks that actors and actresses don’t have easy lives
23. Read the table again. Copy sentences about what you do not like.
24. Write what you are going to do or to have when you grow up. (Use your 3 sentenc-es and the ideas of the text about Mariam).
Example: I’m going to have OR I’ll have...
25. In pairs. Tell your partner what you wrote, and listen to what they wrote. Then tell another pair (or the class) what you and your friend like or don’t like about the
people in Mariam’s text.
26. Find and copy two sentences expressing present time in two different ways (text of Lesson 1). 1. _________________________________________
2. _________________________________________
Remember PRESENT SIMPLE AND PRESENT CONTINUOUS
For present action use: I do (he, she does) - the present simple tense and I am doing – the present continuous tense.
Read Grammar reference.
LESSON 2
REVI
SIO
N
Grammar 2
13
2 3
UNIT ONE
27. Write A (for Present simple) or B (for Present continuous) after each sentence.
1. She likes me to help her.2. What are you doing at the moment?3. She comes home from work very tired. 4. So I usually help her, at least twice a week.5. The book I’m reading now is really interesting. 6. It is autumn.7. We are having dinner.
MEMORY TEST28. Look at the pictures for 30 seconds. Then close the book and say to your part-ner about the actons. Who will say more sentences? Tell the teacher.
Model: A _______ is _______ing.
LESSON 2
1
4
5 6
7
98
10
11
UNIT ONE
14
12
3
4
6
5
7
8
9
29. Look at the same pictures again. Ask your partner questions about the actions. Get him to answer. Use Probably, OR: I don’t think... in the answer. Example: Does he (she) _________ every day? OR: do they _________ every day?
30. Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb in brackets.
1. Where is Anna? – She (talk) __________ to mum in her room. 2. Nino is so bor-ing! She (talk) _____________ too much . 3. Where are the kids? – They (play)___________ tennis, in the yard. 4. Why are you in such a hurry? – I (run) __________ home. I (read) ____________ a very interesting book and I can’t wait to read it. 5. I (hear) _________ your voice very well. 6. Thank you very much. This cake (smell) _________ good and 7. it (taste) ____________ good too. 8. My grandmother (have) _______ seven grandchildren. She (love) ___________ us all.
31. Write as many questions as you can in 5 minutes about each picture in the present simple and the present continuous tenses. Use Is...?/ Are...?/ Is…/Are… doing...? Does...? Then say the number of questions to the teacher. Who wrote more? Read your questions to the class. Example: Picture 1: Is the teacher speaking? Is she reading? Does she read very often?
LESSON 2
15
UNIT ONE
32. Mark each sentence A for Present simple, B for Present continuous, C for Future simple.
1. Tomorrow will probably be exactly like any other day.2. A cowherd takes care of our cow.3. a. Anna is in the garden. b. She is helping mum pick apples.4. Perhaps I’ll help Mum with the chickens and the cow.5. After school I think I’ll go to visit my friend.6. I’ll tell my friend about school.7. I won’t be able to watch TV.8. We are dancing.9. She comes from work very tired.
33. Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb in brackets (present simple, present continu-ous, future simple).
1. Gio (drive) ___________ the car very well. He is a fantastic driver.2. Why Maya (cry) __________ ? She can’t do her math.3. Tornike (have) ____________ a wonderful voice, but he never (sing) __________ when there is somebody in the room.4. Tomorrow the weather (be) ________ � ne. There (be) ______ no clouds in the sky.5. We have a match next week against another team in our school. I’m sure we (win)____.6. We probably (stay) ___________ at home the whole day. We (prepare) _____________ for the exams next week.7. What you (wear) ___________ for the school party tomorrow? I’m not sure. I think I (wear) ________ my blue shirt and white trousers.
34. Write a letter to your English-speaking friend about what you are going to do tomor-row. The beginning will make your task easier.
Use: I am going to have to. ................, ..........................................
35. In pairs. Take 3 – 4 minutes to compose a conversation about what you are go-ing to do tomorrow. Act it out in groups of four – with another pair.
Hi, ___________________________Hi, ___________________________
How are you? How are you?
Tomorrow is the first day of school, so I’ll have no time Tomorrow is the first day of school, so I’ll have no time
to write to you for a week, at least. What are you to write to you for a week, at least. What are you
going to do? How are you going to spend tomorrow?going to do? How are you going to spend tomorrow?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
LESSON 2
UNIT ONE
16
Did you know…
Communication*36. Write in two columns: I Information new for you; II. Information old for you. Compare with your partner (or students in class).
