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The Orientation of the chip inside a blood Artery
Yamini S. Parikh, Yin song, Varun Penmatsa, Chunlei Wang
Mechanical and Materials Science and Engineering,Florida International University
COMSOL Conference 2009
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Li-ion battery
Need for biofuel cell
Implantable defibrillator
RFID Tags
Insulin Pumps
Pace maker
Enzymatic Biofuel Cells (EBFCs) are electrochemical power sources which utilize enzymes to biocatalyze the fuel and thus supply electricity
Biofuel cells can be a safe solution
Biofuel cells have a very promising theoretical efficiency of 90%
Currently biofuel cells have the disadvantage of big size, low practical efficiency and longevity of enzyme
Enzymatic biofuel cell
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Glucose oxidase laccase
Load (implantable device)
Glucose in blood : 4mM-6mM
Mechanism of a Biofuel cellOverall Redox Reaction:Anode: C6H12O6+ O2
GOx C6H12O6 (Glutonolactone) + H2O2 H2O2 O2 + 2H+ + 2e- (Oxidation)
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Blood Aorta
Anodes Cathodes
IN
OUT
HP-Horizontal position
Anode
Cathodes
IN
OUT
Blood Aorta
VP-Vertical position Parts Size
Artery diameter 1.5 cm
Electrode height 300 µm
Electrode diameter 30 µm
Electrode distance 40 µm
Enzyme thickness 10 µm
Foot print area 2 mm2
Computational Modeling – Orientation of the chip
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Boundary Condition1) Diffusion and Convection application module
Anode – enzyme layer interface & Cathode – enzyme layer interface Zero inward flux
Enzyme layers – bulk interface Continuity
Inlet of an artery Inward flux= 5 mM
Outlet of an artery Convective flux
SiO2 layer boundaries Insulation
2) Navier – Stokes application module
Anode – enzyme layer interface & Cathode – enzyme layer interface Wall – no slip
Enzyme layers – bulk interface Continuity
Inlet of an artery Inlet pressure
Outlet of an artery Outlet – No viscous stress
SiO2 layer Insulation
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Results:
Pressure and Velocity distribution
Pressure with velocity streamlinesVelocity Profile
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HP VP
Diffusive Flux distribution in between micro-electrodes
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HP VP
Convective Flux distribution in between micro-electrodes
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Proposed Design
Holes in the substrate between any two electrodes – 20 µm
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Diffusive Flux in between micro-electrodes
New Proposed Design with holes
Convective Fluxin between micro-electrodes
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Conclusions:
• Chip is more stable in VP, as there is no random turbulence formed under a chip in this position. In HP, due to high pressure region on the chip and small vortices formed below the chip causes chip to be unstable.
• Diffusion and convection is less in between electrodes in both the case of HP and VP.
• Our new proposed design significantly improves the diffusion in between electrodes.
• There is an improvement in convection in between micro-electrodes also.
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Thank you!
Yamini S. Parikh : [email protected] Wang: [email protected]
National Science Foundation – NIRT#0709085Collaborators
Prof. Marc Madou @ UCIProf. Sylvia Daunert @ UKProf. Leonidas Bachas @UK
Acknowledgement