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Yesterday:Yesterday:Genetic Disorders Genetic Disorders
and and Gene TherapyGene Therapy
Today:Today:Genetic EngineeringGenetic Engineering
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What does Genetic Engineering mean to You?
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Overview of Genetic Engineering
• What are the differences between cloning, recombinant DNA, and genetic engineering?
• What are the tools we use for genetic engineering?– Plasmids– Restriction Enzymes– DNA Ligase
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Cloning Involves Making Identical Copies
“Cloning” can mean several things:– To make many identical copies of a
DNA molecule or a particular stretch of DNA (DNA cloning or molecular cloning).
– To replicate an entire organism (reproductive cloning).
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Recombinant DNA
• Recombinant DNA is when two or more pieces of DNA that don’t normally go together are combinedcombined.
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Genetic Engineering
• Genetic Engineering is the process of using recombinant DNA technology to genetically alter or create new organisms.
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Recombinant DNA Technology Tools
• Plasmid Vectors– To move DNA from one organism to
another.
• Restriction Enzymes– “Molecular Scissors” to cut DNA in
specific places.
• DNA Ligase– DNA “glue” to stick pieces of DNA
together.
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PlasmidsSmall, circular pieces of “extra” DNA found in bacteria.
Plasmids often carryantibiotic resistance.
Plasmids
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Restriction Enzymes:Molecular Scissors
A restriction enzyme (RE) is a specialized protein that cuts DNA in a very specific place.
Different REs cut at different places along the nucleotide sequence.
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Cell DNA
DNA Ligase (Glue)
Recombinant DNA
DNA fragment ligated (inserted) into vector creating recombinant DNA molecule.
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Today• Gene Therapy Vector Engineering
Project.– Use paper models to simulate the
process of engineering your recombinant gene therapy vector.
• DNA sheet for the therapeutic gene to treat the genetic disease you were assigned.
• DNA sheet for the vector you chose to treat the disease.
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Materials
• In lab folder (one per group):– Activity Instruction Sheet (WHITE)– Answer/Data Sheet (WHITE)– Restriction Enzyme Sheet (GREEN)
• Get from me (one per group):– Vector DNA sheet (PINK)– Therapeutic DNA sheet (BLUE)
• Other: scissors/glue stick