What is InternetNowadays it is easy to get in touch with people all over the world. You can get in touch with people not only by letter or by telephone. You can do it by computer. You can also get information through computer. Write your question about anything that you want to know, give the “search” command, and get the answer.How does this happen?Computers are joined to telephone lines. The telephone lines link computers all over the world to a huge computer network. This network is called the Internet. All com-puters can be joined in this huge network. On the Internet you can send electronic messages to other “users” – people who use computers. And you can get messages from other users. This kind of message is called e-mail – electronic mail. By e-mail you can get in touch with anybody in any country of the world. And it will take just several minutes, not more. On the Internet you can also have a chat with another person – you can have elec-tronic “on line” conversations. You can send a message and a minute later you can read the answer. You can read each other’s messages almost immediately. And of course, the internet is a good place to make friends!
37.Write seven pairs of words. Choose one for each from the box. There is one extra word.
Example: all over the world
Electronic, in touch, the world, telephone, network, on-line, friends.
More words
all over, get, computer, lines,
make, hold, conversation,
38. Odd one out. Which word is different? Tell the class why you have chosen each one.
1. telephone, computer, bicycle, radio, TV2. dog, parrot, elephant, cowherd, chicken 3. famous, painting, idle, clever, hardworking4. � nger, tongue, man, nose, hand5. sea, river, ocean, lake, mountain
LESSON 3
17
UNIT ONE
39. 1) Copy a sentence with ‘can’+ a verb (Text in Lesson 1). Copy the same sentence, leaving out ‘can’. What is the difference between your two sentences?2) Compare: I can spend my money – I spend my money. In which of these sentences does the speaker speak about: a) an action (moqmedeba); b) his attitude to an action (damokidebuleba);
‘Can’ describes an attitude to an action. It is a ‘modal verb’.
Remember
CAN – COULD – BE ABLE (TO) 1) I can hear your voice. He can lift very heavy things. She can visit her friend twice a week. 2) The past tense of ‘can’ is ‘could’: He could help his father after school.
3) For future time use ‘be able to’. He’ll be able to help his father in the vineyard after school.
Note: 1. Don’t use ‘to’ after ‘can’: I can go; you can read;2. Don’t add ‘s’ to a verb with he (she) : he can walk, she can see well.3. Negative forms: cannot � can’t; could not � couldn’t.
See Grammar reference.
40. Fill in the gaps with “can”, “can’t” or “could”, “couldn’t”.
1.Giorgi’s big brother __________ drive a car very well. His father says he ___________ have a car when he is 18.
2. Buy the tickets in the front row so that we ________ see well.3. Gio _______ run very fast. He is the fastest runner in his class.4. When Dachi was 2 years old, he _________ speak, now he is 5 and he ______________
speak Georgian and English.5. Dato _________ swim very well.
41. Write questions for these answers.
1. ____________________? – No, he can’t speak English, but he can speak French.2. ____________________? – Yes, he can swim very well.3. ____________________? – No, he can’t walk. He has hurt his foot.4. ___________? – Yes, she can have dinner ready for 5 o’clock. She has everything for it.5. ________________? – Yes, she can play both the piano and the violin.
UNIT ONE LESSON 3
Grammar 3
UNIT ONE
18
42. Turn the sentences into questions that you can answer with yes or no. Write down the questions. Example: She’ll read the book next week – Will she read the book next week?
1. He can’t get up early tomorrow. _____________________________________ ?2. She’ll be hungry in the evening. _____________________________________ ?3. They’ll go to the theatre tomorrow. ___________________________________ ?4. Her friends couldn’t phone her so early. _______________________________ ?5. He won’t exercise before school. ____________________________________ ?6. He can’t visit his friend more than twice a week. _________________________?
43. In pairs. Write e-mail messages to each other. Situation: One of you has a DVD of a new � lm. The other one asks to lend it to him (her). Agree about the time and place of meeting.
USE: Hi, can you, lend (DVD, or cassette, or a book...), at...o�clock, near..., I�ll be there, any time after..., thank you, you�re welcome.
44. In groups of four. Find out about your partners’ daily program.Example: What do you do on Mondays? What do you do on Tuesday afternoon?
