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Writing Objectives for Extension Programsby Glenn Israel
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Orienting Question
How do you tell a good objective from a bad one?
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A Goal is a general statement of a desired state toward which a program is directed.
see Rossi et al., 2004:98
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An Objective is a specific, operationalized statement detailing the desired accomplishment of a program.
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Sources of Objectives
Expressed (felt) needs
Analysis of social & environmental conditions
Research results
Political pressure
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Levels of Objectives
Inputs Activities Participation Reactions Knowledge, Attitudes, Skills &
Aspirations (Behavioral intentions) Behavioral or Practice Change Social, Economic & Environmental
Conditions
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Questions About Objectives
Are they realistic with the limitations of audience capacity, instructional expertise, and the diffusion of change?
Are they feasible within the limitations of time, budget, and other resources?
Are they consistent with the values of Extension and the community, and with our legal responsibilities?
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Writing Useful Objectives
Use strong verbs
State only one purpose or aim
Specify a single end-product or result
Specify a time frame for achieving results
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Strong & Weak Verbs for Objectives
Strong: to increase to adopt to describe to demonstrate
Weak to promote to encourage to understand to become
aware
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Criteria are rules, standards, norms, conditions, or behaviors which are considered to be "good" or are of value or use.
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Performance criteria examples:
Parity participation in 4-H programs
Use of specific Best Management Practices (BMPs)
Passing scores on pesticide certification tests
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Approaches to Establish Performance Criteria
Legislation & regulations Research findings Theoretical models Experience with similar programs Stakeholders’ expectations Past performance
Professional standards or ethical values
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Elements of Strong Objectives
Target audience (who)
Criteria for coverage
Outcome (what)
Criteria for outcome
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Examples of Measurable Objectives Objective:
– 35 4-H members will practice communication skills in relationships with parents or peers during the week.
Objective:– 100 Pesticide Applicators will use at least half of
10 recommended pesticide safety practices all of the time after completing the program.
Objective:– Half of poultry producers attending Extension
programs will adopt at least one marketing method for the sale of by-products next year.
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Critique the Objectives Increase older adults knowledge of and participation
in educational and behavioral activities recognized as leading to healthy aging
To provide effective educational programs to Florida's citizens and consumers at various levels, leading to improved food handling practices, and consequently, to a safer food supply
To provide information concerning sustainable commercial production practices that will be cost-effective, including practices such as fertilization, crop protection, and rotational crops. It is anticipated that 40% of the growers will adopt such practices within the next four years