REPORTER: Everybody in the group always goes to school in the morning. N (name) usually helps her mother early in the morning. Two students have a music lesson twice a week in the afternoon.
Day Part of the day
1. (name)_______
2. (name)_______
3. (name)_______
4. (name)_______
Monday morning afternoon evening
Tuesday morning afternoon evening
Wednesday morning afternoon evening
Thursday morning afternoon evening
Friday morning afternoon evening
LESSON 3
19
UNIT ONE
45. Who can say more about each of these pictures? Remember to use what you learned in this unit. Example: Picture 6: I think he is going to cry. Or maybe to sneeze? He has a handkerchief in his hand. He is going to cover his mouth and nose with it when he sneezes....
LESSON 3
1
23
4
5
6
7
89
UN
IT T
WO
UNIT TWO
20
In an exchange program, people, or groups of people from different countries visit each other. They go to spend time in the other country to study the language of the country, and to make new friends. Youth exchange programs have existed for more than 50 years. In fact, they have been well-known since 1945, the end of World War II .
In 1992 the United States government passed a law. Under this law, the US government started to offer scholarships to school students of the former Soviet Union to travel to the United States and to study there for a year.
These students go and live in the U.S. for a year. They live with a host family. But they are not guests of the family; they become members of the family, just like the children and the parents of the family. And they do not go there for a holiday, because while they are there they go to an American high school. They learn about the country and of course they learn to speak English very well.
You can become an exchange student in the US, if you win a competition. You have to take a test in English, and only those students who are good at English are chosen. But this is not all. You also have to show a recommendation from your teachers. They have to write about you, and show that you are better than other students. They must show that you are responsible, independent and cooperative, that you care about people around you, that you respect not only yourself, but others, and your school, that you are fair and honest. And they must give examples of the good things you have done to prove that you have these quali-ties. Because in this case when you come back, you will share with all your friends what you learn in the U.S.
STUDYING ABROAD1. What is the text about? (For this read the title, the � rst sentence of every paragraph and the last sentence of the text).
Youth exchange programs 2. Read and answer: What is a youth exchange program? While reading, � nd the English words for
LESSON 1
stipendia, maspinZeli, ainteresebdes
(zrunva), damtkiceba, Tviseba, gaunawilo
UNIT TWO
21
3. There are 4 paragraphs in the text. Write the number of the paragraph which describes:
1. Why people go to different countries._______1________2. When the exchange programs started. ______________3. Where the visiting students live in the U.S. ___________4. How long the exchange students stay in the States. __________5. How students can get the scholarship. _____________6. What qualities a student must have to win the scholarship. _________
4. True or False? One of these sentences is false. Find it. Copy it and write why it is not true. Read to the teacher. Model: ____ is false, because ____________ .
1. People from different countries visit each other.2. An exchange student has to win a competition.3. Exchange students learn to speak English very well.4. It isn’t important to be independent and cooperative. 5. An exchange student should know English well.6. Students should have good personal qualities.7. On their return the students should share their knowledge with their friends.
5. Write down short answers to these questions. Then choose 4 of your answers and read them to your partner. He will listen and tell you the numbers of the questions. No 1 is an example.
1. Why do countries exchange students?- To study the language of the country, and to make new friends.
2. When did exchange programs start? ________________________________________3. Since when have exchange programs been well known? ________________________4. When did the student exchange visits start? ___________________________________5. How long do exchange students stay in the U.S.? ______________________________6. Where do exchange students live? __________________________________________7. Where do exchange students study? ________________________________________8. How do exchange students live in an American family? __________________________9. What do students learn in the U.S.? _________________________________________10.How can students get the scholarship?
LESSON 1
1. Magda exercises every day. She goes to the gym three times a week. She eats healthy foods. She eats fruit and vegetables, meat, � sh and chicken. She doesn’t eat junk foods, like popcorn or chips.
2. Tamuna can take care of herself. She washes her clothes, cooks breakfast, and does her lessons without her mum’s help.
3. Rezo had a headache on Monday morning. But he promised to bring the 12th century map of Georgia to school on that day. Everybody was waiting for it, so he went to school.
4. Jaba never throws trash in the building, or in the street. He never writes things on his desk or on the wall.
5. The students of 8B class were preparing the room for a Christmas party. Nato said, ‘What can I do to help?’ So all the children shared the work.
6. Match each situation with a word in the table (below). One word is extra.
1 M d i
More words
UNIT TWO
22
Tviseba
ainteresebs, zrunavs
gainawiles
stipendia
maspinZeli
dapatiJeba
damtkiceba
damoukidebeliSeuZlia
TanamSromloba
Quality Number of situationa. gambedavia
b. patiosania
c. samarTliania
d. mzrunvelia
e. sazogadoebas scems pativs.
f. damoukidebelia.
g. SeuZlia TanamSromloba
h. aqvs pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba
i. zrunavs Tavis janmrTelobaze
k. Sromismoyvarea
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
7. Find the English equivalent for these Georgian words. Call them out (or do it in pairs). One is extra. Example: patiosani - honest
aqvs pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba
1. A person who is not controlled by others is independent.2. Respect is having a high opinion of and showing consideration
for somebody or something.3. If a person always does his duty, he is responsible. 4. If a person is willing to help and share work, he is cooperative.5. If a person treats each person according to the law or rules, he is fair.6. A person who always tells the truth is honest.7. A person who shows care to others is caring.
8. Find the Georgian equivalent for the underlined word. One is extra. Example: host – maspinZeli
• The host received his guests with a smile.• You must prove that you are right.• They shared 20 laris by giving 5 to each.• Kindness is a good quality, cruelty is not.• All our teacher cares about is her pupils.• The student received a scholarship – award of a grant of money – to continue his studies in the U.S.
6. On his way home from school, Giorgi bought some pills for his grandma. She had a tooth-ache.
He told his little brother to turn down the TV. The noise was bothering their neighbours.7. My friends had a � ght. They could not decide who was right and who was wrong. Dato
listened to both sides.8. Mary said, ‘I broke the vase, not my little brother.’ 9. Nika said to the other boys, ‘Look, I don’t want to throw stones. I think that if you do this,
someone will be hurt. If you want to hurt someone, I don’t!
LESSON 1
patiosanigambedavi
samarTliani
mzrunveli
pativiscema
Fast reading9. Find and write 6 words. shipcholars, tyquali, resha, bleresponsi, pendentinde, irfa.
UNIT TWO
23
10. Fill in the gaps with suitable words. Call them out (or do it in pairs).
An exchange student called Sophiko1.Sophiko _______ 15 years old in 1995. 2. That year she became an ___________ student and went to the U.S. 3. She won a ___________ to be an exchange student. 4. Her teacher wrote a _________. 5. She had to pass a ________ in English. 6. Two of her teachers ____________recommendations for her. 7.There were many other _______ who took the test and wanted to win. 8. But Sophiko was the __________. 9. She lived with an American family as a member of the family, not as a_________. 10. When she returned, she _____________with everybody what she learned in the U.S.
LESSON 1
Remember
11.a) Find in the text three sentences in the present perfect tense. Write them on the board.b) Underline the words showing the time (if there are any).c) Which of these sentences shows I. Past time, II. Present time?1. She has done good things in her life. 2. Youth exchange programs have existed for more than 50 years. 3. Youth exchange programs have been well-known since 1945.
PRESENT PERFECT or PRESENT SIMPLE?
‘…have existed for more than 50 years, ‘…have been well known since 1945.’ The time expressions are ‘since + a date (- dan) and ‘for + some time.’ (ganmavlobaSi)Other examples: I have known him for two years. I have studied English since1997.See Grammar Reference
Grammar 1
12. Make up at least three sentences using one line from each column. Then read them to your partner. Example: a) I have wanted to be a cosmonaut since I was a child. b) I have had a cough for a long time.
IHe (name)She (name)WeThey (names)The weather
havehas
been friendsknown us (them)wanted to be a cosmonautbeen � ne (rainy, windy, cold)been interested in historyhad a pet
since I was a childsince we (they) were childrensince nine o’clock since Maysince he (we, they) left schoolsince I last wrote to yousince Friday
b) IHe (name)My sisterMy parentsMy brother and I
havehas
had a coughplayed volleyballknown her (name)been a teacherbeen on holidaylived in this village (town)been to the sea
for a long timefor the last three daysfor two weeksfor � ve yearsfor ten years
a)
UNIT TWO
24
13. Write these time expressions in two columns: 1. used with since, 2. used with for.
2 o�clock, two hours, � ve minutes, a long time, last week, two weeks, 10 January, a short time, four years, 1998, September
Used with “since” used with “for”Since yesterday For two weeks
14. Fill in the gaps with since or for. Then dictate to a student at the board.
1. Teacher: I have been at the exam _______ nine o’clock.. Student: I have been at the exam ________ two hours.2. - The weather has been awful _________ two days.. - We haven’t had so much rain in the month of October _______ 1998.3. - I have known Maya __________ quite a long time. - And I have known her __________ we entered school.4. - I didn’t know that you study in this school. - I have come from another school. I have studied here _________ a month. - Do you know my friend Irakli? He has been in this school ________ he was seven.
15. Your teacher will read sentences with pauses instead of some words. When she stops, quickly write down the next word. Then call out whole sentences from memory.
16. In pairs. Tell your partner (then - class) about somebody, who is one of these: re-sponsible, independent, cooperative, caring, fair and honest; respects not only him-
self, but others. Give some examples to prove it. What has he (she) done?
17. a) Write a letter to your friend. Write about somebody – what he (she) did, what you think about it – it proves he (she) is _____________ (quality).
b) Give the letter to your partner, try to correct his (her) letter. Then give your letter to the teacher.
(Date) ______________Dear ______________I want to share with you what happened yesterday.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What do you think?_____________________________I think he(she) is _____________________________ (All the best) (Love) _______________________
LESSON 1
Meet the winner18. Dato K is the winner of an exchange competition. Does he have the right qualities to be a good candidate to study in the US? Listen to what two of his – teachers say about him. They remember some ex-amples of what he has done in different situations. Tick the qualities as you hear them. One is extra. You may have to lis-ten to the conversation several times.
Lesson 2
Quality Dato K.HonestFairIndependentCooperativeRespects othersResponsibleCaringCourageous / braveFriendly
19. What do you like or don’t like about Dato? Write at least three sentences.
20. In groups of four. Compare what you wrote. Tell the class.Model: In our group two students like that Dato _________________ (example);
two students don’t like that _____________________ (example).
UNIT TWO
25
Remember
21. a) Copy from the text of the lesson two sentences with ‘must’. b) Read the sentences with ‘must’ – then, without ‘must’ (omit it). What difference does it make? c) Underline the verbs. d) Which verbs (below) show I. An action; II. Attitude to the action.
e) So, ‘must’ is a modal verb. What does it express?
Why must they show that you are responsible? ___________________________ Why must they give examples? _______________________________________
So, if they don’t prove that this student has good qualities, he (this student) will not go to study in the U.S. – the result will not be achieved.
What result will not be achieved in these cases? If you want to wash your hands, you must have water.______________________________If you want to get to school at 9 you must leave at least at 8.50. ______________________If you want to heat a cold room, you must turn on a heater. _________________________
1.Don’t use ‘to’ after ‘must’: I must go; you must read; 2.Don’t add ‘s’ with he (she) : he must come, she must go. 3.Negative of ’must’ is ‘must not’� mustn’t
See Grammar reference.
LESSON 2
These people show that you are responsible.These people give examples.
They must show that you are responsible. They must give examples
Grammar 2
MUST
UNIT TWO
26
22. Fill in the gaps with must or mustn’t. Example: I must get a ticket to see this � lm.
1. We _________ write a test to get a mark in math. 2. I _________ tell anybody this secret. 3. He _______ tell his mother about the meeting at school. 4. She __________ buy the new textbook in English. 5. They __________ leave the door open when they go out. 6. He ____________ be in the gym at 5, so he __________ go. 7. I __________ teach the boy how to count his money. 8. The phone is ringing, I ___________ answer it.
Get ready for speaking23. a) Why do people do these? Find the answers in the two columns or add others.
Music
English
Basketball
Geography
Drawing
Reading
know about countries of the worldknow a lot of interesting thingskeep � tbecome an artistplay wellspend more time in the fresh airbecome a musiciancommunicate in English
b) In groups of four. Ask questions: What do you do a lot? Why must you do it? Fill in the boxes. Reporter: In our group one student – Giga – plays basketball a lot. He must do it so that their team wins in the competition.
Activity 1. name__________
2. name_________
3.name_________
4. name__________
MusicEnglishBasketballGeographyPetsDrawingReading
LESSON 2
24. Competition. In groups of four. Describe these pictures. Who can say more? Tell the class.
(Competition) 25. a) Take 3 minutes to prepare. What can you say about each picture? b) Get in groups of four. Speak about each picture. Who can say more about each?
Example: In picture one it is morning. The girl (name) has woken up. She must get dressed quickly, because she has to go to school.
765
12
3
4
UNIT TWO
27
LESSON 2
1 2 3
4 5
UNIT TWO
28
LESSON 326. Compare these two American High schools with Georgian schools.
American High SchoolsMidwood - New York
At Midwood, it’s socially acceptable to study round-the-clock. Kids are obsessed with their grade-point averages. The New York Times Magazine chronicled the life of a Midwood student who worked so hard she didn’t stop for meals.
The H-shaped school building with a cupola, constructed in 1940, is cheerful and well kept, but worn. The labs that produce so many top science students are so old they could almost qualify as museum pieces. Science equipment is stored in oak cabinets with glass doors.
As many as 4,000 students are packed in a building designed for 2,300. Classes are held in three overlapping sessions, with some students arriving as early as 7 a.m. and � nishing at 12:30 p.m., and others arriving at 10:45 a.m. and staying until 4:20 p.m. The � rst lunch period is at 9:45 a.m.; practice for band and orchestra starts as early as 7 a.m. Advanced Placement courses are so oversubscribed that only students with near-perfect grades are permitted to take them.
And yet in 1999, Midwood had more semi� nalists in the Science Talent Search than any other high school in the nation, and in 2000 it tied for � rst place. Midwood offers fourteen Advanced Placement courses, and the College Board listed it among the best schools in the nation in terms of AP offerings. The school has an extensive sports program -- including competitive team sports and aerobics, ten-nis, bowling, and billiards. Soccer, basketball, swimming, and track are strong.
Midwood is racially integrated, and students say that’s one of its strengths. A black student, Na-tasha McLeod, recalls how her life has been enriched by friendships at Midwood with Russian and Pakistani girls. A white girl who transferred from a small private school says she appreciates the lack of snobbery. “All different religions and races, -- you learn to like all kinds of people here,” says an-other student.
Baruch College Campus High SchoolNew York
Pairs of kids lie on the � oors of the classroom and hall, reading to one another. This relaxed at-mosphere, combined with hard work on classical texts, is typical of Baruch College Campus High School, a new school that has become one of the most popular in Manhattan even though it only graduated its � rst class in 2001.
Baruch is located on the tenth � oor of a modern building on the campus of Baruch College, part of the City University of New York. (Students may take college classes too.) “The assignments we give are progressive, but the curriculum is traditional,” says principal Jill Myers, who founded the school in 1997 with a group of teachers.
The school’s strength has been in the humanities — kids read Greek classics such as Antigone and The Odyssey, Shakespeare’s comedies, and Dante’s Inferno as well as modern novels and non-Western works of literature from Africa and Asia — and writing is emphasized. But imaginative new chemistry and physics teachers promise to reinforce the science departments. The school uses math curriculum, in which students must explain in writing how they reached their mathematical conclu-sions and solve what are called “real world” problems.
UNIT TWO
29
More words
Read quickly
27. Find the word in each line which is nearest to the � rst word. Dictate to a student at the board. Say why you have chosen it. The � rst one is an example.
exchangevisitorcaringmoneyparentspend
respectfulvacationsickcompetitionwomantime
responsibleguesthealthytravelfathermoney
spentindependenthonestwinguestweekend
visitingcooperativethoughtfulscholarshiphusbanduse
LESSON 3
28. Odd one out. Which word is different? Work with a partner and tell the class why you have chosen each one.
1.walked, showed, happened, wrote, checked2.geography, maths, football, literature, history3.wall, window, chair, ceiling, � oor4.courageous, strong, honest, caring, trash5.dolphin, lion, whale, � sh, alligator
29. Write questions using these words. Example: She / lived / here / last year (two years) Has she lived here _________?
1. My / grandparents / lived / Kutaisi / sixty years. 2. His father / worked / University / 1985. 3. We / not see / Nika / my brother’s / birthday party. 4. My / father / smoked / ten years. 5. I / know / Tamuna / she was a child.
30. Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb in brackets (Present perfect, past simple or present continuous).
1. - Where is Liza? I (not see) __________ her since Friday. She (be) _____________ in Kobuleti for the last � ve days. She (phone) _________ me yesterday.
2. - How many pages ______ you (read) __________ since this morning? - Four. Only four? Why so few? – The telephone (ring) _________ ten times before lunch and I had to answer it each time.
3. - Where has he learned to speak English? – Oh, he (speak) __________English since he was a child.
4. Where are you going? I (go) _______ to the opera. I (not be) _____________ there since last autumn.
5. My older brother (be) _______ a University student for more than two years. He is a third-year student now.
Grammar 1 RE
VISI
ON
UNIT TWO
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31. Listen to the sentences your teacher reads in Georgian. Choose the correct English equiv-alent and mark it. Then mark the rule showing why you chose this answer.
32. In pairs. A friend in your class is ill. He has been absent for a month. Tell him what has happened since he became ill.
You can use the following:
win the competition, break his (her) arm, learn to play the guitar, do an English test, buy a new CD, decide about school trip to Vardzia
Example: Many things have happened since you fell ill. …
TO EXPRESS PRESENT TIME, remember, that if the action:
1.Began in the past and is going on at present, use the present perfect:I have lived here since last year.
2. Is going on at the moment of speaking or around it, usethe present continuous:I am reading a book. BUT: if the verb cannot be used in the continuous tense, (be, see, hear, know, live, understand)use the present simple: I see you.
3. Takes place regularly or always, use the present simple: The sun rises in the east.
LESSON 3
1. a. are studying b. have studied2. a. lives b. is living 3. a. do you do b. are you doing 4. a. write b. am writing 5. a. are you b. have you been6. a. do you hear b. are you hearing 7. a. have dinner b. are having dinner 8. a. has tea b. is having tea 9. a. barks b. is barking 10. a. barks b. is barking 11. a. does it rain b. is it raining 12. a. do you have b. are you having 13. a. don’t have b. haven’t had
34. In pairs. Choose one of the students above and tell your partner (then - class) what you like or dislike about him/her.
UNIT TWO
31
Irakli B.Irakli B.a. He never throws trash in the classroom.a. He never throws trash in the classroom.
b. He is good at basketball, skiing and b. He is good at basketball, skiing and
boxing.boxing.
c. He stops children who write on the desks c. He stops children who write on the desks
or walls.or walls.
d. He goes to the hairdresser’s once a month, d. He goes to the hairdresser’s once a month,
so his hair is always neatly cut.so his hair is always neatly cut.
e. Once, when the class went on a picnic e. Once, when the class went on a picnic
and forgot to bring the salt, he said it and forgot to bring the salt, he said it
was his fault, he made the list. He took was his fault, he made the list. He took
the bus to the nearest village and bought the bus to the nearest village and bought
some salt.some salt.
f. When several of his friends had a fight, f. When several of his friends had a fight,
he wasn’t afraid to stop them. He said, he wasn’t afraid to stop them. He said,
“Stop it. Each of the boys should say “Stop it. Each of the boys should say
what he thinks.” Everybody listened, what he thinks.” Everybody listened,
and then they knew who was right and and then they knew who was right and
who was wrong.who was wrong.
33. Think and write. a) Choose one description of the three students. How can you describe them? b) Describe somebody you know. Compare with your partner (or class). Example: He respects his school.
LESSON 3
Sophia K.a. She likes to sing and dance.b. She likes to be with her friends. She likes work but she also likes having fun with her friends.c. She does not need to ask her parents when she has to decide what to do.d. She can take care of herself. She washes her own clothes and keeps her room tidy. She does her lessons and chooses books to read, without asking her par-ents to help her. e. She thinks about other people and takes care of people around her. Remembers to bring medicine to her grandmother. f. She is kind to animals.g. She takes care of plants. She has lots of flowers in pots at home, and she never forgets to water them.
Stephan R. a. He always does his homework.b. He does not ask others to help
him with his work. He prefers to do it on his own. If he can�t do it on his own, he doesn�t do it.
c. Once, during a break, some boys were throwing a ball at each oth-er. The ball hit a window and the window broke. Nobody knew who broke it. The teacher wanted to punish everybody. But suddenly Stephan said that he broke it. He repaired it the next day.
d. He is always cleanly dressed.e. He does not like to play with his
friends. So when boys start to play football, they don�t choose him to play in their team.
g. One day when a big boy bullied one of his friends, he came to help. He jumped on the bully and beat him.